EP3032052B1 - Device for manufacturing at least one hollow valve - Google Patents
Device for manufacturing at least one hollow valve Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3032052B1 EP3032052B1 EP15190711.0A EP15190711A EP3032052B1 EP 3032052 B1 EP3032052 B1 EP 3032052B1 EP 15190711 A EP15190711 A EP 15190711A EP 3032052 B1 EP3032052 B1 EP 3032052B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- support
- holder
- cathode
- contact plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/20—Shapes or constructions of valve members, not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
- B23H7/26—Apparatus for moving or positioning electrode relatively to workpiece; Mounting of electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
- B23H9/14—Making holes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/12—Cooling of valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/12—Cooling of valves
- F01L3/14—Cooling of valves by means of a liquid or solid coolant, e.g. sodium, in a closed chamber in a valve
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for producing at least one hollow valve for the gas exchange, in particular for internal combustion engines.
- Hollow valves for internal combustion engines have long been state of the art and, due to the cooling, allow a longer service life and improved performance of the internal combustion engine.
- such hollow valves additionally offer the possibility of accommodating a cooling medium, for example sodium, in their hollow space, as a result of which advantages can be achieved in particular when used as an outlet valve.
- a cooling medium for example sodium
- the coolant ie primarily the sodium, transports part of the heat arising during the combustion from the valve disk and in particular from a highly loaded fillet area into the shaft area and can be removed from there via the valve guide.
- Sodium-cooled hollow valves allow the valve disc temperatures to be reduced by 80 ° C to 150 ° C. Positive side effect in addition to the fact that such a hollow valve is easier despite sodium filling than a valve with solid valve stem.
- a cavity in the valve plate should be larger in order to be able to cool in particular the highly stressed areas of the valve disk (for example, the groove area) better.
- ECM method electrochemical removal
- a cathode is inserted into the bore of the valve stem and electrons via an electrolyte to the anode acting as a workpiece, here the hollow valve emits.
- the present invention therefore deals with the problem of providing a device for the production of at least one hollow valve for the gas exchange, by means of which a particularly precise and at the same time economic production of such a hollow valve is possible.
- the present invention is based on the general idea to provide a multi-part device for the production of at least one hollow valve for gas exchange, in particular for an internal combustion engine, in which both the hollow valve to be machined reliably fixed during processing, as well as a leadership of the cathode extremely precise is possible.
- an exchange of a finished hollow valve can be done relatively easily by a not yet processed hollow valve, resulting in a particularly economical manufacturability.
- the device according to the invention has a valve holder, consisting of a Ventilschaftszentri proceedings, a valve receptacle and a valve head holder, wherein the valve receptacle to be held on a valve stem and the valve head holder to be held Valve head are adapted.
- the valve holder allows a gravitational holding of the hollow valve to be processed, since the valve head holder is arranged at the top and thus a simple from above introducing and fixing the hollow valve to be processed is made possible.
- the valve holder is arranged on its Ventilschaftszentri réelle on a first carrier, while at least one cathode holder with a cathode, which is inserted through the first carrier via the Ventilschaftszentri réelle in a bore of the hollow valve, is mounted on a second, arranged underneath carrier.
- the device according to the invention still has at least one, the valve head holder opposite, contact plate.
- the processing of the hollow valve according to the invention for the preparation of the enlarged in particular in the valve head cavity is carried out as follows: First, the hollow valve to be processed is placed head first from above into the valve holder until it rests with its valve head (valve plate) on the valve head holder. Subsequently, either the first carrier is moved against the contact plate or the contact plate in the direction of the first carrier until the contact plate comes into contact with the hollow valve (s) held in the valve holder. In the subsequent process step, either the contact plate can be pressed further in the direction of the first carrier, which does not change the distance between the contact plate and the first carrier, but the distance between the first and the second carrier.
