EP3035439A1 - Antenna for electronic device - Google Patents

Antenna for electronic device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3035439A1
EP3035439A1 EP15182376.2A EP15182376A EP3035439A1 EP 3035439 A1 EP3035439 A1 EP 3035439A1 EP 15182376 A EP15182376 A EP 15182376A EP 3035439 A1 EP3035439 A1 EP 3035439A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
winding
plane
metal
electronic device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15182376.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3035439B1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Rizzo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STMicroelectronics Rousset SAS
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STMicroelectronics Rousset SAS
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Publication of EP3035439A1 publication Critical patent/EP3035439A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3035439B1 publication Critical patent/EP3035439B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/528—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the re-radiation of a support structure

Definitions

  • the present description generally relates to electronic devices and, more particularly, to devices using a radiofrequency communication or energy transfer antenna.
  • More and more electronic devices are so-called “communicating" devices.
  • the communication is done in radiofrequency, either passively (electronic tag equipped only with passive components) or active (tag or electronic device equipped with one or more active circuits).
  • devices of the mobile phone type are increasingly equipped with a Near Field Communication (NFC) function enabling the telephone's electronic circuits to communicate wirelessly and without contact with similar devices. , electronic tags, adapted readers, etc.
  • NFC Near Field Communication
  • the telephone is then generally equipped with a communication interface between an antenna and its circuits. This interface is generally referred to as radio frequency head or contactless (contactless) head (CLF).
  • radio frequency head or contactless (contactless) head (CLF).
  • One or more antennas are then connected to this RF head for radio frequency communications.
  • the integration of the antenna (or antennas) in the device determines the performance of these devices. ci, so the communication and / or energy transfer.
  • One embodiment aims to overcome all or part of the disadvantages of electronic devices equipped with radio frequency communication antenna (s) and / or energy transfer.
  • One embodiment aims to propose a new integration solution of an antenna in an electronic device.
  • One embodiment aims at a solution particularly suitable for an antenna intended to be connected to a radiofrequency communication head of an electronic device.
  • One embodiment is a solution particularly suitable for integrating an antenna into a metallic environment.
  • one embodiment provides a radiofrequency or energy transfer communication antenna, in the form of a plane conductive winding, in which one of the two ends of the planar winding is connected directly to a metal section or plane. which surrounds the plane winding without interruption.
  • the section or metal plane is intended to be connected to ground.
  • the end connected to the section or plane is the outer end of the winding.
  • the plane comprises an opening in which is placed the planar winding.
  • the winding is in an outer diameter of between about 5 and about 20 mm.
  • the center of the winding is in a diameter of between 2 and 5 mm.
  • the adaptation network further comprises a second capacitive element connecting the two ends of the winding.
  • One embodiment provides an electronic device incorporating an antenna and / or a radio frequency circuit.
  • the opening of the metal plane is intended to receive a camera, a microphone or a brightness sensor.
  • the metal plane is a mobile phone cover.
  • the figure 1 represents schematically and in block form, an example of an electronic device architecture of the type to which the embodiments to be described apply.
  • the electronic circuits 1 (ICs) of the device are capable of exchanging signals (link 12) with a radiofrequency transmission-reception head 2 (CLF) constituting an interface between these circuits 1 and an antenna 3.
  • An adaptation network 4 (MATCHING), constituting a frequency tuning and impedance matching circuit, is interposed between the radiofrequency input-outputs 21 of the head 2 and the antenna 3.
  • the antenna is generally constituted by a winding plane driver.
  • the position of the antenna in the device is opposite a metal plate (typically an element of a device housing as the shell of a mobile phone). It is then necessary to make an opening in this metal element and to place the plane winding constituting the antenna in this opening.
  • a metal plate typically an element of a device housing as the shell of a mobile phone. It is then necessary to make an opening in this metal element and to place the plane winding constituting the antenna in this opening.
  • FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C illustrate an example of a usual arrangement at a metal plane 5 'of an electronic device.
  • the Figure 2A schematically represents the metal plane 5 '.
  • the Figure 2B represents an example of a conductive winding plane constituting the antenna 3.
  • the Figure 2C represents the equivalent electrical diagram of the set.
  • the antenna 3 under the metal shell of the mobile phone constituting the metal plane 5 '.
  • the winding 3 is then placed, at least partially, inside an opening 52 'of the metal plane to allow the radio frequency communication and to pass the field lines through the antenna.
