EP3045656A1 - Mehrfunktionsrotationsmaschine mit verformbarem rhombus - Google Patents

Mehrfunktionsrotationsmaschine mit verformbarem rhombus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3045656A1
EP3045656A1 EP16151876.6A EP16151876A EP3045656A1 EP 3045656 A1 EP3045656 A1 EP 3045656A1 EP 16151876 A EP16151876 A EP 16151876A EP 3045656 A1 EP3045656 A1 EP 3045656A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
central shaft
enclosure
cavities
machine
rotor
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EP16151876.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3045656B1 (de
Inventor
Vincent Genissieux
Jean-Thomas Collomb
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C1/00—Rotary-piston machines or engines
    • F01C1/30—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F01C1/40—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and having a hinged member
    • F01C1/44—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and having a hinged member with vanes hinged to the inner member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C11/00—Combinations of two or more machines or engines, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type
    • F01C11/002—Combinations of two or more machines or engines, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type of similar working principle
    • F01C11/004—Combinations of two or more machines or engines, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type of similar working principle and of complementary function, e.g. internal combustion engine with supercharger

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rotary machine with deformable rhombus.
  • a rotary machine generally comprises a stationary assembly or stator and a movable assembly or rotor having a diamond shape articulated at its vertices and rotating around its center, able to deform during its rotation.
  • Each side of the diamond determines with the internal profile of the stator having a generally oval shape, a chamber of variable volume during the movement of the rotor.
  • the sides of the articulated diamond are materialized by plates called pistons having, for the most part, an outer surface of curvilinear shape. These pistons are sometimes provided, in their area of contact with the internal profile of the stator of sealing segments.
  • Such a machine can be used as a combustion engine, turbine, compressor, pump, fan, etc. It has the advantage of having a fixed center of gravity, thus being able to avoid vibrations, to be able to reach compressions equivalent to those of piston engines, to have a higher flow rate than piston engines, to have a higher pressure ratio to the turbines and to be simpler than most generally known machines performing the same functions.
  • MRLD Deformable diamond rotating machines
  • a stator generally consisting of a cylindrical non-circular enclosure (a cylinder whose non-circular direction is a cylinder) outside the diamond-shaped rotor and a plurality (the most often four) of rotating elements articulated with each other at their adjacent edges in a pivot connection of an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chamber, each of the rotary elements delimiting with the inner wall of the chamber a chamber or cavity with variable volume.
  • MRLDs can also be used as pumps. This is described for example in patents US 3,295,505 (A. Jordan ) and EP 1 092 838 A2 (J. Sanchez Talero ) and in patent applications WO 86/00370 (I. Contiero ) and WO 2005/106204 (Okulov, P. ). More particularly, the document WO 86/00370 describes a concept of MRLD comprising four external chambers with variable volume, defined between the outer surface of the rotor, the inner surface of the stator, and an internal chamber of variable volume defined inside the deformable rotor, these chambers being defined axially by two lateral closing flanges. In a variant, the same fluid is conveyed between the internal chamber functioning as a compressor and the external chambers operating as a motor.
  • a MRLD has several more or less independent cavities, which can be used in different ways.
  • the patent application FR 2 911 631 (Ph. Kuzdzal) ) discloses an internal combustion engine or pressurized gas injection engine having, in addition to external cavities limited by the inner wall of the enclosure and the articulated rotary members, four internal cavities each delimited by the inner walls of adjacent rotating elements and the outer ones of a central tree.
  • the engine comprises two other internal cavities each located at a joint between two movable elements for lubricating the segments of the joint.
  • the lubricating oil can also be used to cool the engine and, in this case, the internal cavities communicate with each other by being connected by oil circulation channels.
  • the oil is fed into an internal lubrication / cooling circuit of the engine by a pump, the internal cavities being used only to open and close valves of the internal circuit of the engine for cooling the engine in a closed circuit. It should be noted that the variation in volume of the internal cavities during a complete cycle of the machine is small, but probably sufficient for a closed circuit operation of the lubricant.
