EP3030845B1 - Water heater - Google Patents

Water heater Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3030845B1
EP3030845B1 EP14747012.4A EP14747012A EP3030845B1 EP 3030845 B1 EP3030845 B1 EP 3030845B1 EP 14747012 A EP14747012 A EP 14747012A EP 3030845 B1 EP3030845 B1 EP 3030845B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheath
water heater
tank
winding
sleeve
Prior art date
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Application number
EP14747012.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3030845A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Yves Gaspard
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Winslim
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Winslim
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
    • F24H9/1818—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
    • F24H7/002—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release using electrical energy supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0202—Switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/023—Industrial applications
    • H05B1/0244—Heating of fluids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/78—Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
    • H05B3/82—Fixedly-mounted immersion heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • H05B6/105—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor
    • H05B6/108—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor for heating a fluid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/36—Coil arrangements
    • H05B6/365—Coil arrangements using supplementary conductive or ferromagnetic pieces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2250/00—Electrical heat generating means
    • F24H2250/08—Induction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to water heating devices otherwise called water heaters. It relates in particular to a device for the induction heating of a water heater and to a water heater provided with such a device.
  • Water heaters are devices for heating water for different household or industrial needs. There are different types of water heaters: the instantaneous water heater and the water storage water heater.
  • heating element If the heating element is heavily scaled, heat transfer to the water becomes difficult and the water is not heated properly as either the thermostat stops heating before the water heating setpoint temperature is reached. is reached so as to protect the heating element which risks being damaged, or the thermostat does not perceive the overheating of the heating element which continues heating and is then damaged.
  • a problem at the basis of the present invention is to provide an electric water storage water heater which can operate at various powers, exhibiting good efficiency while avoiding or reducing scaling of the heating device of the water heater.
  • a water heater comprising the characteristics of claim 1.
  • the figures 1 to 5 illustrate an example of a water heater comprising a tank and a heating device according to the present invention.
  • the figure 1 illustrates a cross section of a water heater 1.
  • the water heater 1 comprises a tank 2 for accumulating a volume of water and a heater.
  • the tank 2 has, for example, a capacity greater than 10 liters, preferably greater than 20 liters.
  • the tank 2 is delimited on the one hand by a peripheral envelope 3 and on the other hand by the wall 4 of a sealed sheath 5 plunging into the internal volume of the peripheral envelope 3.
  • said peripheral envelope 3 and said sheath (5) define a closed volume.
  • the tank 2 comprises an opening 7 at one of its longitudinal ends making it possible to insert the heating device.
  • the sleeve 5 is advantageously inserted into the tank 2 through the opening 7.
  • the tank 2 comprises at one of its longitudinal ends two mouths: a mouth 6a for water supply intended to be heated and a mouth 6b heated water outlet.
  • the tank 2 and / or the sleeve 5 and / or the inductor 10 have cylindrical shapes.
  • the sleeve 5 and the inductor 10 have rectangular parallelepiped shapes.
  • the tank 2 takes, in a particularly advantageous manner, a rectangular parallelepiped shape so as to save space in use.
  • the figure 2 illustrates a cross section of the sleeve 5 and of the secondary sleeve 8 receiving the temperature sensor.
  • the wall 4 of the sleeve 5 is sealed so as to prevent water from entering the heating device.
  • the wall 4 of the sleeve 5 has a thickness, preferably, between 0.4 millimeter (mm) and 2.3 millimeters.
  • the wall 4 of the sleeve 5 is formed from a steel sheet.
  • the sheath 5 is enameled just like the interior of the tank 2; enamel hangs better on decarbonized steel. Decarburized steel is very magnetic and therefore proves to be a very good load for an induction heating system.
  • the sleeve 5 is integral with a plate 12.
  • the plate 12 cooperates with the tank 2 and is attached to the tank 2 so that the internal volume of the peripheral casing 3 is sealed.
  • the secondary sleeve 8 is preferably fixed by one of its longitudinal ends on the plate 12 before being inserted into the tank 2.
  • the secondary sleeve 8 is a tube welded to the same plate 12 as the sleeve. 5 and is enamelled like said sheath 5.
  • the plate 12 here has the shape of a disc.
  • the plate 12 is fixed to the outer wall of the tank 2 by means of a seal and fixing means.
  • the sheath 5 comprises a base 11 fixed to one of its longitudinal ends.
  • the base 11 is preferably in the form of a disc or a square.
  • the plate 12 comprising the sleeve 5 and the secondary sleeve 8 can be removed from the water heater 1 by simply removing the fixing means. Exceptionally, the heating device can be checked, checked, or even changed without opening, therefore without having to empty the tank 2.
  • the figure 3 illustrates a cross section of the interior of the sleeve 5.
  • the inductor 10 comprises a coil 22 formed on the support 9.
  • the support 9 comprises a lateral outer surface provided with a coil portion 15 and a wedging portion.
  • the winding portion 15 is set back relative to the wedging portion.
  • the wedging portion comprises a bearing surface 13, 14 on the internal face of the sleeve 5.
  • the bearing surface 13, 14 comprises two portions located on either side of the winding portion 22 in a longitudinal direction of the sleeve 5.
  • the recess 17 of the winding portion 15 relative to the wedging portion is greater than the thickness of the winding 22.
  • the space 16 separating the winding 22 and the internal face of the wall 4 of the sleeve 5 is, of preferably, less than 2 millimeters and, advantageously, less than 1 millimeter.
