EP3030844B1 - Process to manage water heating in a water heater tank - Google Patents

Process to manage water heating in a water heater tank Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3030844B1
EP3030844B1 EP14747611.3A EP14747611A EP3030844B1 EP 3030844 B1 EP3030844 B1 EP 3030844B1 EP 14747611 A EP14747611 A EP 14747611A EP 3030844 B1 EP3030844 B1 EP 3030844B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
tank
water
determination
temperature
Prior art date
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Application number
EP14747611.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3030844A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Yves Gaspard
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Winslim
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Winslim
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
    • F24H9/2021—Storage heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/185—Water-storage heaters using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/128—Preventing overheating
    • F24H15/132—Preventing the operation of water heaters with low water levels, e.g. dry-firing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
    • F24H15/223—Temperature of the water in the water storage tank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/269—Time, e.g. hour or date
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/288—Accumulation of deposits, e.g. lime or scale
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/395—Information to users, e.g. alarms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
    • F24H15/414—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/25—Temperature of the heat-generating means in the heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2250/00—Electrical heat generating means
    • F24H2250/08—Induction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to water heating devices otherwise called water heaters. It relates in particular to a method for managing water heating intended to prevent possible insufficient water in the water heater.
  • Water heaters are devices for heating water for different household or industrial needs.
  • the term “water heater” is understood to mean a water storage device which has at least one tank serving as a hot water storage heating body, also frequently referred to as a balloon. The water is admitted into the storage tank where it is intended to be heated there.
  • the invention relates to an electric water storage water heater.
  • the capacity of such a tank is more or less important according to the needs to which the storage devices are dedicated, for example by being associated with a sink faucet, a shower and / or a bathtub, etc.
  • an electric water heater generally has a heating device immersed in the tank serving as a heating body, making it possible to heat the water it contains.
  • the water in the tank of a water heater naturally stratifies if it is not stirred: hot water above and cold water below.
  • the temperature of the water within the heating body is, in a known manner, controlled by a sensor or a probe, said probe being immersed in the tank and preferably positioned near the water heating device.
  • the probe cannot be placed too close to the heater because in this case the probe would detect the temperature of the heater and not the temperature of the water to be heated.
  • the drawback of this probe, intended to measure the temperature of the water is that it is not configured to efficiently and above all rapidly perceive the overheating of the heating device; said device running the risk of continuing the heating until its irrevocable deterioration in the event that it cannot exchange its heat efficiently with water.
  • the problem is all the more obvious for water heaters comprising a heating device in the form of a resistance.
  • the resistors are known to have a particularly low exchange surface with water, while requiring a long time to heat the water. Consequently, it turns out to be particularly difficult to detect, finely and reactively, an overheating of the heating device. Overheating is very often detected too late resulting in irreversible damage to the water heater and the heater.
  • the overheating of the heating device is a major and known problem, due to the lack of heat exchange by the heating body, to a lack of irrigation or to excessive scaling.
  • a problem at the basis of the present invention is to provide a heating management method avoiding overheating of the heating device by detecting a probable insufficient water in the tank of the water heater.
  • This method of managing the heating of water in a tank of a water heater which comprises a device for electric heating of the water in the tank, comprises, when a water heating phase is commanded: activation of a heater by the heating device, determination of a temporal variation of temperature in the tank and a determination of at least one state of water filling of the tank as a function of the temporal variation.
  • the method according to the present invention also provides, preferably, during the heating phase: a periodic determination of a temporal variation of temperature in the tank during a predefined time interval, a determination of a state of insufficient water filling of the tank when a positive temporal variation greater than a predefined value is detected and heating is stopped following the determination of the insufficient filling state.
  • the invention also relates to a water heating system in a tank of a water heater, comprising an electric water heating device and a heating management device configured to control the activation and deactivation of the device.
  • the heating management device comprises at least one temperature measurement sensor capable of measuring a temperature in the tank and means arranged to carry out the method according to one of the preceding claims.
  • the technical effect, induced by the method and the water heating system of a water heater according to the invention, is to prevent the risks of overheating in a water heater by the detection of an insufficient level by water in the water heater tank, which may cause the water heater to malfunction.
  • the invention thus proposes a detection method that is relatively simple to set up and inexpensive making it possible to avoid, in the event of overheating of the heating device, the costs of repairing or even replacing a water heater, which proving to be be relatively high.
  • the detection of a problem, in particular an insufficient filling with water takes place after a slight heating of the device so that no risk of material damage is taken.
  • the method according to the present invention making it possible to detect insufficient water in the tank, is carried out at start-up but also during the heating period.
  • the absence of water in the tank can occur at any time, so it is advantageous that the protection is permanently active.
  • the figures 1 to 4 describe an example of a water heater comprising an electric water heater and a heater management device configured to control the activation, control and deactivation of the heater, making it possible to carry out the method according to the invention.
  • the figure 1 illustrates a cross section of a water heater 1.
  • the water heater 1 comprises a tank 2 intended to receive a volume of water and a heating device.
  • the tank 2 has, for example, a capacity greater than 10 liters, preferably greater than 20 liters.
  • the tank 2 is delimited on the one hand by a peripheral casing 3 and on the other hand by the wall 4 of a sealed sheath 5 plunging into the internal volume of the peripheral casing 3.
  • the tank has an opening 7, preferably in the form of a hatch, making it possible to insert the heating element, this heating element being able to be inserted into a sleeve which can itself be inserted through the opening 7.
  • the tank 2 comprises at one of its two longitudinal ends: a mouth 6a for water inlet intended to be heated and a mouth 6b for heated water outlet.
  • the heating device comprises at least one inductor 10 housed in the sleeve 5 and at least one load formed by at least part of the wall 4 of the sleeve 5.
  • the inductor 10 is advantageously, indirectly, a heat generator.
  • the principle of induction heating has many advantages. Induction requires a magnetic field generating an induced current in an electrically conductive part called the load and, therefore, creates heating in this load.
  • the inductor 10 can advantageously be positioned on a support 9. In a particularly advantageous manner, the support 9 simplifies the winding phase, in that it serves both to produce the inductor 10 and also to hold it in. the water heater 1.
  • the support 9 is fixedly mounted in the sleeve 5.
  • the support 9 is fixed relative to the sleeve 5 by only one of its ends located on the side of the opening 7; said opening 7 being located through the peripheral casing 3 of the water heater 1, at one of the longitudinal ends of the water heater 1.
  • the tank 2 and / or the sleeve 5 and / or the inductor 10 have cylindrical shapes.
  • the sleeve 5 and the inductor 10 have rectangular parallelepiped shapes.
  • the tank 2 takes, in a particularly advantageous manner, a rectangular parallelepiped shape so as to save space in use.
  • the water heater also comprises a heating management device comprising at least one secondary heat sleeve 8 intended to control the temperature inside the tank 2.
  • the secondary sleeve 8 may be in the form of a tube.
  • This secondary sheath 8 is preferably a small diameter sheath making it possible to receive a temperature sensor which is, for example, a temperature probe of the CTN (Negative Temperature Coefficient) type, the CTN probe being a thermistor whose resistance decreases in such a manner. uniform with temperature. It should be ensured that the thermal contact between the secondary sheath 8 and the temperature probe placed within it is correct.
  • the secondary sleeve 8 extends in the longitudinal direction of the sleeve 5.
  • the secondary sleeve 8 is located near the outer wall 4 of the sleeve 5 and, for example, less than 2 centimeters.
  • the figure 2 illustrates a cross section of the sleeve 5.
  • the wall 4 of the sleeve 5 is sealed so as to prevent water from entering the heating device.
  • the wall 4 of the sleeve 5 is advantageously formed from a steel sheet with a thickness, for example, between 0.4 millimeter (mm) and 2.3 millimeters.
  • the sheath 5 is enameled just like the interior of the tank 2; enamel hangs better on decarbonized steel. Decarburized steel is very magnetic and therefore proves to be a very good load for an induction heating system.
  • the heating power dissipates in a thickness of about 0.4 mm (induction frequency of 20 kHz) with regard to the inductor system and therefore that it is necessary that the thickness of the sheath be at less than a thickness of 0.4 mm.
  • the sleeve 5 has an access opening at one of its ends, the support 9 being inserted into the sleeve 5 by said end.
  • the secondary sleeve 8 is preferably fixed by one of its longitudinal ends on a first face of a plate 12 before being inserted into the tank 2.
  • the secondary sleeve 8 is a tube welded to the same plate as the sleeve 5. and is enameled like said sheath 5.
  • the plate 12 here has the shape of a disc.
  • the plate 12 is fixed to the outer wall of the tank 2 by means of a seal.
  • the sheath 5 comprises a base 11 fixed to one of its longitudinal ends.
  • the base 11 is preferably in the form of a disc or a square.
  • the heating device inside the sleeve 5 can be removed from the water heater by simply removing the fixing means. Exceptionally, the heating device can be checked, checked, or even changed without opening, therefore without having to empty tank 2.
  • the support 9 serves as a winding support 22.
  • the winding wire 21 22 is inserted inside the support 9 and it is crimped towards the end of the base 11.
  • the cable is then stretched.
  • wire 21 and it is passed through a slot of the support surface 13 located at one end of the support 9.
  • the support 9 can then be fixed on the winder (similar to a turn) and the winding wire 21 22 which passed through the slot of the bearing surface 13 of the support 9 is then immediately in the right place to start the winding.
  • the wire is cut and passed through the slots 19 or holding notches until it reaches the bearing surface 14 located at the other end of the support 9.
  • the support 9 comprises several slots 19. because different versions of inductors are provided depending on the power required.
  • the notches or slots 19 serve to clamp the winding wire 21 22 which is passed through the center of the support 9 to join the starting wire 21 but diametrically opposed.
  • the two wires 21 are connected to their respective connectors secured to the base 11.
  • the figure 3 illustrates a cross section of the interior of the sleeve 5 and of the secondary sleeve 8.
  • the inductor 10 comprises a coil 22 formed on the support 9.
  • the support 9 comprises a lateral outer surface provided with a winding portion 22 and a wedging portion 13.
  • the winding portion 22 is set back relative to the wedging portion 13.
  • the wedging portion comprises a bearing surface 13 on the internal wall of the sleeve 5.
  • the bearing surface 13 comprises two portions located on either side of the winding portion 22 in a longitudinal direction of the sleeve 5.
  • the recess 17 of the winding portion 22 relative to the wedging portion 13 is greater than the thickness of the winding 22.
  • the space 16 separating the coil 22 and the internal face of the wall 4 of the sleeve 5 is preferably less than 5 millimeters and, advantageously, less than 1 millimeter. Surprisingly, it is in fact advantageous for the coil 22 of the inductor 10 to be placed near the sheath 5. This promotes a concentration of the heating on a portion. only the thickness of the sheath 5. It should be noted that, surprisingly, those skilled in the art tend to move the inductor type coils away from the heated elements. This is because, as the name suggests, the heated elements heat up and tend to cause the inductor systems to heat up if they are placed too close.
  • the inductor windings are generally insulated by organic varnishes, the most efficient of which do not withstand temperatures above 220 ° C.
  • the internal wall 4 (with a thickness for example of 0.4 mm) of the sleeve 5 is advantageously heated, which heats up.
  • the sheath 5 is immersed in water with which it exchanges its heat. During the heating phase, the temperature of the sleeve 5 is therefore always higher than the temperature of the water for the exchange to take place, but the temperature difference remains low, for example 30 ° C for an injected power of 1800 Watts. (W).
  • the sleeve 5 reaches a maximum of 95 ° C and the sleeve 5 can then be considered as a cold zone for the coil 22 inductor. It is then advantageous to bring the inductor coil 22 closer to the sleeve 5 so as to cool it. This approximation is also advantageous for its construction because the coupling to the load is then increased and therefore the inductor system needs fewer ampere turns to operate correctly with its associated inverter, which increases the efficiency of the assembly and thus decreases. the cost. Finally, it should be noted that it may be necessary to interpose an additional electrical insulator around the coil 22 in the event that the distance between the coil 22 and the sheath 5 connected to earth becomes small.
  • the bearing surface 13 and the internal face of the sleeve 5 are arranged in a sliding fit. Particularly advantageously, during the insertion of the support 9 into the sleeve 5 and in use, the bearing surface 13 prevents the coil 22 from coming into contact with the internal face of the wall 4 of the sleeve 5.
  • the diameter of the bearing surface 13, 14, greater than the diameter of the winding portion 22, makes it possible, on the one hand, to protect the winding 22 and, on the other hand, to control the insertion play of the support 9 comprising the coil 22 in the sleeve 5.
  • the figure 4 illustrates a view of the support 9.
  • the support 9 is preferably in the form of a hollow tube. Particularly advantageously, the support 9 is configured so as to cooperate with the shape of the internal wall 4 of the sheath 5.
  • a first longitudinal end of the support 9 comprises a first wedging portion comprising a base 11, a bearing surface 13 , 14 and at least one slot 19 for retaining the winding wire 21 22.
  • a second longitudinal end of the support 9, opposite the first, comprises a bearing surface 13, 14 and at least one slot 19 for retaining the winding wire 21 22.
  • the bearing surface 13, 14 comprises, in a particularly advantageous manner, a plurality of crenellated peaks formed on an annular portion of the wedging portion.
  • the crenellations allow a balance of the support 9 within the sheath 5. They also limit the phenomena of hyperstatism during insertion.
  • the crenellations advantageously allow a simplification of the coil 22.
  • an inductor coil 22 of the Pan Cake type will preferably be used, without resorting to the use of a support. 9.
  • the wall of the support 9 is perforated so as to promote heat transfer within the sleeve 5, to minimize the weight of the support 9 and therefore its cost.
  • the support 9 is formed of materials resistant to high temperatures such as plastics (for example, BMC “Bulk Molding Compound” comprising Polyester resin or the Vinylester) reinforced with glass fibers.
  • plastics for example, BMC “Bulk Molding Compound” comprising Polyester resin or the Vinylester
  • the support 9 is advantageously hollow and its center can allow the passage of the winding wire 21 22.
  • the figure 5 illustrates a schematic representation of the various steps of the process according to the invention with respect to time t and temperature variables T.
  • the various phases presented are only examples of situations that may occur.
  • the temperature variations are illustrated as being linear, but only to simplify the representation of the principle of the invention, these variations being able to have other forms of curves.
  • the heating management device comprises at least one secondary temperature measuring sleeve 8 capable of measuring a temperature in the tank 2 and means arranged to carry out the method.
  • the secondary sheath 8 is advantageously equipped with a temperature probe. This probe is preferably brought into abutment in the secondary sheath 8.
  • the data measured by the sensor are advantageously transmitted to means arranged to carry out the method of the invention.
  • these means comprise a microprocessor or a microcontroller, and are capable of recovering the data, analyzing them and then transmitting control information, for example stopping or continuing heating to the heating device of the water heater.
  • These means can include any electronic component such as PLC systems, memories, interfaces for receiving and acquiring data, for example temperature, and control, as well as instructions that can be executed by at least one processor to implement the method presented here.
  • a first step at a time t 0 consists in activating heating by the heating device, after having previously recorded the initial temperature T 0 in the tank 2.
  • the heating device comprises an inductor 10.
  • the heating activation begins, preferably, with a phase whose energy is limited so as not to damage the heating element and its environment in the event that the tank 2 is either in lack of water, or very strongly. scaled.
  • a phase whose energy is limited so as not to damage the heating element and its environment in the event that the tank 2 is either in lack of water, or very strongly. scaled.
  • the duration of the test phase is, for example. example, 1 minute.
  • the device automatically stops the time to study the temperature behavior of the tank 2.
  • the heating is preferably carried out at a power of less than 1500 kW. The heating device has thus generated heat in the sleeve 5.
  • a temporal variation in temperature in the tank 2 is determined.
  • the term “temporal variation” is understood to mean the time derivative, ie the ratio of the difference between a temperature measured when the heating is activated and a temperature after a predefined duration, and of the predefined duration.
  • the predefined duration is preferably between 2 and 4 minutes. Nevertheless, shorter durations are possible (it depends on the energy injected, the mass and the geometry of the different elements), until an instantaneous variation is determined, at the temperature data acquisition frequency. .
  • the predefined value D 1 represents an average value of temperature variation between the instant t 0 and the time t 1 , following a given phase having generated an input of heat.
  • the value D 1 advantageously represents a ratio of a temperature difference measured between two times, and more precisely of a thermal limit corresponding to the passage from water to air.
  • the main sleeve 5 heats up quickly and transmits its heat to the secondary sleeve 8 very close, for example located 6 mm from the sleeve 5.
  • the energy supplied is not sufficient to significantly increase the temperature of the water and therefore the change in temperature is low.
  • the sleeve 5 is submerged, not risking damage to the water heater 1.
  • the possible deterioration could concern the heating element but also the enamel of the sleeve 5 and the thermal insulation of the tank 2. In the event that the heating element is changed , the water heater would then operate with reduced performance. One could observe an oxidation, a shrinkage of the enamel as well as a deterioration of the thermal insulation of the tank 2.
  • the time interval between t 1 and t 2 corresponds to a waiting time which is not significant in view of the time required for heating the water in tank 2.
  • the figure 5 shows the case where the tank 2 is filled with water.
  • the entry of water, generally cold, into the tank 2 will cause a significant thermal variation on the sleeve 5 as well as on the secondary sleeve 8 including a temperature probe.
  • a second determination of a temporal variation in temperature is carried out, followed by a second determination of a state of water filling of the tank comprising the determination of a state of filling sufficient to determine a negative temporal variation less than a predefined value D 2 .
  • This value reveals a limit variation reflecting an admission of cold water.
  • the time variation that is to say the time derivative
  • the time variation is noted as being negative, corresponding to a decrease in the temperature inside the tank 2 in the time interval t 2 and t 3 .
  • a heating phase is carried out.
  • a periodic determination of a temporal temperature variation in the tank 2 is first carried out during a predefined time interval, for example between t 3 and t 4 . If the temporal variation measured at this instant is positive less than a predefined value D 3 then the filling state of the tank 2 is considered sufficient, the process of heating the water in the tank 2 continues.
  • This phase is similar to the heating activation phase carried out at the start of the process, from time t 0 .
  • the power can advantageously be increased so as to heat the water in tank 2 more quickly. It is thus possible, for example, to put in low-level test mode heating power and one or more higher values in effective heating mode when the tests are successful.
  • the temporal temperature variation control steps are repeated several times, or even periodically and continuously, during the heating phase so as to check the sufficiency of the water level present in the tank 2. If, during these checks, a positive temporal variation greater than a predefined value is detected, this means that the water filling state of the tank 2 is insufficient, the heating device is then stopped.
  • the method according to the invention therefore makes it possible to detect and prevent possible overheating problems, very frequently caused by insufficient of water filling of the heating body 2.
  • This insufficiency is understood in particular to an empty tank 2 but also of a partially filled tank 2, below a predefined filling rate.
  • the method according to the present invention can advantageously make it possible to detect scaling of the heating element.
  • the heating device automatically stops the time to study the temperature behavior of the tank 2, the heating device having generated heat in the sleeve 5.
  • the heating time may vary and have a duration different from that foreseen during the heating test phase. Consequently, the temperature behavior will be different depending on whether the sleeve 5 is immersed in water (tank 2 full), in air (tank 2 empty) or even whether the sleeve 5 is scaled.
  • the temperature sensor advantageously located in the secondary sheath 8 will determine whether there is a presence of water in the tank 2 or else if there is severe scaling of the heating element. In the event that the heating element is heavily scaled, the main sleeve will not heat up quickly. The energy supplied is not sufficient to significantly increase the temperature of the water and therefore the change in temperature is very low.
  • an alert signal can be triggered in order to warn the user of any scaling of the heating element.
  • the user would have the choice of descaling the device in order to avoid incurring significant replacement or repair costs.
  • an alternative would be to reduce the heating power to protect the heating element and its environment. In a particularly advantageous manner, these various actions can be controlled by a microprocessor.
  • test phases of the invention can be done without high production of heating energy and therefore without risk of material degradation and low consumption of electrical energy.