  • the two ends 32 and 34 of the winding 3 are connected to the matching network 4 ( figure 1 ). This connection is made by insulated wires and / or conductive tracks deposited on an insulating layer (not shown) covering, at least partially, the inner face of the plate 5 '.
  • the figure 3 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of an antenna. This figure represents a diagram equivalent to closer to the Figure 2C .
  • the antenna 3 is formed of a planar winding placed in an opening 52 of a metal plane 5.
  • the contour of the opening 52 is closed, that is to say that the opening 52 does not open into one of the edges of the plane 5.
  • one of the ends, for example the outer end 34, the winding forming the antenna 3 is connected to the metal plane 5 which is itself intended to be connected to the mass of the electronic device.
  • the winding 3 is entirely contained in the opening.
  • the inventor has found that, surprisingly, by electrically connecting one end of the antenna to the ground plane surrounding it, the disturbances due to the eddy currents are considerably reduced and the performance of the antenna is improved. , including whether the opening in which the antenna is placed has a closed contour.
  • the figure 4 represents, schematically and partially, an embodiment of an electronic device incorporating an antenna of the type of that of the figure 3 .
  • the terminals Rx and the terminals Tx of the head 2 are intended to be connected to the ends of the winding of the antenna, via the matching network 4.
  • This matching network 4 comprises at least one capacitive element in series between each terminal Rx or Tx and the end of the winding to which this terminal is to be connected.
  • capacitors Cs are interposed between terminals Tx and ends 32 and 34 and capacitors Crx are interposed between terminals Rx and ends 32 and 34.
  • a capacitive element Cp generally connects ends 32 and 34 together.
  • the capacitors of the network 4, and in particular the capacitor Cp participate in the tuning of the frequency of the oscillating circuit comprising the antenna 3, both in reader mode (generation of a field) by adapting the output impedance seen in FIG. Tx terminals at the antenna impedance, and in card or receive mode adapting the impedance to present a resonant circuit having a resonant frequency close to the frequency of the carrier.
  • the two ends 32 and 34 of the winding 3 are connected to the matching network 4 by insulated wires 42 and / or by conductive tracks deposited on an insulating layer (not shown) covering, at least partially, the internal face of the plate 5.
  • FIGS 5A and 5B are schematic representations of two embodiments of an antenna 3.
  • the Figure 5A illustrates the embodiment of an antenna 3 in the form of a circular plane winding surrounded by a conductive section 5, also circular.
  • the outer end of the winding 3 is connected to the section 5.
  • the Figure 5B illustrates the case of a planar conductive winding 3 of square shape, placed in an opening 52, itself of square shape, made in a metal plane 5.
  • the inner end of the winding 3 is connected to the section 5.
  • the figure 6 represents a variant of an embodiment of an adaptation network 4 'between an antenna 3 and a radiofrequency head. This is, for example, a case where the transmit and receive modes are each associated with a separate antenna.
  • the network 4 'then has a capacitor Crx between each terminal Rx and the end 32 or 34 of the antenna to which the terminal is to be connected and a capacitor Cp connecting the two ends 32 and 34 of the antenna.
  • the figure 7 is a view, closer to that of the Figure 2A , a metal hood of an electronic device.
  • the aperture 52 (here circular), for example for an electronic camera, a microphone, a brightness sensor, etc., in which the antenna 3 (not shown in FIG. figure 7 ) has a closed contour and does not open into one of the edges of the cover 5.
  • the winding 3 has an outer diameter or is in a diameter of between about 5 and about 20 mm and the center of the winding has a diameter or is in a diameter included between 2 and 5 mm.
  • An advantage of the embodiments described is that it is now possible to associate an antenna with a device equipped with a metal wall.
  • Another advantage is that it is not necessary to interrupt the electrical continuity of such a metallic environment around the antenna, it can now be surrounded by a ground plane.
  • An antenna 6 mm in diameter inscribed in a square opening of 10 mm side has a level of retromodulation to 3 cm from the antenna of a test drive 3 to 4 times higher than the level obtained for the same antenna whose outer end of the winding is not connected to the ground plane.
  • an antenna made with a connection from one end to a ground plane is formed on the rear face (generally metallic) of a liquid crystal flat screen and connected to the ground thereof.
  • the shape of the metal plane surrounding the antenna and to which it is connected depends on the applications and the shape of the electronic device in which the antenna is integrated.
  • the shape of the opening made in the metal plane depends on the applications and different variants are possible provided that this opening is closed, that is to say, it does not open into one of the edges of the plane.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une antenne de communication radiofréquence ou de transfert d'énergie, réalisée sous la forme d'un enroulement conducteur plan (3), dans laquelle une des deux extrémités (32, 34) de l'enroulement plan est connectée directement à un tronçon ou plan métallique (5) qui entoure l'enroulement plan sans interruption.The invention relates to a radiofrequency or energy transfer communication antenna, in the form of a planar winding (3), in which one of the two ends (32, 34) of the planar winding is connected directly to a metal section or plane (5) surrounding the planar winding without interruption.