  • those skilled in the art tend to move the inductor type coils away from the heated elements. This is because, as the name suggests, the heated elements heat up and tend to cause the inductor systems to heat up if they are placed too close.
  • the inductor windings 22 are generally insulated by organic varnishes, the most efficient of which do not withstand temperatures above 220 ° C.
  • the internal wall 4 (for example 0.4 mm thick) of the sleeve 5 is advantageously heated, which heats up.
  • the sleeve 5 is immersed in water with which it exchanges its heat. During the heating phase, the temperature of the sleeve 5 is therefore always higher than the temperature of the water so that the heat exchange takes place, but the temperature difference remains low, for example 30 ° C for an injected power of 1800 Watts (W).
  • the figure 4 illustrates a view of the support 9.
  • the support 9 is preferably in the form of a hollow tube. Particularly advantageously, the support 9 is configured so as to cooperate with the shape of the internal wall 4 of the sheath 5.
  • a first longitudinal end of the support 9 comprises a first wedging portion comprising a base 11, a bearing surface 13 , 14 and at least one slit 19 for retaining the winding wire 22.
  • a second longitudinal end of the support 9, opposite the first, comprises a bearing surface 13, 14 and at least one slit 19, 20 for retaining the wire winding 22.
  • the bearing surface 13, 14 comprises, in a particularly advantageous manner, a plurality of crenellated peaks formed on an annular portion of the wedging portion.
  • the crenellations allow a balance of the support 9 within the sheath 5. They also limit the phenomena of hyperstatism during insertion.
  • the crenellations advantageously allow a simplification of the winding 22.
  • an inductor winding 22 of the Pan Cake type will preferably be used, without resorting to the use of a support. 9.
  • the wall of the support 9 is perforated so as to promote heat transfer within the sleeve 5, minimize the weight of the support 9 and therefore its cost.
  • the support 9 is formed of materials resistant to high temperatures such as plastics (for example, BMC “Bulk Molding Compound” comprising Polyester resin or the Vinylester) reinforced with glass fibers. In position, the support 9 extends in the longitudinal direction of the sheath 5.
  • the support 9 is advantageously hollow and its center can allow the passage of the winding wire 21 22.
  • the figure 5 is a schematic representation of a perspective view from below of the support 9.
  • the coil 22 extends in the longitudinal direction of the sleeve 5 so that the heating takes place in a homogeneous and uniform manner along the wall 4 inner sleeve 5.
  • the support 9 serves as a winding support 22.
  • the winding wire 21 22 is inserted inside the support 9 and it is crimped towards the end of the base 11.
  • the cable is then stretched.
  • wire 21 and it is passed through a slot of the support surface 13 located at one end of the support 9.
  • the support 9 can then be fixed on the winder (similar to a turn) and the winding wire 21 22 which passed through the slot of the bearing surface 13 of the support 9 is then immediately in the right place to start the winding.
  • the wire is cut and passed through the slots 20 or retaining notches until it reaches the bearing surface 14 located at the other end of the support 9.
  • the support 9 comprises several slots 20. because different versions of inductors are provided depending on the power required.
  • the notches or slots 20 serve to block the winding wire 21 22 which is then passed back to the center of the support 9 to join the starting wire 21, but diametrically opposed.
  • the two wires 21 are connected to their respective connectors secured to the base 11.
  • the two ends of the winding wire 21 22 will preferably be connected to the input and output terminals of the power supply. so as to allow the operation of the inductor 10 housed in the sheath 5.
  • the coil 22 is formed from a standard wire which does not need to be fitted with a thermo-adhesive overlayer; the maintenance of the coil 22 being advantageously only mechanical on the support 9.
  • the coil 22 is configured so that the coil has an impedance with a resistance of 1.8 Ohm and an inductance of 50 ⁇ H, for a frequency of 20 kHz.
  • the inductor In the case where the inductor is positioned in the middle of the tank 2, then mainly half of the tank 2 is heated, with particular pay attention to the layering. In the case where the inductor is positioned at the top of the tank 2, only a small part of the tank 2 is heated.
  • the sleeve 5 comprises 3 inductors located respectively in the upper part, in the central part and in the lower part of the sleeve 5, so as to simultaneously or alternately heat different zones of water in the tank 2. This could allow a certain modularity of the volume of hot water.
  • the displacement of the inductor can be physical, manual or motorized or else, it is possible to provide several inductors and supply them as needed.
  • the wall 4 of the sheath 5 comprises two layers: a first layer inert to the magnetic field providing the seal and a second layer allowing heating by induction.
  • the magnetic field has no effect on non-magnetic and non-conductive materials such as plastic, insulating composites, glass, ceramics. It would therefore be possible to envisage a first layer of the wall 4 of the sheath 5 acting as a seal inside which the inductor system 10 would be housed; said first layer of the wall 4 of the sheath 5 would be made of non-magnetic and non-conductive materials.
  • a second layer, preferably cylindrical in shape, could be positioned around the first layer and would serve as a load for the induction system.
  • this load ie the second layer of the wall 4 of the sleeve 5
  • This load could advantageously be mobile, which could mechanically assist in descaling.
  • This load no longer having the constraint of resisting the pressure could be made of a thinner material, greater than the skin thickness at 20 kHz, or a minimum thickness of 0.5 mm.
  • this load could be made of materials with a low Curie point so as to naturally limit its heating. It would advantageously be possible to transfer inductive energy into tank 2, in a completely secure manner since it is galvanically isolated.
  • a part of the inductor 10 could be placed in the sleeve 5 to heat a facing cylindrical load, placed in the tank 2, and keep a part of the winding 22 visible in order to be able to couple a coil positioned in the tank 2, which could be used to power an immersed device which may, for example, relate to anti-corrosion or anti-limescale devices, or even any electronic devices.