- Reducing the distance between the first and second supports causes the cathode disposed on the second support to be inserted into the bore of the hollow valve through the first support through the valve stem centering. If the cathode is introduced so far that it has reached the valve head of the hollow valve to be processed, an electrolyte is additionally supplied and the electrochemical removal can begin. In this case, the cathode is sealed by a seal against the valve stem centering. If the desired enlarged cavity is produced in the valve head of the hollow valve to be produced, the contact plate, for example, is withdrawn again, whereby an extension of the cathode from the bore of the hollow valve and subsequently also a contact interruption between the contact plate and the valve head of the processed hollow valve takes place. Subsequently, the finished hollow valve can be easily removed from the valve holder.
- the contact plate is at least partially made of an electrically conductive material, in particular stainless steel or copper. Both embodiments allow optimum electrical conduction between the hollow valve to be machined and the contact plate and are also resistant to corrosion, resulting in a long life.
- valve head holder is mounted resiliently and axially movable relative to the valve receptacle.
- the valve stem centering has an electrolyte feed and the cathode holder has an electrolyte discharge.
- the valve stem centering has an electrolyte discharge and the cathode holder has an electrolyte feed.
- the cathode is sealed off via a seal relative to the valve stem centering. This makes it possible to pressurize the electrolyte with a pressure of up to 15 bar.
- valve holder or at least its valve head holder and / or the cathode holder can be replaced comparatively easily, as a result of which the device according to the invention flexible and easy to adapt to a variety of hollow valves to be processed.
- the device according to the invention it is of course conceivable that with the device according to the invention not only a single hollow valve, but a plurality of hollow valves can be processed simultaneously, which in particular helps to reduce the manufacturing cost.
- the valve not only suspended in the device to work, but also in a valve seat standing or lying, but particularly advantageous is the hanging receptacle described here.
- the hollow valve to be processed 2 is used upside down until it rests with its valve head 4 in a valve head holder 5.
- the valve holder 3 consists of a Ventilschaftszentri für 6, a valve seat 7 and said valve head holder 5, wherein the valve seat 7 are adapted to be held valve stem of the hollow valve 2 and the valve head holder 5 to be held valve head 4 of the hollow valve 2.
- the valve holder 3 is arranged via its valve stem centering 6 on a first carrier 8.
- a second support 9 is provided, on which a cathode holder 10 is arranged with a cathode 11, which passes through the first support 8 via the Ventilschaftszentritation 6 in a bore of the Hollow valve 2 is inserted.
- the device 1 according to the invention also has a contact plate 12, which is at least partially made of an electrically conductive material, in particular made of stainless steel or copper, and thus is electrically good conducting.
- the cathode 11 penetrates the Ventilschaftszentri mecanic 6 and the first carrier 8 and at the same time has a chamfer 13 for simplified insertion of the cathode 11 into the bore of the hollow valve 2.
- the valve head holder 5 is resiliently mounted and axially movable relative to the valve seat 7, whereby at least a small tolerance compensation is possible and the valve head holder 5 can be used even for different valve types.
- the resilient mounting of the valve head holder 5 relative to the valve seat 7 is effected via a coil spring 14.
- a cavity in the region of the valve head 4 of the hollow valve 2 is enlarged by means of electrochemical removal in order to be able to achieve improved cooling there.
- this also requires an electrolyte, which can be supplied, for example, through a hollow cathode 11 and can be removed via an electrolyte outlet 16 arranged in the region of the valve stem centering 6.
- the Ventilschaftszentri réelle 6 an electrolyte supply 16 and the cathode holder 10 have an electrolyte discharge 16 '.
- the cathode 11 is sealed off from the valve stem centering 6 by a seal 20.
- the contact plate 12 is movable relative to the first carrier 8 and that at least until the contact plate 12 is brought into electrically conductive contact with the valve head 4 of the hollow valve 2 (see. Fig. 3b ). If the contact plate 12 further moved relative to the first carrier 8, the valve head holder 5 is depressed and indeed so far until the contact plate 12 rests against a disposed between the contact plate 12 and the first support 8 stop 17 (see FIG. 1 ). If the contact plate 12 is now pressed further down, then the first carrier 8 moves down to the second carrier 9 and causes a retraction of the cathode 11 through the Ventilschaftszentri réelle 6 and the first carrier 8 in the bore of the hollow valve 2.