Description

DomaineField

La présente description concerne de façon générale les dispositifs électroniques et, plus particulièrement, les dispositifs utilisant une antenne de communication radiofréquence ou de transfert d'énergie.The present description generally relates to electronic devices and, more particularly, to devices using a radiofrequency communication or energy transfer antenna.

Exposé de l'art antérieurPresentation of the prior art

De plus en plus de dispositifs électroniques sont des dispositifs dits "communicants". Pour la plupart, la communication s'effectue en radiofréquence, que ce soit de façon passive (étiquette électronique équipée uniquement de composants passifs) ou active (étiquette ou dispositif électronique équipé d'un ou plusieurs circuits actifs).More and more electronic devices are so-called "communicating" devices. For the most part, the communication is done in radiofrequency, either passively (electronic tag equipped only with passive components) or active (tag or electronic device equipped with one or more active circuits).

En particulier, les dispositifs de type téléphone mobile sont le plus en plus souvent équipés d'une fonction de communication en champ proche (NFC - Near Field Communication) permettant à des circuits électroniques du téléphone de communiquer sans fil et sans contact avec des dispositifs similaires, des étiquettes électroniques, des lecteurs adaptés, etc. Le téléphone est alors généralement équipé d'une interface de communication entre une antenne et ses circuits. Cette interface est généralement dénommée tête radiofréquence ou tête (de communication) sans contact (CLF - Contact Less Front end). Une ou plusieurs antennes sont alors connectées à cette tête RF pour les communications radiofréquences.In particular, devices of the mobile phone type are increasingly equipped with a Near Field Communication (NFC) function enabling the telephone's electronic circuits to communicate wirelessly and without contact with similar devices. , electronic tags, adapted readers, etc. The telephone is then generally equipped with a communication interface between an antenna and its circuits. This interface is generally referred to as radio frequency head or contactless (contactless) head (CLF). One or more antennas are then connected to this RF head for radio frequency communications.

Dans de tels dispositifs, et plus généralement dans tout dispositif électronique équipé d'une antenne de communication RF et/ou de transfert d'énergie, l'intégration de l'antenne (ou des antennes) dans le dispositif conditionne les performances de celles-ci, donc de la communication et/ou du transfert d'énergie.In such devices, and more generally in any electronic device equipped with an RF communication antenna and / or energy transfer, the integration of the antenna (or antennas) in the device determines the performance of these devices. ci, so the communication and / or energy transfer.

Résumésummary

Un mode de réalisation vise à pallier tout ou partie des inconvénients des dispositifs électroniques équipés d'antenne(s) de communication radiofréquence et/ou de transfert d'énergie.One embodiment aims to overcome all or part of the disadvantages of electronic devices equipped with radio frequency communication antenna (s) and / or energy transfer.

Un mode de réalisation vise à proposer une nouvelle solution d'intégration d'une antenne dans un dispositif électronique.One embodiment aims to propose a new integration solution of an antenna in an electronic device.

Un mode de réalisation vise une solution particulièrement adaptée à une antenne destinée à être connectée à une tête de communication radiofréquence d'un dispositif électronique.One embodiment aims at a solution particularly suitable for an antenna intended to be connected to a radiofrequency communication head of an electronic device.

Un mode de réalisation vise une solution particulièrement adaptée à l'intégration d'une antenne dans un environnement métallique.One embodiment is a solution particularly suitable for integrating an antenna into a metallic environment.

Ainsi, un mode de réalisation prévoit une antenne de communication radiofréquence ou de transfert d'énergie, réalisée sous la forme d'un enroulement conducteur plan, dans laquelle une des deux extrémités de l'enroulement plan est connectée directement à un tronçon ou plan métallique qui entoure l'enroulement plan sans interruption.Thus, one embodiment provides a radiofrequency or energy transfer communication antenna, in the form of a plane conductive winding, in which one of the two ends of the planar winding is connected directly to a metal section or plane. which surrounds the plane winding without interruption.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le tronçon ou plan métallique est destiné à être connecté à la masse.According to one embodiment, the section or metal plane is intended to be connected to ground.

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'extrémité connectée au tronçon ou plan est l'extrémité externe de l'enroulement.According to one embodiment, the end connected to the section or plane is the outer end of the winding.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le plan comporte une ouverture dans laquelle est placé l'enroulement plan.According to one embodiment, the plane comprises an opening in which is placed the planar winding.

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'enroulement s'inscrit dans un diamètre externe compris entre environ 5 et environ 20 mm.According to one embodiment, the winding is in an outer diameter of between about 5 and about 20 mm.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le centre de l'enroulement s'inscrit dans un diamètre compris entre 2 et 5 mm.According to one embodiment, the center of the winding is in a diameter of between 2 and 5 mm.

Un mode de réalisation prévoit un circuit radiofréquence comportant :

  • une antenne ;
  • une tête radiofréquence ; et
  • un réseau d'adaptation pourvu, entre chaque extrémité de l'enroulement et une borne du circuit, d'un premier élément capacitif.
One embodiment provides a radio frequency circuit comprising:
  • an antenna ;
  • a radio frequency head; and
  • an adaptation network provided, between each end of the winding and a terminal of the circuit, of a first capacitive element.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le réseau d'adaptation comporte en outre un deuxième élément capacitif reliant les deux extrémités de l'enroulement.According to one embodiment, the adaptation network further comprises a second capacitive element connecting the two ends of the winding.

Un mode de réalisation prévoit un dispositif électronique intégrant une antenne et/ou un circuit radiofréquence.One embodiment provides an electronic device incorporating an antenna and / or a radio frequency circuit.

