EP3032638B1 - Abstrahlendes Kabel und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines abstrahlenden Kabels - Google Patents

Abstrahlendes Kabel und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines abstrahlenden Kabels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3032638B1
EP3032638B1 EP14197836.1A EP14197836A EP3032638B1 EP 3032638 B1 EP3032638 B1 EP 3032638B1 EP 14197836 A EP14197836 A EP 14197836A EP 3032638 B1 EP3032638 B1 EP 3032638B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cable
leg
longitudinal axis
apertures
aperture
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EP14197836.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3032638A1 (de
Inventor
Moustafa Raya
Erhard Mahlandt
Axel Schröder
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Nokia Shanghai Bell Co Ltd
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Nokia Shanghai Bell Co Ltd
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Priority to EP14197836.1A priority Critical patent/EP3032638B1/de
Publication of EP3032638A1 publication Critical patent/EP3032638A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/007—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas specially adapted for indoor communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/203—Leaky coaxial lines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radiating cable for radiating electromagnetic energy.
  • the invention further relates to a method of manufacturing such radiating cable.
  • Conventional radiating cables are generally formed from a coaxial cable comprising a conductive core defining the longitudinal axis of the cable and surrounded by an intermediate insulating medium, particularly sheath, of a dielectric material, an outer conductor provided with usually regularly spaced apertures or slots for the passage of electromagnetic radiation, and a protective outer insulating jacket.
  • an intermediate insulating medium particularly sheath
  • an outer conductor provided with usually regularly spaced apertures or slots for the passage of electromagnetic radiation
  • a protective outer insulating jacket By virtue of the apertures formed in the outer conductor, a portion of the power flowing in the cable and transmitted from a transmitting source is coupled to the exterior.
  • the cable thus acts as an antenna and the power coupled to the exterior is called the radiated power. Due to their characteristics, radiating cables may be used under conditions in which signals radiated from a point source are attenuated rapidly, e.g. for forming a distributed antenna system.
  • Conventional radiating cables functioning as a distributed antenna facilitate e.g. radio communication where the usual free space propagation of electromagnetic waves is hampered, undesired or impossible, for example in tunnels, mines, buildings, alongside tracks or lines and in large complexes like exhibition grounds or airports.
  • Slots in the outer conductor e.g. formed of copper
  • a signal transmitted near the cable will couple into the slots and will be carried along the cable length.
  • a radiating cable may be used for both one-way and two-way communication systems.
  • EP 2169769 A1 discloses a radiating cable wherein an outer conductor has a plurality of apertures each having two sides and enclosing an angle.
  • US 3 696 433 A discloses a resonant slot antenna structure.
  • FR 2 096 222 A5 discloses an apparatus for automatically controlling a mobile object.
  • FR 1 134 384 discloses an antenna system.
  • EP 0 087 683 a radiant-slot television aerial, especially for indoor use.
  • this object is achieved by the feature combination of claim 1.
  • even a dominant vertical polarization may be achieved, i.e. the amount of radiated energy with vertical polarization may exceed the amount of radiated energy associated with other types of polarization.
  • said first leg and/or said second leg comprise a substantially polygonal shape, which reduces manufacturing costs.
  • At least one of said legs comprises a substantially rectangular shape, which further reduces manufacturing costs due to its comparatively low complexity.
  • At least one of said legs comprises a substantially trapezoidal shape.
  • the radiating cable may e.g. comprise at least one aperture a first leg of which comprises a substantially trapezoidal or a substantially triangular shape or a substantially rectangular or a substantially polygonal shape, wherein a second leg of said at least one aperture comprises a same or different shape, wherein in case of a different shape, the second leg is not limited to any of the aforementioned variants of the shape of the first leg.
  • said first leg and/or said second leg comprises in a respective axial end section a tip section with a width changing along the longitudinal axis of said cable, wherein said tip section preferably comprises a basically triangular shape.
  • said tip section preferably comprises a basically triangular shape.
  • said first leg and/or said second leg comprises at least one edge with a serrated and/or meandering shape. According to Applicant's analysis, this leads to an increased phase difference between currents flowing within different edges of said aperture thus contributing to a further increased portion of vertically polarized radiation.
