EP3032561A1 - Electric switch arrangement - Google Patents

Electric switch arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3032561A1
EP3032561A1 EP14290372.3A EP14290372A EP3032561A1 EP 3032561 A1 EP3032561 A1 EP 3032561A1 EP 14290372 A EP14290372 A EP 14290372A EP 3032561 A1 EP3032561 A1 EP 3032561A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
enclosure
valve
opening
pressure
switch section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14290372.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3032561B1 (en
Inventor
Eric Durhône
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
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Priority to EP14290372.3A priority Critical patent/EP3032561B1/en
Publication of EP3032561A1 publication Critical patent/EP3032561A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3032561B1 publication Critical patent/EP3032561B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
    • H01H2033/902—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc with the gases from hot space and compression volume following different paths to arc space or nozzle, i.e. the compressed gases do not pass through hot volume
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H2033/908—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism using valves for regulating communication between, e.g. arc space, hot volume, compression volume, surrounding volume
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
    • H01H33/7023—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by an insulating tubular gas flow enhancing nozzle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical switch arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such electrical switch arrangements are also known as circuit breakers in the non-restrictive field of high voltage. Principally, the breaking of an alternating current by such a high voltage circuit breaker is obtained by separating electrical contact elements ideally disposed in a metal casing comprising a gas (SF6 or gas mixture) or in an insulating medium such as vacuum. .
  • Such electrical contact elements may also be arranged not in a metal casing (it is then a circuit breaker of Metal Under-Covered Substation or PSEM, in English “Gas-Insulated Switchgear or GIS", or “dead- tank "), but in an insulating envelope (it is then an AIS circuit breaker, in English” Air-Insulated Switchgear ", which despite this denomination may contain SF6, the air insulation being a means of external insulation of the insulating envelope.
  • the current When the circuit breaker opens in a circuit carrying a current, the current continues to circulate in the form of an electric arc which is generated between and after separation of the contacts of the circuit breaker.
  • the current In a gas blow-off circuit breaker, the current is cut off if the blowing is intense enough to cool the arc and turn it off. This cutoff is generally carried out at zero crossing of the current, because it is at this moment that the energy supplied by the network is minimal.
  • this power failure arrangement is, when the switch is opened, to effectively "blow" the electric arc, by means of a suitable pressure balance as well as a temperature distribution between the cooling channel and the enclosure up to the switch section.
  • the break is successful if the voltage that recovers between the contact elements or electrodes after the interruption of the current is at any time greater than a so-called transient recovery voltage (TTR) imposed by a targeted power grid.
  • TTR transient recovery voltage
  • a reboot or even in a few cases a reignition In particular, such a thermal reboot occurs very briefly during the first microseconds after the power failure. More details on the physical cut-off criteria can be obtained on the internet, for example under the link www.wikipedia.org from where some of this general information has been drawn.
  • the object of the invention is here to provide an electrical switch arrangement allowing increased cutoff capacity to prevent a reboot, particularly by a better control of the pressure balance and the distribution of the aforementioned temperatures.
  • the invention thus proposes a solution for these purposes in the form of an electrical switch arrangement according to claim 1.
  • Figure 1 has a longitudinal section of an electrical switch arrangement (or circuit breaker) with an internal arc phase element as soon as the circuit breaker break has been initiated.
  • the pressure output (SP) of the electrical switch section terminates in a first lateral opening of the enclosure and the valve is disposed on a second opening of the enclosure, namely ideally an opening laterally opposed to the first opening.
  • This configuration is however not exclusive or essential to the invention.
  • Said inner wall of the enclosure (EN) with the outer shell of the conductor (CL) forms a passageway below said wall for a first flow (FC1) of hot gas to the internal volume (VI) ( in the right part) of the enclosure, said internal volume thus becoming a volume of gas mainly hot, because a rise in temperature due to the heating of the electric arc causes a sharp increase in pressure vis-à-vis the valve thus preventing a complete opening of said valve (V1) to allow cooling of hot gas flows (FC1, FC2) accumulating in the chamber. Even if the valve (V1) opens slightly, it therefore allows a minority flow of cold gas (FF2) in the hot volume (VC) from the flow (FF1) from the cooling channel (CR).
  • Figure 2 has a longitudinal section of the same arrangement of electrical switch with an inner wall element according to the state of the art that figure 1 but at the end of blowing the electric arc.
  • This state of the arrangement thus reflects the end of cut for which the valve (V1) is at least almost completely open on the chamber, knowing that the pressure in the limited volume (VI) has decreased and forms a cooled volume (VD ) by cold gas flows (FF1, FF2, FF3, FF4) from the cooling channel (CR) via the internal volume (VI) to the arc zone (1).
  • An emerging stream of hot gas (FC2) emanating from the arc zone (1) is a minority.
  • the flow of return gas (FF3, FF4) and useful to the complete blowing of the arc that is to say forming from above then passing on an opening to the left of the left part of the wall internally (SP1) to end in the electric arc zone, will be mostly cold.
  • valve between the enclosure and the cooling channel does not have a sufficiently controlled opening dynamics and sufficiently high at the start and a short cut-off time, so that also a dynamic and a distribution cooling flow in the enclosure are not optimal and therefore the risks of reintroduction are still present.
  • Figure 3 has a longitudinal section of an electrical switch arrangement according to the invention with internal wall in the electric arc phase. Analogously to the figure 1 , the arrangement is in a state of cutoff start, that is to say that the electric arc (SI) is formed and must be blown down minimizing a risk of rebooting.
  • SI electric arc
  • Said pressure shield means being permanent, ideally by an internal wall in the form of at least one permanent physical screen of the valve with regard to an arrival of gas flow leaving the pressure outlet (SP), the valve ( V1) can thus very advantageously open (see dotted position) and thus allow a passage of cold gas in the internal volume (VI) of the enclosure (EN) immediately at the beginning of the cut-off phase, in contrast to the closed and blocked valve state according to the figure 1 . Blow conditions in the arc zone in terms of temperature (down) and defined pressure can therefore be achieved faster and more efficiently.
  • the pressure output (SP) of the electrical switch section terminates in a first lateral opening of the enclosure and the valve is disposed on a second opening of the enclosure, namely ideally an opening laterally opposed to the first opening.
  • SP pressure output
  • the arrangement can simply provide that the inner wall mainly separates the enclosure into two lower and upper cavities (CI, CS) being coaxial with the axis of the electrical switch section.
  • the arrangement being mainly of cylindrical shape, the realization of the inner wall and its insertion into the enclosure is greatly simplified, as a subchamber of said enclosure.
  • the lower cavity is a hot gas receiver pressure tank delivered to the outlet (SP) of the electrical switch section and the upper cavity forms a cold gas receiver cooling pipe from the valve in the open position.
  • SP hot gas receiver pressure tank delivered to the outlet (SP) of the electrical switch section
  • the upper cavity forms a cold gas receiver cooling pipe from the valve in the open position.
  • the inner wall (PI) forms a closed surface around the elongate conductor (CL) and comprises a single opening coupled in the area of the pressure outlet (SP), said opening thus forming a cold gas inlet to the arc zone.
  • Figure 4 has a longitudinal section of the same electrical switch arrangement according to the invention that figure 3 but at the end of blowing the electric arc.
  • This state of the arrangement thus reflects the end of cut for which the valve (V1) is completely open on a guided channel (FF1, FF5, FF6, FF7, FF8, FF9) of cold gas flow previously already predominantly established since the phase according to figure 3 knowing that the valve (V1) of the figure 3 could open earlier than at the figure 1 .
  • the inner wall (PI) forms a closed surface around the elongate conductor (CL) and comprises a single opening (see reference CL1) coupled in the area of the pressure outlet (SP), said opening thus forming a cold gas inlet to the arc zone.
  • the inner wall may also comprise other openings, said openings each comprising at least one non-return valve (CL1, CL2, CL3) opening in case of overpressure of the channel of cooling with respect to the limited hot gas holding space and the pressure outlet (SP).
  • CL1, CL2, CL3 non-return valve