  • the invention relates to a rotary deformable diamond machine (MRLD) comprising a stator 2 having a generally tubular shape of approximately oval section, whose profile is in accordance with the geometric rules imposed by the deformation of the diamond during its rotation and of which the inner surface defines an enclosure 1 for receiving a rotor 3 which is a deformable rhombus 4.
  • MRLD rotary deformable diamond machine
  • the deformable rhombus 4 is a set of four pistons 6 interconnected by pivot links, materialized by pivoting joints 7, and which form a chain closed on itself.
  • the rotor 3 is generally the rotating part of the machine, but it is possible, in a variant, to drive the chamber 1 in rotation which then rotates relative to the rhombus 4 fixed in rotation but whose sides are deformed (the side segment that connects, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine, the axes of two adjacent pivot links).
  • the projections of axes of pivot connections of the pistons in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine represent the vertices 5 of the diamond.
  • the segment that connects two opposing vertices 5 forms a diagonal of the rhombus. It will be understood in the following, also diagonally a part or mechanical connection built according to this segment.
  • a piston 6 is a part having a shape of cylinder portion of director parallel to the axis of rotation of the machine.
  • the surfaces located at the two ends of this piece each provide a part of a rotational axis pivot connection parallel to the axis of rotation of the machine.
  • the segment that connects two midpoints of opposite sides of the rhombus, including two opposed pistons, forms a median of the rhombus.
  • median also a part or mechanical connection built according to this segment.
  • rotation shaft 57 or central shaft of the machine, it comprises a part or a set of mechanical parts for recovering the rotational movement of the rotor or the stator via a suitable mechanical transmission system.
  • the machine also comprises two lateral flanges 12, 13 of closure ( Fig. 6a ), arranged perpendicularly to the rotation shaft of the machine and bearing against the front and rear faces of the stator and the rotor.
  • the extrados 9 of the piston comprises the outer surface of the piston 6, located outside the rhombus 4, and the lower surface 11 of the piston, the inner surface of the piston 6, located at the inside the diamond 4.
  • the machine comprises the revolution cylinder closed by the side flanges and encompassing the outer profile of the stator of the machine according to a conventional embodiment or encompassing the most eccentric piece relative to the axis of rotation.
  • the invention uses the property of the deformable diamond rotary machine provided with means of the invention to create cavities whose volume varies during the deformation of the rhombus, these external cavities and internal to the rotor (or rhombus) can be realized in different ways.
  • an external cavity 8 (it is understood external to the rotor 3) of work is formed by an extrados peripheral cavity 14.
  • Such a cavity extrados peripheral 14 is formed by the extrados face 9 of one of the pistons 6 of the rhombus 4 against the inner wall of the stator 2 and the closing flanges 12,13 on either side of the machine.
  • the figure 1 shows the example of the extrados peripheral cavity 14 left. In the initial position ( figure 1a ), the peripheral cavity extrados in the lower part is initially empty, or at minimum volume.
  • the following figures (1b to 1f) show the evolution of this cavity (represented as a dotted line) when the rhombus 4 rotates in the direction indicated in the figure.
  • the figure does not represent the filling devices.
  • the figure 1b shows the beginning of the admission.
  • the figure 1c shows a state of the admission phase where the cavity increases in volume.
  • the left extrados peripheral cavity 14 has reached its maximum volume; preferably, the diamond 4 then takes the form of a square.
  • the volume of the cavity decreases and the fluid is evacuated.
  • the delivery devices are not shown in this figure.
  • the left extrados peripheral cavity 14 reaches its minimum volume or empties completely.
  • Each extrados peripheral cavity 14 performs a cycle by half-turn.
  • the displacement of such a cavity represents approximately 1/50 th of the machine volume, ie a displacement of 4/50 th of the machine volume per revolution.