  • At least two apertures are arranged along said longitudinal axis and/or along a circumference of said cable. Firstly, this ensures that the radiating cable may advantageously serve as a distributed antenna system radiating, preferably mainly vertically polarized, electromagnetic radiation at various spatial positions along the radiating cable. Secondly, the working bandwidth of the radiating cable may advantageously be increased, especially by providing several apertures arranged along a circumference of the cable, i.e. in a dimension at least different from, or particularly orthogonal to, said longitudinal axis.
  • a specific group of apertures may comprise a number of apertures with same shape or with different shape or shapes, respectively.
  • groups of several, preferably four, apertures each are arranged along said longitudinal axis, preferably periodically.
  • such group may comprise a predetermined number of apertures which are arranged within a first longitudinal coordinate range of said cable, said apertures of said group being arranged along said longitudinal coordinate range and/or along the circumference of said cable.
  • one or more further groups of apertures of same or different structure may be arranged within further longitudinal coordinate ranges of said cable, said further longitudinal coordinate ranges being different from said first longitudinal coordinate range.
  • FIG. 1a schematically depicts a side view of a portion of a radiating cable 10 according to an embodiment.
  • the cable 10 comprises an outer conductor 12 surrounding a longitudinal axis 14 of the cable 10.
  • the cable 10 may comprise one or more inner conductors which are provided radially inwards of said outer conductor 12 and which may be separated from said outer conductor 12 and/or from each other in an electrically isolating fashion by means of insulating means such as dielectric sheaths or other suitable dielectric components.
  • an insulating jacket may be provided on a radial outer surface of said outer conductor 12. Said inner conductor(s) and the insulating jacket are not shown for the sake of clarity.
  • said outer conductor 12 has a plurality of apertures 120 one of which is exemplarily depicted by Fig. 1a , wherein said aperture 120 comprises a first basically slot-shaped leg 122 and a second basically slot-shaped leg 124.
  • a longitudinal axis 1220 of said first leg 122 is parallel to the longitudinal axis 14 of said cable 10, and a first angle ⁇ (also cf. Fig. 1b ) between a longitudinal axis 1240 of said second leg 124 and said longitudinal axis 14 of said cable 10 comprises a value larger than 0 degrees and smaller than 180 degrees.
  • slot-shaped defines a basically oblong geometry with a length dimension and a width dimension, wherein a size of said slot-shaped geometry along said length dimension is larger than a size of said slot-shaped geometry along said width dimension.
  • slot-shaped geometry may particularly be constituted by either one of the following shapes: a substantially polygonal shape and/or a substantially rectangular shape and/or a substantially trapezoidal shape and/or a substantially triangular shape.
  • the presence of the aperture 120 in the outer conductor 12 of the cable 10 enables a portion of electromagnetic energy transported by said cable 10 to be radiated to the exterior of the cable 10 thus e.g. providing functionality for distributed antenna systems.
  • the cable 10 may be designed as a coaxial cable with one inner conductor (not shown), e.g. arranged along the longitudinal axis 14 radially inward of said outer conductor 12.
  • the geometry with angle ⁇ enables to attain a particularly high degree of vertically polarized electromagnetic energy radiated from said cable 10 through its aperture(s) 120.
  • Figure 1b depicts geometric details of the aperture according to Figure 1a .
  • the angle ⁇ is chosen to approximately 30 degrees, and both legs 122, 124 comprise a substantially rectangular shape with an aspect ratio (ratio of length to width) larger than 2.
  • the length 11 of the first leg 122 may also exceed the length 12 of the second leg 124, i.e. 11 > 12 or vice versa, i.e. 11 ⁇ 12.
  • An aggregated length of the aperture 120 measured along the longitudinal axis 14 ( Fig. 1a ) is denoted with reference sign 112
  • an aggregated height of the aperture 120 measured in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 14 ( Fig. 1a ) is denoted with reference sign w12.
  • Figure 2 schematically depicts a side view of a portion of a radiating cable 10a according to a further embodiment, wherein a value of angle ⁇ is larger than 90 degrees.
  • both legs 122, 124 comprise a substantially rectangular shape.
  • Figure 3a schematically depicts a side view of a portion of a radiating cable 10b according to a further embodiment
  • Figure 3b depicts geometric details of said radiating cable 10b Figure 3a
  • the radiating cable 10b comprises an aperture 120 the two legs 122, 124 of which each comprise basically trapezoidal shape, with an angle ⁇ of about 30 degrees between the longitudinal axes 1220, 1240 of the respective legs 122, 124.