- the end position is reached when the first carrier 8 on the stop 17 '(see. Fig. 1 ) or a predetermined height position is reached.
- the operation can be done for example by a pneumatic or hydraulic or NC controlled.
- the second carrier 9 is fixed. If the cathode 11 is retracted to a predefined degree in the bore of the hollow valve 2, the electrochemical removal can take place.
- Fig. 3a shows a device 1 according to the invention with a movable contact plate 12 and a movable second carrier 9, wherein the first carrier 8 and with this the valve seat 7 are fixed.
- the contact plate 12 is thus moved relative to the first carrier 8 downwards and that at least until the contact plate 12 is brought into electrically conductive contact with the valve head 4 of the hollow valve 2.
- the second carrier 9 is moved with the cathode 11 from bottom to top until the cathode 11 enters the hollow valve 2 through the valve stem centering 6.
- Fig. 3c again shows a variant of the device 1 according to the invention with a movable first and second carrier, whereas the contact plate 12 is fixed.
- the first carrier 8 is moved upward in the direction of the contact plate 12 until the contact plate 12 is brought into electrically conductive contact with the valve head 4 of the hollow valve 2.
- the valve head holder 5 is depressed.
- an upward movement of the second carrier with the cathode 11 until it is retracted by the Ventilschaftszentri réelle 6 and the first carrier 8 in the bore of the hollow valve 2. If the cathode 11 is retracted to a predefined degree in the bore of the hollow valve 2, the electrochemical removal can take place.
- valve stem centering 6 defines the valve stem of the hollow valve 2, in particular its valve stem end, in a defined manner and aligns this relative to the cathode 11.
- the valve stem centering 6 is designed as an easily exchangeable replacement part, as well as, for example, the valve seat 7 and the valve head holder 5, to allow a quick change different types of valves to be processed.
- an outer diameter of the cathode 11 is smaller than the bore diameter plus offset of the bore (tolerance).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung zumindest eines Hohlventils für den Gasaustausch, insbesondere für Verbrennungsmotoren.The present invention relates to a device for producing at least one hollow valve for the gas exchange, in particular for internal combustion engines.
Hohlventile für Verbrennungsmotoren sind seit langem Stand der Technik und ermöglichen aufgrund der Kühlung eine längere Lebensdauer sowie eine verbesserte Leistung des Verbrennungsmotors. Neben einer reinen Wärmeableitung über einen Ventilsitzring in dem Zylinderkopf bieten derartige Hohlventile zusätzlich die Möglichkeit, in ihrem Hohlraum ein Kühlmedium, beispielsweise Natrium, aufzunehmen, wodurch insbesondere Vorteile beim Einsatz als Auslassventil erzielt werden können. Natrium schmilzt bei 97,5 Grad Celsius und ist darüber hinaus ein sehr guter Wärmeleiter, wobei das Natrium aufgrund der Betriebstemperatur des Verbrennungsmotors flüssig und dann durch die Massenkräfte im Schaft hin- und her bewegt wird. In diesem Zusammenhang spricht man auch von dem sogenannten "Shaker-Effekt". Das Kühlmittel, also vornehmlich das Natrium, transportiert dabei einen Teil der bei der Verbrennung anfallenden Wärme vom Ventilteller und insbesondere von einem hochbelasteten Hohlkehlenbereich in den Schaftbereich und kann von dort über die Ventilführung abgeführt werden. Durch mit Natrium gekühlte Hohlventile lassen sich die Temperaturen am Ventilteller um 80 °C bis 150 °C senken. Positiver Nebeneffekt dabei zusätzlich, dass ein derartiges Hohlventil trotz Natriumfüllung leichter ist als ein Ventil mit massivem Ventilschaft.Hollow valves for internal combustion engines have long been state of the art and, due to the cooling, allow a longer service life and improved performance of the internal combustion engine. In addition to a pure heat dissipation via a valve seat ring in the cylinder head, such hollow valves additionally offer the possibility of accommodating a cooling medium, for example sodium, in their hollow space, as a result of which advantages can be achieved in particular when used as an outlet valve. Sodium melts at 97.5 degrees Celsius and is also a very good conductor of heat, the sodium being liquid due to the operating temperature of the internal combustion engine and then being moved back and forth by the inertial forces in the stem. In this context, one speaks of the so-called "shaker effect". The coolant, ie primarily the sodium, transports part of the heat arising during the combustion from the valve disk and in particular from a highly loaded fillet area into the shaft area and can be removed from there via the valve guide. Sodium-cooled hollow valves allow the valve disc temperatures to be reduced by 80 ° C to 150 ° C. Positive side effect in addition to the fact that such a hollow valve is easier despite sodium filling than a valve with solid valve stem.