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'ouverture du plan métallique est destinée à recevoir une caméra, un microphone ou un capteur de luminosité.According to one embodiment, the opening of the metal plane is intended to receive a camera, a microphone or a brightness sensor.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le plan métallique est un capot de téléphone mobile.According to one embodiment, the metal plane is a mobile phone cover.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

Ces caractéristiques et avantages, ainsi que d'autres, seront exposés en détail dans la description suivante de modes de réalisation particuliers faite à titre non limitatif en relation avec les figures jointes parmi lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 représente, de façon schématique et sous forme de blocs, un exemple d'architecture de dispositif électronique du type auquel s'appliquent les modes de réalisation qui vont être décrits ;
  • les figures 2A, 2B et 2C illustrent un exemple de disposition usuelle d'une antenne au niveau d'un plan métallique d'un dispositif électronique ;
  • la figure 3 est une représentation schématique d'un mode de réalisation d'une antenne ;
  • la figure 4 représente, de façon schématique et partielle, un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif électronique intégrant une antenne du type de celle de la figure 3 ;
  • les figures 5A et 5B sont des représentations schématiques de deux modes de réalisation d'une antenne ;
  • la figure 6 représente une variante d'un mode de réalisation d'un réseau d'adaptation entre une antenne et une tête radiofréquence ; et
  • la figure 7 est une vue, à rapprocher de celle de la figure 2A, d'un capot métallique d'un dispositif électronique. Description détaillée
These and other features and advantages will be set forth in detail in the following description of particular embodiments in a non-limiting manner with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 schematically and in block form, an exemplary electronic device architecture of the type to which the embodiments to be described apply;
  • the FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C illustrate an example of a usual arrangement of an antenna at a metal plane of an electronic device;
  • the figure 3 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of an antenna;
  • the figure 4 represents, schematically and partially, an embodiment of an electronic device incorporating an antenna of the type of that of the figure 3 ;
  • the Figures 5A and 5B are schematic representations of two embodiments of an antenna;
  • the figure 6 represents a variant of an embodiment of an adaptation network between an antenna and a radiofrequency head; and
  • the figure 7 is a view, closer to that of the Figure 2A , a metal hood of an electronic device. detailed description

De mêmes éléments ont été désignés par de mêmes références aux différentes figures. En particulier, les éléments structurels et/ou fonctionnels communs aux différents modes de réalisation peuvent présenter les mêmes références et peuvent disposer de propriétés structurelles, dimensionnelles et matérielles identiques. Par souci de clarté, seuls les éléments utiles à la compréhension des modes de réalisation décrits ont été représentés et seront détaillés. En particulier, la génération et l'exploitation des communications émises ou captées par l'antenne décrite n'ont pas été détaillées, les modes de réalisation décrits étant compatibles avec les applications usuelles. De plus, le reste du dispositif électronique intégrant une antenne n'a pas n'ont plus été détaillé, les modes de réalisation décrits étant, là encore, compatibles avec le reste des éléments constitutifs des dispositifs électroniques intégrant une ou plusieurs antennes de communication radiofréquence ou de transfert d'énergie. Dans la description qui suit, lorsque l'on fait référence aux termes « environ », « approximativement » ou « de l'ordre de », cela signifie à 10 % près, de préférence à 5 % près.The same elements have been designated with the same references in the various figures. In particular, the structural and / or functional elements common to the different embodiments may have the same references and may have identical structural, dimensional and material properties. For the sake of clarity, only the elements useful for understanding the described embodiments have been shown and will be detailed. In particular, the generation and operation of communications transmitted or received by the antenna described have not been detailed, the described embodiments being compatible with the usual applications. In addition, the rest of the electronic device incorporating an antenna has not been detailed, the embodiments described being, again, compatible with the rest of the constituent elements of the electronic devices incorporating one or more radio frequency communication antennas or energy transfer. In the following description, when referring to the terms "approximately", "approximately" or "of the order of", this means to within 10%, preferably to within 5%.

Dans la présente description, on se réfère plus particulièrement à un exemple d'application à un dispositif électronique de type téléphone mobile équipé de fonctions de communication en champ proche. Toutefois, tous ce qui va être décrit s'applique plus généralement à tout autre dispositif électronique intégrant une antenne de communication radiofréquence ou de transfert d'énergie devant être placée dans un environnement métallique.In the present description, reference is made more particularly to an example of application to a mobile telephone type electronic device equipped with near-field communication functions. However, all that will be described more generally applies to any other electronic device incorporating a radio frequency communication antenna or energy transfer to be placed in a metal environment.

La figure 1 représente, de façon schématique et sous forme de blocs, un exemple d'architecture de dispositif électronique du type auquel s'appliquent les modes de réalisation qui vont être décrits.The figure 1 represents schematically and in block form, an example of an electronic device architecture of the type to which the embodiments to be described apply.

Il s'agit, par exemple, d'un téléphone mobile équipé de fonctions de communication en champ proche. Les circuits électroniques 1 (ICs) du dispositif sont susceptibles d'échanger des signaux (liaison 12) avec une tête 2 d'émission-réception radiofréquence (CLF) constituant une interface entre ces circuits 1 et une antenne 3. Un réseau d'adaptation 4 (MATCHING), constituant un circuit d'accord en fréquence et d'adaptation d'impédance, est intercalé entre les entrées-sorties radiofréquences 21 de la tête 2 et l'antenne 3. L'antenne est généralement constituée d'un enroulement conducteur plan.This is, for example, a mobile phone equipped with near field communication functions. The electronic circuits 1 (ICs) of the device are capable of exchanging signals (link 12) with a radiofrequency transmission-reception head 2 (CLF) constituting an interface between these circuits 1 and an antenna 3. An adaptation network 4 (MATCHING), constituting a frequency tuning and impedance matching circuit, is interposed between the radiofrequency input-outputs 21 of the head 2 and the antenna 3. The antenna is generally constituted by a winding plane driver.