Description

DOMAINE DE L'INVENTIONFIELD OF THE INVENTION

La présente invention est relative aux appareils de chauffage de l'eau autrement appelés chauffe-eaux. Elle concerne en particulier un procédé de gestion de chauffage d'eau destiné à prévenir d'une éventuelle insuffisance d'eau dans le chauffe-eau.The present invention relates to water heating devices otherwise called water heaters. It relates in particular to a method for managing water heating intended to prevent possible insufficient water in the water heater.

ARRIERE-PLAN TECHNOLOGIQUETECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

Les chauffe-eaux sont des dispositifs permettant de chauffer l'eau pour différents besoins ménagers ou industriels. Il est entendu par chauffe-eau un appareil à accumulation d'eau qui possède au moins une cuve servant de corps de chauffe de stockage d'eau chaude, dite aussi fréquemment ballon. L'eau est admise dans la cuve de stockage où elle est destinée à y être chauffée. En outre, l'invention concerne un chauffe-eau électrique à accumulation d'eau. La capacité d'une telle cuve est plus ou moins importante suivant les besoins auxquels les appareils à accumulation sont dédiés, par exemple en étant associés avec un robinet de lavabo, une douche et/ou une baignoire, etc.Water heaters are devices for heating water for different household or industrial needs. The term “water heater” is understood to mean a water storage device which has at least one tank serving as a hot water storage heating body, also frequently referred to as a balloon. The water is admitted into the storage tank where it is intended to be heated there. Furthermore, the invention relates to an electric water storage water heater. The capacity of such a tank is more or less important according to the needs to which the storage devices are dedicated, for example by being associated with a sink faucet, a shower and / or a bathtub, etc.