Neben der eigentlichen Bohrung im Ventilschaft sollte jedoch ein Hohlraum im Ventilteller größer sein, um insbesondere die hochbelasteten Bereiche des Ventiltellers (beispielsweise Hohlkehlenbereich) besser kühlen zu können. Hierzu wird üblicherweise das sogenannte ECM-Verfahren (Elektrochemisches Abtragen) verwendet, bei welchem eine Kathode in die Bohrung des Ventilschafts eingeführt und Elektronen über einen Elektrolyten an das als Anode fungierende Werkstück, hier das Hohlventil, aussendet.In addition to the actual bore in the valve stem, however, a cavity in the valve plate should be larger in order to be able to cool in particular the highly stressed areas of the valve disk (for example, the groove area) better. For this purpose, usually the so-called ECM method (electrochemical removal) used in which a cathode is inserted into the bore of the valve stem and electrons via an electrolyte to the anode acting as a workpiece, here the hollow valve emits.
Dokument
Die vorliegende Erfindung beschäftigt sich daher mit dem Problem, eine Vorrichtung für die Herstellung zumindest eines Hohlventils für den Gasaustausch anzugeben, mittels welcher eine besonders präzise und zugleich wirtschaftliche Herstellung eines derartigen Hohlventils möglich ist.The present invention therefore deals with the problem of providing a device for the production of at least one hollow valve for the gas exchange, by means of which a particularly precise and at the same time economic production of such a hollow valve is possible.
Dieses Problem wird erfindungsgemäß durch den Gegenstand des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This problem is solved according to the invention by the subject matter of
Die vorliegende Erfindung beruht auf dem allgemeinen Gedanken, eine mehrteilige Vorrichtung für die Herstellung zumindest eines Hohlventils für den Gasaustausch, insbesondere für einen Verbrennungsmotor, anzugeben, bei welchem sowohl das zu bearbeitende Hohlventil während der Bearbeitung zuverlässig fixiert, als auch eine Führung der Kathode äußerst präzise möglich ist. Darüber hinaus kann ein Austausch eines fertig bearbeitenden Hohlventils durch ein noch nicht bearbeitetes Hohlventil vergleichsweise einfach erfolgen, wodurch sich eine besonders wirtschaftliche Herstellbarkeit ergibt. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung weist einen Ventilhalter auf, bestehend aus einer Ventilschaftzentrierung, einer Ventilaufnahme und einem Ventilkopfhalter, wobei die Ventilaufnahme an einem zu haltenden Ventilschaft und der Ventilkopfhalter an einen zu haltenden Ventilkopf angepasst sind. Der Ventilhalter ermöglicht dabei ein schwerkraftbedingtes Halten des zu bearbeitenden Hohlventils, da der Ventilkopfhalter oben angeordnet ist und somit ein einfaches von oben Einführen und Fixieren des zu bearbeitenden Hohlventils ermöglicht wird. Der Ventilhalter ist dabei über seine Ventilschaftzentrierung auf einem ersten Träger angeordnet, wogegen zumindest ein Kathodenhalter mit einer Kathode, die durch den ersten Träger über die Ventilschaftzentrierung in eine Bohrung des Hohlventils einführbar ist, auf einem zweiten, darunter angeordneten Träger befestigt ist. Darüber hinaus weist die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung noch zumindest eine, dem Ventilkopfhalter gegenüberliegende, Kontaktplatte auf. Das Bearbeiten des erfindungsgemäßen Hohlventils zur Herstellung des insbesondere im Ventilkopf vergrößerten Hohlraums erfolgt dabei wie folgt: Zunächst wird das zu bearbeitende Hohlventil kopfüber von oben in den Ventilhalter eingelegt, bis es mit seinem Ventilkopf (Ventilteller) am Ventilkopfhalter anliegt. Anschließend wird entweder der erste Träger gegen die Kontaktplatte oder aber die Kontaktplatte in Richtung des ersten Trägers verstellt, bis die Kontaktplatte in Kontakt mit dem im Ventilhalter gehaltenen Hohlventil(en) kommt. In dem sich daran anschließenden Verfahrensschritt kann entweder die Kontaktplatte weiter in Richtung des ersten Trägers gedrückt werden, wodurch sich zwar der Abstand zwischen der Kontaktplatte und dem ersten Träger nicht verändert, wohl aber der Abstand zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Träger. Das