Description

DOMAINE DE L'INVENTIONFIELD OF THE INVENTION

La présente invention est relative aux appareils de chauffage de l'eau autrement appelés chauffe-eaux. Elle concerne en particulier un dispositif de chauffage par induction d'un chauffe-eau et un chauffe-eau muni d'un tel dispositif.The present invention relates to water heating devices otherwise called water heaters. It relates in particular to a device for the induction heating of a water heater and to a water heater provided with such a device.

ARRIERE-PLAN TECHNOLOGIQUETECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

Les chauffe-eaux sont des dispositifs permettant de chauffer l'eau pour différents besoins ménagers ou industriels. Il existe différents types de chauffe-eau : le chauffe-eau instantané et le chauffe-eau à accumulation d'eau.Water heaters are devices for heating water for different household or industrial needs. There are different types of water heaters: the instantaneous water heater and the water storage water heater.

Le document WO2009/050631 concerne un chauffe-eau instantané destiné à chauffer de l'eau sans la stocker. Le dispositif de chauffe utilisé dans ce document forme une pièce monolithique avec un fourreau ; ledit fourreau formant une enveloppe servant à séparer le système inductif de l'eau traversant le chauffe-eau. Dans ce document, l'inconvénient majeur est que, dans le cas où se pose un problème relatif à un dysfonctionnement du dispositif de chauffe, il s'avère indispensable de procéder au démontage total du chauffe-eau afin d'accéder au dispositif de chauffe, nécessitant au préalable de retirer du chauffe-eau toute présence d'eau.The document WO2009 / 050631 relates to an instantaneous water heater intended to heat water without storing it. The heating device used in this document forms a monolithic part with a sheath; said sheath forming an envelope serving to separate the inductive system from the water passing through the water heater. In this document, the major drawback is that, in the event that a problem arises relating to a malfunction of the heating device, it is essential to proceed with the total disassembly of the water heater in order to access the heating device. , requiring the prior removal of any water presence from the water heater.

La présente invention concerne un chauffe-eau à accumulation d'eau. Il est entendu par chauffe-eau à accumulation d'eau, un appareil à accumulation d'eau qui possède au moins une cuve servant de corps de chauffe de stockage d'eau chaude, dite aussi fréquemment ballon. L'eau est admise dans la cuve de stockage où elle est destinée à y être chauffée. La capacité d'une telle cuve est plus ou moins importante suivant les besoins auxquels les appareils à accumulation sont dédiés, par exemple en étant associés avec un ou des robinets de lavabo, une douche et/ou une baignoire, etc.The present invention relates to a water storage water heater. The term “water storage water heater” is understood to mean a water storage device which has at least one tank serving as a hot water storage heating body, also frequently referred to as a balloon. The water is admitted into the storage tank where it is intended to be heated there. The capacity of such a tank is more or less important according to the needs to which the storage devices are dedicated, for example by being associated with one or more washbasin taps, a shower and / or a bathtub, etc.

Les énergies de chauffage d'un chauffe-eau sont majoritairement du gaz, du fioul ou de l'électricité. La présente invention concerne les chauffe-eaux électriques. De manière connue, un chauffe-eau électrique possède un élément chauffant plongeant dans la cuve servant de corps de chauffe permettant de chauffer l'eau qu'il contient. Cet élément chauffant est fréquemment une résistance, dite généralement "résistance blindée", présentant une taille modeste et disposant, en raison de sa technologie, d'une surface d'échange avec l'eau particulièrement faible. De ce fait, la puissance de la résistance blindée n'est pas très importante pour éviter soit que la résistance blindée ne provoque des ébullitions locales, soit que la résistance blindée ne s'endommage dans le cas où, recouverte de tartre, elle n'échange plus correctement son énergie avec l'eau à chauffer.The heating energies of a water heater are mainly gas, fuel oil or electricity. The present invention relates to electric water heaters. In known manner, an electric water heater has a heating element immersed in the tank serving as a heating body making it possible to heat the water it contains. This heating element is frequently a resistor, generally called a “shielded resistor”, having a modest size and having, because of its technology, a particularly small exchange surface with water. Therefore, the power of the armored resistance is not very important to avoid either that the armored resistance causes local boiling, or that the armored resistance is damaged in the case where, covered with scale, it does not exchanges its energy more correctly with the water to be heated.

Le calcaire est quasiment partout présent en suspension dans l'eau et lorsque l'eau contenue dans la cuve servant de corps de chauffe est chauffée, l'agitation moléculaire va provoquer la précipitation du calcaire ou entartrage sur la résistance blindée et généralement sur les parties chaudes dont la tuyauterie du chauffe-eau. L'entartrage est un problème majeur sur les chauffe-eaux car, suivant les caractéristiques de l'eau, chauffe après chauffe, l'élément chauffant se recouvre de tartre. Ceci a pour effet, d'une part, de réduire l'échange thermique avec l'eau et, d'autre part, de réduire la durée de vie de l'élément chauffant qui surchauffe et finit par se détruire. Le tartre déposé réduit le transfert de chaleur à l'eau, l'élément chauffant surchauffe. Si l'élément chauffant est très entartré, le transfert thermique à l'eau devient difficile et l'eau n'est pas chauffée correctement étant donné que, soit le thermostat arrête la chauffe avant que la température de consigne de chauffage de l'eau ne soit atteinte de sorte à protéger l'élément chauffant qui risque d'être détérioré, soit le thermostat ne perçoit pas la surchauffe de l'élément chauffant qui poursuit la chauffe et est alors détérioré.Limestone is almost everywhere present in suspension in water and when the water contained in the tank serving as the heating body is heated, molecular agitation will cause the precipitation of limestone or scaling on the armored resistance and generally on the parts. hot water including the water heater piping. Scale is a major problem on water heaters because, depending on the characteristics of the water, heating after heating, the heating element becomes covered with scale. This has the effect, on the one hand, of reducing the heat exchange with the water and, on the other hand, of reducing the life of the heating element which overheats and ends up destroying itself. The deposited scale reduces heat transfer to the water, the heating element overheats. If the heating element is heavily scaled, heat transfer to the water becomes difficult and the water is not heated properly as either the thermostat stops heating before the water heating setpoint temperature is reached. is reached so as to protect the heating element which risks being damaged, or the thermostat does not perceive the overheating of the heating element which continues heating and is then damaged.