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  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention décrit un arrangement d'interrupteur électrique comprenant : - une section d'interrupteur électrique par arc électrique (SI) d'un conducteur longiligne (CL) dont une portion de son axe principal (AP) est entourée d'au moins d'une enceinte (EN) couplée à au moins une valve (V1) (= clapet sans retour pour injection de gaz froid) de sortie d'un canal de refroidissement (CR) externe à l'enceinte, ladite valve s'ouvrant sous un équilibre de pression entre l'enceinte et ledit canal de refroidissement, - une sortie en pression (SP) de gaz chaud depuis la section d'interrupteur vers un volume interne (VI) à l'enceinte, - au moins une paroi interne (PI) est disposée dans l'enceinte, - ladite paroi interne forme un espace limité (VC, VD) de retenue de gaz chaud dans le volume interne (VI) à l'enceinte, le dit espace de retenue formant un moyen permanent de bouclier en pression disposé au moins en vis-à-vis de la valve.The present invention describes an electrical switch arrangement comprising: an electrical switch section by electric arc (SI) of an elongated conductor (CL), a portion of which of its main axis (AP) is surrounded by at least one enclosure (EN) coupled to at least one valve (V1) (= non-return valve for cold gas injection) output of a cooling channel (CR) external to the chamber, said valve opening under a pressure balance between the chamber and said cooling channel , a pressure output (SP) of hot gas from the switch section to an internal volume (VI) to the enclosure, at least one inner wall (PI) is disposed in the enclosure, said internal wall forms a limited space (VC, VD) for holding hot gas in the internal volume (VI) to the chamber, the said holding space forming a permanent means of pressure shield disposed at least in -vis the valve.

Description

La présente invention concerne un arrangement d'interrupteur électrique selon le préambule de la revendication 1.The present invention relates to an electrical switch arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1.