Le fonctionnement d'une telle architecture est connu et ne sera pas détaillé, les modes de réalisation décrits ne modifiant pas le fonctionnement en termes de génération et d'exploitation des signaux par les différents éléments.The operation of such an architecture is known and will not be detailed, the described embodiments not modifying the operation in terms of generation and exploitation of signals by the various elements.

Il arrive que la position de l'antenne dans le dispositif soit en regard d'une plaque métallique (typiquement un élément d'un boîtier du dispositif comme la coque d'un téléphone mobile). On est alors conduit à pratiquer une ouverture dans cet élément métallique et à placer l'enroulement plan constituant l'antenne dans cette ouverture.It happens that the position of the antenna in the device is opposite a metal plate (typically an element of a device housing as the shell of a mobile phone). It is then necessary to make an opening in this metal element and to place the plane winding constituting the antenna in this opening.

Les figures 2A, 2B et 2C illustrent un exemple de disposition usuelle au niveau d'un plan métallique 5' d'un dispositif électronique. La figure 2A représente schématiquement le plan métallique 5'. La figure 2B représente un exemple d'enroulement conducteur plan constituant l'antenne 3. La figure 2C représente le schéma électrique équivalent de l'ensemble.The FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C illustrate an example of a usual arrangement at a metal plane 5 'of an electronic device. The Figure 2A schematically represents the metal plane 5 '. The Figure 2B represents an example of a conductive winding plane constituting the antenna 3. The Figure 2C represents the equivalent electrical diagram of the set.

Dans cet exemple, on souhaite placer l'antenne 3 sous la coque métallique du téléphone mobile constituant le plan métallique 5'. L'enroulement 3 est alors placé, au moins partiellement, à l'intérieur d'une ouverture 52' du plan métallique pour permettre la communication radiofréquence et faire passer les lignes de champ au travers de l'antenne. On tire profit de la présence d'une ouverture généralement présente à d'autres fins, par exemple pour une caméra électronique, un microphone, un capteur de luminosité, etc. Les deux extrémités 32 et 34 de l'enroulement 3 sont connectées au réseau d'adaptation 4 (figure 1). Cette connexion s'effectue par fils isolés et/ou par pistes conductrices déposées sur une couche isolante (non représentée) recouvrant, au moins partiellement, la face interne de la plaque 5'.In this example, it is desired to place the antenna 3 under the metal shell of the mobile phone constituting the metal plane 5 '. The winding 3 is then placed, at least partially, inside an opening 52 'of the metal plane to allow the radio frequency communication and to pass the field lines through the antenna. We take advantage of the presence of an opening generally present for other purposes, for example for an electronic camera, a microphone, a brightness sensor, etc. The two ends 32 and 34 of the winding 3 are connected to the matching network 4 ( figure 1 ). This connection is made by insulated wires and / or conductive tracks deposited on an insulating layer (not shown) covering, at least partially, the inner face of the plate 5 '.

La présence du plan métallique perturbe la communication et, afin d'éviter les conséquences néfastes des courants de Foucault (eddy currents), on est contraint de réaliser une fente 54' dans le plan métallique 5', de sorte que l'ouverture 52' débouche, par la fente 54', dans un bord du plan métallique 5'.The presence of the metallic plane disturbs the communication and, in order to avoid the adverse consequences of eddy currents, it is necessary to make a slot 54 'in the metal plane 5', so that the opening 52 ' opens, through the slot 54 ', in an edge of the metal plane 5'.

La nécessité d'une fente 54' complique la réalisation et n'est généralement pas souhaitée. De plus, cela fragilise le capot ou boîtier métallique.The need for a slot 54 'complicates the realization and is not generally desired. In addition, it weakens the hood or metal case.

La figure 3 est une représentation schématique d'un mode de réalisation d'une antenne. Cette figure représente un schéma équivalent à rapprocher de la figure 2C.The figure 3 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of an antenna. This figure represents a diagram equivalent to closer to the Figure 2C .

Selon ce mode de réalisation, l'antenne 3 est formée d'un enroulement plan placé dans une ouverture 52 d'un plan métallique 5. A la différence de la figure 2C, le contour de l'ouverture 52 est fermé, c'est-à-dire que l'ouverture 52 ne débouche pas dans un des bords du plan 5. Une autre différence est qu'une des extrémités, par exemple l'extrémité externe 34, de l'enroulement formant l'antenne 3 est connectée au plan métallique 5 qui est lui-même destiné à être connecté à la masse du dispositif électronique. En outre, l'enroulement 3 est entièrement contenu dans l'ouverture.According to this embodiment, the antenna 3 is formed of a planar winding placed in an opening 52 of a metal plane 5. In contrast to the Figure 2C , the contour of the opening 52 is closed, that is to say that the opening 52 does not open into one of the edges of the plane 5. Another difference is that one of the ends, for example the outer end 34, the winding forming the antenna 3 is connected to the metal plane 5 which is itself intended to be connected to the mass of the electronic device. In addition, the winding 3 is entirely contained in the opening.