Pour éviter un tel entartrage, il existe des résistances insérées dans des fourreaux. Ces résistances sont dites résistances stéatites du nom de l'isolant qui supporte l'élément résistif. Ces résistances ne sont plus alors en contact avec l'eau et ne se recouvrent donc pas de tartre. Cela ne fait cependant que reporter le problème sur le fourreau, avantageusement en acier émaillé, qui est plongé dans l'eau et devient indirectement l'élément chauffant l'eau en se couvrant de tartre. Le problème est dû au transfert thermique entre l'élément chauffant comprenant les résistances et le fourreau. En effet, les résistances nécessitent une montée progressive en chaleur et donc un temps important pour transmettre de la chaleur au fourreau favorisant le dépôt de tartre sur le fourreau.To avoid such scaling, there are resistors inserted in sleeves. These resistors are called steatite resistors, named after the insulation which supports the resistive element. These resistors are then no longer in contact with water and therefore do not become covered with scale. However, this only transfers the problem to the sheath, advantageously made of enamelled steel, which is immersed in the water and indirectly becomes the heating element for the water by covering itself with scale. The problem is due to the heat transfer between the heating element comprising the resistors and the sleeve. Indeed, the resistors require a gradual rise in heat and therefore a long time to transmit heat to the sheath favoring the deposit of scale on the sheath.

Il s'ensuit que les chauffe-eaux à au moins un élément de chauffage sous la forme d'une résistance n'ont pas des rendements thermiques très satisfaisants lorsqu'ils sont entartrés. De plus, ces éléments de chauffage sont uniquement régulés par un thermostat et fonctionnent dans un mode tout ou rien.It follows that water heaters with at least one heating element in the form of a resistance do not have very satisfactory thermal yields when they are scaled up. In addition, these heating elements are only regulated by a thermostat and operate in an all or nothing mode.

La présente invention permet de résoudre tout ou, du moins, une partie des inconvénients des techniques actuelles. Un problème à la base de la présente invention est de proposer un chauffe-eau électrique à accumulation d'eau qui puisse fonctionner sous diverses puissances, présentant un bon rendement tout en évitant ou en réduisant un entartrage du dispositif de chauffage du chauffe-eau.The present invention makes it possible to resolve all or at least some of the drawbacks of current techniques. A problem at the basis of the present invention is to provide an electric water storage water heater which can operate at various powers, exhibiting good efficiency while avoiding or reducing scaling of the heating device of the water heater.

RESUME DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Pour atteindre cet objectif, il est prévu selon l'invention un chauffe-eau comportant les caractéristiques de la revendication 1.To achieve this objective, there is provided according to the invention a water heater comprising the characteristics of claim 1.

L'effet technique, induit par l'utilisation d'un fourreau comprenant au moins un inducteur, est de générer des courants induits directement dans le fourreau et ainsi favoriser un effet de chauffe plus rapide.The technical effect, induced by the use of a sleeve comprising at least one inductor, is to generate induced currents directly in the sleeve and thus promote a faster heating effect.

De manière particulièrement avantageuse, le dispositif selon la présente invention permet de contrôler, vérifier, voire changer le dispositif de chauffe, sans ouvrir donc sans avoir à vidanger la cuve.In a particularly advantageous manner, the device according to the present invention makes it possible to control, check, or even change the heating device, without therefore opening without having to empty the tank.

BREVE INTRODUCTION DES FIGURESBRIEF INTRODUCTION OF FIGURES

Les buts, objets, ainsi que les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront mieux de la description détaillée d'un mode de réalisation de cette dernière illustrée par les dessins d'accompagnement suivants, dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 illustre une coupe transversale d'un chauffe-eau. Le chauffe-eau comprend une cuve destinée à recevoir un volume d'eau et un dispositif de chauffage.
  • La figure 2 illustre une coupe transversale d'un fourreau à l'intérieur duquel se trouve un inducteur et une coupe transversale d'un fourreau secondaire à l'intérieur duquel se trouve un capteur de température.
  • La figure 3 illustre une coupe transversale de l'intérieur du fourreau dans lequel se trouve le bobinage et une coupe transversale du fourreau secondaire à l'intérieur duquel se trouve un capteur de température.
  • La figure 4 est une vue du support, le support comprenant à des extrémités des surfaces d'appui.
  • La figure 5 est une représentation schématique d'une vue en perspective de dessous du support au niveau des connections du bobinage inducteur.
The aims, objects, as well as the characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly from the detailed description of an embodiment of the latter illustrated by the following accompanying drawings, in which:
  • The figure 1 illustrates a cross section of a water heater. The water heater comprises a tank intended to receive a volume of water and a heating device.
  • The figure 2 illustrates a cross section of a sleeve within which there is an inductor and a cross section of a secondary sleeve within which there is a temperature sensor.
  • The figure 3 illustrates a cross section of the interior of the sleeve in which the coil is located and a cross section of the secondary sleeve within which there is a temperature sensor.
  • The figure 4 is a view of the support, the support comprising at the ends of the bearing surfaces.
  • The figure 5 is a schematic representation of a perspective view from below of the support at the field coil connections.

