EP3041909A1 - Holzwerkstoffprodukt oder naturfaser-verbundwerkstoffprodukt und verwendung eines formaldehydfreien aminoplastharzes zu deren herstellung - Google Patents
Holzwerkstoffprodukt oder naturfaser-verbundwerkstoffprodukt und verwendung eines formaldehydfreien aminoplastharzes zu deren herstellungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3041909A1 EP3041909A1 EP14738379.8A EP14738379A EP3041909A1 EP 3041909 A1 EP3041909 A1 EP 3041909A1 EP 14738379 A EP14738379 A EP 14738379A EP 3041909 A1 EP3041909 A1 EP 3041909A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- formaldehyde
- amine
- wood
- resin
- natural fiber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J161/00—Adhesives based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J161/20—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
- C09J161/26—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with heterocyclic compounds
- C09J161/28—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with heterocyclic compounds with melamine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G12/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
- C08G12/02—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes
- C08G12/26—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with heterocyclic compounds
- C08G12/30—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with heterocyclic compounds with substituted triazines
- C08G12/32—Melamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
- C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J161/00—Adhesives based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J161/20—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
Definitions
- Wood product or natural fiber composite product and use of a formaldehyde-free aminoplast resin for their preparation Wood product or natural fiber composite product and use of a formaldehyde-free aminoplast resin for their preparation
- the invention relates to a wood-based product or natural fiber composite product of at least one lignocellulosic and / or cellulose-containing or natural fiber material, which was provided with an adhesive and cured or crosslinked in the desired form, and the use of a formaldehyde-free aminoplast resin for producing such wood panel.
- Natural fiber composites, or natural fiber reinforced plastics are composites of a polymer or a matrix (thermosets, thermoplastics or combinations) and natural fibers and / or synthetic fibers. Natural fiber-reinforced composite materials or plastics have considerable market potential in vehicle construction (passenger cars, commercial vehicles, rail-bound vehicles), boat building, furniture and interior fittings. In the German automotive industry, the production of large-area natural fiber reinforced plastics for the interior takes place more than 90% after the compression molding process. About 60% of these natural fiber molded parts have a duroplastic matrix.
- Thermosets include the aminoplasts (e.g., urea and melamine-formaldehyde resins), phenolic resins (e.g., phenol-formaldehyde resins), epoxy resins, polyacrylates, polyurethanes, and other crosslinked polymers.
- aminoplasts e.g., urea and melamine-formaldehyde resins
- phenolic resins e.g., phenol-formaldehyde resins
- epoxy resins e.g., polyacrylates, polyurethanes, and other crosslinked polymers.
- Wood-based materials are mainly used in the construction and furniture industry.
- wood-based materials are used in vehicle construction and as packaging material.
- the wood materials include e.g. Plywood, particleboard and fibreboard, scrims, wood-polymer materials (WPC), engineered wood products such as Oriented Strand Boards (OSB), Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL), Veneer Strip Wood (Parallel Strand Lumber [PSL]), support systems, I-beams and honeycomb panels with a core of paper, aluminum, etc. and a cover layer, eg of plywood or fiberboard.
- WPC wood-polymer materials
- OSB Oriented Strand Boards
- LDL Laminated Veneer Lumber
- PSL Veneer Strip Wood
- support systems I-beams and honeycomb panels with a core of paper, aluminum, etc. and a cover layer, eg of plywood or fiberboard.
- CONFIRMATION COPY Composite materials are particles of wood, annual and perennial plants, secondary residues such as waste wood, waste paper, production residues and lignocellulose-containing residues from agriculture, eg straw or hemp shives.
- the particles are usually assembled by means of an adhesive to form a composite material.
- the composites usually contain additives such as hydrophobing, flame retardants, curing accelerators, adhesion promoters, formaldehyde scavengers, dyes and surface-active substances to obtain certain properties of the material.
- UF resin urea-formaldehyde resin
- UF resins Inside, more than 90% of the wood materials are bound with UF resin.
- UF resins also have disadvantages such as increased brittleness, limited moisture resistance and formaldehyde emission.
- mUF or MUF resins melamine
- resin combinations e.g., UF resin and polymeric diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate [PMDI]
- PF resins alkaline-curing phenol-formaldehyde resins
- MUF resins MUF resins
- adhesives based on polymeric diisocyanate (PMDI) are used.
- the PF resins release formaldehyde in small amounts.
- wood materials with mixed resins of various reaction components containing phenol e.g., MUPF resins
- PMDI is formaldehyde-free and suitable for the bonding of particles, but not without modification for surface bonding.
- MF resins formaldehyde with melamine
- RF resins resorcinol
- TF resins tannin
- Melamine-formaldehyde resins are widely used as impregnating resins for decorative paper coating of wood-based materials.
- Adhesives based on renewable raw materials such as lignins, tannins, polysaccharides such as starch, fatty acids, proteins have so far not been able to assert themselves for reasons of both technology and availability; to a limited extent, they are used as extenders for synthetic resins (eg tannin or lignin in phenol-formaldehyde resin, soy protein in combination with polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin resin [PAE resin]).
- synthetic resins eg tannin or lignin in phenol-formaldehyde resin, soy protein in combination with polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin resin [PAE resin]
- Cement-bonded chipboard according to DIN EN 634-2 . consist of about 60 vol.% Of wood chips and about 40 vol.% Of cement and additives. The composite of the wood chips takes place by the setting of the mineral substance components. The same applies to particleboard and fiberboard containing gypsum or magnesite as an inorganic component.
- Another inorganic binder for chipboard and fiberboard is waterglass, which are sodium and potassium silicates or their aqueous solutions.