De tels arrangements d'interrupteur électrique sont aussi connus sous le nom de disjoncteur dans le domaine non restrictif de la haute tension. Principalement, la coupure d'un courant alternatif par un tel disjoncteur à haute tension est obtenue en séparant des éléments de contacts électriques disposés idéalement dans une enveloppe métallique comprenant un gaz (SF6 ou mélange de gaz) ou dans un milieu isolant tel que le vide. De tels éléments de contacts électriques peuvent aussi être disposés non pas dans une enveloppe métallique (il s'agit alors d'un disjoncteur de Poste Sous Enveloppe Métallique ou PSEM, en anglais « Gas-Insulated Switchgear ou GIS », ou de « dead-tank »), mais dans une enveloppe isolante (il s'agit alors d'un disjoncteur AIS, en anglais « Air-Insulated Switchgear », qui malgré cette dénomiation peut contenir du SF6, l'isolation air étant un moyen d'isolation extérieure de l'enveloppe isolante.Such electrical switch arrangements are also known as circuit breakers in the non-restrictive field of high voltage. Principally, the breaking of an alternating current by such a high voltage circuit breaker is obtained by separating electrical contact elements ideally disposed in a metal casing comprising a gas (SF6 or gas mixture) or in an insulating medium such as vacuum. . Such electrical contact elements may also be arranged not in a metal casing (it is then a circuit breaker of Metal Under-Covered Substation or PSEM, in English "Gas-Insulated Switchgear or GIS", or "dead- tank "), but in an insulating envelope (it is then an AIS circuit breaker, in English" Air-Insulated Switchgear ", which despite this denomination may contain SF6, the air insulation being a means of external insulation of the insulating envelope.

Lorsque le disjoncteur s'ouvre dans un circuit parcouru par un courant, le courant continue de circuler sous forme d'un arc électrique qui est généré entre et après séparation des contacts du disjoncteur. Dans un disjoncteur à soufflage de gaz, le courant est coupé si le soufflage est suffisamment intense pour refroidir l'arc et l'éteindre. Cette coupure s'effectue généralement au passage par zéro du courant, car c'est à cet instant que l'énergie apportée par le réseau est minimale.When the circuit breaker opens in a circuit carrying a current, the current continues to circulate in the form of an electric arc which is generated between and after separation of the contacts of the circuit breaker. In a gas blow-off circuit breaker, the current is cut off if the blowing is intense enough to cool the arc and turn it off. This cutoff is generally carried out at zero crossing of the current, because it is at this moment that the energy supplied by the network is minimal.

De tels disjoncteurs à soufflage de gaz sont connus et décrit par exemple par EP1372172B1 ou DE250095A1 , sous forme d'un arrangement d'interrupteur électrique comprenant :

  • une section d'interrupteur électrique par arc électrique d'un conducteur longiligne dont une portion de son axe principal est entourée d'au moins d'une enceinte cylindrique couplée à au moins une valve (= clapet sans retour pour injection de gaz froid) de sortie d'un canal de refroidissement externe à l'enceinte, ladite valve s'ouvrant sous un équilibre de pression entre l'enceinte et ledit canal de refroidissement,
  • une sortie en pression de gaz chaud depuis la section d'interrupteur vers un volume interne à l'enceinte,
  • au moins un élément de paroi interne est disposée dans l'enceinte guidant des flux de gaz chaud et froid.
Such gas blow-off circuit breakers are known and described for example by EP1372172B1 or DE250095A1 in the form of an electrical switch arrangement comprising:
  • an electrical switch section by electric arc of an elongate conductor whose portion of its main axis is surrounded by at least one cylindrical chamber coupled to at least one valve (= non-return valve for cold gas injection) of output of an external cooling channel to the enclosure, said valve opening under a pressure equilibrium between the enclosure and said cooling channel,
  • a hot gas pressure output from the switch section to a volume inside the enclosure,
  • at least one inner wall element is disposed in the enclosure guiding hot and cold gas flows.

Le but de cet arrangement de coupure de courant est, lors d'une ouverture de l'interrupteur, d'efficacement « souffler » l'arc électrique, au moyen d'un équilibre adapté de pression ainsi que d'une distribution de température entre le canal de refroidissement et l'enceinte jusqu'à la section d'interrupteur. La coupure est réussie, si la tension qui se rétablit entre les éléments de contact ou électrodes après l'interruption du courant est à tout moment supérieure à une dite tension transitoire de rétablissement (TTR) imposée par un réseau électrique visé. En cas d'échec de la tenue de la TTR ou la tension rétablie à fréquence industrielle (50 Hz ou 60 Hz), il se produit généralement un réamorçage voire dans quelques cas particuliers un réallumage. En particulier, un tel réamorçage thermique se produit fort brièvement, pendant les premières micro-secondes après la coupure du courant. Plus de détails sur les critères physiques de coupure peuvent être obtenus sous internet, par exemple sous le lien www.wikipedia.org d'où quelques-unes de ces informations générales ont été tirées.The purpose of this power failure arrangement is, when the switch is opened, to effectively "blow" the electric arc, by means of a suitable pressure balance as well as a temperature distribution between the cooling channel and the enclosure up to the switch section. The break is successful if the voltage that recovers between the contact elements or electrodes after the interruption of the current is at any time greater than a so-called transient recovery voltage (TTR) imposed by a targeted power grid. In case of failure of the holding of the TTR or the voltage restored at industrial frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz), there is usually a reboot or even in a few cases a reignition. In particular, such a thermal reboot occurs very briefly during the first microseconds after the power failure. More details on the physical cut-off criteria can be obtained on the internet, for example under the link www.wikipedia.org from where some of this general information has been drawn.

