EP2169769B1 - Strahlendes Kabel - Google Patents

Strahlendes Kabel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2169769B1
EP2169769B1 EP08290922A EP08290922A EP2169769B1 EP 2169769 B1 EP2169769 B1 EP 2169769B1 EP 08290922 A EP08290922 A EP 08290922A EP 08290922 A EP08290922 A EP 08290922A EP 2169769 B1 EP2169769 B1 EP 2169769B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cable
radiating
apertures
aperture
radiating cable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP08290922A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2169769A1 (de
Inventor
Gurgen Dr.-Ing. Harutyunyan
Andreas Dipl.-Ing. Bergmeister
Erhard Dipl.-Ing. Mahland
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel Lucent SAS filed Critical Alcatel Lucent SAS
Priority to EP08290922A priority Critical patent/EP2169769B1/de
Priority to AT08290922T priority patent/ATE497269T1/de
Priority to DE602008004776T priority patent/DE602008004776D1/de
Publication of EP2169769A1 publication Critical patent/EP2169769A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2169769B1 publication Critical patent/EP2169769B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/203—Leaky coaxial lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/16—Folded slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
    • H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to radiating high frequency lines.
  • a radiating high frequency line is formed by a cable or a waveguide capable of radiating to the outside a portion of the electromagnetic energy which it transmits.
  • the present invention relates to a radiating cable having apertures for generating electromagnetic (EM) fields outside of the cable and a communication system comprising such radiating cable.
  • EM electromagnetic
  • Radiating cables are generally formed from a coaxial cable comprising a conductive core defining the longitudinal axis of the cable and surrounded by an intermediate insulating sheath of a dielectric material, an outer conductor provided with regularly spaced apertures or slots for the passage of electromagnetic radiation, and a protective outer insulating jacket.
  • a coaxial cable comprising a conductive core defining the longitudinal axis of the cable and surrounded by an intermediate insulating sheath of a dielectric material, an outer conductor provided with regularly spaced apertures or slots for the passage of electromagnetic radiation, and a protective outer insulating jacket.
  • One of the properties required for a radiating cable is to ensure at least a minimum radiated power at a given distance from the longitudinal axis of the cable. Furthermore, the slots of such radiating cable should be repeated periodically so that they are in phase. Thus, it is possible to achieve good stability of the radiated power at a large distance from the cable over a frequency band. This stability makes it possible to satisfy minimum power requirements for the use of the cable in a reliable manner. If the stability is not guaranteed, major variations in the radiated power as a function of the point of reception along the length of the cable are such that it is difficult to ensure a minimum power value at a given distance from the cable. Moreover, these variations require the use of receivers which have a large dynamic range and which are accordingly costly.
  • Conventional radiating cables function as a distributed antenna and facilitate radio communication where the usual free space propagation of electromagnetic waves is hampered, undesired or impossible, for example in tunnels, mines, buildings, alongside tracks or lines and in large complexes like exhibition grounds or airports.
  • Slots in the outer conductor e.g. formed of copper
  • a signal transmitted near the cable will couple into the slots and will be carried along the cable length.
  • a radiating cable may be used for both one-way and two-way communication systems.
  • EP 0 547 574 A1 describes a radiating coaxial cable having a plurality of rectangular or elliptical slots in its outer conductor. Said slots are formed into a series of identical patterns repeated periodically along the longitudinal axis of the cable. Such cable is appropriate to applications using frequencies below 1 GHz, since at high frequencies (e.g. between 1,7 and 2,2 GHz) the longitudinal loss is relatively high. In addition, at high frequencies the radiating cable has a lot of stop bands limiting its bandwidth.
  • US-A-3696433 describes a radiating cable comprising an outer conductor surrounding a longitudinal axis of the cable, wherein the outer conductor has a plurality of slot-shaped apertures and wherein each aperture has two slot-shaped sides enclosing an angle.
  • FR-A-2096222 describes a radiating cable having a plurality of curved apertures.
  • DE2845986A1 describes a radiating cable having a plurality of triangular or rhombic apertures.
  • WO03/003511A describes a radiating cable having a plurality of triangular and/or rectangular apertures.
  • FR-A-2135358 describes a radiating cable having a plurality of rectangular apertures.
  • the radiating cable according to the present invention is set out in claim 1.
  • the apertures of the radiating cable according to the present invention have an angular shape.
  • the term enclosing means that an angle between said two aperture sides is less than 180° so that the enclosed angle is an acute angle or an obtuse angle.
  • a radiating cable having apertures in its outer conductor enables the distribution of radio waves in confined areas where discrete antennas fail by radiating a homogeneous field along the cable.
  • the radiating cable according to the present invention mainly generates a single polarized field thereby reducing the longitudinal loss of the cable to a minimum.
  • a cable with only single polarization has basically a lower longitudinal loss than a cable with cross polarization, since in total less energy is radiated.
  • a longer radiating cable without or having fewer active components may be provided.
  • said single polarization provides the radiating cable according to the present invention with broadband characteristics so that multiple wireless services may be transmitted on the same infrastructure, since the apertures according to the present invention prevent stop bands at high frequencies.
  • the direction of polarization depends on the application, in particular on the orientation of an external antenna communicating with the radiating cable towards the radiating cable.
  • the radiating cable running in parallel to the vehicle's driving direction should provide a vertically polarized field.
  • the vertically polarized field provides the best field strength on vertically aligned antennas, if the cable runs in approximately the height in which external antennas are mounted.
  • the angular apertures according to the present invention are placed along the longitudinal axis of the radiating cable to generate a phase shifted current flow at the aperture edges.