De manière connue et tel que décrit dans les documents US2013/0020310A1 et US6265699B1 , un chauffe-eau électrique possède généralement un dispositif de chauffage plongeant dans la cuve servant de corps de chauffe, permettant de chauffer l'eau qu'il contient. L'eau dans la cuve d'un chauffe-eau se stratifie naturellement si elle n'est pas brassée : l'eau chaude au-dessus et l'eau froide en dessous. Ces documents décrivent également un procédé de gestion du chauffage d'eau d'un tel chauffe-eau.In a known manner and as described in the documents US2013 / 0020310A1 and US6265699B1 , an electric water heater generally has a heating device immersed in the tank serving as a heating body, making it possible to heat the water it contains. The water in the tank of a water heater naturally stratifies if it is not stirred: hot water above and cold water below. These documents also describe a method for managing the water heating of such a water heater.

La température de l'eau au sein du corps de chauffe est, de manière connue, contrôlée par un capteur ou une sonde, ladite sonde étant plongée dans la cuve et positionnée de préférence à proximité du dispositif de chauffage de l'eau. La sonde ne peut pas être placée trop près du dispositif de chauffage car dans ce cas, la sonde détecterait la température du dispositif de chauffage et non la température de l'eau à chauffer. L'inconvénient de cette sonde, destinée à mesurer la température de l'eau, est qu'elle n'est pas configurée pour percevoir efficacement et surtout rapidement la surchauffe du dispositif de chauffage ; ledit dispositif risquant de poursuivre la chauffe jusqu'à sa détérioration irrévocable dans le cas où il ne peut pas échanger sa chaleur efficacement avec l'eau. Le problème est d'autant plus manifeste pour des chauffe-eaux comprenant un dispositif de chauffage sous la forme d'une résistance. En effet, les résistances sont connues pour présenter une surface d'échange avec l'eau particulièrement faible, tout en requérant un temps important pour chauffer l'eau. Dès lors, il s'avère particulièrement difficile de détecter, finement et de manière réactive, une surchauffe du dispositif de chauffage. La surchauffe est très souvent détectée trop tard entrainant des dommages irréversibles pour le chauffe-eau et le dispositif de chauffage.The temperature of the water within the heating body is, in a known manner, controlled by a sensor or a probe, said probe being immersed in the tank and preferably positioned near the water heating device. The probe cannot be placed too close to the heater because in this case the probe would detect the temperature of the heater and not the temperature of the water to be heated. The drawback of this probe, intended to measure the temperature of the water, is that it is not configured to efficiently and above all rapidly perceive the overheating of the heating device; said device running the risk of continuing the heating until its irrevocable deterioration in the event that it cannot exchange its heat efficiently with water. The problem is all the more obvious for water heaters comprising a heating device in the form of a resistance. Indeed, the resistors are known to have a particularly low exchange surface with water, while requiring a long time to heat the water. Consequently, it turns out to be particularly difficult to detect, finely and reactively, an overheating of the heating device. Overheating is very often detected too late resulting in irreversible damage to the water heater and the heater.

Ainsi, la surchauffe du dispositif chauffant est un problème majeur et connu, dû à manque d'échange calorifique corps de chauffe, à un manque d'irrigation ou à un entartrage trop prononcé.Thus, the overheating of the heating device is a major and known problem, due to the lack of heat exchange by the heating body, to a lack of irrigation or to excessive scaling.

La présente invention permet de résoudre tout ou, du moins, une partie des inconvénients des techniques actuelles. Un problème à la base de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé de gestion de chauffage évitant la surchauffe du dispositif de chauffage par la détection d'une probable insuffisance en eau dans la cuve du chauffe-eau.The present invention makes it possible to resolve all or at least some of the drawbacks of current techniques. A problem at the basis of the present invention is to provide a heating management method avoiding overheating of the heating device by detecting a probable insufficient water in the tank of the water heater.

RESUME DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Pour atteindre cet objectif, il est prévu selon l'invention un procédé selon la revendication 1. Ce procédé de gestion du chauffage d'eau dans une cuve d'un chauffe-eau qui comporte un dispositif de chauffage électrique de l'eau dans la cuve, comporte, lorsqu'une phase de chauffe de l'eau est commandée: une activation d'une chauffe par le dispositif de chauffage, une détermination d'une variation temporelle de température dans la cuve et une détermination d'au moins un état de remplissage en eau de la cuve fonction de la variation temporelle.To achieve this objective, a method according to claim 1 is provided according to the invention. This method of managing the heating of water in a tank of a water heater which comprises a device for electric heating of the water in the tank, comprises, when a water heating phase is commanded: activation of a heater by the heating device, determination of a temporal variation of temperature in the tank and a determination of at least one state of water filling of the tank as a function of the temporal variation.

Le procédé selon la présente invention prévoit également, de manière préférée, durant la phase de chauffe : une détermination périodique d'une variation temporelle de température dans la cuve durant un intervalle de temps prédéfini, une détermination d'un état de remplissage insuffisant en eau de la cuve lorsqu'est relevée une variation temporelle positive supérieure à une valeur prédéfinie et un arrêt de la chauffe suite à la détermination de l'état de remplissage insuffisant.The method according to the present invention also provides, preferably, during the heating phase: a periodic determination of a temporal variation of temperature in the tank during a predefined time interval, a determination of a state of insufficient water filling of the tank when a positive temporal variation greater than a predefined value is detected and heating is stopped following the determination of the insufficient filling state.

L'invention concerne également un système de chauffage d'eau dans une cuve d'un chauffe-eau, comportant un dispositif de chauffage électrique de l'eau et un dispositif de gestion de chauffe configuré pour commander l'activation et la désactivation du dispositif de chauffage, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de gestion de chauffe comporte au moins un capteur de mesure de température apte à mesurer une température dans la cuve et des moyens agencés pour exécuter le procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes.The invention also relates to a water heating system in a tank of a water heater, comprising an electric water heating device and a heating management device configured to control the activation and deactivation of the device. heater, characterized in that the heating management device comprises at least one temperature measurement sensor capable of measuring a temperature in the tank and means arranged to carry out the method according to one of the preceding claims.

L'effet technique, induit par le procédé et le système de chauffage d'eau d'un chauffe-eau selon l'invention, est de prévenir contre les risques de surchauffe dans un chauffe-eau par la détection d'un niveau insuffisant en eau dans la cuve du chauffe-eau, pouvant causer des dysfonctionnements du chauffe-eau. L'invention propose ainsi un procédé de détection relativement simple à mettre en place et peu coûteux permettant d'éviter, en cas de surchauffe du dispositif de chauffage, des frais de réparation voire de remplacement d'un chauffe-eau, lesquels s'avérant être relativement élevés.
Avantageusement, la détection d'un problème, en particulier d'un remplissage en eau insuffisant, s'opère après un faible échauffement du dispositif si bien qu'aucun risque de dégât matériel n'est pris. De manière particulièrement avantageuse, le procédé selon la présente invention, permettant de détecter une insuffisance en eau dans la cuve, s'effectue au démarrage mais également pendant la durée de chauffe. L'absence en eau dans la cuve peut survenir à n'importe quel moment, il est donc avantageux que la protection soit active en permanence.The technical effect, induced by the method and the water heating system of a water heater according to the invention, is to prevent the risks of overheating in a water heater by the detection of an insufficient level by water in the water heater tank, which may cause the water heater to malfunction. The invention thus proposes a detection method that is relatively simple to set up and inexpensive making it possible to avoid, in the event of overheating of the heating device, the costs of repairing or even replacing a water heater, which proving to be be relatively high.
Advantageously, the detection of a problem, in particular an insufficient filling with water, takes place after a slight heating of the device so that no risk of material damage is taken. In a particularly advantageous manner, the method according to the present invention, making it possible to detect insufficient water in the tank, is carried out at start-up but also during the heating period. The absence of water in the tank can occur at any time, so it is advantageous that the protection is permanently active.

BREVE INTRODUCTION DES FIGURESBRIEF INTRODUCTION OF FIGURES

Les buts, objets, ainsi que les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront mieux de la description détaillée d'un mode de réalisation de cette dernière illustrée par les dessins d'accompagnement suivants, dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 illustre une coupe transversale d'un chauffe-eau. Le chauffe-eau comprend une cuve destinée à recevoir un volume d'eau et un dispositif de chauffage.
  • La figure 2 illustre une coupe transversale du fourreau à l'intérieur duquel se trouve un élément de chauffage.
  • La figure 3 illustre une coupe transversale de l'intérieur du fourreau.
  • La figure 4 est une vue d'un support destiné à être logé à l'intérieur du fourreau.
  • La figure 5 illustre une représentation schématique des différentes étapes du procédé selon l'invention relativement à des variables de temps et de température.
The aims, objects, as well as the characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge better from the detailed description of an embodiment of the latter illustrated by the following accompanying drawings, in which:
  • The figure 1 illustrates a cross section of a water heater. The water heater comprises a tank intended to receive a volume of water and a heating device.
  • The figure 2 illustrates a cross section of the sheath within which there is a heating element.
  • The figure 3 illustrates a cross section of the interior of the sheath.
  • The figure 4 is a view of a support intended to be housed inside the sheath.
  • The figure 5 illustrates a schematic representation of the different steps of the process according to the invention with respect to time and temperature variables.

