EP3039218B1 - Tête de forage permettant d'élargir un forage pilote pour produire un trou foré - Google Patents

Tête de forage permettant d'élargir un forage pilote pour produire un trou foré Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3039218B1
EP3039218B1 EP14750442.7A EP14750442A EP3039218B1 EP 3039218 B1 EP3039218 B1 EP 3039218B1 EP 14750442 A EP14750442 A EP 14750442A EP 3039218 B1 EP3039218 B1 EP 3039218B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
drill head
head according
borehole
drilling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14750442.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3039218A2 (fr
Inventor
Michael LUBBERGER
Tobias GERHARDT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Herrenknecht AG
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Herrenknecht AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3039218A2 publication Critical patent/EP3039218A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3039218B1 publication Critical patent/EP3039218B1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
    • E21B10/28—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with non-expansible roller cutters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/28—Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
    • E21B17/1078—Stabilisers or centralisers for casing, tubing or drill pipes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/046—Directional drilling horizontal drilling

Definitions

  • the application relates to a drill head for expanding a pilot hole for creating a borehole with a borehole wall by loosening a pilot hole surrounding rock in the region of a substantially perpendicular to the pilot bore extending working face with a base body, on which a connecting element for a pilot drill string is provided, wherein the base body at least one tool holder are provided for at least one drilling tool.
  • HDD Horizontal Directional Drilling
  • a pilot hole is created from a starting point to a destination point for the trenchless laying of a pipeline under an obstacle along a predetermined drilling line.
  • a reamer is attached to the pilot drill string at the target side, which is connected to the pipeline to be laid.
  • Turning the pilot string drives the reamer.
  • An advancement of the scraper while pulling in the pipeline takes place by pulling out the pilot drill string.
  • the reamer is designed so that it is closed at the connection side to the pipeline.
  • US 3,750,767 discloses another device which is considered as the closest prior art.
  • the expansion drill heads are subject to considerable wear. This is particularly the case when a so-called single-pass method is used, in which the expansion of the pilot hole is made to the final diameter of the borehole to be produced. The wear takes place essentially on the roller chisels / cutting rollers. If these are worn before reaching the end point, the expansion head must be removed from the hole and the bits replaced and then the expansion head returned to the hole to continue the drilling. This leads to considerable set-up times.
  • the object of the application is therefore to provide a drill head, in which the wear on the cutting rollers is reduced.
  • a first solution provides for the object that at least two tool holders are provided, that at least one tool holder is radially spaced from the main body further than the at least one other tool holder, so that at least one outer and one inner drilling tool are present, which is connected to the face in Engagement can be brought, and that the at least one inner drilling tool and the at least one outer drilling tool are each arranged offset at an angle to the working face. It has surprisingly been found that the drill head is optimally centered relative to the working face by the angular arrangement of the drilling tools to each other, so that a significant reduction of wear takes place.
  • a preferred teaching of the application provides that the two drilling tools are arranged so that the working face has at least one radially encircling wedge-like recess or at least one radially encircling wedge-like projection. It is advantageous that the internal angle between the drilling tools 120 to 150 ° is preferably 135 to 140 °.
  • a second solution provides the object that a rinsing nozzle is provided, from which a rinsing medium can be dispensed, wherein the rinsing nozzle is arranged so that the area between the borehole wall and the borehole wall facing outer portion of the drilling tool is flushable with the dispensed rinsing medium.
  • a third solution provides for the object that at least one receiving tool is provided, which has an engagement region with the working face on which a drilling tool is arranged, and in that the receiving tool picks up the drill cuttings loosened at the working face and removes them from the drilling area.
  • the wear is significantly reduced by the direct inclusion of the cuttings at the working face.
  • a preferred teaching of the application provides that at least one rinsing nozzle is provided on the receiving tool. This improves the removal of the cuttings and supports the loosening of partially dissolved rock or with existing loose rock.
  • a fourth solution provides for the task of providing a comminution tool for comminuting the cuttings, which has a comminution surface which is movable along the borehole wall, so that a comminution gap is provided between comminution surface and borehole wall. The provision of such a crushing tool directly on the drill head causes a better discharge of the cuttings takes place.