- Laminate flooring elements consist of at least four layers, a chipboard, a high-density (HDF) or medium-density fiberboard (MDF), as well as a room-side coating of the panels, typically consisting of several layers of high quality paper impregnated with a transparent melamine resin. Furthermore, there is a so-called Gegenzugpapier back. For the impregnation of the decorative paper urea-formaldehyde resin (UF resin) and then melamine-formaldehyde resin is often used in a two-stage process for cost reasons.
- the surface film (protective function) is usually melamine-formaldehyde resin.
- the adhesives may contribute directly (formaldehyde-containing adhesives) and / or indirectly through interaction between the adhesive and the lignocellulose to emit formaldehyde and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
- VOCs volatile organic compounds
- wood-based materials currently contain predominantly formaldehyde-containing adhesives.
- the formaldehyde release of wood-based materials and products made from them is currently regulated by law in Germany to a compensation concentration of max.
- Formaldehyde has been classified by the European Union in the regulation on the classification, packaging and labeling of hazardous substances from category 3 (substances with possible carcinogenic effects) to category 2 (substances that are considered to be carcinogenic) (EU Directives, 2004 / 73 / EC 2004, EU Regulation No. 1272/2008).
- Category 1 B Substances which are thought to be carcinogenic in humans
- Hope P. 2012 Formaldehyde in the European Regulatory Area, 8th European Wood-based Panel Symposium, 12.10.2012, Hannover, Coutrot D. 2012, Formaldehyde Situation in Europe: a French view: 8th European Wood-based Panel Symposium 12.10.2012, Hannover, Fischer J. 2013: Very different sector development: Holz-Zentralblatt 21: 499).
- Numerous research papers include methods for reducing formaldehyde release, such as B. medium-density fiberboard (MDF) for digestion of the wood under alkaline conditions, the treatment of wood chips with formaldehyde-binding substances prior to the thermo-mechanical pulping and removal of the resulting from thermo-mechanical wood pulping degradation products from carbohydrates.
- MDF medium-density fiberboard
- the formaldehyde release of wood-based products can be reduced by the use of utility plates or bark, the variation of the type of wood, the moisture of the wood particles, the plate construction, the pressing conditions, etc.
- Formaldehyde-free adhesives which are already used or can be used in composite materials include, for example, polymeric diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (PMDI), polyurethanes, EPI adhesives, adhesives based on polyamides. polyacrylamides, polyethylene, polyesters, polyvinyl acetates, epoxides, organofunctional silanes, cyclic urea, renewable raw materials such as starch, protein, lignin, fatty acids, latex or other biopolymers and inorganic binders.
- PMDI polymeric diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate
- EPI adhesives adhesives based on polyamides.
- polyacrylamides polyethylene, polyesters, polyvinyl acetates, epoxides, organofunctional silanes, cyclic urea, renewable raw materials such as starch, protein, lignin, fatty acids, latex or other biopol
- PMDI The disadvantage of PMDI is the high price, the necessary use of emulsifiers or special dosing and gluing techniques and release agents, the need for higher occupational safety measures and limited availability.
- One-component polyurethanes are often highly viscous, need to be diluted with organic solvents, and exposed to high temperatures for curing.
- 2-component polyurethanes require a complex working behavior due to two components and have a very short service life. Overall, the cost is high and there is the safety risk of unbound isocyanate monomers.
- the safety risk is due to unpolymerized acrylamide, which is toxic.
- Polyvinyl acetates have a thermoplastic behavior and are sensitive to creep of the bondline. The curing can only take place at relatively low temperatures, so that PVAC can be used only in the cover layer or in thin plates.
- Epoxies require resin and hardener, which must be present in an exact mixing ratio, moreover, the polyaddition is highly exothermic, so there is a risk of fire.
- the service life is very short, epoxies are irritating, environmentally hazardous, so that a special protective equipment is required during handling.
- the adhesive is not recyclable, the applications are limited.
- silanvernetzten polymer adhesives or organofunctional silanes is difficult because of the viscoelastic property.
- Renewable raw materials have varying properties with mostly low reactivity. Availability is not always guaranteed, the costs are comparatively high and ready-to-use forms of delivery are rare.
- amino resins UF, mUF or MUF resins
- the invention was based on the object to develop wood-based products with formaldehyde-free amino resins, in which the manufacturing conditions and the mechanical and hygrischen material properties as possible correspond to the formaldehyde-containing aminoplast resin-bonded materials.
- aldehydes are available in principle for the preparation of formaldehyde-free aminoplast resins, such as, for example, Acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, acrolein, crotonaldehyde, glyoxal, furfuraldehyde, etc.
- Formaldehyde-free resins as adhesives for wood-based materials or decorative papers based on urea or cyclic urea (ethyleneurea) are listed in some patents.
- US-A-4,395,504 discloses a formaldehyde-free binder for making particleboard from a cyclic urea, e.g. Ethylene urea and glyoxal in a molar ratio of 1, 1 1, 5: 1 described.
- US-A-4,906,727 discloses a urea-aldehyde condensate for surface coatings obtained by reacting urea or certain alkylene urethanes with certain aldehydes (including formaldehyde).
- US-A-4,220,751 discloses a resin for surface coatings of urea or urea derivatives and certain monoaldehydes (e.g., alkyl, aryl-aldehyde).
- DE 691 03 847 12 describes the preparation and use of ethyleneurea / glutaraldehyde resin or urea / ethyleneurea / glutaraldehyde resin in wood-based materials.
- the molar ratio of ethylene urea to glutaraldehyde can vary between 0.3 and 3.5. With this resin, a catalyst is not required to achieve the appropriate cure and bond strength.