L'inventeur s'est aperçu que, de façon surprenante, en connectant électriquement une extrémité de l'antenne au plan de masse qui l'entoure, on réduit considérablement les perturbations dues aux courants de Foucault et on améliore les performances de l'antenne, y compris si l'ouverture dans laquelle est placée l'antenne présente un contour fermé.The inventor has found that, surprisingly, by electrically connecting one end of the antenna to the ground plane surrounding it, the disturbances due to the eddy currents are considerably reduced and the performance of the antenna is improved. , including whether the opening in which the antenna is placed has a closed contour.

La figure 4 représente, de façon schématique et partielle, un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif électronique intégrant une antenne du type de celle de la figure 3.The figure 4 represents, schematically and partially, an embodiment of an electronic device incorporating an antenna of the type of that of the figure 3 .

On retrouve les circuits électroniques 1 (ICs) du dispositif, susceptibles d'échanger des signaux (liaison 12) avec une tête 2 d'émission-réception radiofréquence (CLF) constituant une interface entre ces circuits 1 et une antenne 3. Un réseau d'adaptation 4 (MATCHING), constituant un circuit d'accord en fréquence et d'adaptation d'impédance, est intercalé entre les entrées-sorties radiofréquences de la tête 2 et l'antenne 3. Dans l'exemple de la figure 4, on suppose une tête 2 comportant deux bornes de réception Rx et deux bornes d'émission Tx, de signaux de mode différentiel.We find the electronic circuits 1 (ICs) of the device, capable of exchanging signals (link 12) with a radiofrequency transmission-reception head 2 (CLF) forming an interface between these circuits 1 and an antenna 3. A network of Adaptation 4 (MATCHING) constituting a frequency matching and impedance matching circuit, is interposed between the radiofrequency input-outputs of the head 2 and the antenna 3. In the example of FIG. figure 4 a head 2 having two reception terminals Rx and two transmitting terminals Tx of differential mode signals is assumed.

Les bornes Rx et les bornes Tx de la tête 2 sont destinées à être connectées aux extrémités de l'enroulement de l'antenne, par l'intermédiaire du réseau d'adaptation 4. Ce réseau d'adaptation 4 comporte au moins un élément capacitif en série entre chaque borne Rx ou Tx et l'extrémité de l'enroulement à laquelle cette borne doit être reliée. Par exemple, des condensateurs Cs sont intercalés entre les bornes Tx et les extrémités 32 et 34 et des condensateurs Crx sont intercalés entre les bornes Rx et les extrémités 32 et 34. En outre un élément capacitif Cp relie généralement les extrémités 32 et 34 entre elles. Les condensateurs du réseau 4, et notamment le condensateur Cp, participent à l'accord en fréquence du circuit oscillant comportant l'antenne 3, à la fois en mode lecteur (génération d'un champ) en adaptant l'impédance de sortie vue des bornes Tx à l'impédance de l'antenne, et en mode carte ou réception en adaptant l'impédance pour présenter un circuit résonant ayant une fréquence de résonance proche de la fréquence de la porteuse.The terminals Rx and the terminals Tx of the head 2 are intended to be connected to the ends of the winding of the antenna, via the matching network 4. This matching network 4 comprises at least one capacitive element in series between each terminal Rx or Tx and the end of the winding to which this terminal is to be connected. For example, capacitors Cs are interposed between terminals Tx and ends 32 and 34 and capacitors Crx are interposed between terminals Rx and ends 32 and 34. In addition, a capacitive element Cp generally connects ends 32 and 34 together. . The capacitors of the network 4, and in particular the capacitor Cp, participate in the tuning of the frequency of the oscillating circuit comprising the antenna 3, both in reader mode (generation of a field) by adapting the output impedance seen in FIG. Tx terminals at the antenna impedance, and in card or receive mode adapting the impedance to present a resonant circuit having a resonant frequency close to the frequency of the carrier.

Alors que l'on pourrait penser préjudiciable de connecter une des extrémités de l'enroulement 3 à la masse car cela introduirait une composante de mode commun dans les signaux reçus ou émis par la tête 2, la présence au niveau du réseau d'adaptation 4 de condensateurs série, entre chaque borne du circuit 2 et l'extrémité 32 ou 34 à laquelle cette borne est reliée, filtre cette composante de mode commun qui serait autrement apportée par la masse.While it might be thought detrimental to connect one end of the winding 3 to ground as this would introduce a common mode component in the signals received or emitted by the head 2, the presence at the level of the adaptation network 4 series capacitors, between each terminal of the circuit 2 and the end 32 or 34 to which this terminal is connected, filters this common mode component that would otherwise be provided by the mass.

Les deux extrémités 32 et 34 de l'enroulement 3 sont connectées au réseau d'adaptation 4 par fils isolés 42 et/ou par pistes conductrices déposées sur une couche isolante (non représentée) recouvrant, au moins partiellement, la face interne de la plaque 5.The two ends 32 and 34 of the winding 3 are connected to the matching network 4 by insulated wires 42 and / or by conductive tracks deposited on an insulating layer (not shown) covering, at least partially, the internal face of the plate 5.