  • a preferred teaching of the application provides that the comminution gap is adjustable. This makes it possible to take into account the maximum grain size of the discharge as a function of the flushing medium. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the crushing surface is arranged incident to the borehole wall. As a result, a particularly good crushing result is achieved.
  • a fifth solution provides for the task of providing at least one receiving tool for receiving drill cuttings located on the bottom of the drill hole, which has a receiving surface which is opposite the alignment line of the drill bit Borehole with an angle ⁇ 20 ° occurs.
  • a preferred teaching of the application provides that the receiving surface is provided on its radially outer side with a centering surface and / or a crushing surface. According to the application, a sixth solution provides the object that the tool holder is arranged so that it is radially adjustable.
  • a preferred teaching of the application provides that spacers are provided for providing the adjustability. This is a particularly easy way to adjust.
  • Another teaching of the application provides that on the side facing away from the working face of the drill head at least one effective against the borehole wall centering element is present. As a result, a further improvement in the stabilization of the drill head can be achieved in a simple manner.
  • connection element is designed to be elongated for entry into the pilot bore and / or is designed essentially with a diameter of the pilot drilling stand and / or one Centering portion having a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the pilot bore diameter.
  • a further teaching of the application provides that at least one stabilizing element is provided, that on its outside a contact portion, plan or radius of the borehole wall, and that the stabilizing element is preferably designed as a receiving tool. As a result, a further improvement in the stabilization of the drill head can be achieved in a simple manner.
  • a centering element described below is provided behind the drill head.
  • a Zetrierelement is arranged with a base body, the connecting elements for mounting the centering in a drill string, wherein on the base body like a circle segment at least one support element arranged on the base body are provided executed portions, which coincide with the Bohrradius of the drill head, wherein at least a portion of a receiving tool for receiving lying on the bottom of the drill hole cuttings having a receiving surface, with respect to the alignment line of the borehole with an angle ⁇ 20 ° occurs.
  • the receiving surface on its radial outer side is preferably provided with a centering surface and / or a comminuting surface.
  • the expression “and / or” is understood to mean both “and” and “as well as” or “linking of the corresponding features.
  • Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show a borehole 100 in a soil / rock 101 into which a pipeline (not shown) is introduced after completion of the borehole 100.
  • a pilot bore 102 Upstream of the borehole 100 is a pilot bore 102 already made from a starting point (not shown) to a target point (not shown).
  • the wellbore 100 has a working face 103 and a borehole wall 104.
  • the working face 103 extends essentially at right angles to the pilot bore 102.
  • a drill head 10 is arranged, which is an expansion drill head.
  • the drill head 10 has a base body 11, on which transverse struts 12 are arranged, which are radially spaced connected to a support ring 13.
  • the cross struts 11 are provided with tool holders 14, on which cutting rollers 15 are arranged.
  • the cutting rollers 15 have teeth 16 made of a hard metal, such as tungsten carbide, for dissolving the soil, or rock 101, at the working face 103.
  • first connection 17 for the drill pipe (not shown) located in the pilot borehole 102 and a second connection 18 at the rear end of the drill head 10 for connecting the drill string (not shown) located in the borehole 100 are arranged on the main body 11.
  • a stabilizer 19 is provided, which has substantially the same diameter as the pilot well 102 and is located in this.
  • the working face 103 has a V-shaped break-in 105, which radially around the pilot hole 102nd is provided circumferentially. It has been found that by providing the V-shaped burglary 105, the drill head 10 is particularly stabilized with respect to the wellbore 100.
  • V-shaped break-in 105 To create the V-shaped break-in 105, a number of tool holders 14 are aligned so that their cutting roller 15 engages and engages the outer leg 106 of the V-shaped break-in 105, which is further radially spaced from the pilot bore 102 another number of tool holders 14 are arranged so that their cutting roller 15 is in engagement with and produces the inner leg 107 of the V-shaped burglary 105 which is less radially spaced from the pilot borehole.
  • the V-shaped burglary 105 inversely, so as a projection, is carried out einragend in the wellbore 100. For this it is then necessary to arrange the tool holder 14 and the cutting rollers 15 arranged therein accordingly. In the present embodiment of the drill head 10, three cutting rollers 15 are arranged so that the outer leg 106 of the working face 103 is created, while two cutting rollers 15 are provided for producing the inner leg 107.
  • flushing nozzles 20 are provided, which are arranged so that they rinse the gap 108 between the outer row of teeth 21 of the cutting roller 15 and the borehole wall 104 in order to specifically the wear of the outer row of teeth 21st to avoid. Due to the small gap width of the gap 108, cuttings 109 collect here, in particular on the borehole bottom 113, which accordingly leads to excessive wear of the outer row of teeth. By selectively flushing the gap 108 this is avoided.