Les dessins sont donnés à titre d'exemples et ne sont pas limitatifs de l'invention. Ils constituent des représentations schématiques de principe destinées à faciliter la compréhension de l'invention et ne sont pas nécessairement à l'échelle des applications pratiques.The drawings are given by way of example and do not limit the invention. They constitute schematic representations of principle intended to facilitate understanding of the invention and are not necessarily on the scale of practical applications.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEEDETAILED DESCRIPTION

Avant d'entamer une revue détaillée de modes de réalisation de l'invention, sont énoncées ci-après des caractéristiques optionnelles qui peuvent éventuellement être utilisées en association ou alternativement :

  • Le support comporte au moins un organe d'entretoise configuré pour maintenir un espace entre le bobinage et la face interne de la paroi du fourreau.
  • Le support comporte une surface externe latérale pourvue d'une portion de bobinage et d'une portion de calage, la portion de bobinage étant en retrait relativement à la portion de calage, la portion de calage comprenant une surface d'appui sur la face interne du fourreau, le retrait de la portion de bobinage relativement à la portion de calage étant supérieur à l'épaisseur du bobinage.
  • L'espace séparant le bobinage et la face interne de la paroi du fourreau est inférieur à 5 millimètres, et préférentiellement inférieur 1 millimètre.
  • La surface d'appui et la face interne de la paroi du fourreau sont agencées en ajustement glissant.
  • La surface d'appui comporte une pluralité de sommets de créneaux formés sur une portion annulaire de la portion de calage.
  • La surface d'appui comporte deux portions situées de part et d'autre de la portion de bobinage suivant une direction longitudinale du fourreau.
Before starting a detailed review of embodiments of the invention, optional characteristics are listed below which can optionally be used in combination or alternatively:
  • The support comprises at least one spacer member configured to maintain a space between the coil and the internal face of the wall of the sleeve.
  • The support comprises a lateral outer surface provided with a winding portion and a wedging portion, the winding portion being set back relative to the wedging portion, the wedging portion comprising a bearing surface on the internal face of the sheath, the withdrawal of the winding portion relative to the wedging portion being greater than the thickness of the winding.
  • The space separating the coil and the internal face of the wall of the sleeve is less than 5 millimeters, and preferably less than 1 millimeter.
  • The bearing surface and the internal face of the wall of the sleeve are arranged in a sliding fit.
  • The bearing surface comprises a plurality of crenellated tops formed on an annular portion of the wedging portion.
  • The bearing surface comprises two portions located on either side of the winding portion in a longitudinal direction of the sheath.

Plusieurs inducteurs sont logés dans le fourreau. Avantageusement, cette pluralité d'inducteurs permet de chauffer des zones particulières du chauffe-eau.

