EP3041004B1 - Surge arrester for the protection of electric plants from transient surges - Google Patents

Surge arrester for the protection of electric plants from transient surges Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3041004B1
EP3041004B1 EP15197440.9A EP15197440A EP3041004B1 EP 3041004 B1 EP3041004 B1 EP 3041004B1 EP 15197440 A EP15197440 A EP 15197440A EP 3041004 B1 EP3041004 B1 EP 3041004B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lamina
cursor
surge arrester
electric
sliding guide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15197440.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3041004A1 (en
Inventor
Sergio Bertacchi
Gianfranco d'Ippolito
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zotup Srl
Original Assignee
Zotup Srl
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zotup Srl filed Critical Zotup Srl
Priority to PL15197440T priority Critical patent/PL3041004T3/pl
Priority to SI201430482T priority patent/SI3041004T1/sl
Publication of EP3041004A1 publication Critical patent/EP3041004A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3041004B1 publication Critical patent/EP3041004B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H01C7/126—Means for protecting against excessive pressure or for disconnecting in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H01H37/761—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H01H37/761—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit
    • H01H2037/762—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit using a spring for opening the circuit when the fusible element melts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/02—Means for extinguishing arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved structure of surge arrester, also defined surge limiter or more concisely SPD (Surge Protective Device).
  • surge arrester also defined surge limiter or more concisely SPD (Surge Protective Device).
  • SPD Sudge Protective Device
  • Direct lightning phenomena are the main sources of devastating destruction effects on electric plants; indirect discharges and switching surges are also sources of heavy damage, the origin of which is not easily identifiable, but the effects of which are equally serious for sensitive plants in which continuity of operation is a critical issue.
  • the duration of these phenomena varies from few microseconds to a few hundreds milliseconds, but in this very short time they release an extremely high energy content.
  • These phenomena must be suitably intercepted in order to protect the plants wired to the electric network and thus guarantee the integrity thereof and the functions thereof.
  • transient surges represent the conditioning factor for the "mean time between failures" (MTBF) of a plant or of an equipment has led to the need to adopt increasingly sophisticated and more effective safety measures.
  • MTBF mean time between failures
  • the present invention relates to the implementation of surge protection apparatuses - referred to as arresters in the following- the application of which is regulated, for example, by CEI EN 62305-1/4 Ed. 2 (2011-02), IEC 60364-4-44-443 Ed.2 (2007) e CLC/TS 50539-12 (2010-03) standards for the protection from lightning bolts and switching surges.
  • the requirements and testing methods refer to the IEC 61643-11 Ed. 1 (2011-03) standard and to the CEI EN 50539-11 (2013-02) standard.
  • the present invention relates to the arrester of the most recent prior art, comprising a protection element in the shape of a varistor and meant in particular for LV plants (low voltage, that is, nominal voltage up to 1000 V AC and 1500 V DC) and to photovoltaic plant (AC side and DC side).
  • LV plants low voltage, that is, nominal voltage up to 1000 V AC and 1500 V DC
  • AC side and DC side photovoltaic plant
  • the varistor employed in the arresters is an already well-known component; the behaviour thereof equals that of a variable (non-linear) resistance in the voltage/current ratio.
  • the varistor abruptly lowers the resistance thereof, so that the peak may be easily discharged therethrough, to the ground, and does not continue towards other, higher-resistance equipment or parts of the plant.
  • a varistor typically consists of a mass of semiconductor material (for example, ZnO) arranged sandwich-like between two opposite metal surfaces, which make up the electrodes to which the contacts of the electric terminals connecting to the arrester are electrically joined. Typically, in these devices, the two electric terminals are then wired to a phase lead and to the protection lead and/or to the neutral lead, respectively.
  • a "disconnector" is typically provided which makes up the specific object of the invention and the function of which is better described here in the following.
  • the disconnector is a complex cutting-off device, with protective functions in case of failure of the protection element.
  • the protection element In standard conditions, that is, in the absence of surges/overcurrents, the protection element has such a high impedance as to represent an interruption of the ground-bound circuit and the current circulating within the arrester is not significant. Consequently a current which can generate dangerous conditions for people's safety does not circulate towards the ground.
  • This well-known system operates in a highly effective manner as long as the protection element (for example the varistor) is fully integer and working.
  • the protection element typically the varistor
  • the protection element undergoes an aging and deterioration process, so that it gradually begins to decrease the impedance thereof and hence to discharge to the ground, even in the absence of surges/overcurrents, increasing and ever more significant current values.
  • the impedance decrease is modest, and the value of the ground-bound current with it, the operation of the arrester is still acceptable, but beyond certain values the arrester becomes unusable and dangerous to users. At this point it must necessarily be turned off (disconnected) from the plant.
  • the disconnector is hence entrusted with the task of interrupting the circuit, both in case of modest currents (an operation typically carried out with inherent features), and in case of high short-circuit currents (an operation typically carried out with the aid of fuses).