- US-A-4,906,726 describes resins for surface coatings of two components, on the one hand a mixture of polyaldehydes (glyoxal or glutaraldehyde or derivatives thereof) and a water-dispersible component (eg epoxy resin emulsion, synthetic latex) and on the other hand, a reaction product of eg urea Formaldehyde ether monomer, a polyamine and calcium, strontium or barium oxide or hydroxide.
- polyaldehydes glycoxal or glutaraldehyde or derivatives thereof
- a water-dispersible component eg epoxy resin emulsion, synthetic latex
- Wood raw material 55 9-12 replace formaldehyde with suc- cinaldehyde, a dialdehyde with a short hydrocarbon chain. Further, propionaldehyde (Mansouri, HR and Pizzi, A. 2006: Urea-formaldehyde-propionaldehyde physical gelation resins for improved swelling in water, J. Appl. Polym., Sci.
- glyoxal Due to the structure, similarly high crosslinking densities are to be expected as in the previously known formaldehyde-based melamine resins. Reactions of glyoxal with melamine, however, lead to a cross-linked product during the addition, since up to 3 molecules of aldehyde can attach to one molecule of melamine under similar reaction conditions. Dialdehyde-based resins, which by themselves promise high network density with melamine, are not storable and unsuitable for commercial use in relevant applications.
- the literature discusses the possibility of unilaterally providing glyoxal with protecting groups, e.g. in DE 103 22 107 B4. However, the introduction of such protective groups is expensive and only partially conceivable for commercial products for the production of wood-based materials.
- Formaldehyde-free urea and melamine adhesives based on dimethoxyethanal (DME) were used for laboratory particleboard (Despres A., Pizzi, A., Vu C, Delmotte L. 2010: Colourless formaldehyde-free urea resin adhesives for wood panels.
- DME dimethoxyethanal
- Dimethoxyethanal is a derivative of glyoxal that is colorless and non-volatile.
- DME dimethyl methacrylate
- urea urea
- melamine melamine
- precursors of amino resin were prepared.
- crosslinking reaction of urea with DME was present, it was too slow to meet the requirements for adhesives for wood-based materials.
- Crosslinking was improved by adding 14% to 20% polymeric diisocyanate (PMDI).
- PMDI polymeric diisocyanate
- With a relatively high pressing time of 17 s / mm ... 42 s / mm plate thickness, an adhesive content of 7% ... 10% (solid resin based on dry wood) and a pressing temperature of 93 ° C chipboard were manufactured Transverse tensile strength meet the requirements of the standard for indoor panels.
- melamine-DME precursors were mixed in a mixture of 5% to 16.5% PMDI, 26.5% latex. 16.5% PMDI and 5% glyoxylic acid (based on melamine-DME + latex) used as adhesive for chipboard.
- the manufacturing conditions for the plates were 8% ... 9% adhesive, 20 s / mm ... 43 s / mm plate thickness pressing time, 193 ° C pressing temperature.
- a sufficient transverse tensile strength was only achieved with very long process times of 34 s / mm, which are not acceptable for the industry.
- urea resins based on glyoxal e.g. for crease-resistant finishing of textiles, described in DE 30 41 580 T2.
- urea resins based on formaldehyde This particularly concerns discolorations and problems with the stability of the resins.
- protective groups are frequently used here in order to limit the reactivity (Despres A., Pizzi, A., Vu C, Delmotte L. 2010: Colourless formaldehyde-free urea resin adhesives for wood panels. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 68: 13-20).
- the object of the present invention is to provide a wood-based product or natural fiber composite product that is easy to manufacture and emits less polluting substances.
- this object is achieved by a wood-based product or natural fiber composite product having the features of the main claim and the use of formaldehyde-free amino resins based on a reactive protective group and a dialdehyde as a network former.
- Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are disclosed in the subclaims, the descriptions and the tables.
- the wood-based product or natural fiber composite product of at least one natural fiber-containing or lignocellulosic and / or cellulosic material provided with an adhesive and cured or crosslinked in the desired form provides that the adhesive is a formaldehyde-free aminoplast resin based on a reactive protecting group a dialdehyde is formed as a network former.
- Wood, chipboard and fiberboard, scrimber, wood-polymer materials (WPC), engineered wood products such as Oriented Strand Boards (OSB), Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL), veneer strip wood can be used as wood-based materials (Strand Strand Lumber [PSL]), girder systems, I-beams and honeycomb panels with a core of paper, aluminum, etc., and a top layer, eg of plywood or fiberboard. other than plate-shaped products, for example, molding products or the like.
- Natural fiber composites, or natural fiber reinforced plastics (NFK) are composites of a polymer or a matrix (thermosets, thermoplastics or combinations) and natural fibers and / or synthetic fibers. If the following is spoken of a wood-based product, the statements apply accordingly for products that have natural fiber composites, or natural fiber reinforced plastics, ie for natural fiber composite products. Natural fiber composites may also be formed as plates or shaped bodies.
- the adhesive as a formaldehyde-free aminoplast resin based on a reactive protective group and a dialdehyde as a network former envisages that the amine, for example melamine, dicyandiamide, benzoguanamine or acetylenediurea, is first partially dissolved by addition of glyoxylic acid.
- the monoaldehyde reacts with the amine and forms a protective group for further additions.
- the solution thus almost exclusively contains monoamines. It is dosed dialdehyde, so that there is only a small concentration of unreacted dialdehyde in the mixture. Conditions are set in which the equilibrium reaction of the addition and removal of the aldehyde to the amine is faster than the subsequent condensation.