Reduzieren des Abstandes zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Träger wiederum bewirkt, dass die am zweiten Träger angeordnete Kathode durch den ersten Träger hindurch über die Ventilschaftzentrierung in die Bohrung des Hohlventils eingeführt wird. Ist die Kathode dabei soweit eingeführt, dass diese den Ventilkopf des zu bearbeitenden Hohlventils erreicht hat, wird zusätzlich ein Elektrolyt zugeführt und das elektrochemische Abtragen kann beginnen. Dabei ist die Kathode über eine Dichtung gegenüber der Ventilschaftzentrierung abgedichtet. Ist der gewünschte vergrößerte Hohlraum im Ventilkopf des herzustellenden Hohlventils hergestellt, wird beispielsweise wieder die Kontaktplatte zurückgezogen, wodurch ein Ausfahren der Kathode aus der Bohrung des Hohlventils und anschließend auch eine Kontaktunterbrechung zwischen der Kontaktplatte und dem Ventilkopf des bearbeiteten Hohlventils erfolgt. Anschließend kann das fertig bearbeitete Hohlventil einfach aus dem Ventilhalter entnommen werden.The present invention is based on the general idea to provide a multi-part device for the production of at least one hollow valve for gas exchange, in particular for an internal combustion engine, in which both the hollow valve to be machined reliably fixed during processing, as well as a leadership of the cathode extremely precise is possible. In addition, an exchange of a finished hollow valve can be done relatively easily by a not yet processed hollow valve, resulting in a particularly economical manufacturability. The device according to the invention has a valve holder, consisting of a Ventilschaftszentrierung, a valve receptacle and a valve head holder, wherein the valve receptacle to be held on a valve stem and the valve head holder to be held Valve head are adapted. The valve holder allows a gravitational holding of the hollow valve to be processed, since the valve head holder is arranged at the top and thus a simple from above introducing and fixing the hollow valve to be processed is made possible. The valve holder is arranged on its Ventilschaftszentrierung on a first carrier, while at least one cathode holder with a cathode, which is inserted through the first carrier via the Ventilschaftszentrierung in a bore of the hollow valve, is mounted on a second, arranged underneath carrier. In addition, the device according to the invention still has at least one, the valve head holder opposite, contact plate. The processing of the hollow valve according to the invention for the preparation of the enlarged in particular in the valve head cavity is carried out as follows: First, the hollow valve to be processed is placed head first from above into the valve holder until it rests with its valve head (valve plate) on the valve head holder. Subsequently, either the first carrier is moved against the contact plate or the contact plate in the direction of the first carrier until the contact plate comes into contact with the hollow valve (s) held in the valve holder. In the subsequent process step, either the contact plate can be pressed further in the direction of the first carrier, which does not change the distance between the contact plate and the first carrier, but the distance between the first and the second carrier. Reducing the distance between the first and second supports, in turn, causes the cathode disposed on the second support to be inserted into the bore of the hollow valve through the first support through the valve stem centering. If the cathode is introduced so far that it has reached the valve head of the hollow valve to be processed, an electrolyte is additionally supplied and the electrochemical removal can begin. In this case, the cathode is sealed by a seal against the valve stem centering. If the desired enlarged cavity is produced in the valve head of the hollow valve to be produced, the contact plate, for example, is withdrawn again, whereby an extension of the cathode from the bore of the hollow valve and subsequently also a contact interruption between the contact plate and the valve head of the processed hollow valve takes place. Subsequently, the finished hollow valve can be easily removed from the valve holder.