  • Le fourreau est isolé électriquement de la cuve. Le fourreau est relié mécaniquement à une platine ; ladite platine supportant également le fourreau secondaire. Le fourreau, le fourreau secondaire et le support sont de préférence émaillés ensemble et vissés à la cuve par l'intermédiaire de boulons et d'un joint d'étanchéité. De ce fait, le fourreau et le fourreau secondaire sont électriquement au potentiel de la cuve, généralement à la terre. Il est avantageux de ne pas relier cet ensemble, à la terre et de le laisser en potentiel flottant. En effet, le bobinage inducteur présente une surface développée en regard de l'intérieur du fourreau et à faible distance, et forme ainsi un condensateur équivalent de plusieurs picofarads. Ceci a pour effet de charger en fonctionnement le fourreau à un potentiel de plusieurs dizaines de volts sous haute impédance, c'est-à-dire sans dangerosité aucune du point de vue de la sécurité électrique. L'application de ce potentiel peut, de manière particulièrement avantageuse, entraver la précipitation du calcaire en tartre sur le fourreau. Enfin, laisser le fourreau en potentiel flottant peut simplifier la mise en conformité du chauffe-eau à induction vis-à-vis de normes de réjection de perturbations électromagnétiques.
  • Le dispositif de chauffage comprend un générateur électronique modulable en puissance commandé par un pilotage électronique. Une résistance chauffante est commandée en tout ou rien et sa puissance fixe correspond à un besoin moyen de l'utilisateur. Il n'y a pas de possibilité d'augmenter cette puissance en cas de besoin d'eau chaude supplémentaire ou de diminuer cette puissance en cas de limitation d'énergie disponible. Avantageusement, le dispositif à induction intègre un générateur électronique pouvant adapter sa puissance en fonction du besoin de l'utilisateur. Ce besoin peut être définit localement ou lu à distance. En effet, le générateur électronique peut communiquer simplement avec son environnement (domotique, compteur intelligent, etc.), pour réduire sa puissance en heure de pointe, pour augmenter sa puissance en cas de besoin, ou pour faire coïncider la consommation à la production d'énergie renouvelable ; énergie dont la production est difficile à prévoir. Ce dernier dialogue se fait généralement par le compteur d'électricité pouvant informer en temps réel des énergies alternatives disponible, ou en local au cas où l'alimentation du chauffe-eau serait directement reliée à une source d'énergie alternative.
  • Le générateur électronique ajuste la puissance des moyens de chauffe en fonction d'une consigne locale ou lointaine.
  • Le support comprend un circuit magnétique. Avantageusement, le support peut recevoir un circuit magnétique permettant d'augmenter le couplage avec la charge. Dans le cas où la dimension du système inducteur devrait être réduite, le circuit magnétique permet de manière avantageuse d'obtenir une impédance de fonctionnement du système inducteur avec un nombre de tours et donc un encombrement réduits.
  • Le support comprend un capteur de température. Avantageusement, le support peut recevoir un capteur de température destiné suivant sa position, soit à protéger le bobinage inducteur contre les surchauffes, soit à venir lire la température de la charge.
  • Le support est creux.
  • La cuve comprend une ouverture, le chauffe-eau étant configuré de manière à ce que le fourreau puisse être inséré dans la cuve au travers de ladite ouverture. Le fourreau est solidaire d'une platine configurée pour être rapportée sur l'ouverture de la cuve de manière à ce que le volume intérieur de l'enveloppe périphérique soit étanche ; la platine coopérant avec la cuve.
  • La paroi du support est ajourée.
  • La cuve comprend une ouverture, le chauffe-eau étant configuré de manière à ce que le fourreau puisse être inséré dans la cuve au travers de ladite ouverture.
  • Le support est fixé relativement au fourreau par une seule de ses extrémités située du côté de l'ouverture.
  • La paroi du fourreau comprend au moins une couche.
  • Le fourreau comprend une pluralité de couches, au moins une des couches est configurée pour étanchéifier l'intérieur du fourreau par rapport à l'extérieur du fourreau, et au moins une autre couche de ladite pluralité est configurée pour former en partie, et de préférence entièrement, ladite charge. Ces couches permettent avantageusement de dissocier la fonction étanchéité de la fonction charge pour le système à induction.
  • La paroi du fourreau a une épaisseur inférieure à 2 millimètres, de préférence inférieure à 1 millimètre.
  • Le support comporte des fentes de retenue de fil du bobinage.
  • Le fourreau et l'inducteur présentent des formes cylindriques.
  • Le fourreau et l'inducteur présentent des formes parallélépipédiques rectangles.
  • La cuve a une contenance supérieure à 10 litres.
Several inductors are housed in the sheath. Advantageously, this plurality of inductors makes it possible to heat particular zones of the water heater.
  • The sheath is electrically isolated from the tank. The sheath is mechanically connected to a plate; said plate also supporting the secondary sheath. The sheath, the secondary sheath and the support are preferably enamelled together and screwed to the vessel by means of bolts and a gasket. As a result, the sleeve and the secondary sleeve are electrically at the potential of the tank, generally to earth. It is advantageous not to connect this assembly to the earth and to leave it in floating potential. Indeed, the inductor coil has a developed surface facing the inside of the sheath and at a short distance, and thus forms an equivalent capacitor of several picofarads. This has the effect of charging the sleeve in operation to a potential of several tens of volts under high impedance, that is to say without any danger from the point of view of electrical safety. The application of this potential can, in a particularly advantageous manner, hinder the precipitation of limestone in scale on the sheath. Finally, leaving the sheath in floating potential can simplify bringing the induction water heater into conformity with standards for rejection of electromagnetic disturbances.
  • The heating device comprises an electronic generator which can be modulated in power, controlled by electronic control. A heating resistance is controlled in all or nothing and its fixed power corresponds to an average need of the user. There is no possibility to increase this power if additional hot water is required or to decrease this power in the event of limitation of available energy. Advantageously, the induction device incorporates an electronic generator that can adapt its power according to the user's needs. This requirement can be defined locally or read remotely. Indeed, the electronic generator can communicate simply with its environment (home automation, smart meter, etc.), to reduce its power during peak hours, to increase its power when needed, or to match consumption with the production of renewable energy; energy whose production is difficult to predict. This last dialogue is generally done by the electricity meter which can provide real-time information on the alternative energies available, or locally in the event that the water heater supply is directly connected to an alternative energy source.
  • The electronic generator adjusts the power of the heating means according to a local or remote setpoint.
  • The support includes a magnetic circuit. Advantageously, the support can receive a magnetic circuit making it possible to increase the coupling with the load. In the event that the size of the inductor system should be reduced, the magnetic circuit advantageously makes it possible to obtain an operating impedance of the inductor system with a number of turns and therefore a reduced size.
  • The holder includes a temperature sensor. Advantageously, the support can receive a temperature sensor intended, depending on its position, either to protect the field coil against overheating, or to read the temperature of the load.
  • The support is hollow.
  • The tank comprises an opening, the water heater being configured so that the sleeve can be inserted into the tank through said opening. The sleeve is integral with a plate configured to be attached to the opening of the tank so that the internal volume of the peripheral casing is sealed; the plate cooperating with the tank.
  • The wall of the support is perforated.
  • The tank comprises an opening, the water heater being configured so that the sleeve can be inserted into the tank through said opening.
  • The support is fixed relative to the sleeve by only one of its ends located on the side of the opening.
  • The wall of the sheath comprises at least one layer.
  • The sheath comprises a plurality of layers, at least one of the layers is configured to seal the interior of the sheath relative to the exterior of the sheath, and at least one other layer of said plurality is configured to form part, and preferably entirely, said load. These layers advantageously make it possible to separate the sealing function from the charging function for the induction system.
  • The wall of the sleeve has a thickness of less than 2 millimeters, preferably less than 1 millimeter.
  • The holder has winding wire retention slots.
  • The sheath and the inductor have cylindrical shapes.
  • The sheath and the inductor have rectangular parallelepipedal shapes.
  • The tank has a capacity greater than 10 liters.

L'invention concerne aussi un support d'inducteur recevant un bobinage, le support étant apte à coopérer par insertion, avec ajustement glissant, relativement à la paroi d'un fourreau de chauffe-eau.The invention also relates to an inductor support receiving a coil, the support being able to cooperate by insertion, with sliding adjustment, relative to the wall of a water heater sleeve.

Les figures 1 à 5 illustrent un exemple de chauffe-eau comprenant une cuve et un dispositif de chauffage selon la présente invention.The figures 1 to 5 illustrate an example of a water heater comprising a tank and a heating device according to the present invention.