- dialdehydes are incorporated into the dissolved part of the resin in exchange for monoaldehydes. After installation, even monoaldehydes form. The released in the equilibrium reaction monoaldehyde can be attached to amines again. On the undissolved constituents, only a monoaldehyde can attach. No insoluble passivation layers can form on the solid surface of the amines.
- melamine, benzoguanamine, dicyandiamide and acetylene diurea are capable of similar dissolution rates as in the preparation of the corresponding formaldehyde resins.
- the monoaldehydes increase the solubility of the amines and act as entrainers in the continuous phase. By doing so, not only can oligomers with very short sequences be formed, but free aldehydes bound in the resin system also increase the reactivity of the resin.
- the resin system thus continues to contain free aldehydes. which increases the reactivity of the systems to such an extent that the reactivity of formaldehyde-based resins can be achieved or even exceeded.
- thermosets whose reactivity corresponds to that of formaldehyde-poor UF resins.
- the adhesive is miscible with water and can be used on conventional systems without conversion measures.
- the wood-based product or natural fiber composite product may be single-layer or multi-layered or formed as a multilayer composite material, wherein the aminoplast resin is used in at least one layer.
- the formaldehyde-free aminoplast resin can be used as a decor or surface coating or for fixing a decorative layer or a wear-resistant layer. This makes it possible to glue decors, such as decorative films or decor papers or cover a decor.
- the formaldehyde-free amino resins can also be used after the printing of decors as wear protection layer, optionally with the addition of wear protection components, such as corundum.
- the wood-base product or natural-fiber composite product may also contain, in addition to lignocellulose-containing or cellulose-containing fractions, materials which are not made from renewable raw materials, for example polystyrenes, polyurethane foams, plastics, synthetic fibers, aramids or intumescent elements.
- Wood, annual and perennial crops as well as residual and recycling materials, such as paper are used.
- the wood-based product or natural-fiber composite product can also be designed as a single-layer or multi-layer, wherein layers of non-cellulose-containing or non-lignocellulose-containing materials can also be provided in the case of multilayer wood-based products or natural-fiber composite products, resulting in a composite material of the wood-based material product or natural fiber Composite material product and the other materials.
- the design as a composite material increases the possible uses of the end product.
- a variant of the invention provides that the aminoplast resin is used as the sole adhesive. As a result, the Formaldehyd cluster is excluded.
- formaldehyde-free aminoplast resin As an alternative to a sole use of the formaldehyde-free aminoplast resin, it is provided that a combination with formaldehyde-containing or formaldehyde-free other organic adhesives is used.
- formaldehyde-containing adhesives z.
- urea, melamine, phenol or resorcinol formaldehyde resins are used.
- fomaldehyde-containing adhesives based on renewable raw materials such as lignin, tannin, protein, starch, fatty acids, latex or mixtures thereof can be used.
- the formaldehyde-free organic adhesives may be formed as polymeric diisocyanate (PMDI), emulsion polymer isocyanate (EPI), polyurethane, epoxy resin, polyvinyl acetate, silane crosslinked polymers and adhesives based on renewable raw materials or mixtures thereof.
- PMDI polymeric diisocyanate
- EPI emulsion polymer isocyanate
- polyurethane epoxy resin
- epoxy resin polyvinyl acetate
- silane crosslinked polymers silane crosslinked polymers and adhesives based on renewable raw materials or mixtures thereof.
- the aminoplast resin based on a reactive protective group and a dialdehyde is used as a network former in combination with an inorganic binder such as gypsum, magnisite, cement and / or water glass, the aminoplast resin thus having at least one inorganic binder.
- an inorganic binder such as gypsum, magnisite, cement and / or water glass
- the formaldehyde-free aminoplast resin based on a reactive protective group and a dialdehyde as a network former can be used in solid, liquid, foamed or intumescent form.
- the wood-based product or natural-fiber composite product may have functional le additives such as water repellents, flame retardants, curing accelerators, adhesion promoters, formaldehyde scavengers, dyes and / or surface-active substances may be added.
- functional le additives such as water repellents, flame retardants, curing accelerators, adhesion promoters, formaldehyde scavengers, dyes and / or surface-active substances may be added.
- the invention also relates to the use of a formaldehyde-free aminoplast resin based on a reactive protecting group and a dialdehyde as a network former for producing a wood-based product or natural fiber composite product.
- a formaldehyde-free aminoplast resin based on a reactive protecting group and a dialdehyde as a network former for producing a wood-based product or natural fiber composite product.
- storage-stable amino resins can also be prepared with dialdehydes or trialdehydes if the starting amine (such as, for example, melamine or urea) is first reacted with a suitable monoaldehyde.
- the aldehyde group reacts with the nitrogen of the amine group.
- the residue covalently bonded to the nitrogen atom of the amine group as a consequence of this reaction and derived from the monoaldehyde then acts as a protecting group which prevents in step (ii) from undesired significant crosslinking in the reaction with the dialdehyde or trialdehyde.
- step (i) the aldehyde group is converted into a hydroxyl group and this hydroxyl group is a reactive group that can be used for a later crosslinking reaction, it is the protective group is a reactive protecting group.
- step (i) one or more amine groups of the starting amine are thus initially blocked by a reactive protective group derived from the monoaldehyde. If the dialdehyde or trialdehyde is added in step (ii), it may initially react only with N atoms which have not yet been blocked with a protective group in step (i).
- step (i) since the reaction of the monoaldehyde with the starting amine in step (i) is an equilibrium reaction, the dialdehyde or trialdehyde in step (ii) can partially replace the protecting groups derived from the monoaldehyde.
- the process forms oligomers with very short sequences. These amino resins can also be readily stabilized at high solids contents (for example 60% by weight).
- the crosslinkable amino resin has free aldehyde groups.