  • these extrados peripheral cavities 14 can be accessed by channels made in the pistons 6, or in the pivots 7 or in the stator 2 or in the lateral flanges 12, 13 as will be explained later.
  • extrados peripheral cavities 14 may have the same function (pump, compressor, motor, etc.) or not.
  • a cavity can receive a pressurized gas that sets the rotor in motion, while the others work as a compressor or as a pump. If several cavities work as a pump, they can work with the same fluid or with a different fluid.
  • the extrados peripheral cavities 14 using the same inner wall of the stator there is a risk of contamination between the different fluids extrados peripheral cavities 14, because there will always be a permanent film that is formed on the inner wall.
  • the machine illustrated in figure 1 has a number of extrados left peripheral cavities 14 of 2 or 4 per turn, a number of right extrados peripheral cavities 14 of 2 per turn, and a central cavity, which makes an instantaneous total number of cavities, which can fulfill three functions.
  • an external cavity is an external junction cavity defined by the space between two pistons 6 connected to the rotor 3 or which have a pivot connection (or pivot joint) 7 in common and the inner wall of the stator 2 (or enclosure 1), four cavities being thus defined in the space between the rotor 3 and the stator 2.
  • the stator 2 may have an enclosure 1 of oval or circular shape. In the case where the enclosure is circular, it has a longitudinal axis which is common with that of rotation of the machine and the cavity defined with the lateral closure flanges is an extrados circular cavity 15. Such an extrados circular cavity 15 performs a cycle by half turn of rotation of the rotor, and the four cavities succeed one another.
  • the displacement of the extrados circular cavity 15 may represent 1/100 th of the volume of the machine, ie a displacement of 2/25 th of the machine volume per revolution if the cycles performed at each half-turn and the four cavities are accumulated on the same function.
  • the guide of the deformation of the rotor 3 is formed by a central shaft of oval section 16.
  • the volume of this cavity varies according to the position of the rotor 3, in particular, it grows from a position where the volume is minimal ( Fig. 2a ) at a fluid inlet position ( Fig. 2b ), reaches its maximum volume in maximum deformation position of the diamond 4 ( Fig. 2c ), to decrease further and compress the fluid ( Fig.
  • these circular cavities can be accessed extrados 15 by channels made in the pistons 6, or in the pivots 7 or in the stator 2 or in the lateral flanges 12, 13 closing.
  • this variant embodiment comprises a constructive simplification associated with a significant reduction in the manufacturing cost, insofar as the stator 2 and the enclosure 1 can be obtained directly from a standard profile of circular section, avoiding machining operations by removal of material.
  • the machine illustrated in figures 2 has a number of extrados circular cavities of 8 per turn, a number of intrados peripheral cavities 17 of 8 per turn, which makes an instantaneous total number of 8 cavities, which can fulfill four functions.
  • a working cavity is formed by an internal cavity of the rotor 3.
  • This cavity uses a profile internal to the diamond 4, this profile being of the MRLD type. , ie a profile which respects the laws of deformation of the diamond, which is, in a first variant illustrated with the Figures 3a to 3d associated with the inner surface called the intrados face 11 of the pistons 6.
  • the figure 3a shows an example of four peripheral intrados cavities 17, two on the left and two on the right, as seen with respect to a vertical axis passing through the center of the rotor 3. It is also possible to use, alternatively or at the same time, the peripheral cavity left intrados or the right one.
  • the extrados cavities 14 left and 17 left intrados are in phase opposition (the volume of one increases, while the volume of the other decreases with the rotation of the diamond 4, and reaches a maximum value while the value the other is minimal) and it is the same for the extrados cavities 14 and intrados 17 right.
  • the cubic capacity of a peripheral intrados cavity 17 is slightly lower than that of the extrados peripheral cavity 14, this difference in displacement is essentially related to the thickness of the pistons.