  • a broaching tool / receiving tool 22 is provided on a transverse strut 12.
  • the broaching tool 22 serves as a receiving tool for receiving cuttings 109 at the working face 103. It has a drilling tool 23 on its front side.
  • the drilling tool 23 has substantially the same shape as the V-shaped burglary 105 and sweeps it when rotating the drill head 10.
  • the broaching tool 22 removes the cuttings 109 released by the cutting rollers 15 from the Further, the drilling tool 23 of the broaching tool 22 is in engagement with the working face 103 and is capable of loosening rock at the working face 103, or rock dissolved by the cutting rollers 15. As a result, the passage of loose rock is avoided by the cutting rollers 15, which causes a reduction in wear.
  • a rinsing nozzle 20 is also provided for rinsing the gap 108. Furthermore, 22 rinsing nozzles 24 are provided on the broach, which flush the working face 103, or the V-shaped burglary 105. The broach 22 is offset with respect to the diameter of the wellbore 100 at an angle therefrom. The broach 22 is shown in an enlarged view in Fig. 5 played. Furthermore, 12 stabilizer surfaces 29 are provided on the outside of the transverse struts, which are provided with a removable wear plate 30.
  • the stabilizer surfaces 29 cause, as well as the stabilizer 19, a better centering of the drill head 10 in the wellbore 100, in which the stabilizer surfaces, or their wear plates 30, are in engagement with the borehole wall 104.
  • broaching tools 25 are provided on the carrier ring 13, which have an elongate base body 26 (see FIG Fig. 7 ). At its the borehole wall 104 side facing a wear plate 27 is arranged. On the side surface of the base body 26, a wear plate 28 is arranged. The wear plates 27, 28 are made replaceable.
  • the broaches 25 take over the wear plates 27, 28 drill cuttings 109, in particular, on the sole 113 of the well, with, carry them, as in Fig.
  • the arrangement of the broaches 25 with respect to the drill head 10 is provided so that provided on the base body 26 and with a Wear plate 28 covered receiving surface with respect to the alignment line of the borehole 100 at an angle of 0 ° to 20 ° is incident, since it has been shown that this is a particularly good cuttings transport in the driving area 31 to the borehole highest 111 takes place.
  • a crushing tool 32 is provided on the broach 22.
  • This is a crushing surface 33, which is provided with a wear plate 34, which is designed to be interchangeable.
  • the crushing surface is opposite the borehole wall 104 at an angle a, as in FIG Fig. 6 represented, incident arranged.
  • a crushing gap 112 is formed, in which a cuttings chunk 109, which is larger than the crushing gap 112, collects and is comminuted by the shear forces forming in the comminution gap 112 between the borehole wall 104 and the comminuting surface 33.
  • the comminution tool 32 may also be provided on the broaching tools 25 for better comminution of the cuttings 109.
  • the comminuting tool 32 can be arranged on the broaching tool 22, 25 at different positions, so that an adjustability of the comminution gap 112 in dependence on the desired maximum size of the cuttings 109 can be achieved.
  • a retaining ring 35 is arranged, which is connected via diagonal struts 36 with the support ring 13.
  • Rinsing nozzles 37 are provided on the rear side of the transverse struts 12, which cause a higher flow rate of the flushing medium through the additional delivery of the flushing medium, especially in the outer regions of the borehole 100 towards the borehole wall 104, so that a better discharge of the cuttings 109 is ensured.
  • the cutting rollers 15 in the tool holder 14 are displaceable between a first position (as in Fig. 8 shown) and a second position (as in Fig. 9 shown) arranged radially displaceable.
  • a spacer 38 is provided, with which the cutting roller 15 is fixed at its respective position on the outer or inner side of the tool holder 14.
  • drill string 39 In order to achieve an even better centering of the drill head 10 and beyond a reduction of the wear of the cutting rollers 15 during installation and removal of the drill head 10, or an improved removal of the drill cuttings 109, are in the connection 18 behind the drill head 10 arranged drill string 39
  • Centering elements 40 are provided. These have a main body 41, are arranged on the transverse struts 42 in the radial direction to the borehole wall 104 out.
  • Stabilizing portions 43 which cover part of the borehole wall 104, are arranged on the transverse struts 42. As in Fig. 10 shown, a plurality of transverse struts 42 may be provided one behind the other.
  • the stabilizing sections 48 have a broach 44 on one side, in front of which a driving area 31 is formed.
  • the broaching tool essentially has a receiving surface 45, which is provided with a wear plate 28.
  • the broach 44 is the cuttings 109, as in 10 and 11 shown, taken along, transported to the highest hole 111, from where then the cuttings 109 falls into the flow region 110 of the drilling mud and so the discharge of cuttings 109 is returned from the wellbore 100.
  • Part of the cuttings 109 will become, as in Fig. 10 shown again settle on the bottom hole 113.