  • said first leg 122 and said second leg 124 comprise in a respective axial end section a tip section or tip 1222, 1242 with a width changing along the longitudinal axis 14 of said cable 10b, wherein said tip section 1222, 1242 preferably comprises a basically triangular shape.
  • the tip which may be present at both legs' end sections or - according to a further embodiment - only at one of said legs' end sections advantageously effects a comparatively smooth, continuous impedance transformation along said aggregated length 112 ( Figure 3b ) of the aperture 120 measured along the longitudinal axis 14, which reduces undesired reflections of electromagnetic waves passing said tip sections.
  • the degree of vertical polarization radiated from said aperture 120 may further be increased.
  • the geometric parameters of the aperture 120 of the cable 10b of Fig. 3b are chosen as follows: length 11 of first leg 122 (measured along longitudinal axis 14, cf. reference numeral 11 of Fig. 1b ) is about 16.2 mm, length 12 of second leg 124 (measured along longitudinal axis 1242) is about 26.2 mm, ⁇ is about 13.2°, w12 (also cf. Fig. 1b ) is about 6 mm, and w1 is about 3 mm.
  • Figure 4 schematically depicts a side view of a portion of a radiating cable 10c according to a further embodiment, wherein said first leg 122 comprises at least one edge e1 with a serrated and/or meandering shape. This leads to an increased phase difference between currents flowing within different edges of said aperture 120 thus contributing to a further increased portion of vertically polarized radiation.
  • the serrated or meandering shape is not limited to the depicted edge e1 of the first leg 122, but may also be comprised at another edge of the first leg 122 and/or of the second leg 124.
  • Figure 5 schematically depicts a side view of a portion of a radiating cable 10d according to a further embodiment, wherein two apertures 120_1, 120_2 are arranged along the longitudinal axis 14 of the cable 10d with a distance therebetween. More precisely, the first aperture 120_1 extends between coordinates x0, x1 of a coordinate axis x which is parallel to the longitudinal axis 14 of the cable 10d, and the second aperture 120_2 extends between coordinates x2, x3 of said coordinate axis x. In other words, an offset between the neighboring apertures 120_1, 120_2 measured between coordinates x1, x3, corresponds to distance P1.
  • further apertures may also be arranged at said cable 10d having same or different offsets P1 from the apertures 120_1, 120_2.
  • said further apertures may also comprise a same shape as that of the apertures 120_1, 120_2, which basically corresponds to Fig. 3a , 3b .
  • at least one of said further apertures may comprise a different shape.
  • Figure 6a , 6b schematically depict operational scenarios of radiating cables according to further embodiments, wherein said cables are mounted to a wall 300.
  • Figure 6a depicts a front view of a radiating cable 10e, i.e. the longitudinal axis 14 or the coordinate axis x extends perpendicular to the drawing plane of Fig. 6a .
  • two apertures 120_3, 120_4 are arranged in the outer conductor of cable 10e at a same x coordinate, e.g. in the drawing plane of Fig. 6a .
  • the electromagnetic radiation emanated from aperture 120_3 is designated with reference sign R3
  • the electromagnetic radiation emanated from aperture 120_4 is designated with reference sign R4, and the superposed radiation of both said apertures 120_3, 120_4 is designated as R34.
  • both angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 comprise about the same absolute value so that a symmetrical arrangement with reference to the z axis, said z axis representing a horizontal line in Fig. 6a , is given.
  • Figure 6b depicts a front view of a radiating cable 10g, wherein, similar to the Figure 6a embodiment, two apertures are arranged at a same longitudinal axis position (i.e., x coordinate), i.e. presently in the drawing plane of Fig. 6b . Said apertures are marked by the cross signs in Figure 6b .
  • Figure 7 schematically depicts a side view of a portion of a radiating cable 10f with several groups G1, G2 of apertures.
  • the first aperture group G1 comprises four apertures 120_4 of similar shape, as does the second aperture group G2.
  • a specific group G1, G2 of apertures may comprise a number of apertures with same shape or with different shape or shapes, respectively.
  • the groups G1, G2 of four apertures 120_4 each are arranged along said longitudinal axis 14 of the cable 10f, which is parallel to the x axis depicted in Figure 7 .
  • the cable 10f may comprise more aperture groups than the two depicted groups G1, G2, wherein said further groups are preferably arranged periodically along the x axis.