  • the ratio of the cubic capacity of the intrados cavities to that of the extrados cavities is less than 1. In order to be able to exchange a fluid with a circuit outside the machine, these peripheral intrados cavities 17 can be accessed by channels made in the pistons 6, or in the pivots 7 or in the stator 2 or in the lateral flanges 12, 13 of closure.
  • the machine illustrated in figures 3 has two left extrados peripheral cavities 14, two straight extrados peripheral cavities 14, two left intrados peripheral cavities 17 and two right intrados peripheral cavities 17, which makes an instantaneous total number of 8 cavities, which can fulfill four functions.
  • the internal cavities are intrados circular cavities 18, a cavity being formed by the space between two pistons 6 connected (or having a pivot connection 7 in common), a cylinder of revolution 19 internal to the diamond 4, the longitudinal axis is common to the central shaft of the machine.
  • a circular cavity intrados 18 performs a cycle by half-turn and the four cavities succeed one another.
  • the displacement of such a circular intrados cavity 18 represents approximately 1/100 th of the volume of the machine, ie a displacement of 2/25 th of the volume of the machine per revolution if the four cavities are combined and both cycles per revolution.
  • the machine illustrated in figures 4 has two left extrados peripheral cavities 14, two extrados straight peripheral cavities 14, and four intrados circular cavities 18, which makes an instantaneous total number of 8 cavities, which can fulfill four functions.
  • the rotary deformable diamond machine of the invention makes it possible, by virtue of its construction with at least three variable volume cavities, to perform several functions chosen from those of: motor, pump, compressor or turbine, or a combination thereof a fluid exchange being established with one or more external circuits to the machine, as well as between the various variable volume cavities thereof.
  • the exchange zones (or means of transfer or exchange) of fluid within the machine are illustrated in the Figures 5 to 9 . These exchange zones are inlet or discharge ports communicating, on the one hand, with fluid circuits external to the machine and, on the other hand, with channels formed within its elements opening into external cavities. or internal of the machine, as will be explained later.
  • the figure 5 illustrates four radial orifices 51 of admission or discharge of the fluid in the external cavities of the machine, these orifices are formed on the outer surface of the stator 2 and radially cross its thickness to open into the outer cavities 8 of the machine.
  • FIGS. 6a to 6c illustrate orifices made in the lateral flanges 12, 13 of closure of the machine, in particular in the form of axial orifices and peripheral lights.
  • two axial orifices 52 allow admission of the fluid axially (in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the machine) inside the rotor, these orifices may advantageously be provided with valves ensuring their closure and respectively their opening.
  • the two lateral flanges 12, 13 are also each provided with four peripheral lights 53 which are slots having a generally half-moon shape, their dimensions and their arrangement being made so that, at least in one of the positions of the rotor 3, these peripheral lights 53 are completely obstructed by the pivoting joints 7 of the rotor 3.
  • the figure 6b illustrates such a position where the four peripheral lights 53 are covered by the four pivoting joints 7 of the rotor 3.
  • the peripheral lights 53 are gradually exposed and the surface of the exchange zone increases with the angle of rotation to a position where they are completely open ( Fig. 6c ), then the section of the fluid exchange zone then decreases to the position illustrated in FIG. figure 6b .
  • This solution provides progressive and automatic opening and closing of the exchange zone between a fluid circuit upstream or downstream of the machine and the external cavities 8 of the machine, all the closures and orifice openings being in phase. between them.
  • FIGS. 7a and 7b illustrate another alternative embodiment of the fluid exchange zones inside the machine, in particular via inlet or discharge channels 54 made at the pivoting joints 7 of the rotor 3.
  • the rotation which takes place between the pistons 6 and their pivots 7 allows an opening and an automatic closing of these channels 54 extending radially and to a certain depth along the pivoting joint 7. It is noted that the opening and closing of the channels belonging to two pivoting joints opposing (facing each other) are in phase.