Le but de l'invention est ici de proposer un arrangement d'interrupteur électrique permettant une capacité accrue de coupure pour éviter un réamorçage, particulièrement par une meilleure maitrise de l'équilibre de pression et la distribution des températures précités.The object of the invention is here to provide an electrical switch arrangement allowing increased cutoff capacity to prevent a reboot, particularly by a better control of the pressure balance and the distribution of the aforementioned temperatures.

Principalement, des simulations numériques d'un arrangement connu et de variantes influant sur les paramètres pression et température ont été nouvellement réalisées et ont particulièrement montrées que la configuration, géométrie et/ou disposition d'une paroi interne dans l'enceinte de l'arrangement d'interrupteur électrique comme décrit dans l'état de l'art est également un paramètre majeur pour une meilleure maîtrise de l'équilibre des pressions et la distribution des températures précités. Il a été de plus constaté que sous absence ou même sous configuration d'élément(s) de paroi interne tels que dans l'état de l'art, la valve entre l'enceinte et le canal de refroidissement ne présentait pas une dynamique d'ouverture assez maitrisée et suffisamment élevée sur une brève durée de coupure, de sorte qu'également une dynamique et une répartition de flux de refroidissement dans l'enceinte s'avérait non optimale et donc les risques de réamorçage était toujours présents.Mainly, numerical simulations of a known arrangement and variants influencing the pressure and temperature parameters have been newly performed and have particularly shown that the configuration, geometry and / or arrangement of an inner wall within the enclosure of the arrangement Electrical switch as described in the state of the art is also a major parameter for better control of the pressure balance and the distribution of the aforementioned temperatures. It has furthermore been found that under absence or even under configuration of internal wall element (s) such as in the state of the art, the valve between the enclosure and the cooling channel did not exhibit a dynamics of opening sufficiently mastered and sufficiently high over a short cut-off time, so that also a dynamic and distribution of cooling flow in the enclosure was not optimal and therefore the risk of rebooting was still present.

L'invention propose ainsi une solution à ces fins sous forme d'un arrangement d'interrupteur électrique selon la revendication 1.The invention thus proposes a solution for these purposes in the form of an electrical switch arrangement according to claim 1.

Un ensemble de sous-revendications présente également des avantages de l'invention et seront plus amplement décrits au travers des exemples de réalisation fournis à l'aide de figures décrites :

Figure 1 :
coupe longitudinale d'un arrangement d'interrupteur électrique en phase d'arc électrique et avec un élément de paroi interne selon l'état de la technique,
Figure 2 :
coupe longitudinale d'un arrangement d'interrupteur électrique en fin de soufflage de l'arc électrique et avec un élément de paroi interne selon l'état de la technique,
Figure 3 :
coupe longitudinale d'un arrangement d'interrupteur électrique selon l'invention avec paroi interne en phase d'arc électrique,
Figure 4 :
coupe longitudinale d'un arrangement d'interrupteur électrique selon l'invention avec paroi interne en fin soufflage de l'arc électrique.
A set of sub-claims also has advantages of the invention and will be more fully described through the exemplary embodiments provided with the aid of the figures described:
Figure 1 :
longitudinal section of an electrical switch arrangement in the electric arc phase and with an internal wall element according to the state of the art,
Figure 2:
longitudinal section of an arrangement of an electric switch at the end of blowing the electric arc and with an internal wall element according to the state of the art,
Figure 3:
longitudinal section of an electrical switch arrangement according to the invention with internal wall in the electric arc phase,
Figure 4:
longitudinal section of an electrical switch arrangement according to the invention with internal wall at the end of blowing the electric arc.

Figure 1 présente une coupe longitudinale d'un arrangement d'interrupteur (ou disjoncteur) électrique avec un élément de paroi interne en phase d'arc électrique dès que la coupure du disjoncteur a été amorcée. Figure 1 has a longitudinal section of an electrical switch arrangement (or circuit breaker) with an internal arc phase element as soon as the circuit breaker break has been initiated.

Cet exemple connu présente ainsi un arrangement d'interrupteur électrique comprenant :

  • une section d'interrupteur électrique ici avec un arc électrique SI formé en extrémité d'un conducteur longiligne (CL) dont une portion de son axe principal (AP) est entourée d'au moins d'une enceinte (EN) couplée à au moins une valve (V1) (= clapet sans retour pour injection de gaz froid) de sortie d'un canal de refroidissement (CR) externe à l'enceinte, ladite valve s'ouvrant sous un équilibre de pression entre l'enceinte et ledit canal de refroidissement,
  • une sortie en pression (SP) de gaz chaud depuis la section d'interrupteur (zone périphérique d'arc électrique) vers un volume interne (VI) à l'enceinte,
  • au moins une paroi interne (SP1) est disposée dans l'enceinte en sortie de la zone périphérie de l'arc électrique vers l'enceinte.
This known example thus has an electrical switch arrangement comprising:
  • an electric switch section here with an electric arc SI formed at the end of an elongate conductor (CL), a portion of whose main axis (AP) is surrounded by at least one enclosure (EN) coupled to at least one a valve (V1) (= non-return valve for cold gas injection) output of a cooling channel (CR) external to the chamber, said valve opening under a pressure balance between the chamber and said channel cooling,
  • a pressure output (SP) of hot gas from the section switch (peripheral arc area) to an internal volume (VI) to the enclosure,
  • at least one inner wall (SP1) is disposed in the enclosure at the outlet of the peripheral zone of the electric arc towards the enclosure.