  • an aperture group G1, G2 may comprise a predetermined number of apertures 120_4 which are arranged within a first longitudinal coordinate range of said cable 10f, said apertures of said group being arranged along said longitudinal coordinate range and/or along the circumference of said cable.
  • the first longitudinal coordinate range is denoted by reference signs x51, x52.
  • two apertures each are arranged along the circumference of said cable 10f with an angle ⁇ 3 defined therebetween.
  • the apertures 120_4 of the first group G1 extend longitudinally between x coordinates x41, x42, with an offset P2 between the groups G1, G2.
  • a longitudinal spacing between two apertures arranged at the same angular position along the circumference of the cable 10f is designated as P41, defining a longitudinal offset P32 therebetween.
  • a longitudinal offset between the two lower apertures of group G2 of Figure 7 and the two upper apertures is denoted with reference sign P42, and the longitudinal offset between said upper apertures is denoted as P31.
  • x51, P42 are chosen such that beginning/end sections of the upper left aperture of group G2 in Fig. 7 and the lower right aperture of group G2 in Fig. 7 coincide at x coordinate x6.
  • one or more further groups of apertures of same or different structure may be arranged within further longitudinal coordinate ranges of said cable, said further longitudinal coordinate ranges being different from said first longitudinal coordinate range.
  • the following geometric relations are proposed for an efficient mode suppression which increases the operational bandwidth of the cable 10f.
  • certain deviations from said geometric relations are tolerable, e.g. in the magnitude of about 20 percent. I.e., it is acceptable if e.g. P31 > 0.8*(P2/4) and P31 ⁇ 1.2*(P2/4), and so on.
  • Figure 8 schematically depicts a side view of a portion of a radiating cable with several groups G3, G4 of apertures according to a further embodiment.
  • the groups G3, G4 are offset along the longitudinal coordinate axis x by an offset P5.
  • Each group G3, G4 comprises two subgroups G41, G42, each of said subgroups G41, G42 having four apertures each and comprising a structure similar to the groups G1, G2 explained above with reference to Fig. 7 .
  • Offset value P62 of Fig. 8 corresponds to offset value P32 of Fig. 7
  • offset value P63 of Fig. 8 corresponds to offset P42 of Fig. 7 .
  • An offset between the subgroups G41, G42 is denoted with reference sign P61.
  • the following geometric relations are proposed for an efficient mode suppression which increases the operational bandwidth of the cable depicted by Fig. 8 .
  • P61 P5 / 4.
  • P62 P5 / 6.
  • P63 P5 / 8.
  • certain deviations from said geometric relations are tolerable, e.g. in the magnitude of about 20 percent.
  • P5 may e.g. be chosen to 244mm (millimeter).
  • an angular distance between the upper row of apertures and the lower row of apertures in Fig. 8 ranges between 0° and 45°.
  • Curve c1 denotes vertical polarization
  • curve c2 denotes radial polarization
  • curve c3 denotes parallel polarization.
  • Figure 10 schematically depicts an operational scenario of a radiating cable 10h together with symbolically depicted dipoles D1, D2, D3, wherein first dipole D1 is a radial dipole with respect to cable 10h, wherein second dipole D2 is arranged vertically with respect to cable 10h, and wherein dipole D3 is arranged parallel with respect to cable 10h.
  • Said dipoles D1, D2, D3 illustrate the different polarization orientations also used for obtaining the curves c1, c2, c3 of Fig. 9 .
  • Figure 11c schematically depicts a reflection chart with a relative reflection r over a frequency f in the frequency range (f3, f4) according to an embodiment.
  • Step 200 represents a method of manufacturing a radiating cable 10 for radiating electromagnetic energy, said method comprising: providing an outer conductor 12 ( Fig. 1a ) surrounding a longitudinal axis 14 of the cable 10, wherein the outer conductor 12 has a plurality of apertures 120, wherein at least one aperture 120 comprises a first basically slot-shaped leg 122 and a second basically slot-shaped leg 124, wherein a longitudinal axis 1220 of said first leg 122 is parallel to the longitudinal axis 14 of said cable 10, and wherein a first angle ⁇ ( Fig. 1b ) between a longitudinal axis 1240 of said second leg 124 and said longitudinal axis 14 of said cable 10 comprises a value larger than 0 degrees and smaller than 180 degrees.
  • Figures 13a to 13c schematically depict shapes of apertures according to further embodiments.