Zweckmäßig ist die Kontaktplatte zumindest teilweise, aus einem elektrisch leitenden Material, insbesondere aus Edelstahl oder aus Kupfer, ausgebildet. Beide Ausführungsformen ermöglichen eine optimale elektrische Leitung zwischen dem zu bearbeitenden Hohlventil und der Kontaktplatte und sind darüber hinaus Korrosionsbeständig, woraus eine lange Lebensdauer resultiert.Suitably, the contact plate is at least partially made of an electrically conductive material, in particular stainless steel or copper. Both embodiments allow optimum electrical conduction between the hollow valve to be machined and the contact plate and are also resistant to corrosion, resulting in a long life.
Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung ist der Ventilkopfhalter federnd und axial beweglich gegenüber der Ventilaufnahme gelagert. Hierdurch sind insbesondere ein Toleranzausgleich möglich, sowie eine spannungsarme Fixierung des zu bearbeitenden Hohlventils im Ventilhalter.In a further advantageous embodiment of the solution according to the invention, the valve head holder is mounted resiliently and axially movable relative to the valve receptacle. As a result, in particular a tolerance compensation are possible, as well as a low-tension fixation of the hollow valve to be processed in the valve holder.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung weist die Ventilschaftzentrierung eine Elektrolytzuführung und der Kathodenhalter eine Elektrolytabführung auf. Alternativ ist auch vorstellbar, dass die Ventilschaftzentrierung eine Elektrolytabführung und der Kathodenhalter eine Elektrolytzuführung aufweist. Dies stellt gleichwertige, jedoch konstruktiv unterschiedliche Ausführungsformen der Elektrolytzu- bzw. abführung dar. Um ein Austreten des Elektrolyten zuverlässig verhindern zu können, ist die Kathode über eine Dichtung gegenüber der Ventilschaftzentrierung abgedichtet. Hierdurch ist es möglich den Elektrolyten mit einem Druck von bis zu 15 bar zu beaufschlagen.In an advantageous development of the solution according to the invention, the valve stem centering has an electrolyte feed and the cathode holder has an electrolyte discharge. Alternatively, it is also conceivable that the valve stem centering has an electrolyte discharge and the cathode holder has an electrolyte feed. This represents equivalent but structurally different embodiments of the electrolyte supply and discharge. In order to be able to reliably prevent leakage of the electrolyte, the cathode is sealed off via a seal relative to the valve stem centering. This makes it possible to pressurize the electrolyte with a pressure of up to 15 bar.
Sämtlichen Ausführungsformen ist dabei gemein, dass der Ventilhalter bzw. zumindest dessen Ventilkopfhalter und/oder der Kathodenhalter vergleichsweise einfach ausgetauscht werden können, wodurch die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung flexibel und einfach an unterschiedlichste zu bearbeitende Hohlventile anpassbar ist. Darüber hinaus ist selbstverständlich denkbar, dass mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung nicht nur ein einziges Hohlventil, sondern mehrere Hohlventile gleichzeitig bearbeitet werden können, was insbesondere dazu beiträgt, die Herstellungskosten zu senken. Zudem ist es vorstellbar, das das Ventil nicht nur hängend in der Vorrichtung zu bearbeiten, sondern auch in einer Ventilaufnahme stehend oder liegend, besonders vorteilhaft ist aber die hier beschriebene hängende Aufnahme.Common to all embodiments is that the valve holder or at least its valve head holder and / or the cathode holder can be replaced comparatively easily, as a result of which the device according to the invention flexible and easy to adapt to a variety of hollow valves to be processed. In addition, it is of course conceivable that with the device according to the invention not only a single hollow valve, but a plurality of hollow valves can be processed simultaneously, which in particular helps to reduce the manufacturing cost. In addition, it is conceivable that the valve not only suspended in the device to work, but also in a valve seat standing or lying, but particularly advantageous is the hanging receptacle described here.
