EP3045372B1 - Amortisseur à friction amélioré par ressort supporté par un joint - Google Patents

Amortisseur à friction amélioré par ressort supporté par un joint Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3045372B1
EP3045372B1 EP16151889.9A EP16151889A EP3045372B1 EP 3045372 B1 EP3045372 B1 EP 3045372B1 EP 16151889 A EP16151889 A EP 16151889A EP 3045372 B1 EP3045372 B1 EP 3045372B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spring
axle
friction
car
slanting
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Active
Application number
EP16151889.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3045372A1 (fr
Inventor
Eero Jaakola
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VR-YHTYMAE Oy
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Vr Yhtymae Oy
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/30—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/301—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes incorporating metal springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/30—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/32—Guides, e.g. plates, for axle-boxes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a suspension of a wheelset of a railway car.
  • railway-car bogie and wheelset solutions are intended to attach the wheelsets flexibly and permit the axles to rotate and be steered according to the rails of the track.
  • the flexes and movements of the structure must be suitably controlled and damped, so that uncontrolled movements will not take place within the operating speed range of the cars.
  • the movements must be in all conditions as similar as possible, while there can be no deviations or variations in the kinetic forces. Detrimental variation can be caused, for example, by the formation of ice or rime on the guide or damper surfaces, in which case the forces and coefficients of friction affecting their movements will change uncontrollably.
  • bogie and wheelset solutions are known.
  • One solution for guiding sets of wheels is disclosed in United States patent application US2009/0031918 .
  • at least some of the bogie's springs are supported at their upper end on a convex head-cup surface.
  • the solution described is stated to improve transverse and longitudinal stiffness and friction properties. In this way hunting and wheel wear are reduced. Attempts have also been made to improve controllability by means of various elastomeric dampers and supports.
  • Document GB 2448804 A discloses a suspension including a bogie pedestal, an axle box and suspension springs arranged such that the axle box supports load exerted on the pedestal via the springs.
  • the suspension includes at least one wedge element urged, by means of the springs, into engagement with a corresponding inclined face of the pedestal and a vertical face of the axle box. This engagement causes damping of axle box movements.
  • the wedge element(s) is/are urged resiliently in opposing directions into frictional slidable contact at the face(s) by means of additional preset spring(s) acting via plunger(s) and mounted on the pedestal. This further urging is independent of the load carried by the springs and provides improved suspension characteristics.
  • the preset spring(s) could be on the axle box to pull the wedge(s) to contact the vertical face(s).
  • the springs can be gas springs, elastomers or magnetically actuated.
  • a suspension of a wheelset of a railway car including at least one wheelset comprising at least one axle, together with wheels, bearings, and axle boxes, helical springs fitted to the ends of the axle on both sides of the axle's axle box, in order to support the frame of the railway car or the frame of a bogie of the railway car, and further including a slider on the side of the upper end of each helical spring and arranged to be moveably attached to the axle's axle box, and in which there is at least one curved guide surface, which curved guide surface is cylindrical and has at least one radius of curvature around an axis parallel to the axle of the wheelset, a friction damper fitted to the upper end of the helical springs, which comprises a counter surface supported on the curved guide surface of the slider of the axle box, the shape of which corresponds to the shape of the curved guide surface, a spring plate, which contains a head cup for supporting the upper end of the helical spring,
  • One special feature of the invention is intended to create a friction damper, the damping response of which can be better forecast than previously, irrespective of the running situation and conditions and the operation of which can, if necessary, be adjusted.
  • the intention is to create a friction damper, the damping of which can be adjusted and/or altered with the aid of the adjustment of a spring.
  • the invention is based on helical springs being used in the support of at least one wheelset, and a slider, in which there is at least one curved guide surface, which guide surface has at least one radius of curvature relative to the axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the wheelset, being fitted to the side of the upper end of each helical spring, and set to be supported on the axle box of the axle.