  • the aperture 120a of Fig. 13a comprises two legs 122, 124 each of which has a substantially triangular shape, specifically being based on a right triangle, with an angle between the legs' longitudinal axes 1220, 1240 as explained above with respect to Fig. 1a .
  • the aperture 120b of Fig. 13b comprises two legs each of which has a substantially triangular shape, with an angle between the legs' longitudinal axes 1220, 1240 as explained above with respect to Fig. 1a .
  • the aperture 120c of Fig. 13c comprises two legs each of which has a substantially triangular shape, with an angle between the legs' longitudinal axes 1220, 1240 as explained above with respect to Fig. 1a .
  • Figure 14a , 14b schematically depict sections of radiating cables 10i similar to the configuration of Fig. 1a , wherein further advantageous shapes of apertures according to further embodiments are exemplarily depicted.
  • apertures 120_5, 120_7, 120_11, 120_12, 120_13 basically comprise a geometry with two legs 122, 124 each, wherein each leg comprises triangular shape
  • shapes 120_6, 120_8 basically comprise a geometry with two triangular legs each, said two legs being connected with each other by means of a basically rectangular center section cs.
  • Aperture shape 120_9 comprises a concatenation of four basically rectangular sections r1, r2, r3, r4, and aperture 120_10 basically comprises an S-shape.
  • Aperture 120_14, cf. Fig. 14b basically comprises two legs 122, 124, each of which approximately comprises quadrilateral or rhombus form.
  • Figure 15a to 15d schematically depict various shapes of apertures according to further embodiments.
  • Figure 15a depicts an aperture 1200 which comprises a polygonal shape having six vertices V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6 adjacent to each other.
  • the six vertices V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6 are arranged counter-clockwise, i.e. in a mathematical positive sense, and are ordered, which means that in the mentioned counter-clockwise sense, the second vertex V2 follows the first vertex V1, ..., and that finally the first vertex V1 follows the sixth vertex V6 closing the presently hexagonal contour of the aperture.
  • the edges E12, E23, E34, E45, E56, E61 connecting subsequent vertices V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6 with each other are ordered.
  • a second vertex V2 and a fifth vertex V5 define a center region cr of said aperture 1200, wherein a distance d1 between said second vertex V2 and said fifth vertex V5 is smaller than a length of any of said six edges E12, E23, E34, E45, E56, E61, preferably smaller than 20 percent of a length of any of said six edges E12, E23, E34, E45, E56, E61.
  • the first angle ⁇ 1 and/or said fourth angle ⁇ 4 are acute angles, i.e. ⁇ 1 ⁇ 90° and/or ⁇ 4 ⁇ 90°.
  • the second angle ⁇ 2 and/or said fifth angle ⁇ 5 are larger than 180°.
  • the third angle ⁇ 3 and/or the sixth angle ⁇ 6 are larger than 90°, but smaller than 180°.
  • the length of the third and/or sixth edge(s) E34, E61 is smaller than the length of either of the first, second, fourth, or fifth edge E12, E23, E45, E56.
  • Figure 15b depicts an aperture 1200a which comprises a polygonal shape having six vertices V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6 adjacent to each other, similar to the embodiment of Fig. 15a .
  • a second vertex V2 and a third vertex V3 are connected with each other by a second edge E23, wherein a fifth vertex V5 and a sixth vertex V6 are connected with each other by a fifth edge E56, wherein a distance d2 between said second edge E23 and said fifth edge E56 is smaller than a length of any of said six edges E12, E23, E34, E45, E56, E61, preferably smaller than 20 percent of a length of any of said six edges E12, E23, E34, E45, E56, E61.
  • the first angle ⁇ 1 and/or said fourth angle ⁇ 4 of the aperture 1200a of Fig. 15b are acute angles, i.e. ⁇ 1 ⁇ 90° and/or ⁇ 4 ⁇ 90°, preferably ⁇ 1 ⁇ 30° and/or ⁇ 4 ⁇ 30°.
  • the second angle ⁇ 2 and/or said fifth angle ⁇ 5 are larger than 180°, preferably ranging from about 210° to about 250°.
  • the third angle ⁇ 3 and/or the sixth angle ⁇ 6 are larger than 90°, but smaller than 150°.
  • Figure 15c also depicts an aperture 1200b which comprises a polygonal shape having six vertices V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6 adjacent to each other.