  • apertures may vary depending on the operational frequency band and a required coupling loss. All embodiments falling within the scope of the present invention have in common that both aperture sides enclose an angle at an apex of said aperture.
  • the apertures according to the present invention are slot-shaped. That is, both sides of an aperture are oblong and enclose a specific angle, wherein the slot is continuous.
  • each aperture side is substantially rectangular.
  • the aperture sides are curved.
  • the lengths of the sides of an aperture may differ.
  • the aperture sides are isosceles.
  • the length of an aperture side varies between 4 mm and 200 mm, preferably between 30 mm and 70 mm.
  • the plurality of apertures is arranged along the longitudinal axis of the radiating cable such that the aperture sides make the same angle with the longitudinal axis of the radiating cable.
  • the slot-shaped apertures have a width between 0,5 mm and 20 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 2 mm.
  • the angle between the longitudinal axis of the cable and an aperture side is between 0° and 90°.
  • Known apertures in the outer conductor of the radiating cable are triangular. That is, the two sides of an aperture enclosing an angle are connected with each other at their free ends by a further side, so that the area within said three sides is triangular. Said triangular area forms an aperture in the outer conductor of a radiating cable.
  • the triangle may have an arbitrary form. For example, the triangle is an isosceles triangle and the angles between the longitudinal axis of the cable and the isosceles sides of said triangle are equal. In such case, the basis of the triangle is in line with the longitudinal axis of the cable.
  • angles between the two sides of the triangle and the longitudinal axis of the cable may be different, and additionally the basis of the triangle may be oblique with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cable. Furthermore, the length of the three sides of the triangle may be different (scalene triangle) or equal (equilateral triangle).
  • At least two apertures form a group of apertures, wherein such groups of apertures are periodically arranged along the length of the cable.
  • a group of apertures is formed by at least two slot-shaped angular apertures being in parallel with each other.
  • a group of apertures is formed by at least two apertures arranged in series along the length of the cable, wherein said at least two apertures have a specific distance from each other. In such case, the distance between the groups of apertures can be larger than the distance between the apertures forming one group of apertures.
  • the present invention increases the possible fields of application of a radiating cable, since the bandwidth of such cable is significantly increased.
  • the present invention provides for more bandwidth in the frequency ranges used for standard applications like GSM (870-960 MHz, 1710-1880 MHz), UMTS (1880-2200 MHz), WiMAX (e.g. 2400-3500 MHz), etc.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications
  • WiMAX e.g. 2400-3500 MHz
  • the radiating cable according to the present invention is optimized for high frequencies and digital transmission, where low coupling loss variations are required.
  • the radiating cable is a coaxial cable, comprising an inner conductor, which defines the longitudinal axis of the cable, an outer conductor surrounding the inner conductor, a dielectric sheath lying between the inner and outer conductors, and a jacket surrounding the outer conductor.
  • the outer conductor of such coaxial cable comprises the plurality of angular apertures for enabling the transmission and reception of radio frequency (RF) signals.
  • RF radio frequency
  • a coaxial cable having apertures in its outer conductor is also referred to as leaky coaxial cable.
  • a communication system comprising a radiating cable according to the present invention.
  • the communication system is a tunnel communication system as used in subway and train tunnels.
  • the radiating cable according to the present invention radiates a vertically polarized RF field, since vehicle antennas of subways and trains are usually mounted on the top of their roofs and vertically polarized.
  • an aperture in particular its position and shape, has to generate a phase shifted current flow on the aperture edges.
  • the degree of phase shift depends on the aperture length along the longitudinal axis of the cable.
  • the radiating cable according to the present invention mainly generates a single polarized field reducing the longitudinal loss to a minimum.
  • This advantage is particularly useful in applications requiring long cables and a minimum of active components.
  • the tunnel communication system should consist of mainly passive components for providing a cost-effective and reliable system.
  • the longitudinal loss is minimized, so that the cable length is maximized and the number of bidirectional amplifiers (active components) is minimized thus enabling a cost-effective and reliable communication system.
  • Costs of the tunnel communication system or similar communication systems (e.g. in buildings) comprising a radiating cable according to the present invention are further reduced, since the radiating cable according to the present invention has broadband characteristics and thus enables the transmission of multiple wireless services on the same infrastructure.
  • Figure 1a shows a simulation of transmission loss of a radiating cable according to EP 0 547 574 A1
  • figure 1b shows a simulation of transmission loss of a radiating cable according to DE 100 62 591 A1
  • figure 1 c shows a simulation of transmission loss of a radiating cable (leaky coaxial cable) according to the present invention, wherein each cable has a length of 67m.
  • the shape and orientation of the apertures of the simulated radiating cable according to the present invention is described below with respect to figure 2a . All cables have been simulated with main TEM mode to exclude the influence of higher propagation modes at frequencies over 2,7 GHz.
  • the grey areas in figures 1a to 1c show the operational frequency bands of the respective cables.
  • the radiating cable according to the present invention provides better broadband characteristics, in particular at high frequencies, since stop bands are prevented by the aperture shape according to the present invention. Both prior art cables have stop bands at high frequencies so that their use in applications at high frequencies is limited or sometimes excluded.
  • a further simulation of the above radiating cables has shown that the radiating cable according to EP 0 547 574 A1 provides a polarization ratio higher than 13 dB only at frequencies between 2,3 and 2,6 GHz.
  • the polarization ratio is the quotient of vertical and horizontal polarized radiated energy.
  • a said cable has a stop band in said frequency range thus excluding its use.