- the presence of free aldehyde groups can increase the reactivity in setting appropriate conditions and thus assist in the preparation of a final crosslinked product.
- step (ii) reaction of the dialdehyde or trialdehyde with the nitrogen of the amine arise on the one hand according to the reaction equation
- the reactivity of the crosslinkable amino resin is also enhanced by the presence of the reactive protecting group.
- the radical which derives from the monoaldehyde and functions as a protective group for the amine group contains a reactive OH group which, when appropriate conditions are set, is available for a subsequent crosslinking reaction.
- Amines which can be used for the preparation of amino resins are known in principle to the person skilled in the art.
- the starting amine may have 2-3 amine groups (ie, diamine or triamine).
- an amino triazine, urea, a urea derivative, thiourea, a thiourea derivative, imino urea (i.e., guanidine), an imino urea derivative, a cyanamide, a diaminoalkane, a polyacrylamide, or a mixture of these compounds may be used.
- Suitable aminotriazines are, in particular, amino-1,3,5-triazines, e.g. Melamine, acetoguanamine and benzoguanamine.
- Suitable urea derivatives include, for example, alkylated ureas such as methylurea or cyclic ureas such as acetylenediurea or ethyleneurea.
- Suitable thiourea derivatives include, for example, cyclic thioureas such as ethylene thiourea.
- suitable imino urea derivatives which may be mentioned are cyclic iminoureas.
- suitable cyanamide for example dicyandiamide or cyanamide can be mentioned.
- Diamino-C 1-8 alkanes for example, may be mentioned as suitable diaminoalkanes.
- Diamido-C 1-8 -alkanes for example, may be mentioned as suitable diamidoalkanes.
- Monoaldehydes which have at least 2 carbon atoms and can be reacted with an amine are known in principle to the person skilled in the art.
- the monoaldehyde may have at least one more functional group in addition to the aldehyde group.
- the additional functional group may be a polar group.
- the monoaldehyde When the monoaldehyde has one or more additional functional groups, it may, for example, be a carboxylic acid ester group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof (ie a carboxylate group), an ether group or a carbon-carbon double bond.
- the monoaldehyde of the present invention may also be an aldehyde which provides good addition products with water and is therefore present as a hydrate.
- the monoaldehyde is selected from a salt of aldehyde carboxylic acid, an alcoxy aldehyde (e.g., a dialkoxy aldehyde, a monoalkoxy aldehyde), furfural, an unsaturated aldehyde, or a mixture thereof.
- an alcoxy aldehyde e.g., a dialkoxy aldehyde, a monoalkoxy aldehyde
- furfural an unsaturated aldehyde, or a mixture thereof.
- a salt of the aldehyde carboxylic acid for example, a salt of glyoxylic acid (for example, glyoxylic acid sodium or glyoxylic acid potassium) or a salt of malonic acid monoaldehyde may be used.
- glyoxylic acid for example, glyoxylic acid sodium or glyoxylic acid potassium
- malonic acid monoaldehyde a salt of malonic acid monoaldehyde
- a salt of the aldehyde carboxylic acid may be, for example, an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salt.
- the alkoxyaldehyde may be, for example, a monoalkoxyaldehyde or a dialkoxyaldehyde.
- the alkoxy radical may be, for example, a C 1-4 -alkoxy radical.
- suitable dialkoxyaldehyde e.g. Dimethoxyethanal be called.
- Suitable unsaturated aldehydes are, for example, crotonaldehyde, acrolein, or mixtures thereof.
- no formaldehyde is added in the process.
- no alkylation of amine groups of the amine takes place in the process.
- the molar ratio of the monoaldehyde to the amine groups of the amine can be varied over a wide range.
- the molar ratio of the monoaldehyde to the amine groups of the amine is preferably in the range of 0.5 / 3 to 3/3, more preferably 1.5 / 2.5 to 3 or 1.8 / 3 to 2.2 / 3.
- the molar ratio of the monoaldehyde to the amine groups of the amine is preferably in the range of 0.2 / 2 to 2/2, more preferably 0.3 / 2 to 1.5 / 2 more preferably 0.5 / 2 to
- step (i) each amine group of the starting amine reacts with at least one monoaldehyde so that at least one reactive protective group is present on each amine group.
- the addition of the dialdehyde or trialdehyde in step (ii) then takes place exclusively via the partial replacement of reactive protecting groups.
- step (i) at least one amine group of the amine is not reacted with the monoaldehyde to form a reactive protecting group.
- This amine group which is not blocked by a reactive protective group, would then be directly accessible in step (ii) for a reaction with the dialdehyde or trialdehyde.
- Suitable process conditions to ensure this are known to those skilled in the art.
- the monoaldehyde can be added in molar excess, based on the number of amine groups of the amine.
- Suitable solvents for step (i) are generally known to the person skilled in the art.
- an aqueous solvent is used.
- hydrogen bonds breaking polar solvents can be used.
- reaction conditions such as reaction temperature and pH
- reaction temperature and pH Suitable reaction conditions for the reaction of the amine with the monoaldehyde are known in the art.
- the reaction temperature may be, for example, in the range of 20 ° C to 100 ° C, more preferably in the range of 40 ° C to 65 ° C.
- the pH may vary over a wide range.
- the pH may be, for example, in the range of 6 to 10, more preferably 7 to 8.5.
- the not or only slightly water-soluble amines are, for example, aminotriazines (such as melamine or benzoguanamine), cyclic urea compounds (such as acetylene diurea), cyclic thiourea compounds (such as ethylene thiourea), cyanamides (such as dicyandiamide).