  • a distance d2' between the second edge E23 and the fifth edge E56 is smaller than a length of any of the further edges E12, E34, E45, E56, E67 of said aperture 1200b.
  • the second edge E23 and the fifth edge E56 are substantially parallel (i.e., with a deviation of maximum 10 degrees) to each other.
  • the length of either of the second edge E23, the fourth edge E45 or the sixth edge E67 is smaller than a length of any of the edges E12, E34, E56.
  • the length of the fifth edge E56 is larger than a length of any of the further edges E12, E23, E34, E45, E67.
  • the first angle ⁇ 1 and/or said fourth angle ⁇ 4 and/or said sixth angle ⁇ 6 of the aperture 1200b of Fig. 15c are acute angles, i.e. ⁇ 1 ⁇ 90° and/or ⁇ 4 ⁇ 90° and/or ⁇ 6 ⁇ 90°.
  • the second angle ⁇ 2 and/or said third angle ⁇ 3 are larger than 180°, preferably ranging from about 190° to about 220°.
  • the fifth angle ⁇ 5 is larger than 90° and/or the sixth angle ⁇ 6 is smaller than 90°.
  • Figure 15d depicts an aperture 1200c which comprises a polygonal shape having eight vertices V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, V8 adjacent to each other. Eight edges E12, E23, E34, E45, E56, E67, E78, E81 are provided connecting adjacent vertices V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, V8 with each other.
  • a third vertex V3 and a seventh vertex V7 define a center region cr' of said aperture 1200c, wherein a distance (not shown) between said third vertex V3 and said seventh vertex V7 a) is smaller than a length of any of said eight edges E12, E23, E34, E45, E56, E67, E78, E81, preferably smaller than 20 percent of a length of any of said eight edges, and/or wherein b) said distance between said third vertex V3 and said seventh vertex V7 is smaller than a distance between a second vertex V2 and an eighth vertex V8 and/or smaller than a distance between a fourth vertex V4 and a sixth vertex V6.
  • the second edge E23 is substantially parallel (i.e., with a deviation of maximum 10 degrees) to the fourth edge E45 and/or to the sixth edge E67 and/or to the eight edge E81.
  • the first edge E12 is substantially parallel (i.e., with a deviation of maximum 10 degrees) to the third edge E34 and/or to the fifth edge E56 and/or to the seventh edge E78.
  • a length of any of the second, third, sixth and seventh edges E23, E34, E67, E78 is in a first range, and at least one of the further edges E12, E45, E56, E81, preferably all further edges E12, E45, E56, E81, comprises a length exceeding said first range.
  • the first angle ⁇ 1 and/or said fifth angle ⁇ 5 of the aperture 1200c of Fig. 15d are acute angles, i.e. ⁇ 1 ⁇ 90° and/or ⁇ 5 ⁇ 90°, preferably ⁇ 1 ⁇ 40° and/or ⁇ 5 ⁇ 40°.
  • the second angle ⁇ 2 and/or said fourth angle ⁇ 4 are larger than 90°, preferably ranging from about 120° to about 160°.
  • the sixth angle ⁇ 6 and/or said eighth angle ⁇ 8 are larger than 90°, preferably ranging from about 120° to about 160°.
  • the third angle ⁇ 3 is larger than 180° and/or the seventh angle ⁇ 7 is larger than 180°.
  • a radiating cable may be provided having one or more apertures of the type shown by Fig. 14a to Fig. 15d .
  • these apertures may also be grouped and/or arranged (either individually or as groups) along the longitudinal axis 14 and/or along a circumference of said cable 10.
  • the radiating cable according to the embodiments advantageously enables to attain a dominant vertical polarization regarding the electromagnetic radiation emitted through said apertures 120.
  • leaky coaxial cables on the basis of the radiating cable according to the embodiments are a good solution.
  • the radiation from the LCX should be also vertically polarized in order to enable efficiency transfer. This is attained by the embodiments.
  • non-vertical polarizations are invisible for the antenna of train and these can be considered as losses in this specific field of application. Generally, the higher the decoupling of vertically polarization, the less losses appear in the aforementioned application scenario.
  • the coupling loss level should be about 75dB or less.
  • the longitudinal losses should be less than 10dB, which may also advantageously be attained by employing the principle according to the embodiments.
  • the amount of required repeaters is decreased, which reduces costs.
  • the current vectors on the outer conductor of the radiating cable 10 ( Fig. 1a ) around the aperture 120 should distribute in a way that difference of phase appear between upper side and lower side of slot.