  • a friction damper is arranged, the shape of which corresponds to the shape of the guide surface for supporting the spring plate of the upper end of the spring, and at least one planar slanting friction surface, which is arranged to correspond to a similar counter surface in the frame of the bogie/car.
  • At least one spring element by means of which a spring force parallel to the slanting friction surface is formed, is fitted between the slider and the fixed support surface relative to the slider.
  • the friction damper there is at least one pin, which is attached to the body of the friction damper, at least one threaded counter sleeve, which is attached to the frame of the bogie/car, at least one threaded adjustment pin, which corresponds to the threaded counter sleeve, and at least one return spring, which is fitted between the pin and adjustment pin of the friction damper's body in such a way that the pins and spring are arranged parallel to the planar friction surface, in such a way that the spring permits movement parallel to the plane of the friction surface.
  • an adjustment element in the frame of the bogie/car for altering the pre-tensioning of the spring.
  • the return spring is a helical spring or similar spring element based on deformation.
  • the return spring is a gas or liquid spring, or similar spring element based on a change in pressure.
  • the pre-tensioning or spring force parallel to the slanting friction surfaces prevents the friction surfaces from sticking and at the same time ensures that the slider presses against the axle box and that continuous contact between the slider and the friction damper is preserved.
  • the direction of movement and spring force of the spring can be arranged to be parallel to the slanting friction surfaces, so that the direction of their effect is the same and the combined effect can be easily controlled.
  • a significant advantage of some of the embodiments of the invention is that with the aid of them the angle of tilt of the wedge can be altered. This is important, because a steep angle of the slanting friction surfaces can lead to an excessively reduced vertical load and an uncontrolled steering response. With a small wedge angle, on the other hand, there is a greater danger of the movement of the friction surfaces sticking, or an otherwise uneven movement response. This problem can be controlled with the aid of a preset spring force or a dampened spring force.
  • the present invention is intended primarily for use in the bogies and wheelsets of railway cars. It can also be adapted to similar applications in other railway rolling stock.
  • Figure 1 shows the support of a wheel set of a railway car, seen from the end of the axle 1.
  • On the axle is a centre point 14 marked by an arrow and the longitudinal axis of the wheelset runs through this point.
  • the axle 1 and the wheels 12 (2 items) form an axle set.
  • the axle set and the axle boxes 2 (2 items) with their bearings 13 form correspondingly a wheelset.
  • the wheel pair and the opposite sides of the suspension are symmetrical.
  • In the friction damper supported by a joint in order to form support for a wheelset of a railway car there is at least one axle 1 with wheels 12, bearings 13, and axle boxes 2, as well as helical springs 3 fitted to the axle box at both sides of the axle 1 on at least both ends of the axle 1, in order to carry the railway car.
  • the helical springs 3 can be supported either on support points in the car, i.e. on the frame 4 of the car, or on the frame 4 of the bogie, which in turn supports the railway car.
  • the axle box 2 In the axle box 2, there are head-cup plates 5, on which the helical springs 3 fitted between the axle box 2 and the bogie's/car's frame 4 are received.
  • the axle box 2 can also consist of several components, for example, a bearing housing and a saddle, which contain head-cup surfaces for the springs.
  • the bearing housing then comprises only a counter surface for the bearing of the axle and vertical guide surfaces of the saddle. These pieces are supported on each other in such a way that they can move, according to the situation, relative to each other slighting in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
  • the friction damper comprises a slider 6, in which there is a first guide surface 7 and a second guide surface 15 supported on the axle box 2 (in the second alternative embodiment 19, Figure 2 ), fitted moveably to the axle box 2 of the axle 1 on the side of the upper end of every helical spring 3.
  • the guide surface 7 is pointing away from the axle box.
  • the sliding surface of the other guide surface 15 is planar, as is the head-cup surface 18 of its axle box 2, a second alternative embodiment of the second guide surface being shown in Figure 2 .