  • the Figures 8a to 8c illustrate another alternative embodiment of the fluid exchange zones, this exchange being done by channels 55 made in a radial direction in the pistons 6.
  • the figure 8a illustrates the rotor 3 of the machine where each piston 6 comprises two through holes, the fluid passage can be made in both directions (inside out and vice versa).
  • the figure 8b illustrates an example of a rotor in which each piston comprises a through orifice made so as to be able to receive a closing valve ensuring the passage of the fluid from the inside to the outside of the rotor (in the direction of the arrows of the 8B ).
  • the figure 8c illustrates an example similar to the previous one, but where the passage of the fluid is allowed from the outside towards the inside of the rotor (in the direction of the arrows of the fig.8c ).
  • the figure 9 illustrates another embodiment of axial channel 56 for admission or discharge of fluid, the latter being formed in the central shaft or rotation 57 of the machine.
  • the internal cavity of the rotation shaft 57 comprises a first axial channel 56 whose inlet orifice is at a first end 58 of the shaft and the outlet orifice 59 at the center plane of the machine, and a second axial channel 56 'which starts from this middle plane and goes to the second end 60 of the rotation shaft 57.
  • Orifices preferably provided with valves, allow the admission of the fluid conveyed by the central shaft in the cavities it passes through, or the discharge of the cavity fluid via the axial channel of the shaft to an external circuit of the machine.
  • the fluid inlet and outlet channels in various cavities of the machine may have so-called free sections (eg orifices, slots or slots) which are successively obstructed, then open when the rotor is rotated, or they may be provided with valves or valves (possibly spring return) actuated opening / closing by a fluid pressure difference, or, in another embodiment, they can be provided with closing / opening devices controlled by electric actuators or electromechanical (eg solenoid valves, controlled valves, etc ).
  • a combination of the means for closing / opening the channels can also be envisaged, for example said free sections may furthermore comprise a controlled device (such as a rotational shutter with controlled rotation) that can, for example, make a variation of the surface of the section. of the exchange zone.
  • the technical characteristics of the machine are given below as an example.
  • the machine has a very compact size. Indeed, the length (along the long axis of the stator cross section) is about 70 mm, the width (along the minor axis of the stator cross section) is about 60 mm and the depth (according to the longitudinal axis) is about 40 mm.
  • An improved, more compact and lighter machine can be designed for higher rotational speeds, while providing it with sealing systems at its fluid exchange zones. Conversely, it is also possible to consider a larger dimensioning of the machine, when it increases the pistons to increase the moment of inertia of the diamond around the axis of rotation.
  • the dimensional and geometric tolerances are of the order of a hundredth of a millimeter in order to limit leaks.
  • the maximum volume of an extrados peripheral cavity 14 is about 5 cm 3 .
  • the dead volume of an extrados peripheral cavity 14 is negligible and depends essentially on the inlet and outlet pipes, ie about 0.1 cm 3 for a pipe of the air pump and 1 cm 3 for a pipe of the water turbine.
  • the machine is waterproof vis-à-vis the outside because it is satisfied with static seals (no relative movement of parts).
  • the internal sealing of the machine is essentially by reduced clearance, large areas of lamination of leaks and the use of deformations of pressurized parts to reduce play and improve sealing.
  • the machine can be made with plastic materials with a low coefficient of friction to ensure the lightness of the assembly, because the pressure is low and the parts have a very robust design.
  • the machine can cope with water problems in air pumps, thanks in particular to dead volumes, which serve as pneumatic dampers to prevent hydraulic shock when the volume decreases.
  • dead volumes which serve as pneumatic dampers to prevent hydraulic shock when the volume decreases.