  • a TEM (transversal electromagnetic) wave will propagate along the cable 10, and the current will distribute parallel to the cable 10.
  • an aperture 120 advantageously an aperture 120 ( Fig.
  • first basically slot-shaped leg 122 and a second basically slot-shaped leg 124 wherein a longitudinal axis 1220 of said first leg 122 is parallel to the longitudinal axis 14 of said cable 10, and wherein a first angle ⁇ between a longitudinal axis 1240 of said second leg 124 and said longitudinal axis 14 of said cable 10 comprises a value larger than 0 degrees and smaller than 180 degrees.
  • a horizontal, basically rectangular, leg 122 with an inclined (cf. angle ⁇ ) leg 124 in order to achieve a dominant vertical polarization.
  • the inclined leg 124 acts as a reflector for transversal waves.
  • the current density is modified which forms a difference of phase from an upper portion of the aperture as compared to a lower portion of said aperture, seen along a circumference of said cable 10.
  • the difference of phases causes the radiation of vertical polarized waves and enables the cable according to the embodiments to yield a higher degree of vertical polarization.
  • a plurality (two or more) apertures 120_3, 120_4 may be distributed along a circumferential dimension 14' of the cable 10e ( Fig. 6a ), i.e. in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 14 ( Fig 1a ). According to some embodiments, it is possible to distribute the apertures vertically (along direction 14') on more than two levels, i.e. angular positions.
  • LCX are usually installed on walls 300 ( Fig. 6a ), where slots are aligned outward in order to radiate away from the wall 300 to the destination such as e.g. an antenna of a train (not shown) passing by.
  • R34 of Fig. 6a it shows the radiation of the two apertures 120_3, 120_4.
  • the main lobe should stay equal or greater than side lobes.
  • the sum angle ⁇ between the two apertures 120_3, 120_4 does not exceed 90°, in order to keep the bundling of the two apertures' radiations.
  • the aperture shape according to the embodiments in combination with the aperture grouping (said grouping enabling mode suppression) as e.g. exemplified by Fig. 8 has been simulated, and the results schematically depicted by Fig. 9 and 11b , 11c confirm the dominant vertical polarization (curve c1, Fig. 9 ).
  • Fig. 11b , 11c show how it is possible to suppress selected modes by applying the mode suppression methodology according to the embodiments.
  • the angle ⁇ should vary in range between 0 and 45 degrees, where the radiation level increases with increasing angle ⁇ .
  • asymmetrical aperture shapes with different lengths 11, 12 are also possible.
  • Main lobe is at 180° in direction of the wall 300.
  • the main part of radiation gets reflected or absorbed, depending on the wall's material and the operation frequency of the radiated RF energy. This case leads to high losses and is not recommendable.
  • Fig. 6b depicts a second scenario, wherein the apertures (symbolized by crosses "x" in Fig. 6b ) are placed asymmetrical to 0°, ⁇ 5 ⁇ 6.
  • 0° ⁇ 5 ⁇ 6 ⁇ 45° and ⁇ 5> ⁇ 6 The main lobe appears to the upper side between 0 and 45°, the side lobe being near 0 and 90°.
  • the main lobe turns to the lower side between 0 and -45°.
  • 45° ⁇ 5 ⁇ 6 ⁇ 90° The main lobe magnitude approaches the side lobes.
  • ⁇ 5> ⁇ 6 the main lobe appear at the corner between -90 and 180.
  • ⁇ 5 ⁇ 6 The main lobe appears at the corner between 90 and 180°. Both cases may cause high losses due to reflection and absorbing on walls 300 in tunnel installation according to an embodiment.
  • the principle according to the embodiments advantageously enables to design broad band vertically polarized radiating cables 10.
  • any block diagrams herein represent conceptual views of illustrative circuitry embodying the principles of the invention.