Les dessins sont donnés à titre d'exemples et ne sont pas limitatifs de l'invention. Ils constituent des représentations schématiques de principe destinées à faciliter la compréhension de l'invention et ne sont pas nécessairement à l'échelle des applications pratiques.The drawings are given by way of example and do not limit the invention. They constitute schematic representations of principle intended to facilitate understanding of the invention and are not necessarily on the scale of practical applications.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEEDETAILED DESCRIPTION

Avant d'entamer une revue détaillée de modes de réalisation de l'invention, sont énoncées ci-après des caractéristiques de l'invention, ainsi que des caractéristiques optionnelles qui peuvent éventuellement être utilisées en association ou alternativement :

  • Selon l'invention, la détermination d'au moins un état de remplissage comprend la détermination d'un état de remplissage insuffisant lorsqu'est relevée une variation temporelle positive supérieure à une valeur prédéfinie.
  • Préférentiellement, une interdiction d'une poursuite ou d'une reprise de la chauffe est effectuée suite à la détermination de l'état de remplissage insuffisant.
  • Avantageusement, l'interdiction est maintenue jusqu'à la détermination d'un état de remplissage suffisant.
  • De manière particulièrement avantageuse, durant l'interdiction, on effectue une deuxième détermination d'une variation temporelle de température, on effectue une deuxième détermination d'un état de remplissage en eau de la cuve comprenant la détermination d'un état de remplissage suffisant lorsqu'est relevée une variation temporelle négative inférieure à une valeur prédéfinie.
  • Selon l'invention, la détermination d'au moins un état de remplissage comprend la détermination d'un état de remplissage suffisant lorsqu'est relevée une variation temporelle positive inférieure à une valeur prédéfinie.
  • Selon l'invention, on effectue la phase de chauffe commandée à détermination de l'état de remplissage suffisant.
  • De manière particulièrement avantageuse, la détermination d'au moins un état de remplissage comprend la détermination d'un état d'entartrage lorsqu'est relevée une variation temporelle positive et d'au moins 10% inférieure à la valeur prédéfinie (D1) et de préférence d'au moins 25% inférieure.
  • Selon l'invention, durant la phase de chauffe, on effectue une détermination périodique d'une variation temporelle de température dans la cuve durant un intervalle de temps prédéfini, une détermination d'un état de remplissage insuffisant en eau de la cuve à détermination d'une variation temporelle positive supérieure à une valeur prédéfinie, un arrêt de la chauffe suite à la détermination de l'état de remplissage insuffisant.
  • Préférentiellement, la détermination d'une variation temporelle est opérée par calcul du rapport de la différence entre une température mesurée à l'activation de la chauffe et une température après une durée prédéfinie, et de la durée prédéfinie.
  • La durée prédéfinie est de préférence comprise entre 2 et 4 minutes.
  • Préférentiellement, la chauffe est opérée à une puissance inférieure à 1500 kW. Ces valeurs varient suivant les caractéristiques de la cuve, notamment son volume.
  • Avantageusement, la chauffe est stoppée avant la détermination d'au moins un état de remplissage.
  • De manière particulièrement avantageuse, on utilise un dispositif de chauffage comportant au moins un inducteur et au moins une charge, l'inducteur étant configuré pour produire un courant induit dans la charge. Cette technique est transposable à d'autres systèmes de chauffe notamment résistifs. L'avantage du système à induction est d'une part, la facilité de commande de la puissance, d'autre part, la présence de capteurs de température électroniques associés à un système de traitement performant (microcontrôleur) permettant de réaliser avec précision des séquences de chauffe et de mesures de température durant ces chauffes.
  • Préférentiellement, le dispositif de chauffage comporte au moins un inducteur et au moins une charge, l'inducteur étant configuré pour produire un courant induit dans la charge.
  • Le chauffe-eau comporte une cuve apte à recevoir de l'eau et un système selon l'invention.
  • Avantageusement, la cuve est délimitée par une enveloppe périphérique et la paroi d'un fourreau située dans le volume intérieur de l'enveloppe périphérique, le dispositif de chauffage étant au moins en partie plongeant dans le fourreau.
  • Préférentiellement, la charge est formée au moins en partie par la paroi du fourreau étanche et l'inducteur est logé dans le fourreau.
Before starting a detailed review of embodiments of the invention, the following are characteristics of the invention, as well as optional characteristics which can optionally be used in combination or alternatively:
  • According to the invention, the determination of at least one state of filling comprises the determination of an insufficient state of filling when a positive temporal variation greater than a predefined value is detected.
  • Preferably, a continuation or resumption of heating is prohibited following the determination of the insufficient filling state.
  • Advantageously, the prohibition is maintained until a sufficient state of filling is determined.
  • In a particularly advantageous manner, during the prohibition, a second determination of a temporal variation in temperature is carried out, a second determination of a state of filling with water of the tank comprising the determination of a sufficient state of filling when a negative temporal variation less than a predefined value is noted.
  • According to the invention, the determination of at least one state of filling comprises the determination of a sufficient state of filling when a positive temporal variation less than a predefined value is recorded.
  • According to the invention, the controlled heating phase is carried out to determine the sufficient state of filling.
  • Particularly advantageously, the determination of at least one filling state comprises the determination of a scaling state when a positive temporal variation is detected and at least 10% less than the predefined value (D1) and of preferably at least 25% lower.
  • According to the invention, during the heating phase, a periodic determination of a temporal variation in temperature in the tank during a predefined time interval is carried out, a determination of a state of insufficient water filling of the tank to determine d 'a positive temporal variation greater than a predefined value, a stopping of the heating following the determination of the insufficient filling state.
  • Preferably, the determination of a temporal variation is carried out by calculating the ratio of the difference between a temperature measured when the heater is activated and a temperature after a predefined duration, and of the predefined duration.
  • The predefined duration is preferably between 2 and 4 minutes.
  • Preferably, the heating is carried out at a power of less than 1500 kW. These values vary according to the characteristics of the tank, in particular its volume.
  • Advantageously, the heating is stopped before the determination of at least one state of filling.
  • In a particularly advantageous manner, use is made of a heating device comprising at least one inductor and at least one load, the inductor being configured to produce an induced current in the load. This technique can be transposed to other heating systems, in particular resistive. The advantage of the induction system is on the one hand, the ease of controlling the power, on the other hand, the presence of electronic temperature sensors associated with a high-performance processing system (microcontroller) making it possible to perform sequences with precision. heating and temperature measurements during these heatings.
  • Preferably, the heating device comprises at least one inductor and at least one load, the inductor being configured to produce a current induced in the load.
  • The water heater comprises a tank suitable for receiving water and a system according to the invention.
  • Advantageously, the tank is delimited by a peripheral envelope and the wall of a sleeve located in the internal volume of the peripheral envelope, the heating device being at least partly immersed in the sleeve.
  • Preferably, the load is formed at least in part by the wall of the sealed sheath and the inductor is housed in the sheath.

Les figures 1 à 4 décrivent un exemple de chauffe-eau comportant un dispositif de chauffage électrique de l'eau et un dispositif de gestion de chauffe configuré pour commander l'activation, le contrôle et la désactivation du dispositif de chauffage, permettant d'exécuter le procédé selon l'invention.The figures 1 to 4 describe an example of a water heater comprising an electric water heater and a heater management device configured to control the activation, control and deactivation of the heater, making it possible to carry out the method according to the invention.

La figure 1 illustre une coupe transversale d'un chauffe-eau 1. Le chauffe-eau 1 comprend une cuve 2 destinée à recevoir un volume d'eau et un dispositif de chauffage. La cuve 2 a, par exemple, une contenance supérieure à 10 litres, de préférence, supérieure à 20 litres. La cuve 2 est délimitée d'une part par une enveloppe périphérique 3 et d'autre part par la paroi 4 d'un fourreau 5 étanche plongeant dans le volume intérieur de l'enveloppe périphérique 3. La cuve comporte une ouverture 7, de préférence sous la forme d'une trappe, permettant d'insérer l'élément chauffant, cet élément chauffant pouvant être inséré dans un fourreau pouvant lui-même être inséré au travers de l'ouverture 7. La cuve 2 comprend à l'une de ses extrémités longitudinales deux embouchures : une embouchure 6a d'arrivée d'eau destinée à être chauffée et une embouchure 6b de sortie d'eau chauffée.The figure 1 illustrates a cross section of a water heater 1. The water heater 1 comprises a tank 2 intended to receive a volume of water and a heating device. The tank 2 has, for example, a capacity greater than 10 liters, preferably greater than 20 liters. The tank 2 is delimited on the one hand by a peripheral casing 3 and on the other hand by the wall 4 of a sealed sheath 5 plunging into the internal volume of the peripheral casing 3. The tank has an opening 7, preferably in the form of a hatch, making it possible to insert the heating element, this heating element being able to be inserted into a sleeve which can itself be inserted through the opening 7. The tank 2 comprises at one of its two longitudinal ends: a mouth 6a for water inlet intended to be heated and a mouth 6b for heated water outlet.

Le dispositif de chauffage comprend au moins un inducteur 10 logé dans le fourreau 5 et au moins une charge formée par au moins une partie de la paroi 4 du fourreau 5. L'inducteur 10 est avantageusement, indirectement, générateur de chaleur. Le principe du chauffage par induction possède de nombreux avantages. L'induction nécessite un champ magnétique générant un courant induit dans une pièce électriquement conductrice appelée la charge et, donc, crée un échauffement dans cette charge. L'inducteur 10 peut avantageusement être positionné sur un support 9. De manière particulièrement avantageuse, le support 9 simplifie la phase de bobinage, en cela qu'il sert à la fois à la réalisation de l'inducteur 10 et également à son maintien dans le chauffe-eau 1. Ceci permet d'éviter des phases longues et coûteuses de solidification du bobinage inducteur de façon à assurer sa cohésion mécanique (c'est-à-dire par exemple la thermo-adhérence). Le support 9 est monté fixement dans le fourreau 5. De préférence, le support 9 est fixé relativement au fourreau 5 par une seule de ses extrémités située du côté de l'ouverture 7 ; ladite ouverture 7 étant située au travers de l'enveloppe périphérique 3 du chauffe-eau 1, à une des extrémités longitudinales du chauffe-eau 1.The heating device comprises at least one inductor 10 housed in the sleeve 5 and at least one load formed by at least part of the wall 4 of the sleeve 5. The inductor 10 is advantageously, indirectly, a heat generator. The principle of induction heating has many advantages. Induction requires a magnetic field generating an induced current in an electrically conductive part called the load and, therefore, creates heating in this load. The inductor 10 can advantageously be positioned on a support 9. In a particularly advantageous manner, the support 9 simplifies the winding phase, in that it serves both to produce the inductor 10 and also to hold it in. the water heater 1. This makes it possible to avoid long and costly phases of solidification of the field coil so as to ensure its mechanical cohesion (that is to say, for example, thermal adhesion). The support 9 is fixedly mounted in the sleeve 5. Preferably, the support 9 is fixed relative to the sleeve 5 by only one of its ends located on the side of the opening 7; said opening 7 being located through the peripheral casing 3 of the water heater 1, at one of the longitudinal ends of the water heater 1.

Préférentiellement, la cuve 2 et/ou le fourreau 5 et/ou l'inducteur 10 présentent des formes cylindriques. Selon un autre mode de configuration, le fourreau 5 et l'inducteur 10 présentent des formes parallélépipèdes rectangles. Dans ce dernier cas, la cuve 2 prend, de manière particulièrement avantageuse, une forme parallélépipède rectangle de sorte à offrir un gain de place en utilisation.Preferably, the tank 2 and / or the sleeve 5 and / or the inductor 10 have cylindrical shapes. According to another mode of configuration, the sleeve 5 and the inductor 10 have rectangular parallelepiped shapes. In the latter case, the tank 2 takes, in a particularly advantageous manner, a rectangular parallelepiped shape so as to save space in use.