Les figures 5A et 5B sont des représentations schématiques de deux modes de réalisation d'une antenne 3.The Figures 5A and 5B are schematic representations of two embodiments of an antenna 3.

La figure 5A illustre la réalisation d'une antenne 3 sous la forme d'un enroulement plan circulaire entouré par un tronçon conducteur 5, également circulaire. Dans l'exemple de la figure 5A, l'extrémité externe de l'enroulement 3 est connectée au tronçon 5.The Figure 5A illustrates the embodiment of an antenna 3 in the form of a circular plane winding surrounded by a conductive section 5, also circular. In the example of the Figure 5A the outer end of the winding 3 is connected to the section 5.

La figure 5B illustre le cas d'un enroulement conducteur plan 3 de forme carrée, placé dans une ouverture 52, elle-même de forme carrée, réalisée dans un plan métallique 5. Dans l'exemple de la figure 5B, l'extrémité interne de l'enroulement 3 est connectée au tronçon 5.The Figure 5B illustrates the case of a planar conductive winding 3 of square shape, placed in an opening 52, itself of square shape, made in a metal plane 5. In the example of the Figure 5B the inner end of the winding 3 is connected to the section 5.

La figure 6 représente une variante d'un mode de réalisation d'un réseau d'adaptation 4' entre une antenne 3 et une tête radiofréquence. Il s'agit, par exemple, d'un cas où les modes émission et réception sont chacun associés à une antenne distincte.The figure 6 represents a variant of an embodiment of an adaptation network 4 'between an antenna 3 and a radiofrequency head. This is, for example, a case where the transmit and receive modes are each associated with a separate antenna.

Dans cet exemple, on suppose que l'antenne ne sert qu'à recevoir des données et à renvoyer des données par modulation de charge (mode émulation carte). Le réseau 4' comporte alors un condensateur Crx entre chaque borne Rx et l'extrémité 32 ou 34 de l'antenne à laquelle la borne doit être reliée et un condensateur Cp reliant les deux extrémités 32 et 34 de l'antenne.In this example, it is assumed that the antenna serves only to receive data and to return data by load modulation (card emulation mode). The network 4 'then has a capacitor Crx between each terminal Rx and the end 32 or 34 of the antenna to which the terminal is to be connected and a capacitor Cp connecting the two ends 32 and 34 of the antenna.

La figure 7 est une vue, à rapprocher de celle de la figure 2A, d'un capot métallique d'un dispositif électronique.The figure 7 is a view, closer to that of the Figure 2A , a metal hood of an electronic device.

Comme il ressort de cette figure 7, l'ouverture 52 (ici circulaire), par exemple pour une caméra électronique, un microphone, un capteur de luminosité, etc., dans laquelle est placée l'antenne 3 (non représentée en figure 7) présente un contour fermé et ne débouche pas dans un des bords du capot 5.As is apparent from this figure 7 the aperture 52 (here circular), for example for an electronic camera, a microphone, a brightness sensor, etc., in which the antenna 3 (not shown in FIG. figure 7 ) has a closed contour and does not open into one of the edges of the cover 5.

A titre d'exemple particulier de réalisation, l'enroulement 3 présente un diamètre externe ou s'inscrit dans un diamètre compris entre environ 5 et environ 20 mm et le centre de l'enroulement présente un diamètre ou s'inscrit dans un diamètre compris entre 2 et 5 mm.As a particular embodiment, the winding 3 has an outer diameter or is in a diameter of between about 5 and about 20 mm and the center of the winding has a diameter or is in a diameter included between 2 and 5 mm.

Un avantage des modes de réalisation décrits est qu'il est désormais possible d'associer une antenne à un dispositif équipé d'une paroi métallique.An advantage of the embodiments described is that it is now possible to associate an antenna with a device equipped with a metal wall.

Un autre avantage est qu'il n'est pas nécessaire d'interrompre la continuité électrique d'un tel environnement métallique autour de l'antenne, celle-ci pouvant désormais être entourée d'un plan de masse.Another advantage is that it is not necessary to interrupt the electrical continuity of such a metallic environment around the antenna, it can now be surrounded by a ground plane.

Les performances d'une antenne ainsi réalisée sont considérablement améliorées.The performance of an antenna thus produced is considerably improved.

Ainsi, l'inventeur a pu réaliser les mesures comparatives suivantes. Une antenne de 6 mm de diamètre inscrite dans une ouverture carrée de 10 mm de côté présente un niveau de rétromodulation à 3 cm de l'antenne d'un lecteur de test de 3 à 4 fois supérieur au niveau obtenu pour une même antenne dont l'extrémité externe de l'enroulement n'est pas connectée au plan de masse.Thus, the inventor was able to make the following comparative measurements. An antenna 6 mm in diameter inscribed in a square opening of 10 mm side has a level of retromodulation to 3 cm from the antenna of a test drive 3 to 4 times higher than the level obtained for the same antenna whose outer end of the winding is not connected to the ground plane.

Selon un autre exemple d'application, une antenne réalisée avec une connexion d'une extrémité à un plan de masse est formée en face arrière (généralement métallique) d'un écran plat à cristaux liquide et connectée à la masse de celui-ci.According to another application example, an antenna made with a connection from one end to a ground plane is formed on the rear face (generally metallic) of a liquid crystal flat screen and connected to the ground thereof.