Weitere wichtige Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, aus den Zeichnungen und aus der zugehörigen Figurenbeschreibung anhand der Zeichnungen.Other important features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, from the drawings and from the associated figure description with reference to the drawings.
Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the particular combination given, but also in other combinations or in isolation, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert, wobei sich gleiche Bezugszeichen auf gleiche oder ähnliche oder funktional gleiche Komponenten beziehen.Preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in more detail in the following description, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar or functionally identical components.
Dabei zeigen, jeweils schematisch,
- Fig. 1
- eine Schnittdarstellung durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung für die Herstellung zumindest eines Hohlventils,
- Fig. 2
- eine Detaildarstellung aus
im Bereich einer Ventilschaftzentrierung,Figur 1 - Fig. 3a
- eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit einer verfahrbaren Kontaktplatte und einem verfahrbaren zweiten Träger, wobei der erste Träger und mit diesem die Ventilaufnahme fixiert sind,
- Fig. 3b
- eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit einer verfahrbaren Kontaktplatte und einem verfahrbaren ersten Träger, wobei der zweite Träger und mit diesem die Kathode fixiert sind,
- Fig. 3c
- eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit einem verfahrbaren ersten und zweiten Träger.
- Fig. 1
- a sectional view through an inventive device for the production of at least one hollow valve,
- Fig. 2
- a detailed view
FIG. 1 in the area of a valve stem centering, - Fig. 3a
- a device according to the invention with a movable contact plate and a movable second carrier, wherein the first carrier and with this the valve seat are fixed,
- Fig. 3b
- a device according to the invention with a movable contact plate and a movable first carrier, wherein the second carrier and with this the cathode are fixed,
- Fig. 3c
- a device according to the invention with a movable first and second carrier.
Entsprechend der
Betrachtet man die
Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 wird insbesondere ein Hohlraum im Bereich des Ventilkopfs 4 des Hohlventils 2 mittels elektrochemischem Abtragen vergrößert, um dort eine verbesserte Kühlung erreichen zu können. Neben der Kathode 11 ist hierfür auch ein Elektrolyt erforderlich, der beispielsweise durch eine hohl ausgebildete Kathode 11 zugeführt und über eine im Bereich der Ventilschaftzentrierung 6 angeordnete Elektrolytabführung 16 abgeführt werden kann. In diesem Fall weist also die Ventilschaftzentrierung 6 die Elektrolytabführung 16' und der Kathodenhalter 10 die Elektrolytzuführung 16 auf. Alternativ kann selbstverständlich auch die Ventilschaftzentrierung 6 eine Elektrolytzuführung 16 und der Kathodenhalter 10 eine Elektrolytabführung 16' aufweisen. Um ein Austreten des Elektrolyts zuverlässig verhindern zu können, ist die Kathode 11 über eine Dichtung 20 gegenüber der Ventilschaftzentrierung 6 abgedichtet.With the
Üblicherweise ist bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 die Kontaktplatte 12 relativ zum ersten Träger 8 verfahrbar und zwar zumindest soweit, bis die Kontaktplatte 12 in elektrisch leitenden Kontakt mit dem Ventilkopf 4 des Hohlventils 2 gebracht ist (vgl.