  • the activation of the disconnector occurs by heat effect (Joule effect).
  • the "disconnector" which normally performs this circuit-opening function may be inside/outside the arrester.
  • the thermal disconnector substantially consists of an electric lead of a various shape connected in series to the electrode of the varistor. It consists of a complex unit, typically comprising a resilient, metal lamina joined to the varistor electrode through a welding with a low-melt welding material, that is, capable of melting at a relatively low temperature (120-180°C).
  • the resilient lamina is welded in an elastically flexed or spring-loaded attitude, in any case arranged in such an elastically-loaded condition as to impart a stress which tends to move it away from the varistor electrode.
  • the varistor when - following deterioration - the varistor begins to discharge a significant current to the ground, no longer in a transient way but continuously, it tends to heat up due to the Joule effect. Such temperature transfers to the welding and when the temperature of the low-melt alloy is reached, the retaining ability of the welding ceases, releasing the metal lamina from the contact with the varistor electrode, thus opening the electric circuit and restoring safe conditions.
  • the technical problem to be addressed is therefore to suggest an arrester structure which overcomes the mentioned drawbacks.
  • an arrester with a disconnector which allows: to safely open the circuit in case of slow deterioration of the protection element and to open the circuit equally safely also in case of very fast deterioration (short-circuit) of the protection element, inherently performing the function of the fuse.
  • the disconnector it is wished, in both situations, for the disconnector to be capable of effectively extinguishing any forming of an arc, interrupting also high short-circuit currents.
  • the proposed arrester structure despite performing all these functions, must be able to maintain a small bulk to be housed in standard frames.
  • a surge arrester comprising a first and a second electric terminal for connection to the active leads of an electric plant, between which a protection element is inserted, provided with a pair of electrodes, between said first electric terminal and the electrode of the protection element a disconnector being provided which comprises a conductive, resilient, flexible lamina having a base end electrically wired to said first electric terminal and a distal end maintained electrically connected to said electrode by a welding of a low-melt conductive material, wherein said lamina is mounted elastically biased according to a direction so as to push said distal end away from said electrode and it is made with a thickness below 0.5 mm and of a conductive material with a conductivity much lower than that of copper (IACS ⁇ 60) such
  • a sliding guide is provided for an intercepting cursor biased in a longitudinal direction of said sliding guide by preloaded elastic means, and wherein at least an inclined portion of said lamina runs through said sliding guide at a certain angle to the longitudinal sliding axis thereof, said inclined portion of the lamina acting as abutment and holding element for a head end of said cursor.
  • the head end of said intercepting cursor has a longitudinal groove apt to engage tightly with a tooth protruding from a travel-end wall of said sliding guide.
  • the head end of said intercepting cursor has a wedge-like surface, inclined with re-spect to a sliding axis of said sliding guide according to the same angle of said inclined portion of said resilient, flexible lamina.
  • Said sliding guide is limited by a partition wall whereon at least a portion of said lamina rests in said preloaded condition.
  • a surge arrester comprising a first and a second electric terminals for connecting to the active leads of an electric plant, between which a protection element is inserted, provided with a pair of electrodes electrically wired to said electric terminals, between said first electric terminal and an electrode of the protection element a disconnector being provided comprising a conductive, resilient, flexible lamina and having a base end electrically wired to said first electric terminal and a distal end maintained electrically connected to said electrode, in a condition of elastic preload, through a welding with low-melt material, wherein between said base end of the lamina and said electrode of the protection element a sliding guide is provided for an intercepting cursor biased in a longitudinal direction of said sliding guide by preloaded elastic means, and in that at least an inclined portion of said lamina runs through said sliding guide at a certain angle to the longitudinal sliding axis thereof, said inclined portion of the lamina acting as abutment and holding element for a head end of said cursor.
  • the head end of said intercepting cursor can have a wedge-like surface, inclined with re-spect to a sliding axis of said sliding guide according to the same an-gle of said inclined portion of the resilient, flexible lamina.
  • said cursor has a longitudinal groove apt to engage with a corresponding longitudinal ribbing of the sliding guide.
  • the sliding guide is limited by a partition wall whereon at least a portion of said lamina rests in said preloaded condition.
  • a further aspect is that said inclined portion of the lamina ends with a bent welding foot, making up said distal end.
  • said intercepting cursor is made of BMC material (Bulk Moulding Com-pound) complying with the UL 94 standard with a flammability class HB and preferably with degasifying properties through the release of CO 2 in the presence of electric arc.
  • BMC material Bulk Moulding Com-pound
  • an arrester is housed in a box body, module C, of such dimensions as to be housed in a single standard module wired up within an electric box for LV (low voltage) electric plants.
  • this module C two opposite electric terminals are housed, in a manner known per se - a first electric terminal 1 for the connection of the phase lead and a second electric terminal 2 for the connection of the protection lead or the neutral lead - between which a protection element (typically a varistor) is arranged, schematised here by a wafer 3, on the opposite surfaces of which respective conductive electrodes are arranged (in the drawings an electrode 4 only is shown, the other one on the opposite side being not visible in the drawing).