  • this is then also taken up again and fed to the flow area 110 accordingly. Should it be necessary to rotate the drill head 10 and thus also the centering element 40 in different directions, can on the stabilizing portion 43 on both sides, as in Fig. 11 represented, a corresponding broaching be provided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Tête de forage (10) destinée à élargir un forage pilote (102) afin de créer, suivant la technique de forage directionnel horizontal (FDH), un trou de forage (100) ayant une paroi de trou de forage (104), en ameublissant la roche (101) entourant le forage pilote dans la zone de front d abattage (103) qui s étend presque perpendiculairement au forage pilote, comprenant un corps de base (11) sur lequel est prévu un élément de liaison (17) pour un train de tiges de forage, dans lequel au moins deux porte-outils (14) dans chaque cas et au moins un outil de forage sont prévus sur le corps de base, dans lequel au moins un porte-outil est plus éloigné radialement du corps de base par rapport à au moins un autre porte-outil (14), de sorte qu au moins un outil de forage externe et un outil de forage interne (15) soient présents et puissent amenés en prise avec le front d abattage (103), et qu au moins I outil de forage interne (15) et I outil de forage externe (15) se trouvent chacun décalés par rapport au front d abattage (103), caractérisé en ce qu au moins un outil de réception (22) est prévu comportant une zone de mise en prise (105) avec le front d abattage (103), sur lequel est positionné un outil de forage (23), et en ce que l outil de réception (22) reçoit les déblais de forage ramollis sur le front d abattage (103) et les enlève de la zone de forage, et en ce qu au moins un outil de réception (25) puisse recevoir des déblais de forage (109) situés sur le fond (113) du trou de forage, ledit outil de réception présentant une surface de réception avec un angle d inclinaison inférieur à 20° par rapport à la ligne d alignement du trou de forage.
  2. Tête de forage selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les deux outils de forage (15) sont disposés de telle sorte que le front d abattage présente au moins un renfoncement cunéiforme circonférentiel radialement ou au moins une saillie cunéiforme circonférentielle radialement et/ou en ce que I angle intérieur entre les outils de forage est de 120° à 150°, de préférence de 135° à 140°.
  3. Tête de forage selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce qu une buse de rinçage (20, 24) est prévue, à partir de laquelle un fluide de rinçage peut être évacué, la buse de rinçage étant disposée de sorte que la région entre la paroi du trou de forage et la partie extérieure de I outil de forage dirigé vers la paroi du trou de forage puisse être rincée avec le fluide de rinçage qui a été évacué.
  4. Tête de forage selon I une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce qu au moins une buse de rinçage est prévue sur I outil de réception (22).
  5. Tête de forage selon I une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que I outil de réception et/ou I outil de forage présentent la forme du contour de surface du front d abattage (103).
  6. Tête de forage selon I une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que I outil de réception (22) recouvre radialement la zone de forage de la tête de forage.
  7. Tête de forage selon I une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce qu un outil de broyage (32) est prévu pour broyer les déblais de forage, qui présente une surface de broyage (33) mobile le long de la paroi du trou de forage de sorte qu un espacement de broyage soit prévu entre la surface de broyage et la paroi du trou de forage.
  8. Tête de forage selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que I espace de broyage (112) est réglable et/ou la surface de broyage est disposée en angle par rapport à la paroi du trou de forage et/ou I outil de broyage est disposé sur une surface extérieure d un outil de réception.
  9. Tête de forage selon I une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que la surface de réception est munie sur sa surface externe radiale d une surface de centrage et/ou d une surface de broyage.
  10. Tête de forage selon I une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que le porte-outil (14) est disposé de façon à être réglable radialement.
  11. Tête de forage selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que des entretoises (38) sont prévues pour faciliter le réglage.
  12. Tête de forage selon I une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisée en ce qu au moins un élément de centrage (40) conforme par rapport à la paroi du trou de forage est présent sur le côté de la tête de forage éloigné du front d abattage.
  13. Tête de forage selon I une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisée en ce que I élément de liaison (17) est allongé par rapport à I entrée dans le forage pilote et/ou est presque configuré au diamètre du forage pilote et/ou présente une partie de centrage d un diamètre sensiblement identique au diamètre du forage pilote.
  14. Tête de forage selon I une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisée en ce qu au moins un élément de stabilisation (19) est prévu avec, sur sa surface extérieure, une partie de contact plate ou avec le rayon de la paroi du trou de forage et en ce que I élément de stabilisation est de préférence configuré comme outil de réception.
EP14750442.7A 2013-08-15 2014-08-08 Tête de forage permettant d'élargir un forage pilote pour produire un trou foré Active EP3039218B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013013477.3A DE102013013477A1 (de) 2013-08-15 2013-08-15 Bohrkopf zum Aufweiten einer Pilotbohrung zum Erstellen eines Bohrlochs
PCT/EP2014/002179 WO2015022065A2 (fr) 2013-08-15 2014-08-08 Tête de forage permettant d'élargir un forage pilote pour produire un trou foré