  • the first guide surface 7 is formed of at least one curved surface, which forms the guide surface 7 and which guide surface 7 has at least one radius of curvature around the axis parallel to the longitudinal axle of the wheelset.
  • This guide surface can advantageously be cylindrical.
  • a cylindrical guide surface supports the spring plate 9 against lateral torsion.
  • the friction damper comprises a counter surface 8 supporting the guide surface 7 of the slider 6 of the axle box 2, the shape of which corresponds to the shape of the guide surface 7 and the head-cup surface 17 of the spring plate 9, in order to support the upper end of the spring 3.
  • At the upper end of the friction damper there is, on the opposite side of the head-cup surface 17 of the spring plate 9, at least one planar slanting friction surface 10, which is arranged to correspond to the similar counter surface 11 in the frame of the bogie/car 4.
  • the slant of these surfaces relative to the horizontal can vary, and the surfaces or at least one of them can be surfaced, hardened, or otherwise treated in order to created suitable friction properties.
  • the slider 6 is supported against the side of the axle box 2, but does not prevent the axle box 2 from moving vertically.
  • the movements of the wheelset seek to rotate the axle box 2 around its vertical axis relative to the frame of the bogie/car 4, and the movements of the axle box 2 and the spring 3 correspondingly tend to move the slider 6 and the friction damper's spring plate 9 arranged against it.
  • the helical spring 3 conforms well to lateral movement, and thus the helical spring 3 continues to press the slanting friction surface 10 of the friction damper evenly on the slanting counter surface 11 of the frame of the bogie/car 4, irrespective of the movements of the axle box, and the friction surface 10 and the counter-surface 11 remain precisely against each other, and a gap cannot form between them.
  • the spring plate 9 remains horizontal despite the movements, whereas the head-cup plates 5 of the springs of the axle box 2 can move according to the movements of the axle box 2 caused by the steering of the wheels 12. Due to this, the slanting surfaces are continuously in a planar contact with each other.
  • the friction force between the surfaces remains constant and rime, ice, or dirt cannot collect between the surfaces, which could hinder the movement of the friction surfaces and thus the travel of the bogie/car.
  • the surface pressure in the movement surface 15 between the axle box 2 and the slider 6 remains even and the surfaces remain in parallel. This is made possible by the cylindrical curved surface acting as a pivot or bearing.
  • the operation of the friction damper can be influenced by dimensioning.
  • the radius R of the cylinder surface 7 and its head-cup surface 8 the distance between the starting point of the radius R and the sliding surface of the axle box, and the eccentricity of the starting point of the radius R and the support force acting on the cylinder surface, as well as well as changes relative to the angle ⁇ relative to the vertical of the axle box 2 and the slider's movement surface 15, and the angle ⁇ of the slanting friction surface 10 and the slanting counter surface 11, can affect the surface pressures and damping.
  • the surface pressure between the cylindrical curved surfaces 7 and 8 are adjusted and, with the aid of the distance between the starting point of the radius R and the sliding surface of the axle box and the eccentricity of the starting point of radius R and the support force acting on the cylinder surface, the surface pressure between the curved surfaces 7 and 8 and the planar surfaces 10 and 11 can be adjusted.
  • the angle ⁇ relative to the vertical of the axle box 2 and the movement surface of the slider and of the angle ⁇ relative to the horizontal of the slanting friction surface 10 and the slanting counter surface 11 the changing of the damping relative to the load can be influenced.
  • damping is created on the basis of the kinetic friction between the friction surface 10 and its counter surface 11 and partly of the kinetic friction between the slider 6 and the axle box 2.
  • the friction damper of Figure 1 there is, in addition, at least one core 26, which is attached to the body 22 of the friction damper, and at least one counter sleeve 24, which is attached to the frame 4 of the bogie/car. At least one adjustment pin 25, which is supported on the threaded counter sleeve 24. At least one spring element 16 is fitted between the core 26 and the adjustment pin 25, in such a way that the core 26 of the friction damper, the adjustment pin 25, and the spring 16 are arranged in parallel with the planar friction surfaces 10 and 11, in such a way that the spring 16 permits movement parallel to the friction surface 10, 11.