La figure 1 illustre une coupe transversale d'un chauffe-eau 1. Le chauffe-eau 1 comprend une cuve 2 destinée à accumuler un volume d'eau et un dispositif de chauffage. La cuve 2 a, par exemple, une contenance supérieure à 10 litres, de préférence, supérieure à 20 litres. La cuve 2 est délimitée d'une part par une enveloppe périphérique 3 et d'autre part par la paroi 4 d'un fourreau 5 étanche plongeant dans le volume intérieur de l'enveloppe périphérique 3. Avantageusement, ladite enveloppe périphérique 3 et ledit fourreau (5) définissent un volume fermé. La cuve 2 comprend une ouverture 7 à l'une de ses extrémités longitudinales permettant d'insérer le dispositif de chauffage. Le fourreau 5 est avantageusement inséré dans la cuve 2 au travers de l'ouverture 7. La cuve 2 comprend à l'une de ses extrémités longitudinales deux embouchures : une embouchure 6a d'arrivée d'eau destinée à être chauffée et une embouchure 6b de sortie d'eau chauffée.The figure 1 illustrates a cross section of a water heater 1. The water heater 1 comprises a tank 2 for accumulating a volume of water and a heater. The tank 2 has, for example, a capacity greater than 10 liters, preferably greater than 20 liters. The tank 2 is delimited on the one hand by a peripheral envelope 3 and on the other hand by the wall 4 of a sealed sheath 5 plunging into the internal volume of the peripheral envelope 3. Advantageously, said peripheral envelope 3 and said sheath (5) define a closed volume. The tank 2 comprises an opening 7 at one of its longitudinal ends making it possible to insert the heating device. The sleeve 5 is advantageously inserted into the tank 2 through the opening 7. The tank 2 comprises at one of its longitudinal ends two mouths: a mouth 6a for water supply intended to be heated and a mouth 6b heated water outlet.

Le dispositif de chauffage comprend au moins un inducteur 10 logé dans le fourreau 5 et au moins une charge formée par au moins une partie de la paroi 4 du fourreau 5. L'inducteur 10 est avantageusement, indirectement, générateur de chaleur. L'induction nécessite un champ magnétique générant un courant induit et, donc, un échauffement dans une charge. L'inducteur 10 est positionné sur un support 9. De manière particulièrement avantageuse, le support 9 simplifie la phase de bobinage en cela qu'il sert à la fois à la réalisation de l'inducteur 10 et également à son maintien dans le chauffe-eau 1. Ceci permet d'éviter des phases longues et coûteuses de solidification du bobinage inducteur de façon à assurer sa cohésion mécanique. Le support 9 est monté fixement dans le fourreau 5. De préférence, le support 9 est fixé relativement au fourreau 5 par une seule de ses extrémités située du côté d'une ouverture 7 ; ladite ouverture 7 étant située au travers de l'enveloppe périphérique 3 du chauffe-eau 1, à une des extrémités longitudinales du chauffe-eau 1.The heating device comprises at least one inductor 10 housed in the sleeve 5 and at least one load formed by at least part of the wall 4 of the sleeve 5. The inductor 10 is advantageously, indirectly, a heat generator. Induction requires a magnetic field generating an induced current and, therefore, heating in a load. The inductor 10 is positioned on a support 9. In a particularly advantageous manner, the support 9 simplifies the winding phase in that it serves both to produce the inductor 10 and also to keep it in the heater. water 1. This makes it possible to avoid long and costly phases of solidification of the field coil so as to ensure its mechanical cohesion. The support 9 is fixedly mounted in the sleeve 5. Preferably, the support 9 is fixed relative to the sleeve 5 by only one of its ends located on the side of a opening 7; said opening 7 being located through the peripheral casing 3 of the water heater 1, at one of the longitudinal ends of the water heater 1.

Préférentiellement, la cuve 2 et/ou le fourreau 5 et/ou l'inducteur 10 présentent des formes cylindriques. Selon un autre mode de configuration, le fourreau 5 et l'inducteur 10 présentent des formes parallélépipèdes rectangles. Dans ce dernier cas, la cuve 2 prend, de manière particulièrement avantageuse, une forme parallélépipède rectangle de sorte à offrir un gain de place en utilisation.Preferably, the tank 2 and / or the sleeve 5 and / or the inductor 10 have cylindrical shapes. According to another mode of configuration, the sleeve 5 and the inductor 10 have rectangular parallelepiped shapes. In the latter case, the tank 2 takes, in a particularly advantageous manner, a rectangular parallelepiped shape so as to save space in use.

Le chauffe-eau comprend également un fourreau secondaire 8 dans lequel est logé un capteur de chaleur destiné à contrôler la température à l'intérieur de la cuve 2. Le fourreau secondaire 8 est préférentiellement un fourreau de petit diamètre permettant de recevoir un capteur de température. Il convient de s'assurer que le contact thermique entre le fourreau secondaire 8 et la sonde de température positionnée en son sein est correct. Le fourreau secondaire 8 est de préférence de forme cylindrique. Il s'entend suivant la direction longitudinale du fourreau 5. Le fourreau secondaire 8 est situé à proximité de la paroi 4 externe du fourreau 5 et, par exemple, à moins de 2 centimètres.The water heater also comprises a secondary sleeve 8 in which is housed a heat sensor intended to control the temperature inside the tank 2. The secondary sleeve 8 is preferably a small diameter sleeve making it possible to receive a temperature sensor. . It should be ensured that the thermal contact between the secondary sheath 8 and the temperature probe positioned within it is correct. The secondary sheath 8 is preferably of cylindrical shape. It is understood in the longitudinal direction of the sleeve 5. The secondary sleeve 8 is located near the outer wall 4 of the sleeve 5 and, for example, less than 2 centimeters.