  • Said further simulation has also shown, that the radiating cable according to DE 100 62 591 A1 provides a polarization ratio higher than 13 dB between 1,4 and 2,0 GHz.
  • the radiating cable according to the present invention provides a polarization ratio higher than 13 dB between 1 and 3 GHz and thus better broadband characteristics.
  • the radiating cable according to the present invention whose simulation is shown in figure 1c is, for example, a 1 1 ⁇ 4 inch cable.
  • the angular apertures according to the present invention can also be used in cables having a different size.
  • Appropriate cables have a size (diameter) between 1 ⁇ 2 inch and 1 5/8 inch.
  • the operational frequency band of a cable having in its outer conductor a plurality of angular apertures according to the present invention is extended up to the WiMAX band at 3,5 GHz, interrupted by a small stop band at 2,6 GHz.
  • prior art radiating cables have several stop bands at frequencies higher than 2,3 GHz so that their use is limited or sometimes excluded.
  • Figure 2a shows a top view of a radiating cable 1 having slot-shaped apertures 2 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apertures are equalsided so that both sides of the apertures have the same length I.
  • both sides of the aperture 2 are rectangular and have a width h.
  • the angles ⁇ between the longitudinal axis 3 of the cable 1 and each of the aperture sides are equal.
  • the degree of phase shift depends on the angle ⁇ as well as the slot width h.
  • the angle ⁇ and the slot width h are responsible for the amount of radiated energy. That is, an increase of the angle ⁇ and/or the width h of the rectangular aperture sides increases the amount of radiated and received RF energy.
  • Figure 2b shows a top view of a radiating cable 1 having slot-shaped apertures 2.
  • the lengths 11 and 12 of the aperture sides differ from each other.
  • the angles ⁇ and ⁇ ' between each aperture side and the longitudinal axis 3 of the cable 1 differ from each other. This figure shows an example useful for understanding the invention
  • Figure 2c shows a top view of a radiating cable 1 having slot-shaped apertures 2 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apex of the shown slot-shaped aperture 2 is formed by connecting the two aperture sides via an aperture section 4 which is in parallel to the longitudinal axis 3 of the radiating cable 1.
  • the aperture section 4 has the identical width as the aperture sides.
  • said aperture section 4 may also be oblique with respect to the longitudinal axis 3 of the radiating cable 1 and the slot width of the aperture section at the aperture apex may differ from the sloth width of the aperture sides.
  • the aperture section 4 at the aperture apex may have any shape.
  • the lengths L2 and L3 are responsible for the selection of the operational frequency interval at high frequencies above 1700 MHz, wherein the lengths L2 indicates the distance between a first and a second aperture and the lengths L3 indicates the distance between a first and a third aperture.
  • the radiating energy can be increased or decreased and the operational frequency bands can be shifted.
  • FIG 2a shows that the orientation of the slot-shaped apertures 2 with respect to the longitudinal axis 3 of the radiating cable 1 is alternated by 180°.
  • figure 2b shows that the plurality of slot-shaped apertures 2 can also be oriented in the same direction along the longitudinal axis 3 of the cable 1.
  • Figure 3 shows a top view of a radiating cable 1 and parallel slot edges 5, 6 of a slot-shaped aperture 7 provided therein.
  • the highest field strength of said slot-shaped aperture 7 is generated between two opposite points 8, 9 on the opposing slot edges 5, 6 at the shortest distance.
  • This effect is caused by the different geometrical position of said two opposite points 8, 9 of the slot edges in the longitudinal direction. Since magnitude and phase of the E, H -field components at the two opposite points 8, 9 are different with respect to the longitudinal direction of the radiating cable, also the induced current components at the points 8, 9 at the same time are different. This causes the radiation of the E-field. In case of a small angle ⁇ or ⁇ ' between the shown slot section and the longitudinal axis of the radiating cable 1 the radiated E-Field vector is close to the vertical axis shown in figure 3 .
  • Figure 4 shows further shapes, orientations, and positions of angular apertures according to the present invention. That is, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above with respect to figures 2a, 2b, and 2c .
  • the first example shown in figure 4 shows angular apertures as described with respect to figure 2a .
  • the second example of figure 4 shows angular apertures aligned in one line and having the same orientation.
  • Example three of figure 4 is similar to example one wherein groups of two parallel apertures are arranged along the radiating cable.
  • Example four of figure 4 is similar to example two wherein groups of two parallel apertures are arranged along the radiating cable.
  • Example five shows angular apertures having the same orientation along the radiating cable but being offset with respect to the longitudinal axis of the radiating cable.
  • Example six is similar to example five wherein the orientation of the angular apertures alternates along the length of the radiating cable.
  • Example seven of figure 4 again shows groups of angular apertures, each group consisting of two angular apertures having a different orientation and being arranged in one line along the longitudinal axis of the cable, wherein the distance between the groups of apertures is larger than the distance between two apertures forming one group.
  • Example eight is similar to example one, wherein each aperture side has a curved shape. Also example nine is similar to example one, wherein each aperture side has a tapered shape.
  • Example ten is similar to example nine, wherein the sides of the apertures are tapered towards the outer ends of the apertures and not towards the apex of the apertures (see example nine), where the aperture sides enclose an angle.
  • Example eleven of figure 4 which does not form part of the present invention, is similar to example one, wherein the angular apertures have a triangular shape.
  • the shape of the plurality of apertures of the radiating cable according to the present invention is not limited to any specific shape.
  • the shape of the slots along the cable may differ.
  • the apertures or groups of apertures are positioned periodically in the outer conductor of the radiating cable with the same distance between the apertures or group of apertures. All embodiments of the present invention have in common that the apertures in the outer conductor of the radiating cable have two sides enclosing an angle and an apex at the point where the two sides contact each other.