  • a protection element typically a varistor
  • Electrode 4 is electrically wired to phase electric terminal 1, while the opposite electrode is wired to the ground or to neutral electric terminal 2.
  • the connection between electrode 4 and phase electric terminal 1 is accomplished through lead means making up an element of the disconnector.
  • lead means of the disconnector is in the shape of a flexible lamina 5, which is elastically preloaded and joined to electrode 4 by a suitable low-melt welding in the site marked by 5d.
  • the material used in the low-melt welding typically belongs to the group of alloys based on tin, lead, bismuth, indium in binary or ternary, euteptic and non-euteptic formations, with melting ranges comprised between 120°C and 180°C.
  • the lamina 5 of the disconnector is generically bent into an S or U shape (so as to have a better shape flexibility), having:
  • the lead means of the disconnector in form of said metal lamina, is resilient and maintained deflected (hence elastically preloaded) in the operating position illustrated in fig. 1 , against the reaction of the fixed rigid wall 11, by the welding on electrode 4.
  • this embodiment ensures electric continuity between electric terminal 1 and the electrode 4 of the varistor, through lamina 5.
  • lamina 5 is preferably manufactured with a small thickness (in the order of few tenths of millimetre, for example 0.2-0.3 mm) and with a material with electric conductivity below that of copper, for the reasons which will be explained further on.
  • An exemplifying level of conductivity may be an IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard) ⁇ 60.
  • the material preferably consists of a copper alloy with such elements as to change the conductivity thereof (copper IACS ⁇ 90) and impart resilient properties to a notoriously ductile and malleable but non-elastic material.
  • a cursor 7 for arc intercepting and compressing it is defined, which cursor is guided along a sliding path by guide means 6.
  • guide 6 hs two parallel walls (rigid wall 11 and an opposite perimeter wall of compartment 12), which guide the longitudinal sliding movement of cursor 7, and two travel-end walls, a starting one 13 and a finishing one 14.
  • Cursor 7 is biased and pushed from starting wall 13 towards finishing wall 14 by preloaded elastic means, for example a precompressed spring 8 (better appreciated in the drawings 2 and 3).
  • Cursor 7 is preferably provided with a longitudinal groove 7a, meant to engage with and slide on a longitudinal ribbing 9 arranged inside guide 6.
  • cursor 7 is made of BMC (Bulk Moulding Compound) material complying with the UL 94 standard with a flammability class HB and preferably with degasifying properties through the release of CO 2 in the presence of electric arc.
  • BMC Bit Moulding Compound
  • the third inclined portion 5c of resilient lamina 5 is arranged so as to intercept the sliding path of cursor 7: as visible in the drawings, inclined portion 5c runs through guide 6 with a certain inclination angle with respect to the longitudinal guiding axis, typically an inclination angle of the order of 45°-70°, preferably about 60°.
  • the head end of cursor 7 has at least a front surface portion 7b which is at a certain angle to the longitudinal axis, defining a kind of wedge-like surface 7b which, matching the same inclination angle, rests evenly on the inclined portion 5c of resilient lamina 5.
  • cursor 7 is constrained between starting wall 13 and the inclined portion 5c of lamina 5, overcoming the precompression stress of spring 8.
  • a longitudinal groove 7c is also provided, the function of which is illustrated further on; groove 7c is preferably obtained in correspondence of longitudinal groove 7a.
  • a tooth 15 is provided, longitudinally projecting, preferably in correspondence of ribbing 9, and apt to engage tightly with the groove 7c of cursor 7.
  • the portion 5b of the lamina is adjacent to the inner wall 11 which runs longitudinally to the sliding path of guide 6, while inclined portion 5c is bent towards the varistor and intercepts with a certain angle the guide 6 and hence the sliding path of cursor 7, representing an element of stopping and abutment of the head end of cursor 7 biased by spring 8. Therefore cursor 7 is retained in position - significantly loaded by spring 8 (for example with a force of about 5-10 N) - due to the support of head 7b on the inclined portion 5c of lamina 5, which is in turn retained in position by the welding in 5d.
  • cursor 7 is no longer retained and is triggered towards the finishing wall 14 (the one at the bottom in the drawing) moving lamina 5 further away from the main area of the sliding guide 6 and hence of electrode 4, as shown in fig. 3 .
  • sliding cursor 7 accomplishes multiple mutually synergistic actions aimed at the interruption of the electric arc:
  • a secondary cursor 20 has been represented which is transversally pushed towards intercepting cursor 7, in correspondence of starting wall 13.
  • the intercepting cursor is activated and moves from the inoperative position thereof, it frees space for secondary cursor 20, which can move from its home position ( fig. 1 ) and perform a minimum displacement (position of fig. 3 ) which may be detected from the outside by an optical sign easily perceived by an operator's glance. It is evident that such signalling mechanism may take up also other, different shapes without significantly affecting the main teaching provided here.
  • the preferred embodiment described here advantageously provides that the longitudinal sliding axis of the intercepting cursor be arranged according to a line making up the head of the T shape of containment body C. It is not ruled out that various orientations may be provided, despite obtaining at least part of the inventive results described here.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
EP15197440.9A 2013-04-08 2014-03-20 Surge arrester for the protection of electric plants from transient surges Active EP3041004B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL15197440T PL3041004T3 (pl) 2013-04-08 2014-03-20 Ochronnik przepięciowy do ochrony instalacji elektrycznych przed przepięciami udarowymi
SI201430482T SI3041004T1 (sl) 2013-04-08 2014-03-20 Prenapetostna zaščita za zaščito električnih naprav pred prehodnimi napetostnimi sunki