- aminotriazines such as melamine or benzoguanamine
- cyclic urea compounds such as acetylene diurea
- cyclic thiourea compounds such as ethylene thiourea
- cyanamides such as dicyandiamide
- the water-soluble monoaldehyde is, for example, a monoaldehyde which, in addition to the aldehyde group, still has a functional polar group.
- Suitable water-soluble monoaldehydes are e.g. a salt of an aldehyde carboxylic acid (for example, a salt of glyoxylic acid or malonic monoaldehyde), an alkoxyaldehyde (for example, a dialkoxyaldehyde such as dimethylethanal or a monoalkoxy aldehyde).
- the water-soluble aldehydes act as "draggers" of the amine into the aqueous phase, ie the reaction of the water which is insoluble or only sparingly soluble in water with the water-soluble monoaldehyde forms an intermediate amine which has a significantly higher water solubility than the starting amine , a reactive protective group is generated by the addition of the monoaldehyde to one or more amine groups, which on the one hand prevents the subsequent reaction with a dialdehyde or trialdehyde leads to an undesired premature crosslinking of the material, but on the other hand, a reactive group (in the form of a hydroxyl group) contains, which can support the crosslinking reaction when setting suitable crosslinking conditions (especially acidic pH range or salts at elevated temperatures).
- step (ii) Since the reaction of the monoaldehyde with the amine is an equilibrium reaction, during the subsequent addition of the dialdehyde or trialdehyde in step (ii), the reactive protective groups derived from the monoaldehyde can be partially replaced by the dialdehyde or trialdehyde. The monoaldehyde thus partially released in step (ii) is then available again for reaction with the starting amine. Only a monoaldehyde can attach to the undissolved constituents of the starting amine. No insoluble passivation layers can form on the solid surface of the amines.
- water-insoluble amines such as melamine, benzoguanamine, dicyandiamide and acetylenediurea
- water-insoluble amines such as melamine, benzoguanamine, dicyandiamide and acetylenediurea
- the monoaldehydes increase the solubility of the amines and act as entrainers in the continuous phase.
- the starting amine is a water-soluble compound (for example, urea or guanidine)
- it may also be preferable to use the above-described monoaldehydes having good water solubility for example, an aldehyde carboxylic acid or a salt thereof or an alkoxy aldehyde such as dimethoxyethanal.
- monoaldehydes having a lower water solubility for example unsaturated aldehydes such as acrolein or crotonaldehyde).
- step (ii) of the process according to the invention the reaction of the intermediate product provided with one or more reactive protective groups with a dialdehyde or trialdehyde to form a crosslinkable amino resin takes place.
- the crosslinkable amino resin has free aldehyde groups.
- Dialdehydes or trialdehydes convertible with amines are known per se to a person skilled in the art.
- glyoxal or a dialdehyde of the formula OHC- (CH 2) i-3-CHO i.e., malonaldehyde, succinic dialdehyde, glutaraldehyde
- OHC- (CH 2) i-3-CHO i.e., malonaldehyde, succinic dialdehyde, glutaraldehyde
- the dialdehyde or trialdehyde can be added to the intermediate from step (i), which is preferably present in an aqueous solution.
- the intermediate from step (i) (for example in the form of an aqueous solution) is added to the dialdehyde or trialdehyde.
- one component of the other component is continuously metered. While in the first case is added slowly enough, so that in the reaction medium during the reaction is always a low concentration of unreacted dialdehyde or trialdehyde, is rapidly dosed in the case of good water-soluble products to stabilize the resin by cooling after the reaction.
- the intermediate from step (i) is not isolated but used in the form of the aqueous solution in which it was prepared in step (i) for the reaction with the dialdehyde or trialdehyde in step (ii).
- step (ii) The amount of dialdehyde or trialdehyde added in step (ii) can be varied over a wide range.
- the molar ratio of the dialdehyde or trialdehyde present in step (ii) to the amine groups of the triamine added in step (i) is in the range of 0.1 / 3 to 5/3, more preferably 0.5 / 3 to 3/3 or 0.8 / 3 to 2.2 / 3.
- the molar ratio of the dialdehyde or trialdehyde added in step (ii) to the amine groups of the diamine added in step (i) is in the range from 0.1 / 3.9 to 3, 9 / 0.1, more preferably 0.3 / 1, 7 to 1, 7 / 0.3, even more preferably 0.5 / 1, 5 to 1, 5 / 0.5.
- the molar ratio of the dialdehyde or trialdehyde added in step (ii) to the monoaldehyde added in step (i) may be, for example, in the range from 1 / 0.01 to 1/3 or 1 / 0.2 If the starting amine has three amine groups, then the molar ratio of the dialdehyde or trialdehyde added in step (ii) to the monoaldehyde added in step (i) may, for example, be from 1 to 0.5 in the range of 1 / 0.01 to 1/5 or 1, 5 / 0.2 to 1, 5/2 or even 2 / 0.3 to 2/1.
- reaction temperature in the step (ii) may be, for example, in the range of 20 ° C to 100 ° C, more preferably 40 ° C to 65 ° C.
- the pH may be, for example, in the range of 6 to 10, more preferably 7 to 8.5.
- oligomers having very short sequences can be formed by the process according to the invention and the amino resins can also be readily stabilized even at high solids contents (for example 60% by weight). Even in the case of readily soluble compounds such as urea or guanidine, the reaction products remain so low in viscosity due to the reactive protecting group derived from the monoaldehyde that stabilization is very well possible even at high solids contents.
- the amine resin is characterized by having free aldehyde groups, which increase the reactivity in the setting of suitable conditions and thus support the production of a crosslinked end product.
- the reactivity of the crosslinkable amino resin is also enhanced by the presence of the reactive protecting group. This achieves a reactivity which is equal to or even exceeds that of formaldehyde-based resins.