Le chauffe-eau comprend également un dispositif de gestion de chauffe comprenant au moins un fourreau secondaire 8 de chaleur destiné à contrôler la température à l'intérieur de la cuve 2. Le fourreau secondaire 8 peut se présenter sous la forme d'un tube. Ce fourreau secondaire 8 est préférentiellement un fourreau de petit diamètre permettant de recevoir un capteur de température qui est, par exemple, une sonde de température de type CTN (Coefficient de Température Négatif), la sonde CTN étant une thermistance dont la résistance diminue de façon uniforme avec la température. Il convient de s'assurer que le contact thermique entre le fourreau secondaire 8 et la sonde de température placée en son sein est correct. Le fourreau secondaire 8 s'étend suivant la direction longitudinale du fourreau 5. Le fourreau secondaire 8 est situé à proximité de la paroi 4 externe du fourreau 5 et, par exemple, à moins de 2 centimètres.The water heater also comprises a heating management device comprising at least one secondary heat sleeve 8 intended to control the temperature inside the tank 2. The secondary sleeve 8 may be in the form of a tube. This secondary sheath 8 is preferably a small diameter sheath making it possible to receive a temperature sensor which is, for example, a temperature probe of the CTN (Negative Temperature Coefficient) type, the CTN probe being a thermistor whose resistance decreases in such a manner. uniform with temperature. It should be ensured that the thermal contact between the secondary sheath 8 and the temperature probe placed within it is correct. The secondary sleeve 8 extends in the longitudinal direction of the sleeve 5. The secondary sleeve 8 is located near the outer wall 4 of the sleeve 5 and, for example, less than 2 centimeters.

La figure 2 illustre une coupe transversale du fourreau 5. La paroi 4 du fourreau 5 est étanche de sorte à éviter l'entrée d'eau dans le dispositif de chauffage. La paroi 4 du fourreau 5 est avantageusement formée d'une tôle d'acier d'épaisseur, par exemple, comprise entre 0.4 millimètre (mm) et 2.3 millimètres. Avantageusement, le fourreau 5 est émaillé tout comme l'intérieur de la cuve 2 ; l'émail accrochant mieux sur de l'acier décarburé. L'acier décarburé est très magnétique et donc s'avère être une très bonne charge pour un système de chauffe par induction. Il convient de rappeler que la puissance de chauffe se dissipe dans une épaisseur d'environ 0.4 mm (fréquence d'induction de 20 kHz) au regard du système inducteur et donc qu'il est nécessaire que l'épaisseur du fourreau soit d'au moins d'une épaisseur de 0.4 mm. Le fourreau 5 comporte une ouverture d'accès à l'une de ses extrémités, le support 9 étant inséré dans le fourreau 5 par ladite extrémité.The figure 2 illustrates a cross section of the sleeve 5. The wall 4 of the sleeve 5 is sealed so as to prevent water from entering the heating device. The wall 4 of the sleeve 5 is advantageously formed from a steel sheet with a thickness, for example, between 0.4 millimeter (mm) and 2.3 millimeters. Advantageously, the sheath 5 is enameled just like the interior of the tank 2; enamel hangs better on decarbonized steel. Decarburized steel is very magnetic and therefore proves to be a very good load for an induction heating system. It should be remembered that the heating power dissipates in a thickness of about 0.4 mm (induction frequency of 20 kHz) with regard to the inductor system and therefore that it is necessary that the thickness of the sheath be at less than a thickness of 0.4 mm. The sleeve 5 has an access opening at one of its ends, the support 9 being inserted into the sleeve 5 by said end.

Le fourreau secondaire 8 est préférentiellement fixé par une de ses extrémités longitudinales sur une première face d'une platine 12 d'avant d'être inséré dans la cuve 2. Le fourreau secondaire 8 est un tube soudé sur la même platine que le fourreau 5 et est émaillé comme ledit fourreau 5. La platine 12 a ici la forme d'un disque. La platine 12 est fixée sur la paroi externe de la cuve 2 par l'intermédiaire d'un joint d'étanchéité. Avantageusement le fourreau 5 comprend une base 11 fixée à l'une de ses extrémités longitudinales. La base 11 est de préférence de la forme d'un disque ou d'un carré. De manière particulièrement avantageuse, le dispositif de chauffage à l'intérieur du fourreau 5 peut être retiré du chauffe-eau par un simple retrait des moyens de fixation. A titre exceptionnel, le dispositif de chauffage peut être contrôlé, vérifié, voire changé sans ouvrir donc sans avoir à vidanger la cuve 2.The secondary sleeve 8 is preferably fixed by one of its longitudinal ends on a first face of a plate 12 before being inserted into the tank 2. The secondary sleeve 8 is a tube welded to the same plate as the sleeve 5. and is enameled like said sheath 5. The plate 12 here has the shape of a disc. The plate 12 is fixed to the outer wall of the tank 2 by means of a seal. Advantageously, the sheath 5 comprises a base 11 fixed to one of its longitudinal ends. The base 11 is preferably in the form of a disc or a square. In a particularly advantageous manner, the heating device inside the sleeve 5 can be removed from the water heater by simply removing the fixing means. Exceptionally, the heating device can be checked, checked, or even changed without opening, therefore without having to empty tank 2.

Le support 9 sert de support de bobinage 22. Pour « bobiner », on insère le fil 21 de bobinage 22 à l'intérieur du support 9 et l'on vient le sertir vers l'extrémité de la base 11. On tend alors le fil 21 et on le fait passer par un créneau de la surface d'appui 13 située à une des extrémités du support 9. Le support 9 peut alors être fixé sur la bobineuse (semblable à un tour) et le fil 21 de bobinage 22 qui est passé par le créneau de la surface d'appui 13 du support 9 se trouve alors immédiatement à la bonne place pour commencer le bobinage. A la fin du bobinage, le fil est coupé et passé au travers des fentes 19 ou encoches de maintien jusqu'à atteindre la surface d'appui 14 située à l'autre extrémité du support 9. Avantageusement, le support 9 comprend plusieurs fentes 19 car il est prévu différentes versions d'inducteurs suivant la puissance demandée. Les encoches ou fentes 19 servent à coincer le fil 21 de bobinage 22 qui est repassé au centre du support 9 pour rejoindre le fil 21 de départ mais diamétralement opposé. Les deux fils 21 sont connectés sur leurs connecteurs respectifs solidaires de la base 11.The support 9 serves as a winding support 22. To “wind”, the winding wire 21 22 is inserted inside the support 9 and it is crimped towards the end of the base 11. The cable is then stretched. wire 21 and it is passed through a slot of the support surface 13 located at one end of the support 9. The support 9 can then be fixed on the winder (similar to a turn) and the winding wire 21 22 which passed through the slot of the bearing surface 13 of the support 9 is then immediately in the right place to start the winding. At the end of the winding, the wire is cut and passed through the slots 19 or holding notches until it reaches the bearing surface 14 located at the other end of the support 9. Advantageously, the support 9 comprises several slots 19. because different versions of inductors are provided depending on the power required. The notches or slots 19 serve to clamp the winding wire 21 22 which is passed through the center of the support 9 to join the starting wire 21 but diametrically opposed. The two wires 21 are connected to their respective connectors secured to the base 11.

La figure 3 illustre une coupe transversale de l'intérieur du fourreau 5 et du fourreau secondaire 8. L'inducteur 10 comporte un bobinage 22 formé sur le support 9. Le support 9 comporte une surface externe latérale pourvue d'une portion de bobinage 22 et d'une portion de calage 13. La portion de bobinage 22 est en retrait relativement à la portion de calage 13. La portion de calage comprend une surface d'appui 13 sur la paroi interne du fourreau 5. La surface d'appui 13 comporte deux portions situées de part et d'autre de la portion de bobinage 22 suivant une direction longitudinale du fourreau 5. Le retrait 17 de la portion de bobinage 22 relativement à la portion de calage 13 est supérieur à l'épaisseur du bobinage 22. L'espace 16 séparant le bobinage 22 et la face interne de la paroi 4 du fourreau 5 est, de préférence, inférieur à 5 millimètres et, avantageusement, inférieure à 1 millimètre. De manière surprenante, il est en effet avantageux que le bobinage 22 de l'inducteur 10 soit placé à proximité du fourreau 5. Cela favorise une concentration de l'échauffement sur une portion seulement de l'épaisseur du fourreau 5. Il convient de noter que, de manière surprenante, l'homme de métier a tendance à éloigner les bobinages de type inducteur des éléments chauffés. En effet, comme leur nom l'indique, les éléments chauffés chauffent et ont tendance à provoquer l'échauffement des systèmes inducteurs s'ils sont placés trop près. Or, les bobinages inducteurs sont en général isolés par des vernis organiques dont les plus performants ne supportent pas des températures supérieures à 220°C. Dans la présente invention, on vient avantageusement chauffer la paroi 4 interne (d'une épaisseur par exemple de 0.4 mm) du fourreau 5 qui s'échauffe. Or, le fourreau 5 est plongé dans l'eau avec qui il échange sa chaleur. Pendant la phase de chauffe, la température du fourreau 5 est donc toujours supérieure à la température de l'eau pour que l'échange se fasse, mais la différence de température reste faible, par exemple 30°C pour une puissance injectée de 1800 Watts (W). De ce fait, si la température maximum de l'eau à chauffer est 65°C, le fourreau 5 atteint au maximum 95°C et le fourreau 5 peut alors être considéré comme une zone froide pour le bobinage 22 inducteur. Il est alors avantageux de rapprocher le bobinage 22 inducteur du fourreau 5 de façon à le refroidir. Ce rapprochement est également avantageux pour sa construction car on augmente alors le couplage à la charge et donc le système inducteur a besoin de moins d'ampères tours pour fonctionner correctement avec son onduleur associé, ce qui augmente le rendement de l'ensemble et diminue ainsi le coût. A noter enfin qu'il peut être nécessaire d'interposer un isolant électrique supplémentaire autour du bobinage 22 dans le cas où la distance, entre le bobinage 22 et le fourreau 5 relié à la terre, devient faible.The figure 3 illustrates a cross section of the interior of the sleeve 5 and of the secondary sleeve 8. The inductor 10 comprises a coil 22 formed on the support 9. The support 9 comprises a lateral outer surface provided with a winding portion 22 and a wedging portion 13. The winding portion 22 is set back relative to the wedging portion 13. The wedging portion comprises a bearing surface 13 on the internal wall of the sleeve 5. The bearing surface 13 comprises two portions located on either side of the winding portion 22 in a longitudinal direction of the sleeve 5. The recess 17 of the winding portion 22 relative to the wedging portion 13 is greater than the thickness of the winding 22. The space 16 separating the coil 22 and the internal face of the wall 4 of the sleeve 5 is preferably less than 5 millimeters and, advantageously, less than 1 millimeter. Surprisingly, it is in fact advantageous for the coil 22 of the inductor 10 to be placed near the sheath 5. This promotes a concentration of the heating on a portion. only the thickness of the sheath 5. It should be noted that, surprisingly, those skilled in the art tend to move the inductor type coils away from the heated elements. This is because, as the name suggests, the heated elements heat up and tend to cause the inductor systems to heat up if they are placed too close. However, the inductor windings are generally insulated by organic varnishes, the most efficient of which do not withstand temperatures above 220 ° C. In the present invention, the internal wall 4 (with a thickness for example of 0.4 mm) of the sleeve 5 is advantageously heated, which heats up. However, the sheath 5 is immersed in water with which it exchanges its heat. During the heating phase, the temperature of the sleeve 5 is therefore always higher than the temperature of the water for the exchange to take place, but the temperature difference remains low, for example 30 ° C for an injected power of 1800 Watts. (W). Therefore, if the maximum temperature of the water to be heated is 65 ° C, the sleeve 5 reaches a maximum of 95 ° C and the sleeve 5 can then be considered as a cold zone for the coil 22 inductor. It is then advantageous to bring the inductor coil 22 closer to the sleeve 5 so as to cool it. This approximation is also advantageous for its construction because the coupling to the load is then increased and therefore the inductor system needs fewer ampere turns to operate correctly with its associated inverter, which increases the efficiency of the assembly and thus decreases. the cost. Finally, it should be noted that it may be necessary to interpose an additional electrical insulator around the coil 22 in the event that the distance between the coil 22 and the sheath 5 connected to earth becomes small.