  • any flow charts, flow diagrams, state transition diagrams, pseudo code, and the like represent various processes which may be substantially represented in computer readable medium and so executed by a computer or processor, whether or not such computer or processor is explicitly shown.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Abstrahlendes Kabel (10; 10a; 10b; 10c; 10d; 10e; 10g; 10h) zum Abstrahlen elektromagnetischer Energie, umfassend einen Außenleiter (12), der eine Längsachse (14) des Kabels (10) umgibt, wobei der Außenleiter (12) eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen (120) aufweist, wobei mindestens eine Öffnung (120) einen ersten im Wesentlichen schlitzförmigen Schenkel (122) und einen zweiten im Wesentlichen schlitzförmigen Schenkel (124) umfasst, wobei eine Längsachse (1220) des ersten Schenkels (122) parallel zur Längsachse (14) des Kabels (10) verläuft, und wobei ein erster Winkel (Alpha) zwischen einer Längsachse (1240) des zweiten Schenkels (124) und der Längsachse (14) des Kabels (10) einen Wert größer als 0 Grad und kleiner als 180 Grad aufweist, wobei mindestens einer der Schenkel (122, 124) eine im Wesentlichen trapezartige Form aufweist, und wobei der erste Schenkel (122) und/oder der zweite Schenkel (124) in einem jeweiligen axialen Endabschnitt einen Spitzenabschnitt (1222, 1242) mit einer sich entlang der Längsachse (14) des Kabels (10b) ändernden Breite aufweist, wobei der Spitzenabschnitt (1222, 1242) vorzugsweise eine im Wesentlichen dreieckige Form aufweist.
  2. Kabel (10) nach Anspruch 1, wobei der erste Schenkel (122) und/oder der zweite Schenkel (124) eine im Wesentlichen polygonale Form aufweisen.
  3. Kabel (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei mindestens einer der Schenkel (122, 124) eine im Wesentlichen rechteckige Form aufweist.
  4. Kabel (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei mindestens einer der Schenkel (122, 124) eine im Wesentlichen dreieckige Form aufweist.
  5. Kabel (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der erste Schenkel (122) und/oder der zweite Schenkel (124) mindestens eine Kante (e1) mit einer gezahnten und/oder mäanderförmigen Form aufweist.
  6. Kabel (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei mindestens zwei Öffnungen (120_1, 120_2; 120_3, 120_4) entlang der Längsachse (14) und/oder entlang eines Umfangs (14') des Kabels (10) angeordnet sind.
  7. Kabel (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei Gruppen (G1, G2) von jeweils vier Öffnungen (140_4) entlang der Längsachse (14) vorzugsweise regelmäßig angeordnet sind.
  8. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines abstrahlenden Kabels (10) zum Abstrahlen elektromagnetischer Energie, wobei das Verfahren umfasst:
    Bereitstellen eines Außenleiters (12), der eine Längsachse (14) des Kabels (10) umgibt, wobei der Außenleiter (12) eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen (120) aufweist, wobei mindestens eine Öffnung (120) einen ersten im Wesentlichen schlitzförmigen Schenkel (122) und einen zweiten im Wesentlichen schlitzförmigen Schenkel (124) umfasst, wobei eine Längsachse (1220) des ersten Schenkels (122) parallel zur Längsachse (14) des Kabels (10) verläuft, und wobei ein erster Winkel (Alpha) zwischen einer Längsachse (1240) des zweiten Schenkels (124) und der Längsachse (14) des Kabels (10) einen Wert größer als 0 Grad und kleiner als 180 Grad aufweist, wobei mindestens einer der Schenkel (122, 124) eine im Wesentlichen trapezartige Form aufweist, und wobei der erste Schenkel (122) und/oder der zweite Schenkel (124) in einem jeweiligen axialen Endabschnitt einen Spitzenabschnitt (1222, 1242) mit einer sich entlang der Längsachse (14) des Kabels (10b) ändernden Breite aufweist, wobei der Spitzenabschnitt (1222, 1242) vorzugsweise eine im Wesentlichen dreieckige Form aufweist.
EP14197836.1A 2014-12-13 2014-12-13 Abstrahlendes Kabel und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines abstrahlenden Kabels Active EP3032638B1 (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE547636A (de) * 1955-05-11
JPS5122683B1 (de) * 1970-06-12 1976-07-12
US3696433A (en) * 1970-07-17 1972-10-03 Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical Co Resonant slot antenna structure
DE2845986A1 (de) * 1978-08-24 1980-03-06 Daetwyler Ag Abstrahlendes hochfrequenz-koaxialkabel
IT8230643V0 (it) * 1982-02-24 1982-02-24 Fracarro Radioindustrie Antenna televisiva a fessura radiante particolarmente per interni.
EP2169769B1 (de) * 2008-09-30 2011-01-26 Alcatel Lucent Strahlendes Kabel

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