  • the spring can be any element whatever creating a suitable spring force, such as a helical spring, a plate spring, a rubber spring, a gas spring, or a hydrospring.
  • a thread is formed in the counter sleeve 24, with the aid of which the pre-tensioning of the spring can be adjusted.
  • a change in pressure can be used as the adjustment element or adjustment element based on electrical positioning.
  • the spring mechanism is formed on a conical adjustment pin 25 and a threaded counter sleeve 24 attached to the frame 4 of the bogie/car. The adjustment pin 25 and the core 26 of the friction damper guide the spring 16 into place, but also permit it a small degree of lateral movement.
  • the friction damper is made to act over a wider angle range than without a spring.
  • the angle ⁇ of the slanting friction surfaces relative to the horizontal can be 18 - 25°, or even 30°.
  • a longitudinal movement can easily take place, which can be controlled with the aid of the spring.
  • the surface pressure is reduced, which, together with the reduction in unnecessary movement increases the durability, service interval, and service life of the friction damper.
  • the spring also prevents the jamming of the slanting friction surfaces, so that the axle remaining in a curved position when leaving a curve is prevented and the travel of the car is more stable.
  • the tension of the spring is set according to the empty car, in such a way that the rebound is not too stiff, but the spring force is nevertheless sufficient to prevent jamming.
  • the spring slightly increases vertical damping and lightens the wheel weight, which must be taken into account when designing the bogie and in installing and adjusting the spring.
  • the spring force is set by dimensioning for the spring of the friction damper the same spring force, which is set for the base plate and locking it with a lock nut or other suitable locking element.
  • the adjustment of the spring can change and it is indeed worth adjusting according to the wear in the bogie. Adjustment can be performed mechanically with the aid of pre-tensioning or by altering the gas pressure of a gas-filled spring such as a nitrogen spring.
  • Figure 2 shows a second alternative embodiment of the construction of the spring element and its adjustment.
  • the spring body 23 is a unified bar, on the shaft of which two flanges 27 are fitted.
  • the flanges 27 are supported on the body of the spring plate 9 and in this embodiment on the counter component 29 acts as a counter surface 8 and on the frame 4 of the bogie/car.
  • the spring 16 is a sleeve-like rubber spring, which is fitted between the flanges 27 around the bar of the spring body 23.
  • the spring mechanism of the return spring comprises at least one spring plate 28 inside the friction damper 22 for supporting the return spring's 16 support flange 27, as well as at least one threaded counter sleeve 24 attached to the frame of the bogie/car for supporting the adjustment pin 25.
  • the friction surfaces of the damper according to the invention can be made, for example, of tempered steel, with the counter surface being of fibre-reinforced nylon, reinforced rubber, or cast iron.
  • the friction-surface pairs or guide-surface pairs can be made from other materials too, which have sufficient strength in the desired surface pressure and suitable friction properties.