Dans cet exemple, la sortie en pression (SP) de la section d'interrupteur électrique aboutit sur une première ouverture latérale de l'enceinte et la valve est disposée sur une deuxième ouverture de l'enceinte, à savoir idéalement une ouverture latéralement opposée à la première ouverture. Cette configuration n'est toutefois pas exclusive ou essentielle à l'invention. Par exemple, il est possible de disposer la valve (V1) dans une deuxième ouverture (V3) située dans le voisinage de la première ouverture latérale (voir figure 4).In this example, the pressure output (SP) of the electrical switch section terminates in a first lateral opening of the enclosure and the valve is disposed on a second opening of the enclosure, namely ideally an opening laterally opposed to the first opening. This configuration is however not exclusive or essential to the invention. For example, it is possible to arrange the valve (V1) in a second opening (V3) located in the vicinity of the first lateral opening (see figure 4 ).

La dite paroi interne à l'enceinte (EN) avec la coque externe du conducteur (CL) forme une voie de passage au-dessous de la dite paroi pour un premier flux (FC1) de gaz chaud vers le volume interne (VI) (en partie droite) de l'enceinte, le dit volume interne devenant ainsi un volume de gaz principalement chaud, car une hausse de température dû au réchauffement de l'arc électrique provoque une forte hausse de pression en vis-à-vis de la valve empêchant ainsi une ouverture complète de la dite valve (V1) pour permettre un refroidissement des flux de gaz chaud (FC1, FC2) s'accumulant dans l'enceinte. Même si la valve (V1) s'ouvre légèrement, elle ne permet donc qu'un flux minoritaire de gaz froid (FF2) dans le volume chaud (VC) depuis le flux (FF1) provenant du canal de refroidissement (CR). En conséquence, un flux de gaz de retour (utile au soufflage de l'arc) c'est-à-dire se formant depuis le dessus puis passant sur une ouverture à gauche de la partie gauche de la paroi interne (SP1) pour aboutir dans la zone d'arc électrique sera majoritairement chaud. Cet état de soufflage d'arc s'avère être non optimal du fait que la température du flux de gaz de retour vers l'arc peut ne pas être baissée à une température suffisamment basse pour un domaine de pression adéquate au soufflage.Said inner wall of the enclosure (EN) with the outer shell of the conductor (CL) forms a passageway below said wall for a first flow (FC1) of hot gas to the internal volume (VI) ( in the right part) of the enclosure, said internal volume thus becoming a volume of gas mainly hot, because a rise in temperature due to the heating of the electric arc causes a sharp increase in pressure vis-à-vis the valve thus preventing a complete opening of said valve (V1) to allow cooling of hot gas flows (FC1, FC2) accumulating in the chamber. Even if the valve (V1) opens slightly, it therefore allows a minority flow of cold gas (FF2) in the hot volume (VC) from the flow (FF1) from the cooling channel (CR). As a result, a flow of return gas (useful for blowing the arc) that is to say forming from above then passing on an opening to the left of the left side of the inner wall (SP1) to achieve in the electric arc zone will be mostly hot. This state of arc blowing proves to be not optimal because the temperature the flow of gas back to the arc may not be lowered to a sufficiently low temperature for a pressure range adequate for blowing.

Figure 2 présente une coupe longitudinale du même arrangement d'interrupteur électrique avec un élément de paroi interne selon l'état de la technique qu'en figure 1, mais en fin de soufflage de l'arc électrique. Figure 2 has a longitudinal section of the same arrangement of electrical switch with an inner wall element according to the state of the art that figure 1 but at the end of blowing the electric arc.

Cet état de l'arrangement reflète ainsi la fin de coupure pour laquelle la valve (V1) est au moins presque complétement ouverte sur l'enceinte, sachant que la pression dans le volume limité (VI) a diminué et forme un volume refroidi (VD) par des flux de gaz froid (FF1, FF2, FF3, FF4) depuis le canal de refroidissement (CR) via le volume interne (VI) vers la zone d'arc (1). Un flux émergeant de gaz chaud (FC2) émanant de la zone d'arc (1) est minoritaire. En particulier, le flux de gaz de retour (FF3, FF4) et utile au soufflage complet de l'arc, c'est-à-dire se formant depuis le dessus puis passant sur une ouverture à gauche de la partie gauche de la paroi interne (SP1) pour aboutir dans la zone d'arc électrique, sera majoritairement froid.This state of the arrangement thus reflects the end of cut for which the valve (V1) is at least almost completely open on the chamber, knowing that the pressure in the limited volume (VI) has decreased and forms a cooled volume (VD ) by cold gas flows (FF1, FF2, FF3, FF4) from the cooling channel (CR) via the internal volume (VI) to the arc zone (1). An emerging stream of hot gas (FC2) emanating from the arc zone (1) is a minority. In particular, the flow of return gas (FF3, FF4) and useful to the complete blowing of the arc, that is to say forming from above then passing on an opening to the left of the left part of the wall internally (SP1) to end in the electric arc zone, will be mostly cold.