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000538A ITMI20130538A1 (it) 2013-04-08 2013-04-08 Scaricatore di sovratensioni, per la protezione di impianti elettrici da sovratensioni transitorie.
EP14160969.3A EP2790192B9 (en) 2013-04-08 2014-03-20 Surge arrester for the protection of electric plants from transient surges

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14160969.3A Division-Into EP2790192B9 (en) 2013-04-08 2014-03-20 Surge arrester for the protection of electric plants from transient surges
EP14160969.3A Division EP2790192B9 (en) 2013-04-08 2014-03-20 Surge arrester for the protection of electric plants from transient surges

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3041004A1 EP3041004A1 (en) 2016-07-06
EP3041004B1 true EP3041004B1 (en) 2017-08-30

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15197440.9A Active EP3041004B1 (en) 2013-04-08 2014-03-20 Surge arrester for the protection of electric plants from transient surges
EP14160969.3A Active EP2790192B9 (en) 2013-04-08 2014-03-20 Surge arrester for the protection of electric plants from transient surges

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14160969.3A Active EP2790192B9 (en) 2013-04-08 2014-03-20 Surge arrester for the protection of electric plants from transient surges

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (2) EP3041004B1 (pl)
ES (2) ES2582703T3 (pl)
IT (1) ITMI20130538A1 (pl)
PL (2) PL3041004T3 (pl)
SI (2) SI3041004T1 (pl)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITUB20152327A1 (it) * 2015-07-20 2017-01-20 Zotup S R L Disconnettore perfezionato e scaricatore di sovratensioni comprendente tale disconnettore
CN106684848B (zh) * 2016-11-15 2018-08-17 广西新全通电子技术有限公司 一种具有高性能防弧罩灭弧的电涌保护装置
DE102017105554A1 (de) * 2017-03-15 2018-09-20 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Reihenklemmen
LU100141B1 (de) * 2017-03-15 2018-09-19 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co Reihenklemmen
IT202100028448A1 (it) 2021-11-09 2023-05-09 Zotup S R L Scaricatore di sovratensioni comprendente un disconnettore e relativa camera di estinzione/deionizzazione

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101261893B (zh) * 2008-04-14 2011-07-20 佛山市浦斯电子有限公司 热保护压敏电阻器模块
DE102009022069B4 (de) * 2009-01-12 2016-10-20 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Überspannungsableiter
CN101741081A (zh) * 2010-01-12 2010-06-16 佛山市浦斯电子有限公司 具有热保护功能的电涌抑制器
EP2541577A1 (en) * 2011-06-30 2013-01-02 Epcos Ag Electric device

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2790192B1 (en) 2016-04-27
ES2649749T3 (es) 2018-01-15
PL3041004T3 (pl) 2018-01-31
EP2790192A1 (en) 2014-10-15
EP3041004A1 (en) 2016-07-06
PL2790192T3 (pl) 2017-07-31
ITMI20130538A1 (it) 2014-10-09
SI2790192T1 (sl) 2016-09-30
EP2790192B9 (en) 2016-09-21
SI3041004T1 (sl) 2017-12-29
ES2582703T3 (es) 2016-09-14

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