La surface d'appui 13 et la face interne du fourreau 5 sont agencées en ajustement glissant. De manière particulièrement avantageuse, lors de l'insertion du support 9 dans le fourreau 5 et en utilisation, la surface d'appui 13 évite au bobinage 22 de venir en contact avec la face interne de la paroi 4 du fourreau 5. Avantageusement, le diamètre de la surface d'appui 13, 14, supérieur au diamètre de la portion de bobinage 22, permet, d'une part, de protéger le bobinage 22 et, d'autre part, de contrôler le jeu d'insertion du support 9 comprenant le bobinage 22 dans le fourreau 5.The bearing surface 13 and the internal face of the sleeve 5 are arranged in a sliding fit. Particularly advantageously, during the insertion of the support 9 into the sleeve 5 and in use, the bearing surface 13 prevents the coil 22 from coming into contact with the internal face of the wall 4 of the sleeve 5. Advantageously, the diameter of the bearing surface 13, 14, greater than the diameter of the winding portion 22, makes it possible, on the one hand, to protect the winding 22 and, on the other hand, to control the insertion play of the support 9 comprising the coil 22 in the sleeve 5.

La figure 4 illustre une vue du support 9. Le support 9 se présente préférentiellement sous la forme d'un tube creux. De manière particulièrement avantageuse, le support 9 est configuré de sorte à coopérer avec la forme de la paroi 4 interne du fourreau 5. Une première extrémité longitudinale du support 9 comprend une première portion de calage comportant une base 11, une surface d'appui 13, 14 et au moins une fente 19, de retenue de fil 21 de bobinage 22. Une deuxième extrémité longitudinale du support 9, opposée à la première, comprend une surface d'appui 13, 14 et au moins une fente 19 de retenue de fil 21 de bobinage 22. La surface d'appui 13, 14 comporte, de manière particulièrement avantageuse, une pluralité de sommets de créneaux formés sur une portion annulaire de la portion de calage. Préférentiellement, les créneaux permettent un équilibre du support 9 au sein du fourreau 5. Ils limitent aussi les phénomènes d'hyperstatisme lors de l'insertion. Les créneaux permettent avantageusement une simplification du bobinage 22. Selon un mode de configuration où le fourreau 5 est de forme parallélépipède rectangle, on utilisera de préférence un bobinage 22 d'inducteur de type Pan Cake, sans recourir à l'utilisation d'un support 9.The figure 4 illustrates a view of the support 9. The support 9 is preferably in the form of a hollow tube. Particularly advantageously, the support 9 is configured so as to cooperate with the shape of the internal wall 4 of the sheath 5. A first longitudinal end of the support 9 comprises a first wedging portion comprising a base 11, a bearing surface 13 , 14 and at least one slot 19 for retaining the winding wire 21 22. A second longitudinal end of the support 9, opposite the first, comprises a bearing surface 13, 14 and at least one slot 19 for retaining the winding wire 21 22. The bearing surface 13, 14 comprises, in a particularly advantageous manner, a plurality of crenellated peaks formed on an annular portion of the wedging portion. Preferably, the crenellations allow a balance of the support 9 within the sheath 5. They also limit the phenomena of hyperstatism during insertion. The crenellations advantageously allow a simplification of the coil 22. According to a configuration mode where the sleeve 5 is of rectangular parallelepiped shape, an inductor coil 22 of the Pan Cake type will preferably be used, without resorting to the use of a support. 9.

Avantageusement, la paroi du support 9 est ajourée de sorte à favoriser un transfert de chaleur au sein du fourreau 5, minimiser le poids du support 9 et donc son coût. A titre préféré, le support 9 est formé de matériaux résistants aux hautes températures tels que les matières plastiques (par exemple, BMC « Bulk Molding Compound » comprenant de la résine Polyester ou le Vinylester) renforcées par des fibres de verre. En position, le support 9 s'étend suivant la direction longitudinale du fourreau 5. Le support 9 est avantageusement creux et son centre peut autoriser le passage du fil 21 de bobinage 22.Advantageously, the wall of the support 9 is perforated so as to promote heat transfer within the sleeve 5, to minimize the weight of the support 9 and therefore its cost. Preferably, the support 9 is formed of materials resistant to high temperatures such as plastics (for example, BMC “Bulk Molding Compound” comprising Polyester resin or the Vinylester) reinforced with glass fibers. In position, the support 9 extends in the longitudinal direction of the sheath 5. The support 9 is advantageously hollow and its center can allow the passage of the winding wire 21 22.

La figure 5 illustre une représentation schématique des différentes étapes du procédé selon l'invention relativement à des variables de temps t et de température T. Les diverses phases présentées ne sont que des exemples de situations pouvant se produire. En outre, les variations de température sont illustrées comme étant linéaires, mais uniquement pour simplifier la représentation du principe de l'invention, ces variations pouvant avoir d'autres formes de courbes. Le dispositif de gestion de chauffe comporte au moins un fourreau secondaire 8 de mesure de température apte à mesurer une température dans la cuve 2 et des moyens agencés pour exécuter le procédé. Le fourreau secondaire 8 est avantageusement équipé d'une sonde de température. Cette sonde est de préférence rentrée en butée dans le fourreau secondaire 8. Les données mesurées par le capteur sont, avantageusement, transmises à des moyens agencés pour exécuter le procédé de l'invention. Préférentiellement, ces moyens comportent un microprocesseur ou un microcontrôleur, et sont aptes à récupérer les données, les analyser puis ensuite transmettre une information de commande, par exemple, d'arrêt ou de poursuite de chauffe au dispositif de chauffage du chauffe-eau. Ces moyens peuvent comprendre tout composant électronique tel que des systèmes automates, des mémoires, des interfaces de réception et d'acquisition de données, par exemple de température, et de commande, ainsi que des instructions exécutables par au moins un processeur pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé ici présenté.The figure 5 illustrates a schematic representation of the various steps of the process according to the invention with respect to time t and temperature variables T. The various phases presented are only examples of situations that may occur. Furthermore, the temperature variations are illustrated as being linear, but only to simplify the representation of the principle of the invention, these variations being able to have other forms of curves. The heating management device comprises at least one secondary temperature measuring sleeve 8 capable of measuring a temperature in the tank 2 and means arranged to carry out the method. The secondary sheath 8 is advantageously equipped with a temperature probe. This probe is preferably brought into abutment in the secondary sheath 8. The data measured by the sensor are advantageously transmitted to means arranged to carry out the method of the invention. Preferably, these means comprise a microprocessor or a microcontroller, and are capable of recovering the data, analyzing them and then transmitting control information, for example stopping or continuing heating to the heating device of the water heater. These means can include any electronic component such as PLC systems, memories, interfaces for receiving and acquiring data, for example temperature, and control, as well as instructions that can be executed by at least one processor to implement the method presented here.

Lorsqu'une phase de chauffe de l'eau est commandée, une première étape à un temps t0, consiste en une activation d'une chauffe par le dispositif de chauffage, après avoir préalablement relevé la température initiale T0 dans la cuve 2. A titre préféré, le dispositif de chauffage comprend un inducteur 10.When a water heating phase is commanded, a first step at a time t 0 , consists in activating heating by the heating device, after having previously recorded the initial temperature T 0 in the tank 2. Preferably, the heating device comprises an inductor 10.

L'activation de chauffe débute, de préférence, par une phase dont l'énergie est limitée de façon à ne pas endommager l'élément chauffant et son environnement dans le cas où la cuve 2 serait soit en manque d'eau, soit très fortement entartrée. De manière particulièrement avantageuse, si la cuve 2 est vide, l'activation de chauffe ne met pas en surchauffe destructrice, ni le système de chauffe, ni le fourreau 5, ni la cuve 2. La durée de la phase de test est, par exemple, de 1 minute. A l'issue de cette phase, le dispositif s'arrête automatiquement le temps d'étudier le comportement en température de la cuve 2. Pour une durée de 1 minute, la chauffe est préférentiellement opérée à une puissance inférieure à 1500 kW. Le dispositif de chauffage a ainsi généré de la chaleur dans le fourreau 5. Dès lors, le comportement va être différent suivant que le fourreau 5 est plongé dans l'eau (cuve 2 pleine) ou dans l'air (cuve 2 vide). Le capteur de température étant situé dans le fourreau secondaire 8 à proximité du fourreau 5, la température que le capteur va lire dépendra de l'interface entre le fourreau secondaire 8 et le fourreau 5, et va ainsi déterminer s'il y a ou non présence d'eau dans la cuve 2. Au bout d'un temps t1 prédéfini, par exemple de 3 minutes, une variation temporelle de température dans la cuve 2 est déterminée. On entend par variation temporelle, la dérivée temporelle, soit le rapport de la différence entre une température mesurée à l'activation de la chauffe et une température après une durée prédéfinie, et de la durée prédéfinie. La durée prédéfinie est préférentiellement comprise entre 2 et 4 minutes. Néanmoins, des durées plus courtes sont possibles (cela dépend de l'énergie injectée, de la masse et de la géométrie des différents éléments), jusqu'à une détermination d'une variation instantanée, à la fréquence d'acquisition des données de température.The heating activation begins, preferably, with a phase whose energy is limited so as not to damage the heating element and its environment in the event that the tank 2 is either in lack of water, or very strongly. scaled. In a particularly advantageous manner, if the tank 2 is empty, the heating activation does not put into destructive overheating, neither the heating system, nor the sleeve 5, nor the tank 2. The duration of the test phase is, for example. example, 1 minute. At the end of this phase, the device automatically stops the time to study the temperature behavior of the tank 2. For a period of 1 minute, the heating is preferably carried out at a power of less than 1500 kW. The heating device has thus generated heat in the sleeve 5. Consequently, the behavior will be different depending on whether the sleeve 5 is immersed in water (tank 2 full) or in air (tank 2 empty). The temperature sensor being located in the secondary sleeve 8 near the sleeve 5, the temperature that the sensor will read will depend on the interface between the secondary sleeve 8 and the sleeve 5, and will thus determine whether or not there is presence of water in the tank 2. After a predefined time t 1 , for example 3 minutes, a temporal variation in temperature in the tank 2 is determined. The term “temporal variation” is understood to mean the time derivative, ie the ratio of the difference between a temperature measured when the heating is activated and a temperature after a predefined duration, and of the predefined duration. The predefined duration is preferably between 2 and 4 minutes. Nevertheless, shorter durations are possible (it depends on the energy injected, the mass and the geometry of the different elements), until an instantaneous variation is determined, at the temperature data acquisition frequency. .