Selon figures 1 et 2, il a été constaté que la valve entre l'enceinte et le canal de refroidissement ne présente pas une dynamique d'ouverture assez maitrisée et suffisamment élevée au départ et sur une brève durée de coupure, de sorte qu'également une dynamique et une répartition de flux de refroidissement dans l'enceinte s'avèrent non optimales et donc les risques de réamorçage sont toujours présents.according to Figures 1 and 2 , it was found that the valve between the enclosure and the cooling channel does not have a sufficiently controlled opening dynamics and sufficiently high at the start and a short cut-off time, so that also a dynamic and a distribution cooling flow in the enclosure are not optimal and therefore the risks of reintroduction are still present.

Figure 3 présente une coupe longitudinale d'un arrangement d'interrupteur électrique selon l'invention avec paroi interne en phase d'arc électrique. Analogiquement à la figure 1, l'arrangement se trouve dans un état de début de coupure, c'est-à-dire que l'arc électrique (SI) se forme et qu'il faut le souffler en minimisant un risque de réamorçage. Figure 3 has a longitudinal section of an electrical switch arrangement according to the invention with internal wall in the electric arc phase. Analogously to the figure 1 , the arrangement is in a state of cutoff start, that is to say that the electric arc (SI) is formed and must be blown down minimizing a risk of rebooting.

Principalement, l'arrangement d'interrupteur électrique comprend :

  • une section d'interrupteur électrique par arc électrique (SI) d'un conducteur longiligne (CL) dont une portion de son axe principal (AP) est entourée d'au moins d'une enceinte (EN) couplée à au moins une valve (V1) (= clapet sans retour pour injection de gaz froid) de sortie d'un canal de refroidissement (CR) externe à l'enceinte, ladite valve s'ouvrant sous un équilibre de pression entre l'enceinte et ledit canal de refroidissement,
  • une sortie en pression (SP) de gaz chaud depuis la section d'interrupteur vers un volume interne (VI) à l'enceinte,
  • au moins une paroi interne (PI) est disposée dans l'enceinte,
  • ladite paroi interne forme un espace limité (VC, VD) de retenue de gaz chaud dans le volume interne (VI) à l'enceinte, le dit espace de retenue formant un moyen permanent de bouclier en pression disposé au moins en vis-à-vis de la valve.
Mainly, the electric switch arrangement comprises:
  • an electrical switch section by electric arc (SI) of an elongate conductor (CL), a portion of which of its main axis (AP) is surrounded by at least one enclosure (EN) coupled to at least one valve ( V1) (= nonreturn valve for injection of cold gas) output of a cooling channel (CR) external to the enclosure, said valve opening under a pressure balance between the enclosure and said cooling channel,
  • a pressure output (SP) of hot gas from the switch section to an internal volume (VI) to the enclosure,
  • at least one inner wall (PI) is disposed in the enclosure,
  • said inner wall forms a limited space (VC, VD) for holding hot gas in the internal volume (VI) to the chamber, said retaining space forming a permanent means of pressure shield disposed at least vis-à- screw of the valve.

Ledit moyen de bouclier en pression étant permanent, idéalement par une paroi interne sous forme d'au moins un écran physique permanent de la valve au regard d'une arrivée de flux de gaz sortant de la sortie de pression (SP), la valve (V1) peut ainsi fort avantageusement s'ouvrir (voir position en pointillés) et donc permettre un passage de gaz froid dans le volume interne (VI) de l'enceinte (EN) immédiatement en début de phase de coupure, à l'inverse de l'état fermé et bloqué de valve selon la figure 1. Les conditions de soufflage en zone d'arc en termes de température (baissée) et de pression définie peuvent donc être atteintes plus vite et efficacement.Said pressure shield means being permanent, ideally by an internal wall in the form of at least one permanent physical screen of the valve with regard to an arrival of gas flow leaving the pressure outlet (SP), the valve ( V1) can thus very advantageously open (see dotted position) and thus allow a passage of cold gas in the internal volume (VI) of the enclosure (EN) immediately at the beginning of the cut-off phase, in contrast to the closed and blocked valve state according to the figure 1 . Blow conditions in the arc zone in terms of temperature (down) and defined pressure can therefore be achieved faster and more efficiently.

Dans cet exemple, la sortie en pression (SP) de la section d'interrupteur électrique aboutit sur une première ouverture latérale de l'enceinte et la valve est disposée sur une deuxième ouverture de l'enceinte, à savoir idéalement une ouverture latéralement opposée à la première ouverture. Cette configuration n'est toutefois pas exclusive ou essentielle à l'invention.In this example, the pressure output (SP) of the electrical switch section terminates in a first lateral opening of the enclosure and the valve is disposed on a second opening of the enclosure, namely ideally an opening laterally opposed to the first opening. This configuration is however not exclusive or essential to the invention.

Préférentiellement, l'arrangement peut ainsi simplement prévoir que la paroi interne sépare principalement l'enceinte en deux cavités inférieure et supérieure (CI, CS) étant coaxiales à l'axe de la section d'interrupteur électrique. L'arrangement étant principalement de forme cylindrique, la réalisation de la paroi interne et son insertion dans l'enceinte est donc fort simplifié, comme une sous-coque de ladite enceinte.Preferably, the arrangement can simply provide that the inner wall mainly separates the enclosure into two lower and upper cavities (CI, CS) being coaxial with the axis of the electrical switch section. The arrangement being mainly of cylindrical shape, the realization of the inner wall and its insertion into the enclosure is greatly simplified, as a subchamber of said enclosure.