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3039218A2 EP3039218A2 (fr) 2016-07-06
EP3039218B1 true EP3039218B1 (fr) 2018-08-01

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14750442.7A Active EP3039218B1 (fr) 2013-08-15 2014-08-08 Tête de forage permettant d'élargir un forage pilote pour produire un trou foré

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US10364611B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3039218B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2014308209B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2921478C (fr)
DE (1) DE102013013477A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2652197C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015022065A2 (fr)

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US9714544B2 (en) * 2013-05-20 2017-07-25 The Charles Machine Works, Inc. Reamer with replaceable rolling cutters

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CN110821409A (zh) * 2019-11-15 2020-02-21 四川石油天然气建设工程有限责任公司 一种具有自扶正引导功能的扩孔器的制造方法

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WO2015022065A2 (fr) 2015-02-19
RU2016109021A (ru) 2017-09-18
CA2921478C (fr) 2018-06-12
AU2014308209B2 (en) 2017-06-29
DE102013013477A1 (de) 2015-03-12
WO2015022065A3 (fr) 2015-10-22
US20160305189A1 (en) 2016-10-20
RU2652197C2 (ru) 2018-04-25
CA2921478A1 (fr) 2015-02-19
EP3039218A2 (fr) 2016-07-06
US10364611B2 (en) 2019-07-30

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