- the prepared amino resins can be stabilized, for example by
- Cooling e.g., to a temperature below 30 ° C, more preferably below 25 ° C
- Cooling e.g., to a temperature below 30 ° C, more preferably below 25 ° C
- Chips Chip fraction 0.6 mm ⁇ x ⁇ 5 mm
- Adhesive melamine-glyoxylic acid-glyoxal resin A and B
- Adhesive content 12% (solid resin based on dried chips)
- Hardening accelerator 0.6% ammonium sulfate
- Paraffin 1, 5% (solid based on dry-dried chips)
- the resins were prepared as follows:
- the flexural strength and the flexural modulus of elasticity according to DIN EN 310: 1993 as well as the transverse tensile strength (tensile strength perpendicular to the plate plane) according to DIN EN 319: 1993 were determined on the plates.
- the formaldehyde release of the chipboard was determined by the bottle method according to EN 717-3 after 3 h and 24 h storage. The results of mechanical plate properties and formaldehyde release are shown in Table 1.
- Chips Chip fraction 0.6 mm ⁇ x ⁇ 5 mm
- Adhesive melamine-glyoxylic acid-glyoxal resin C, D and E.
- Adhesive content 12% (solid resin based on dried chips)
- Paraffin 1, 5% (solid based on dry-dried chips)
- the resins were prepared as follows:
- the flexural strength and the flexural modulus of elasticity according to DIN EN 310: 1993 as well as the transverse tensile strength (tensile strength perpendicular to the plate plane) according to DIN EN 319: 1993 were determined on the plates.
- the formaldehyde release of the chipboard was determined by the bottle method according to EN 717-3 after 3 h and 24 h storage. Further, the formaldehyde release of the plates was determined by the 1 m 3 chamber method according to EN 717-1. The results of mechanical plate properties and formaldehyde release are shown in Table 2.
- the mechanical properties of particleboard type P2 have been met.
- the mechanical properties of the plates made with aminoplast resin are similar to those made with a UF resin.
- the formaldehyde release of the melamine-glyoxylic acid-glyoxal resin-made sheets is very low compared to the UF resin-bonded particleboard, well below the current limit of 0.1 ppm (EN 717-1) for the E1 emission class.
- the volatile organic compound (VOC) release after 24 hours storage in the 1 m 3 test chamber was also determined under the following conditions: temperature: 23 ° C, relative humidity: 50% ; Degree of loading of the chamber: 1 m 2 / m 3 ; Air change rate 1 rr 1 .
- the narrow surfaces of the plates were not sealed.
- the plates were up to the test sealed in foil.
- Volatile organic compounds were measured by Tenax sampling followed by thermal desorption and GC / MSD analysis in accordance with DIN ISO 16000-6.
- the aldehydes were determined by the DNPH method according to DIN ISO 16000-3. All individual substances in the retention region C6-Ci6 are designated as VOCs, and WOCs (Very Volatile Organic Compounds) are the volatile substances in the retention range ⁇ Ci 6.
- the concentration (Mg / m 3 ) of volatile and volatile constituents of the chipboard with melamine-glyoxylic acid-glyoxal resins is listed in Table 3.
- Example 3 Particleboard with formaldehyde-free aminoplast resin based on glyoxylic acid glyoxal: Variation of pressing time
- Chips Chip fraction 0.6 mm ⁇ x ⁇ 5 mm
- Adhesive melamine-glyoxylic acid-glyoxal resin C
- Adhesive content 12% (solid resin based on dried chips)
- Hardening accelerator 0.6% ammonium sulfate
- Paraffin 1, 5% (solid based on dry-dried chips)
- the resin was prepared as follows: Resin C
- the flexural strength and the flexural modulus of elasticity according to DIN EN 310: 1993 as well as the transverse tensile strength (tensile strength perpendicular to the plate plane) according to DIN EN 319: 1993 were determined on the plates.
- the formaldehyde release of the chipboard was determined by the bottle method according to EN 717-3 after 3 h and 24 h storage. The results of mechanical plate properties and formaldehyde release are listed in Table 4.
- Table 4 Mechanical properties and formaldehyde release of particle board with a melamine-glyoxylic acid-glyoxal resin, prepared at different pressing times
- the pressing time could be reduced to 15 s / mm for the chipboard with a melamine-glyoxylic acid-glyoxal resin without deteriorating the mechanical plate properties.
- Chips Chip fraction 0.6 mm ⁇ x ⁇ 5 mm
- Adhesive melamine-glyoxylic acid-glyoxal resin F and G
- Adhesive content 12% (solid resin based on dried chips)
- Hardening accelerator 0.6% ammonium sulfate
- Paraffin 1, 5% (solid based on dry-dried chips)
- Target density 650 kg / m 3 and 700 kg / m 3
- the resins were prepared as follows:
- the bending strength and the flexural modulus of elasticity according to DIN EN 310: 1993 as well as the transverse tensile strength (tensile strength perpendicular to the plate plane) according to DIN EN 319: 1993 were determined on the plates.
- the formaldehyde release of the chipboard was determined by the bottle method according to EN 7 7-3 determined after 3 h and 24 h storage. Further, the formaldehyde release of the plates was determined by the 1 m 3 chamber method according to EN 717-1. The results of mechanical plate properties and formaldehyde release are shown in Table 5.
- the mechanical properties of particle board are influenced by the density of the boards.
- the standard strength requirements were still met at a plate density of 650 kg / m 3 .