Sous cette configuration, la cavité inférieure est un réservoir de pression receveur de gaz chaud délivré à la sortie (SP) de la section d'interrupteur électrique et la cavité supérieure forme une conduite de refroidissement receveur de gaz froid provenant de la valve en position ouverte. De la sorte des guides des divers flux sont dynamiquement plus précis vers des lieux de l'enceinte à chauffer ou refroidir.In this configuration, the lower cavity is a hot gas receiver pressure tank delivered to the outlet (SP) of the electrical switch section and the upper cavity forms a cold gas receiver cooling pipe from the valve in the open position. . In this way guides of the various flows are dynamically more precise towards places of the enclosure to be heated or cooled.

Enfin, l'expérience a montré que si la cavité inférieure est coaxialément la plus proche de l'axe principal de la section d'interrupteur électrique et la cavité supérieure est en périphérie interne de l'enceinte, le refroidissement depuis le cheminement de gaz froid dans l'enceinte vers de la zone d'arc peut être dynamiquement mieux maitrisé sur des températures voulues en fonction de pressions données.Finally, experience has shown that if the lower cavity is coaxially closest to the main axis of the electrical switch section and the upper cavity is at the inner periphery of the enclosure, cooling from the cold gas path in the enclosure towards the arc zone can be dynamically better mastered on desired temperatures according to given pressures.

Sous une forme la plus simple, la paroi interne (PI) forme une surface fermée autour du conducteur longiligne (CL) et comprend une unique ouverture couplée en zone de la sortie en pression (SP), ladite ouverture formant ainsi une arrivée de gaz froid vers la zone d'arc.In a simplest form, the inner wall (PI) forms a closed surface around the elongate conductor (CL) and comprises a single opening coupled in the area of the pressure outlet (SP), said opening thus forming a cold gas inlet to the arc zone.

Figure 4 présente une coupe longitudinale du même arrangement d'interrupteur électrique selon l'invention qu'en figure 3, mais en fin de soufflage de l'arc électrique. Figure 4 has a longitudinal section of the same electrical switch arrangement according to the invention that figure 3 but at the end of blowing the electric arc.

Cet état de l'arrangement reflète ainsi la fin de coupure pour laquelle la valve (V1) est complétement ouverte sur un canal guidé (FF1, FF5, FF6, FF7, FF8, FF9) de-flux de gaz froid précédemment déjà majoritairement établi depuis la phase selon figure 3 sachant que la valve (V1) de la figure 3 pouvait s'ouvrir plus tôt qu'à la figure 1.This state of the arrangement thus reflects the end of cut for which the valve (V1) is completely open on a guided channel (FF1, FF5, FF6, FF7, FF8, FF9) of cold gas flow previously already predominantly established since the phase according to figure 3 knowing that the valve (V1) of the figure 3 could open earlier than at the figure 1 .

Ici encore, sous une forme la plus simple, la paroi interne (PI) forme une surface fermée autour du conducteur longiligne (CL) et comprend une unique ouverture (voir référence CL1) couplée en zone de la sortie en pression (SP), ladite ouverture formant ainsi une arrivée de gaz froid vers la zone d'arc.Here again, in a simplest form, the inner wall (PI) forms a closed surface around the elongate conductor (CL) and comprises a single opening (see reference CL1) coupled in the area of the pressure outlet (SP), said opening thus forming a cold gas inlet to the arc zone.

En relation ou complémentairement à cette ouverture (CL1), la paroi interne peut aussi comprendre d'autres ouvertures, les dites ouvertures comprenant chacune au moins un clapet anti-retour (CL1, CL2, CL3) s'ouvrant en cas de surpression du canal de refroidissement par rapport à l'espace limité de retenue de gaz chaud et de la sortie en pression (SP). De cette façon, il est possible si nécessaire de pouvoir maîtriser des effets connexes de refroidissement de la zone de gaz chaud (cavité inférieure), sans risque de réchauffer la zone de gaz froid (cavité supérieure).In relation or complementarily to this opening (CL1), the inner wall may also comprise other openings, said openings each comprising at least one non-return valve (CL1, CL2, CL3) opening in case of overpressure of the channel of cooling with respect to the limited hot gas holding space and the pressure outlet (SP). In this way, it is possible if necessary to be able to control the related cooling effects of the hot gas zone (lower cavity), without risk of heating the cold gas zone (upper cavity).