Divers modes de réalisation ont été décrits. Diverses variantes et modifications apparaîtront à l'homme de l'art. En particulier, la forme du plan métallique entourant l'antenne et auquel elle est connectée dépend des applications et de la forme du dispositif électronique dans lequel l'antenne est intégrée. De même, la forme de l'ouverture réalisée dans le plan métallique dépend des applications et différentes variantes sont possibles pourvu que cette ouverture soit fermée, c'est-à-dire qu'elle ne débouche pas dans un des bords du plan. Par ailleurs, on pourra prévoir d'autres constitutions de réseau d'adaptation 4, pourvu de respecter une isolation du mode commun entre les bornes du circuit 2 d'émission et/ou réception et les extrémités 32 et 34 de l'enroulement formant l'antenne 3. En outre, les modes de réalisation décrits sont particulièrement adaptés à des circuits réalisant une rétromodulation active, c'est-à-dire ne se contentant pas de moduler la charge de l'antenne mais participant à lui fournir une énergie. Enfin, la mise en oeuvre pratique des modes de réalisation qui ont été décrits est à la portée de l'homme du métier à partir des indications fonctionnelles données ci-dessus.Various embodiments have been described. Various variations and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In particular, the shape of the metal plane surrounding the antenna and to which it is connected depends on the applications and the shape of the electronic device in which the antenna is integrated. Similarly, the shape of the opening made in the metal plane depends on the applications and different variants are possible provided that this opening is closed, that is to say, it does not open into one of the edges of the plane. Furthermore, it will be possible to provide other arrangements of adaptation network 4, provided to respect a common mode isolation between the terminals of the transmission circuit 2 and / or reception and the ends 32 and 34 of the winding forming the In addition, the described embodiments are particularly suitable for circuits performing active retromodulation, that is to say not only modulate the load of the antenna but participate in providing it with energy. Finally, the practical implementation of the embodiments that have been described is within the abilities of those skilled in the art from the functional indications given above.

Claims (11)

Antenne de communication radiofréquence ou de transfert d'énergie, réalisée sous la forme d'un enroulement conducteur plan (3), dans laquelle une des deux extrémités (32, 34) de l'enroulement plan est connectée directement à un tronçon ou plan métallique (5) qui entoure l'enroulement plan sans interruption.Antenna for radiofrequency communication or energy transfer, in the form of a plane conductive winding (3), in which one of the two ends (32, 34) of the planar winding is connected directly to a metal section or plane (5) surrounding the planar winding without interruption. Antenne selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le tronçon ou plan métallique (5) est destiné à être connecté à la masse.Antenna according to claim 1, wherein the section or metal plane (5) is intended to be connected to ground. Antenne selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle l'extrémité connectée au tronçon ou plan (5) est l'extrémité externe (34) de l'enroulement.Antenna according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the end connected to the section or plane (5) is the outer end (34) of the winding. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle le plan (5) comporte une ouverture (52) dans laquelle est placé l'enroulement plan (3).Antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the plane (5) has an opening (52) in which is placed the plane winding (3). Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans laquelle l'enroulement (3) s'inscrit dans un diamètre externe compris entre environ 5 et environ 20 mm.Antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the winding (3) is in an outer diameter of between about 5 and about 20 mm. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans laquelle le centre de l'enroulement (3) s'inscrit dans un diamètre compris entre 2 et 5 mm.Antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the center of the winding (3) is in a diameter of between 2 and 5 mm. Circuit radiofréquence comportant : une antenne conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 ; une tête radiofréquence (2) ; et un réseau d'adaptation (4) pourvu, entre chaque extrémité de l'enroulement (32, 34) et une borne du circuit, d'un premier élément capacitif (Cs, Crx). Radio frequency circuit comprising: an antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5; a radiofrequency head (2); and an adaptation network (4) provided, between each end of the winding (32, 34) and a terminal of the circuit, of a first capacitive element (Cs, Crx). Circuit selon la revendication 7, dans lequel le réseau d'adaptation (4) comporte en outre un deuxième élément capacitif (Cp) reliant les deux extrémités (32, 34) de l'enroulement (3).Circuit according to claim 7, wherein the matching network (4) further comprises a second capacitive element (Cp) connecting the two ends (32, 34) of the winding (3). Dispositif électronique intégrant une antenne conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 et/ou un circuit radiofréquence selon la revendication 7 ou 8.An electronic device incorporating an antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and / or a radio frequency circuit according to claim 7 or 8. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, dans lequel l'ouverture (52) du plan métallique (5) est destinée à recevoir une caméra, un microphone ou un capteur de luminosité.Device according to claim 9, wherein the opening (52) of the metal plane (5) is intended to receive a camera, a microphone or a brightness sensor. Dispositif selon la revendication 9 ou 10, dans lequel le plan métallique (5) est un capot de téléphone mobile.Device according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the metal plane (5) is a mobile phone cover.
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US10020580B2 (en) 2018-07-10
US20160181696A1 (en) 2016-06-23
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FR3030908B1 (en) 2016-12-09
FR3030908A1 (en) 2016-06-24

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