Generell nimmt die Ventilschaftzentrierung 6 den Ventilschaft des Hohlventils 2, insbesondere dessen Ventilschaftende, definiert auf und richtet dieses relativ zur Kathode 11 aus. Die Ventilschaftzentrierung 6 ist dabei als einfach auszutauschendes Wechselteil ausgelegt, ebenso wie beispielsweise die Ventilaufnahme 7 bzw. der Ventilkopfhalter 5, um einen schnellen Wechsel unterschiedlich zu bearbeitender Ventiltypen zu ermöglichen. Um stets ein berührungsfreies Einfahren der Kathode 11 in die Bohrung des Hohlventils 2 zu ermöglichen, ist ein Außendurchmesser der Kathode 11 kleiner als der Bohrungsdurchmesser plus Versatz der Bohrung (Toleranz).In general, the valve stem centering 6 defines the valve stem of the
Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 lässt sich selbstverständlich nicht nur ein einziges Hohlventil 2 bearbeiten, sondern gleichzeitig mehrere Hohlventile 2 parallel, wodurch nicht nur ein qualitativ äußerst hochwertiges, sondern zudem auch wirtschaftliches Herstellen des Hohlventile 2 möglich ist.Of course, not only a single
Claims (11)
- Device (1) for manufacturing at least one hollow valve (2) for gas exchange, in particular for combustion engines having- at least one valve holder (3), consisting of a valve stem centring (6), a valve seat (7) and a valve head holder (5) wherein the valve seat (7) is adapted to a valve stem to be held and the valve head holder (5) is adapted to a valve head (4) to be held,- a first support (8) on which the valve holder (3) is arranged via the valve stem centring (6),- at least one cathode holder (10), arranged on a second support (9), having a cathode (11) which can be inserted through the first support (8) via the valve stem centring (6) into a drill hole of the hollow valve (2),- at least one contact plate (12) opposing the valve head holder (5).
- Device according to claim 1,
characterised in that
the cathode (11) penetrates through the first support (8). - Device according to claim 1 or 2,
characterised in that
the cathode (11) is sealed off from the valve stem centring (6) with a seal (20). - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
characterised in that
the contact plate (12) is configured at least partially in an electrically conductive material, in particular in stainless steel or copper. - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
characterised in that
the first support (8) is mounted relatively moveable with respect to the second support (9) and/or with respect to the contact plate (12). - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
characterised in that
the first support (8) is fixed and the second support (9) and the contact plate (12) are mounted relative to the first support (8). - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
characterised in that
the valve head holder (5) is mounted resiliently and axially movable with respect to the valve seat (7). - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
characterised in that
the contact plate (12) is arranged displaceable relative to the first support (8) and a stop (17) is arranged between the first support (8) and the contact plate (12). - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
characterised in that
the first support (8) is displaceable relative to the second support (9), provided the hollow valve (2) to be processed rests on the contact plate (12). - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
characterised in that- the valve stem centring (6) has an electrolyte supply pipe (16) and the cathode holder (10) has an electrolyte discharge pipe (16'), or- the valve stem centring (6) has an electrolyte discharge pipe (16') and cathode holder (10) has an electrolyte supply pipe (16). - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
characterised in that
the hollow valve (2) is arranged hanging, standing or lying in the device (1).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102014225619.4A DE102014225619A1 (en) | 2014-12-11 | 2014-12-11 | Device for the production of at least one hollow valve |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3032052A1 EP3032052A1 (en) | 2016-06-15 |
EP3032052B1 true EP3032052B1 (en) | 2017-06-21 |
Family
ID=54337670
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP15190711.0A Active EP3032052B1 (en) | 2014-12-11 | 2015-10-21 | Device for manufacturing at least one hollow valve |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US9828892B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3032052B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6591881B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20160071315A (en) |
CN (1) | CN105689826B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102014225619A1 (en) |
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KR102104039B1 (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-04-23 | 김영미 | Wire cutting machine |
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JP2016114053A (en) | 2016-06-23 |
CN105689826A (en) | 2016-06-22 |
DE102014225619A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
US9828892B2 (en) | 2017-11-28 |
KR20160071315A (en) | 2016-06-21 |
EP3032052A1 (en) | 2016-06-15 |
JP6591881B2 (en) | 2019-10-16 |
CN105689826B (en) | 2018-11-27 |
US20160186621A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
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