Claims (7)

Arrangement d'interrupteur électrique comprenant : - une section d'interrupteur électrique par arc électrique (SI) d'un conducteur longiligne (CL) dont une portion de son axe principal (AP) est entourée d'au moins d'une enceinte (EN) couplée à au moins une valve (V1) de sortie d'un canal de refroidissement (CR) externe à l'enceinte, ladite valve s'ouvrant sous un équilibre de pression entre l'enceinte et ledit canal de refroidissement, - une sortie en pression (SP) de gaz chaud depuis la section d'interrupteur vers un volume interne (VI) à l'enceinte, - au moins une paroi interne (PI) est disposée dans l'enceinte, caractérisé en ce que
ladite paroi interne forme un espace limité (VC, VD) de retenue de gaz chaud dans le volume interne (VI) à l'enceinte, le dit espace de retenue formant un moyen permanent de bouclier en pression disposé au moins en vis-à-vis de la valve.Electric switch arrangement comprising: an electrical switch section by electric arc (SI) of an elongated conductor (CL), a portion of which of its main axis (AP) is surrounded by at least one enclosure (EN) coupled to at least one valve (V1) for outputting a cooling channel (CR) external to the chamber, said valve opening under a pressure equilibrium between the chamber and said cooling channel, a pressure output (SP) of hot gas from the switch section to an internal volume (VI) to the enclosure, at least one inner wall (PI) is disposed in the enclosure, characterized in that
said inner wall forms a limited space (VC, VD) for holding hot gas in the internal volume (VI) to the chamber, said retaining space forming a permanent means of pressure shield disposed at least vis-à- screw of the valve. Arrangement selon revendication 1, pour lequel la sortie en pression (SP) de la section d'interrupteur électrique aboutit sur une première ouverture latérale de l'enceinte et la valve (V1) est disposée sur une deuxième ouverture de l'enceinte, à savoir idéalement une deuxième ouverture latéralement opposée à la première ouverture ou une deuxième ouverture (V3) située dans le voisinage de la première ouverture.Arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the pressure output (SP) of the electric switch section terminates at a first side opening of the enclosure and the valve (V1) is disposed at a second opening of the enclosure, namely ideally a second opening laterally opposite the first opening or a second opening (V3) located in the vicinity of the first opening. Arrangement selon revendication 1, pour lequel la paroi interne sépare principalement l'enceinte en deux cavités inférieure et supérieure (CI, CS) étant coaxiales à l'axe de la section d'interrupteur électrique.Arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall mainly separates the enclosure into two lower and upper cavities (CI, CS) being coaxial with the axis of the electrical switch section. Arrangement selon revendication 3, pour lequel la cavité inférieure est un réservoir de pression receveur de gaz chaud délivré à la sortie (SP) de la section d'interrupteur électrique et la cavité supérieure forme une conduite de refroidissement receveur de gaz froid provenant de la valve en position ouverte.Arrangement according to claim 3, wherein the lower cavity is a hot gas receiver pressure tank delivered to the outlet (SP) of the electrical switch section and the upper cavity forms a cold gas receiver cooling pipe from the valve in open position. Arrangement selon revendication 3 ou 4, pour lequel la cavité inférieure est coaxialement la plus proche de l'axe principal de la section d'interrupteur électrique et la cavité supérieure est en périphérie interne de l'enceinte.Arrangement according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the lower cavity is coaxially closest to the main axis of the electrical switch section and the upper cavity is at the inner periphery of the enclosure. Arrangement selon revendication 1, pour lequel la paroi interne forme une surface fermée autour du conducteur longiligne (CL) et comprend une unique ouverture couplée en zone de la sortie en pression (SP).Arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall forms a closed surface around the elongated conductor (CL) and comprises a single opening coupled in the pressure outlet (SP) zone. Arrangement selon revendication 1 ou 6, pour lequel la paroi interne comprend au moins un clapet anti-retour (CL1, CL2, CL3) s'ouvrant en cas de surpression du canal de refroidissement par rapport à l'espace limité de retenue de gaz chaud et de la sortie en pression (SP).Arrangement according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the inner wall comprises at least one non-return valve (CL1, CL2, CL3) opening in case of overpressure of the cooling channel relative to the limited space of hot gas retention and the pressure output (SP).
EP14290372.3A 2014-12-08 2014-12-08 Electric switch arrangement Not-in-force EP3032561B1 (en)

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EP14290372.3A EP3032561B1 (en) 2014-12-08 2014-12-08 Electric switch arrangement

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112002605A (en) * 2020-08-25 2020-11-27 西安西电开关电气有限公司 Switch device and arc extinguish chamber thereof

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0374384A2 (en) * 1988-12-23 1990-06-27 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-GmbH Single-pressure switch with SF6
EP0664551A2 (en) * 1994-01-21 1995-07-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft H.T. electrical circuit breaker with a heating chamber and a compression device
DE29520809U1 (en) * 1995-12-19 1996-02-15 Siemens Ag High voltage circuit breaker with a gas storage space
JP2014225467A (en) * 2014-07-25 2014-12-04 株式会社東芝 Gas circuit breaker

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0374384A2 (en) * 1988-12-23 1990-06-27 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-GmbH Single-pressure switch with SF6
EP0664551A2 (en) * 1994-01-21 1995-07-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft H.T. electrical circuit breaker with a heating chamber and a compression device
DE29520809U1 (en) * 1995-12-19 1996-02-15 Siemens Ag High voltage circuit breaker with a gas storage space
JP2014225467A (en) * 2014-07-25 2014-12-04 株式会社東芝 Gas circuit breaker

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112002605A (en) * 2020-08-25 2020-11-27 西安西电开关电气有限公司 Switch device and arc extinguish chamber thereof
WO2022041829A1 (en) * 2020-08-25 2022-03-03 西安西电开关电气有限公司 Switching device and arc extinguishing chamber thereof

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