Claims (8)

  1. Strahlendes Kabel (1) zum Abstrahlen elektromagnetischer Energie in einem Frequenzband, umfassend einen Außenleiter, welcher eine Längsachse (3) des Kabels (1) ummantelt, wobei der Außenleiter eine Mehrzahl von schlitzförmigen Öffnungen (2) aufweist, und wobei jede schlitzförmige Öffnung (2) zwei schlitzförmige Seiten aufweist, welche einen Winkel (α) einschließen, der kleiner als 180° ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die schlitzförmigen Seiten der Öffnung denselben Winkel (y) mit der Längsachse (3) des Kabels (1) bilden.
  2. Strahlendes Kabel (1) nach Anspruch 1, wobei jede Seite der Öffnungen im Wesentlichen rechteckig ist.
  3. Strahlendes Kabel (1) nach Anspruch 1, wobei jede Seite der Öffnungen bogenförmig ist.
  4. Strahlendes Kabel (1) nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die Breite (h) der Öffnungen (2) zwischen 0,5 mm und 20 mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 1 mm und 2 mm, beträgt.
  5. Strahlendes Kabel (1) nach einem beliebigen der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Seiten der Öffnungen, welche en Winkel (a) einschließen, gleichschenklig sind.
  6. Strahlendes Kabel (1) nach einem beliebigen der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Winkel (y) zwischen der Längsachse (3) des Kabels (1) und einer Seite der Öffnungen zwischen 0° und 90° beträgt.
  7. Strahlendes Kabel (1) nach einem beliebigen der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei ein Abstand zwischen den Öffnungen (2) oder Gruppen von Öffnungen gleich groß ist.
  8. Kommunikatlonssystem, umfassend ein strahlendes Kabel (1) gemäß einem beliebigen der vorstehenden Ansprüche.
EP08290922A 2008-09-30 2008-09-30 Strahlendes Kabel Active EP2169769B1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08290922A EP2169769B1 (de) 2008-09-30 2008-09-30 Strahlendes Kabel
AT08290922T ATE497269T1 (de) 2008-09-30 2008-09-30 Strahlendes kabel
DE602008004776T DE602008004776D1 (de) 2008-09-30 2008-09-30 Strahlendes Kabel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08290922A EP2169769B1 (de) 2008-09-30 2008-09-30 Strahlendes Kabel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2169769A1 EP2169769A1 (de) 2010-03-31
EP2169769B1 true EP2169769B1 (de) 2011-01-26