- Example 5 Medium density fiberboard (MDF) with formaldehyde-free aminoplast resin based on glyoxylic acid glyoxal
- Wood chips were made from debarked pine logs. From the wood chips, a pulp was produced by the thermo-mechanical process, which is dried in a tubular dryer and then glued in Blender process with melamine glyoxylic acid-glyoxal resin or the UF resin Kaurit® 337 BASF AG, sprinkled into mats and was hot pressed to MDF.
- the conditions for the production of the MDF were:
- Adhesive melamine-glyoxylic acid-glyoxal resin F
- Adhesive content 12% (solid resin / atro pulp)
- Paraffin quantity 1.5% (solids based on atro pulp)
- the resin was prepared as follows:
- the flexural strength and the flexural modulus of elasticity according to DIN EN 310: 1993 as well as the transverse tensile strength (tensile strength perpendicular to the plate plane) according to DIN EN 319: 1993 and the thickness swelling after 2h and 24 h water storage according to DIN EN 317: 1993 were determined.
- the formaldehyde release of the MDF was determined by the bottle method according to EN 717-3 after 3 h and 24 h storage. The results of mechanical and hygric plate properties and formaldehyde release are shown in Table 6.
- the MDF produced with melamine-glyoxylic acid resin F did not meet the standard requirements with regard to the mechanical properties at the selected production conditions.
- Example 6 Veneered plywood with formaldehyde-free aminoplast resin based on glyoxylic acid glyoxal 3-ply veneer plywood was produced under the following conditions:
- Veneer thickness 1, 5 mm
- Veneer size 510 mm x 510 mm
- Glue Resin 100 g of melamine-glyoxylic acid-glyoxal resin C
- the resin was prepared as follows:
- the formaldehyde emission of the produced veneer plywood is very low.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Phenolic Resins Or Amino Resins (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
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DE102013014641.0A DE102013014641B4 (de) | 2013-09-04 | 2013-09-04 | Holzwerkstoffprodukt oder Naturfaser-Verbundwerkstoffprodukt und Verwendung eines formaldehydfreien Aminoplastharzes zu deren Herstellung |
PCT/EP2014/001712 WO2015032458A1 (de) | 2013-09-04 | 2014-06-24 | Holzwerkstoffprodukt oder naturfaser-verbundwerkstoffprodukt und verwendung eines formaldehydfreien aminoplastharzes zu deren herstellung |
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EP3041909A1 true EP3041909A1 (de) | 2016-07-13 |
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EP14738379.8A Withdrawn EP3041909A1 (de) | 2013-09-04 | 2014-06-24 | Holzwerkstoffprodukt oder naturfaser-verbundwerkstoffprodukt und verwendung eines formaldehydfreien aminoplastharzes zu deren herstellung |
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EP (1) | EP3041909A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102013014641B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2015032458A1 (de) |
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CN114752326A (zh) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-07-15 | 西南林业大学 | 一种多组分乙二醛树脂胶黏剂及其制备方法与应用 |
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DE2757176A1 (de) | 1977-12-22 | 1979-07-05 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von weich- und hartharzen und deren verwendung |
PT71995B (en) | 1979-11-08 | 1981-08-31 | Sun Chemical Corp | Process for the preparation of textile finishing agents |
US4395504A (en) | 1982-09-07 | 1983-07-26 | Sun Chemical Corporation | Adhesive system for particleboard manufacture |
DE3641997A1 (de) | 1986-12-09 | 1988-06-16 | Basf Ag | Harnstoff-aldehyd-polykondensate, ein verfahren zu deren herstellung sowie deren verwendung als lackbindemittel |
US4906726A (en) | 1989-03-13 | 1990-03-06 | Adhesive Coatings Co. | Water-based coating compositions containing hydroxides and oxides of calcium, strontium and barium |
DE3935879A1 (de) | 1989-10-27 | 1991-05-02 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zum alleingerben von bloessen und zum nachgerben von chromleder |
US5059488A (en) | 1990-08-24 | 1991-10-22 | Borden, Inc. | Glutaraldehyde resin binding system for manufacture of wood products |
DE4140899A1 (de) | 1991-12-12 | 1993-06-17 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von wasserloeslichen kondensationsprodukten |
JPH07126596A (ja) | 1993-10-29 | 1995-05-16 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | 木質材用接着剤 |
DE19627531B4 (de) | 1996-07-09 | 2006-11-02 | Construction Research & Technology Gmbh | Wasserlösliche formaldehydfreie Polykondensationsprodukte auf Basis von Amino-s-triazinen |
DE10322107B4 (de) | 2003-03-26 | 2005-09-08 | Ami-Agrolinz Melamine International Gmbh | Aminotriazin-Kondensationsprodukt, Verwendung eines Aminotriazin-Kondensationsproduktes und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Aminotriazin-Kondensationsproduktes |
DE102005032585A1 (de) | 2005-07-11 | 2007-01-25 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leder |
FR2901559B1 (fr) | 2006-05-24 | 2008-08-29 | Clariant Specialty Fine Chemicals Sas | Resine aminoplaste ou phenoplaste a base d'au moins un monoacetal du glyoxal et d'acide glyoxylique, et ses utilisations |
DE102006029408A1 (de) | 2006-06-23 | 2007-12-27 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Säuregruppenhaltige Dialdehyd Kondensationsprodukte |
CN102304337B (zh) | 2011-05-27 | 2015-04-08 | 天津市鑫源森达新材料科技有限公司 | 一种新型环保浸渍纸用改性胶及其制备方法 |
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2013
- 2013-09-04 DE DE102013014641.0A patent/DE102013014641B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-06-24 WO PCT/EP2014/001712 patent/WO2015032458A1/de active Application Filing
- 2014-06-24 EP EP14738379.8A patent/EP3041909A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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