  • the pressure increasing strongly, the pistons and the flanges deform to release a fluid passage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
EP16151876.6A 2008-09-22 2009-09-22 Mehrfunktionsrotationsmaschine mit verformbarem rhombus Not-in-force EP3045656B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0805177A FR2936272B1 (fr) 2008-09-22 2008-09-22 Machine rotative a losange deformable multifonctions
EP09741330.6A EP2334906B1 (de) 2008-09-22 2009-09-22 Mehrfunktionsrotationsmaschine mit verformbarem rhombus

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09741330.6A Division EP2334906B1 (de) 2008-09-22 2009-09-22 Mehrfunktionsrotationsmaschine mit verformbarem rhombus

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EP3045656A1 true EP3045656A1 (de) 2016-07-20
EP3045656B1 EP3045656B1 (de) 2017-12-20

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EP16151876.6A Not-in-force EP3045656B1 (de) 2008-09-22 2009-09-22 Mehrfunktionsrotationsmaschine mit verformbarem rhombus
EP09741330.6A Not-in-force EP2334906B1 (de) 2008-09-22 2009-09-22 Mehrfunktionsrotationsmaschine mit verformbarem rhombus

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US (1) US9523276B2 (de)
EP (2) EP3045656B1 (de)
DK (1) DK2334906T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2936272B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2010031927A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3005106B1 (fr) 2013-04-25 2017-11-24 Jean Pierre Ambert Machine volumique rotative a trois pistons
CN108708852A (zh) * 2018-05-30 2018-10-26 安徽美芝精密制造有限公司 活塞、压缩机和制冷设备以及活塞的制备方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3196854A (en) 1963-04-08 1965-07-27 Novak Andrew Rotary engine
US3295505A (en) 1963-05-31 1967-01-03 Jordan Alfred Rotary piston apparatus
FR1404453A (fr) 1964-02-24 1965-07-02 Mécanisme comportant un rotor articulé
US3387596A (en) 1965-06-09 1968-06-11 Politechnika Warszawska Combustion engine with revoluting pistons forming a closed kinematic chain
FR2145133A5 (de) 1971-07-08 1973-02-16 Artajo Jose
CA997998A (en) 1974-08-02 1976-10-05 Ernest A. Steinbrink Rhombo-rotary engine
FR2493397A1 (fr) 1980-11-03 1982-05-07 Ambert Jean Pierre Moteur rotatif
WO1986000370A1 (en) 1984-06-22 1986-01-16 Italo Contiero Cyclic volume machine
US6009847A (en) * 1996-09-26 2000-01-04 Huettlin; Herbert Oscillating-piston machine
EP1092838A2 (de) 1999-09-08 2001-04-18 John Alejandro Sanchez Talero Drehkolben-Brennkraftmaschine
DE10001962A1 (de) * 2000-01-18 2001-07-26 Herbert Huettlin Rotationskolbenmaschine
WO2001088341A1 (en) 2000-05-12 2001-11-22 Peter Szorenyi Hinged rotor internal combustion engine
EP1295012B1 (de) 2000-05-23 2008-01-02 Nivesh SA Mehrfach-energieturbine ohne aufladung
US20040079321A1 (en) * 2002-03-22 2004-04-29 Roxan Saint-Hilaire Quasiturbine (Qurbine) rotor with central annular support and ventilation
WO2004070169A1 (en) 2003-02-10 2004-08-19 Gilles Saint-Hilaire Rotary engine
WO2005106204A1 (en) 2004-04-30 2005-11-10 Okulov Paul D Balanced rotary internal combustion engine or cycling volume machine
FR2911631A1 (fr) 2007-01-19 2008-07-25 Philippe Kuzdzal Moteur rotatif a losange deformable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2010031927A1 (fr) 2010-03-25
EP2334906A1 (de) 2011-06-22
FR2936272A1 (fr) 2010-03-26
DK2334906T3 (en) 2016-05-02
US9523276B2 (en) 2016-12-20
EP3045656B1 (de) 2017-12-20
EP2334906B1 (de) 2016-01-27
FR2936272B1 (fr) 2012-07-13
US20110236240A1 (en) 2011-09-29

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