Il s'ensuit, à l'issue de cette détermination de variation temporelle de température dans la cuve 2, une détermination à l'instant t1, d'un état de remplissage en eau de la cuve 2 en fonction de la variation temporelle ; l'objectif étant de déterminer en fonction de la variation temporelle, l'état de remplissage en eau de la cuve 2.It follows, at the end of this determination of the temporal variation of temperature in the tank 2, a determination at the instant t 1 , of a state of filling with water of the tank 2 as a function of the temporal variation; the objective being to determine, as a function of the temporal variation, the state of water filling of tank 2.

La valeur prédéfinie D1 représente une valeur moyenne de variation de température entre l'instant t0 et le temps t1, suite à une phase donnée ayant générée un apport de chaleur. La valeur D1 représente avantageusement un rapport d'une différence de température mesurée entre deux temps, et plus précisément d'une limite thermique correspondant au passage de l'eau à l'air. Dans le cas où il n'y a pas d'eau dans le chauffe-eau 1, le fourreau 5 principal s'échauffe rapidement et transmet sa chaleur au fourreau secondaire 8 très proche, par exemple situé à 6 mm du fourreau 5. Dans le cas où le fourreau 5 principal est immergé dans l'eau, l'énergie apportée n'est pas suffisante pour augmenter significativement la température de l'eau et donc l'évolution de température est faible.The predefined value D 1 represents an average value of temperature variation between the instant t 0 and the time t 1 , following a given phase having generated an input of heat. The value D 1 advantageously represents a ratio of a temperature difference measured between two times, and more precisely of a thermal limit corresponding to the passage from water to air. In the case where there is no water in the water heater 1, the main sleeve 5 heats up quickly and transmits its heat to the secondary sleeve 8 very close, for example located 6 mm from the sleeve 5. In the case where the main sheath 5 is immersed in water, the energy supplied is not sufficient to significantly increase the temperature of the water and therefore the change in temperature is low.

Si la variation temporelle mesurée dans la cuve 2 et relevée à l'instant t1 est positive inférieure à la valeur prédéfinie D1, alors cela signifie que le fourreau 5 est immergé, ne risquant pas d'endommager le chauffe-eau 1. Ceci étant, s'il y a de l'eau, en général, le chauffe-eau 1 est plein. Le cas du manque d'eau est constaté principalement lors de l'installation ou de la remise en fonctionnement du chauffe-eau 1 dans des résidences secondaires, par exemple. Il convient de rappeler qu'il est nécessaire de purger l'installation afin de vider un chauffe-eau 1. Dans ce cas, le dispositif de chauffage peut, de manière avantageuse, poursuivre la chauffe de l'eau en toute sécurité, sans crainte de surchauffe et/ou de détérioration du chauffe-eau 1. Les détériorations possibles pourraient concerner l'élément chauffant mais aussi l'émail du fourreau 5 et l'isolation thermique de la cuve 2. Dans le cas où l'élément chauffant serait changé, le chauffe-eau fonctionnerait alors avec des performances réduites. On pourrait observer une oxydation, un retrait de l'émail ainsi qu'une détérioration de l'isolation thermique de la cuve 2.If the temporal variation measured in the tank 2 and recorded at the instant t 1 is positive less than the predefined value D 1 , then this means that the sleeve 5 is submerged, not risking damage to the water heater 1. This being, if there is water, in general, the water heater 1 is full. The case of lack of water is observed mainly during the installation or restarting of the water heater 1 in second homes, for example. It should be remembered that it is necessary to purge the installation in order to empty a water heater 1. In this case, the heater can advantageously continue heating the water in complete safety, without fear. of overheating and / or deterioration of the water heater 1. The possible deterioration could concern the heating element but also the enamel of the sleeve 5 and the thermal insulation of the tank 2. In the event that the heating element is changed , the water heater would then operate with reduced performance. One could observe an oxidation, a shrinkage of the enamel as well as a deterioration of the thermal insulation of the tank 2.

Si la variation temporelle mesurée dans la cuve 2 et relevée à l'instant t1 est positive supérieure à la valeur prédéfinie D1, correspondant à une augmentation excessive de la température, alors cela signifie que la cuve 2 contient un niveau insuffisant d'eau, risquant de fortement détériorer le chauffe-eau 1. Une surchauffe du dispositif de chauffage dans la cuve 2 peut entrainer de graves dommages tels que le dysfonctionnement, voire la destruction du chauffe-eau 1, pouvant entrainer des coûts relativement importants de frais de remplacement ou de réparation.If the temporal variation measured in tank 2 and recorded at time t 1 is positive greater than the predefined value D 1 , corresponding to an excessive increase in temperature, then this means that tank 2 contains an insufficient level of water , which could seriously damage the water heater 1. Overheating of the heater in the tank 2 can cause serious damage such as the malfunction or even the destruction of the water heater 1, which can lead to relatively high costs of replacement costs or repair.

Dès lors, si la variation temporelle est positive supérieure à D1 alors on procède à l'instant t1 à une interdiction de poursuite de la chauffe. L'intervalle de temps entre t1 et t2 correspond à un temps d'attente qui n'est pas significatif au vu du temps nécessaire à la chauffe de l'eau de la cuve 2. Après une augmentation de la température liée à la phase donnée à l'instant t0, on observe un maximum de température T1 à l'instant t1 puis progressivement une diminution de la température correspondant à un refroidissement normal du fourreau 5 suite à l'arrêt de dispositif de chauffage.Consequently, if the temporal variation is positive greater than D 1, then at time t 1 a prohibition on continuing heating is carried out. The time interval between t 1 and t 2 corresponds to a waiting time which is not significant in view of the time required for heating the water in tank 2. After an increase in temperature linked to the phase given at time t 0 , a maximum temperature T 1 is observed at time t 1 and then gradually a decrease in temperature corresponding to normal cooling of the sleeve 5 following the stopping of the heating device.

Au bout d'un temps t2, la figure 5 montre le cas où l'on procède à un remplissage en eau de la cuve 2. L'entrée de l'eau, généralement froide, dans la cuve 2, va entrainer une variation thermique importante sur le fourreau 5 ainsi que sur le fourreau secondaire 8 comprenant une sonde de température. Durant l'interdiction, soit dans l'intervalle de temps t1 et t2, on effectue une deuxième détermination d'une variation temporelle de température, suivie d'une deuxième détermination d'un état de remplissage en eau de la cuve comprenant la détermination d'un état de remplissage suffisant à détermination d'une variation temporelle négative inférieure à une valeur prédéfinie D2. Cette valeur révèle une variation limite reflétant une admission d'eau froide.After a time t 2 , the figure 5 shows the case where the tank 2 is filled with water. The entry of water, generally cold, into the tank 2, will cause a significant thermal variation on the sleeve 5 as well as on the secondary sleeve 8 including a temperature probe. During the prohibition, that is to say in the time interval t 1 and t 2 , a second determination of a temporal variation in temperature is carried out, followed by a second determination of a state of water filling of the tank comprising the determination of a state of filling sufficient to determine a negative temporal variation less than a predefined value D 2 . This value reveals a limit variation reflecting an admission of cold water.

Après remplissage en eau, la variation temporelle, c'est-à-dire la dérivée temporelle, est relevée comme étant négative, correspondant à une diminution de la température à l'intérieur de la cuve 2 dans l'intervalle de temps t2 et t3.After filling with water, the time variation, that is to say the time derivative, is noted as being negative, corresponding to a decrease in the temperature inside the tank 2 in the time interval t 2 and t 3 .

Au bout d'un temps t3, lorsque la température T3 prédéfinie est atteinte, correspondant à un état de remplissage suffisant en eau de la cuve 2, on effectue une phase de chauffe. Durant la phase de chauffe, on réalise d'abord une détermination périodique d'une variation temporelle de température dans la cuve 2 durant un intervalle de temps prédéfini, par exemple entre t3 et t4. Si la variation temporelle mesurée à cet instant est positive inférieure à une valeur prédéfinie D3 alors l'état de remplissage de la cuve 2 est jugé suffisant, le procédé de chauffe de l'eau dans la cuve 2 se poursuit. Cette phase est similaire à la phase d'activation de la chauffe opérée en début de procédé, à partir du temps t0.At the end of a time t 3 , when the predefined temperature T 3 is reached, corresponding to a state of sufficient water filling of the tank 2, a heating phase is carried out. During the heating phase, a periodic determination of a temporal temperature variation in the tank 2 is first carried out during a predefined time interval, for example between t 3 and t 4 . If the temporal variation measured at this instant is positive less than a predefined value D 3 then the filling state of the tank 2 is considered sufficient, the process of heating the water in the tank 2 continues. This phase is similar to the heating activation phase carried out at the start of the process, from time t 0 .

Dès le temps t4, lorsqu'aucune anomalie n'est détectée dans le dispositif de chauffage, alors la puissance peut avantageusement être augmentée de sorte à chauffer plus rapidement l'eau de la cuve 2. On peut ainsi, par exemple, mettre en oeuvre une puissance de chauffage en mode test de faible niveau et une ou plusieurs valeurs, supérieures, en mode de chauffage effectif, lorsque les tests sont concluants.From time t 4 , when no anomaly is detected in the heating device, then the power can advantageously be increased so as to heat the water in tank 2 more quickly. It is thus possible, for example, to put in low-level test mode heating power and one or more higher values in effective heating mode when the tests are successful.