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08290922A Active EP2169769B1 (de) 2008-09-30 2008-09-30 Strahlendes Kabel

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2169769B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE497269T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602008004776D1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11777619B2 (en) 2020-02-10 2023-10-03 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Dielectric waveguide signal transfer function compensation
US11799524B2 (en) 2017-11-21 2023-10-24 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Antenna arrangement for distributed massive MIMO
US11916625B2 (en) 2016-12-09 2024-02-27 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Antenna arrangement for distributed massive MIMO

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2495882A1 (de) * 2011-02-28 2012-09-05 Alcatel Lucent Verteiltes Antennensystem
US8948690B2 (en) 2011-09-21 2015-02-03 Empire Technology Development Llc Doppler-nulling traveling-wave antenna relays for high-speed vehicular communications
EP3032638B1 (de) * 2014-12-13 2020-04-22 Nokia Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd. Abstrahlendes Kabel und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines abstrahlenden Kabels
EP3032637B1 (de) * 2014-12-13 2020-05-27 Nokia Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd. Abstrahlendes Kabel und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines abstrahlenden Kabels
CN106848521B (zh) * 2017-02-24 2022-05-10 通号电缆集团有限公司 一种双极化漏泄波导
IT202000005983A1 (it) * 2020-03-20 2021-09-20 Prysmian Spa Cavo coassiale radiante
CN112083237B (zh) * 2020-07-31 2021-06-29 西安交通大学 一种用于大尺度电气设备宽频特性时域测量方法及系统
CN116190954A (zh) * 2023-02-17 2023-05-30 江苏亨鑫科技有限公司 双并线阻燃漏泄同轴电缆

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JPS5122683B1 (de) * 1970-06-12 1976-07-12
US3696433A (en) * 1970-07-17 1972-10-03 Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical Co Resonant slot antenna structure
GB1387001A (en) * 1971-05-06 1975-03-12 Sumitomo Electric Industries Leaky coaxial cables
US3795915A (en) * 1972-10-20 1974-03-05 Sumitomo Electric Industries Leaky coaxial cable
DE2845986A1 (de) * 1978-08-24 1980-03-06 Daetwyler Ag Abstrahlendes hochfrequenz-koaxialkabel
FR2685549B1 (fr) 1991-12-19 1994-01-28 Alcatel Cable Ligne haute frequence rayonnante.
US6480163B1 (en) 1999-12-16 2002-11-12 Andrew Corporation Radiating coaxial cable having helically diposed slots and radio communication system using same
EP1399988A4 (de) * 2001-06-27 2005-01-26 Emw Antenna Co Ltd Antenne für tragbare drahtlose kommunikationsvorrichtungen

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11916625B2 (en) 2016-12-09 2024-02-27 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Antenna arrangement for distributed massive MIMO
US11799524B2 (en) 2017-11-21 2023-10-24 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Antenna arrangement for distributed massive MIMO
US11777619B2 (en) 2020-02-10 2023-10-03 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Dielectric waveguide signal transfer function compensation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE602008004776D1 (de) 2011-03-10
EP2169769A1 (de) 2010-03-31
ATE497269T1 (de) 2011-02-15

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