  • a construction is depicted in the example of Figure 1 , in which there is one spring 3 on each side of the axle box. In addition to these, there can be several springs in the construction, if required by the load-bearing capacity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Suspension d'une paire de roues d'une voiture de chemin de fer comprenant :
    - au moins une paire de roues comprenant au moins un essieu (1), conjointement avec des roues (12), des paliers (13) et des boîtes d'essieux (2),
    - des ressorts hélicoïdaux (3) montés aux extrémités de l'essieu (1) sur les deux côtés de la boîte d'essieu (2) de l'essieu (1) afin de supporter le châssis de la voiture de chemin de fer ou le châssis (4) d'un bogie de la voiture de chemin de fer,
    caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend en outre :
    - un coulisseau (6) sur le côté de l'extrémité supérieure de chaque ressort hélicoïdal (3) et agencé pour être fixé de manière mobile à la boîte d'essieu (2) de l'essieu (1) et dans lequel il y a au moins une surface de guidage incurvée (7), laquelle surface de guidage incurvée (7) est cylindrique et a au moins un rayon de courbure autour d'un axe parallèle à l'essieu de la paire de roues,
    - un amortisseur de frottement (22) monté à l'extrémité supérieure des ressorts hélicoïdaux (3) qui comprend une contre-surface (8) supportée sur la surface de guidage (7) du coulisseau (6) de la boîte d'essieu (2), dont la forme correspond à la forme de la surface de guidage incurvée (7), une plaque élastique (9) qui contient une coupelle de tête (17) pour supporter l'extrémité supérieure du ressort hélicoïdal (3) et au moins une surface de frottement planaire inclinée (10) qui est agencée pour être supportée sur une contre-surface planaire inclinée (11) dans le châssis du bogie ou de la voiture (4) et pour correspondre à cette contre-surface inclinée (11), et
    - au moins un ressort (16) qui est agencé en parallèle avec la contre-surface planaire inclinée (11) dans le châssis (4) du bogie ou de la voiture et la surface de frottement inclinée (10) de l'amortisseur de frottement en sorte de créer une force élastique parallèle au plan de la surface de frottement inclinée (10), le ressort (16) étant agencé pour être monté entre l'amortisseur de frottement (22) et le châssis (4) du bogie ou de la voiture.
  2. Suspension selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par :
    - au moins un cœur (26) qui est supporté sur l'amortisseur de frottement (22),
    - au moins un contre-manchon fileté (24) qui est fixé au châssis (4) du bogie ou de la voiture et
    - au moins une goupille d'ajustement (25) qui est supportée sur le contre-manchon fileté (24),
    - au moins un élément élastique (16) qui est monté entre le cœur (26) et la goupille d'ajustement (25) et dans lequel :
    - le cœur (26) de l'amortisseur de frottement, la goupille d'ajustement (25) et le ressort (16) sont agencés en parallèle avec la surface de frottement planaire inclinée (10) de manière que le ressort (16) permette un déplacement parallèle au plan de la surface de frottement (10).
  3. Suspension selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que son mécanisme élastique comprend un élément d'ajustement pour modifier la pré-tension du ressort (16).
  4. Suspension selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-3, caractérisée en ce que l'élément d'ajustement est un filet.
  5. Suspension selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-4, caractérisée en ce que le ressort (16) est un ressort hélicoïdal ou un élément élastique similaire basé sur la déformation.
  6. Suspension selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-5, caractérisée en ce que le ressort (16) est un ressort à gaz ou un hydroressort ou encore un élément élastique similaire basé sur un changement de pression.
  7. Suspension selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-6, caractérisée en ce que l'élément d'ajustement est un élément d'ajustement de pression.
EP16151889.9A 2015-01-19 2016-01-19 Amortisseur à friction amélioré par ressort supporté par un joint Active EP3045372B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20155039 2015-01-19

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EP3045372A1 EP3045372A1 (fr) 2016-07-20
EP3045372B1 true EP3045372B1 (fr) 2020-02-26

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Families Citing this family (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112918502A (zh) * 2021-03-29 2021-06-08 中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司 轴箱悬挂装置、转向架及铁路货车

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10023039A1 (de) * 2000-05-11 2001-11-15 Daimler Chrysler Ag Fahrwerk eines Schienenfahrzeuges mit radial einstellbaren Radsätzen
US20020092440A1 (en) * 2000-09-11 2002-07-18 Paul Hewitt Railcar Truck
GB0500236D0 (en) 2005-01-07 2005-02-16 Wagon Rail Interface Technolog Railway bogies
GB0708257D0 (en) * 2007-04-28 2007-06-06 Sct Europ Ltd Suspension for a rail vehicle

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