Les étapes de contrôle de variation temporelle de température sont renouvelées plusieurs fois, voire périodiquement et en continu, durant la phase de chauffe de sorte à vérifier la suffisance du niveau de l'eau présent dans la cuve 2. Si lors de ces contrôles, une variation temporelle positive supérieure à une valeur prédéfinie est détectée, cela signifie que l'état de remplissage en eau de la cuve 2 est insuffisant, le dispositif de chauffage est alors arrêté.The temporal temperature variation control steps are repeated several times, or even periodically and continuously, during the heating phase so as to check the sufficiency of the water level present in the tank 2. If, during these checks, a positive temporal variation greater than a predefined value is detected, this means that the water filling state of the tank 2 is insufficient, the heating device is then stopped.

Le procédé selon l'invention permet donc de détecter et de prévenir contre d'éventuels problèmes de surchauffe, très fréquemment causés par une insuffisance de remplissage en eau du corps de chauffe 2. Cette insuffisance s'entend notamment d'une cuve 2 vide mais aussi d'une cuve 2 partiellement remplie, en deçà d'un taux de remplissage prédéfini.The method according to the invention therefore makes it possible to detect and prevent possible overheating problems, very frequently caused by insufficient of water filling of the heating body 2. This insufficiency is understood in particular to an empty tank 2 but also of a partially filled tank 2, below a predefined filling rate.

Selon un mode de réalisation complémentaire ou alternatif à la détection d'un manque d'eau dans la cuve 2, le procédé selon la présente invention peut avantageusement permettre de détecter un entartrage de l'élément chauffant.According to a complementary or alternative embodiment to the detection of a lack of water in the tank 2, the method according to the present invention can advantageously make it possible to detect scaling of the heating element.

A l'issue de la phase préliminaire de test de chauffe, le dispositif de chauffe s'arrête automatiquement le temps d'étudier le comportement en température de la cuve 2, le dispositif de chauffe ayant généré de la chaleur dans le fourreau 5. Avantageusement, le temps de chauffe peut varier et présenter une durée différente de celle prévue lors de la phase de test de chauffe. Dès lors, le comportement en température va être différent suivant que le fourreau 5 est plongé dans l'eau (cuve 2 pleine), dans l'air (cuve 2 vide) ou encore que le fourreau 5 est entartré.At the end of the preliminary heating test phase, the heating device automatically stops the time to study the temperature behavior of the tank 2, the heating device having generated heat in the sleeve 5. Advantageously , the heating time may vary and have a duration different from that foreseen during the heating test phase. Consequently, the temperature behavior will be different depending on whether the sleeve 5 is immersed in water (tank 2 full), in air (tank 2 empty) or even whether the sleeve 5 is scaled.

Le capteur de température avantageusement situé dans le fourreau secondaire 8 va déterminer s'il y a une présence d'eau dans la cuve 2 ou bien s'il y a un entartrage sévère de l'élément chauffant. Dans le cas où l'élément chauffant est fortement entartré, le fourreau 5 principal ne va pas s'échauffer rapidement. L'énergie apportée n'est pas suffisante pour augmenter significativement la température de l'eau et de ce fait l'évolution de température est très faible.The temperature sensor advantageously located in the secondary sheath 8 will determine whether there is a presence of water in the tank 2 or else if there is severe scaling of the heating element. In the event that the heating element is heavily scaled, the main sleeve will not heat up quickly. The energy supplied is not sufficient to significantly increase the temperature of the water and therefore the change in temperature is very low.

Si la variation temporelle mesurée dans la cuve 2 et relevée à l'instant t1 ou à un autre instant est positive et très largement inférieure à la valeur prédéfinie D1, alors cela signifie que le fourreau 5 est immergé et très possiblement entartré.If the temporal variation measured in the tank 2 and recorded at the instant t1 or at another instant is positive and very much less than the predefined value D1, then this means that the sleeve 5 is immersed and very possibly scaled up.

Selon un mode de réalisation, lorsqu'est relevée une très faible variation de température, un signal d'alerte peut être déclenché afin de prévenir l'utilisateur d'un éventuel entartrage de l'élément chauffant. Dans ce cas, l'utilisateur aurait le choix d'effectuer un détartrage du dispositif afin d'éviter d'engager des frais importants de remplacement ou de réparation. Avantageusement, une alternative serait de réduire la puissance de chauffe pour protéger l'élément chauffant et son environnement. De manière particulièrement avantageuse, ces diverses actions peuvent être commandées par un microprocesseur.According to one embodiment, when a very small variation in temperature is detected, an alert signal can be triggered in order to warn the user of any scaling of the heating element. In this case, the user would have the choice of descaling the device in order to avoid incurring significant replacement or repair costs. Advantageously, an alternative would be to reduce the heating power to protect the heating element and its environment. In a particularly advantageous manner, these various actions can be controlled by a microprocessor.

L'emploi du procédé selon l'invention pour des chauffages à induction, particulièrement ceux logés en fourreau 5, est avantageux car des tels chauffages peuvent être brefs et de puissances facilement adaptées. Ainsi, les phases de test de l'invention peuvent se faire sans forte production d'énergie de chauffe et donc sans risque de dégradations matérielles et à faible consommation d'énergie électrique.The use of the method according to the invention for induction heaters, particularly those housed in sheath 5, is advantageous because such heatings can be brief and of easily adapted powers. Thus, the test phases of the invention can be done without high production of heating energy and therefore without risk of material degradation and low consumption of electrical energy.

La présente invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation précédemment décrits mais s'étend à tout mode de réalisation couvert par les revendications.The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above but extends to any embodiment covered by the claims.

REFERENCESREFERENCES

1.1.
Chauffe-eauWater heater
2.2.
Cuve ou corps de chauffeTank or heating body
3.3.
Enveloppe périphériquePeripheral envelope
4.4.
Paroi du fourreauScabbard wall
5.5.
FourreauScabbard
6a, 6b.6a, 6b.
EmbouchureMouth
7.7.
OuvertureOpening
8.8.
Fourreau secondaireSecondary scabbard
9.9.
SupportSupport
10.10.
InducteurInductor
11.11.
BaseBased
12.12.
PlatinePlatinum
13, 14.13, 14.
Surface d'appuiBearing surface
16.16.
EspaceSpace
17.17.
RetraitWithdrawal
19 .19.
FenteSlot
21.21.
FilWire
22.22.
BobinageWinding
D1, D2, D3.D1, D2, D3.
Valeurs prédéfiniesPreset values
t0, t1, t2, t3, t4.t0, t1, t2, t3, t4.
Temps correspondant aux mesures de températureTime corresponding to temperature measurements
T0, T1, T2, T3, T4.T0, T1, T2, T3, T4.
Températures mesurées à des temps différentsTemperatures measured at different times

Claims (16)

  1. A process to manage water heating in a tank (2) of a water heater (1) which includes a device for electrically heating the water in the tank (2) and a heating management device configured to control the activation and deactivation of the heating device, said heating management device including at least one temperature measuring sensor (8) capable of measuring a temperature in the tank (2) and means arranged to execute said process, said process includes, when a water heating phase is controlled:
    - an activation of heating by the heating device at a first heating power;
    - a determination of a time variation of temperature in the tank (2) by said at least one temperature measuring sensor (8);
    - a determination of at least one water filling state of the tank (2) as a function of the time variation;
    and during the heating phase, one performs:
    - a periodic determination of a time variation of temperature in the tank (2) by said at least one temperature measuring sensor (8) during a predefined time interval;
    - a determination by said arranged means of an insufficient water filling state of the tank (2) when a positive time variation which is greater than a predefined value (D3) is identified;
    - a stop of heating following the determination of the insufficient filling state;
    - a determination by said arranged means of a sufficient filling state when a positive time variation which is less than a predefined value (D1) is identified;
    - a heating phase at a heating power which is greater than the first heating power, this heating phase at a higher power being controlled upon determination of the sufficient filling state.
  2. The process according to the preceding claim wherein the determination of at least one filling state comprises the determination of an insufficient water filling state when a positive time variation which is greater than a predefined value (D1) is identified.
  3. The process according to the preceding claim comprising a prohibition of a continuation or resumption of heating following the determination of the insufficient filling state.
  4. The process according to the preceding claim wherein the prohibition is maintained until a sufficient filling state is determined.
  5. The process according to the preceding claim wherein, during the prohibition, a second determination of a time variation of temperature is performed, a second determination of a water filling state of the tank (2) is performed comprising the determination of a sufficient filling state when a negative time variation which is less than a predefined value (D2) is identified.
  6. The process according to one of the preceding claims comprising the determination by said arranged means of a scaling state when a time variation, which is positive and lower by at least more than 10% than the predefined value (D1) and preferably by at least 25% than the predefined value (D1), is identified.
  7. The process according to one of the preceding claims wherein the determination of a time variation is operated by calculating the ratio of the difference between a temperature measured upon activation of heating and a temperature after a predefined duration, and the predefined duration.
  8. The process according to the preceding claim wherein the predefined duration is between 2 and 4 minutes.
  9. The process according to one of the preceding claims wherein heating is operated at a power of less than 1500 kW.
  10. The process according to one of the preceding claims wherein heating is stopped before determining at least one filling state.
  11. The process according to one of the preceding claims wherein a heating device including at least one inductor (10) and at least one load is used, the inductor (10) being configured to produce an induced current in the load.
  12. A water heating system for a tank (2) of a water heater (1), said system including device for electrically heating the water in the tank (2) and a heating management device configured to control the activation and deactivation of the heating device, where the heating management device includes at least one temperature measuring sensor (8) capable of measuring a temperature in the tank (2) and means arranged to execute the process according to one of the preceding claims.
  13. The system according to the preceding claim wherein the heating device includes at least one inductor (10) and at least one load, the inductor (10) being configured to produce an induced current in the load.
  14. A water heater including a tank (2) capable of receiving water and a system according to one of the two preceding claims.
  15. The water heater according to the preceding claim wherein the tank (2) is delimited by a peripheral envelope (3) and by the wall (4) of a sealed sheath (5) which is located in the internal volume of the peripheral envelope (3), the heating device being at least partially immersed in the sheath (5).
  16. The water heater according to the preceding claim comprising a device according to claim 13, wherein the load is formed at least partially by the wall (4) of the sealed sheath (5) and wherein the inductor (10) is housed in the sealed sheath (5).
EP14747611.3A 2013-08-09 2014-07-31 Process to manage water heating in a water heater tank Active EP3030844B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1357935A FR3009609B1 (en) 2013-08-09 2013-08-09 METHOD FOR MANAGING THE HEATING OF WATER IN A TANK OF A WATER HEATER
PCT/EP2014/066492 WO2015018733A1 (en) 2013-08-09 2014-07-31 Method for managing the heating of water in a tank of a water heater

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WO2015018733A1 (en) 2015-02-12
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US20160187027A1 (en) 2016-06-30
US10060650B2 (en) 2018-08-28
EP3030844A1 (en) 2016-06-15
CN105659036A (en) 2016-06-08
FR3009609B1 (en) 2018-11-23

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