La figure 2 illustre une coupe transversale du fourreau 5 et du fourreau secondaire 8 recevant le capteur de température. La paroi 4 du fourreau 5 est étanche de sorte à éviter l'entrée d'eau dans le dispositif de chauffage. La paroi 4 du fourreau 5 possède une épaisseur, de préférence, comprise entre 0.4 millimètre (mm) et 2.3 millimètres. Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel, la paroi 4 du fourreau 5 est formée d'une tôle d'acier. Avantageusement, le fourreau 5 est émaillé tout comme l'intérieur de la cuve 2 ; l'émail accrochant mieux sur de l'acier décarburé. L'acier décarburé est très magnétique et donc s'avère être une très bonne charge pour un système de chauffe par induction. Il convient de rappeler que la puissance de chauffe se dissipe dans une épaisseur d'environ 0.4 mm (fréquence d'induction de 20 kHz) au regard du système inducteur et donc qu'il est nécessaire que l'épaisseur du fourreau soit d'au moins d'une épaisseur de 0.4 mm. Le fourreau 5 comporte une ouverture d'accès à l'une de ses extrémités, le support 9 étant inséré dans le fourreau 5 par ladite extrémité.The figure 2 illustrates a cross section of the sleeve 5 and of the secondary sleeve 8 receiving the temperature sensor. The wall 4 of the sleeve 5 is sealed so as to prevent water from entering the heating device. The wall 4 of the sleeve 5 has a thickness, preferably, between 0.4 millimeter (mm) and 2.3 millimeters. According to a preferred embodiment, the wall 4 of the sleeve 5 is formed from a steel sheet. Advantageously, the sheath 5 is enameled just like the interior of the tank 2; enamel hangs better on decarbonized steel. Decarburized steel is very magnetic and therefore proves to be a very good load for an induction heating system. It should be remembered that the heating power dissipates in a thickness of approximately 0.4 mm (induction frequency of 20 kHz) with regard to the inductor system and therefore that it is necessary that the thickness of the sheath be at less than a thickness of 0.4 mm. The sleeve 5 has an access opening at one of its ends, the support 9 being inserted into the sleeve 5 by said end.

Le fourreau 5 est solidaire d'une platine 12. La platine 12 coopère avec la cuve 2 et est rapportée sur la cuve 2 de manière à ce que le volume intérieur de l'enveloppe périphérique 3 soit étanche. Le fourreau secondaire 8 est préférentiellement fixé par une de ses extrémités longitudinales sur la platine 12 avant d'être inséré dans la cuve 2. Le fourreau secondaire 8 est un tube soudé sur la même platine 12 que le fourreau 5 et est émaillé comme ledit fourreau 5. La platine 12 a ici la forme d'un disque. La platine 12 est fixée sur la paroi externe de la cuve 2 par l'intermédiaire d'un joint d'étanchéité et de moyens de fixation. Avantageusement le fourreau 5 comprend une base 11 fixée à l'une de ses extrémités longitudinales. La base 11 est de préférence de la forme d'un disque ou d'un carré.The sleeve 5 is integral with a plate 12. The plate 12 cooperates with the tank 2 and is attached to the tank 2 so that the internal volume of the peripheral casing 3 is sealed. The secondary sleeve 8 is preferably fixed by one of its longitudinal ends on the plate 12 before being inserted into the tank 2. The secondary sleeve 8 is a tube welded to the same plate 12 as the sleeve. 5 and is enamelled like said sheath 5. The plate 12 here has the shape of a disc. The plate 12 is fixed to the outer wall of the tank 2 by means of a seal and fixing means. Advantageously, the sheath 5 comprises a base 11 fixed to one of its longitudinal ends. The base 11 is preferably in the form of a disc or a square.

De manière particulièrement avantageuse, la platine 12 comprenant le fourreau 5 et le fourreau secondaire 8 peut être retirée du chauffe-eau 1 par un simple retrait des moyens de fixation. A titre exceptionnel, le dispositif de chauffage peut être contrôlé, vérifié, voire changé sans ouvrir donc sans avoir à vidanger la cuve 2.Particularly advantageously, the plate 12 comprising the sleeve 5 and the secondary sleeve 8 can be removed from the water heater 1 by simply removing the fixing means. Exceptionally, the heating device can be checked, checked, or even changed without opening, therefore without having to empty the tank 2.

La figure 3 illustre une coupe transversale de l'intérieur du fourreau 5. L'inducteur 10 comporte un bobinage 22 formé sur le support 9. Le support 9 comporte une surface externe latérale pourvue d'une portion de bobinage 15 et d'une portion de calage. La portion de bobinage 15 est en retrait relativement à la portion de calage. La portion de calage comprend une surface d'appui 13, 14 sur la face interne du fourreau 5. La surface d'appui 13, 14 comporte deux portions situées de part et d'autre de la portion de bobinage 22 suivant une direction longitudinale du fourreau 5. Le retrait 17 de la portion de bobinage 15 relativement à la portion de calage est supérieur à l'épaisseur du bobinage 22. L'espace 16 séparant le bobinage 22 et la face interne de la paroi 4 du fourreau 5 est, de préférence, inférieur à 2 millimètres et, avantageusement, inférieure à 1 millimètre. De manière surprenante, il est avantageux que l'inducteur 10 soit placé à proximité du fourreau 5. Cela favorise une concentration de l'échauffement sur une portion seulement de l'épaisseur du fourreau 5. Il convient de noter que, de manière surprenante, l'homme de métier a tendance à éloigner les bobinages de type inducteur des éléments chauffés. En effet, comme leur nom l'indique, les éléments chauffés chauffent et ont tendance à provoquer l'échauffement des systèmes inducteurs s'ils sont placés trop près. Or, les bobinages 22 inducteurs sont en général isolés par des vernis organiques dont les plus performants ne supportent pas des températures supérieures à 220°C. Dans la présente invention, on vient avantageusement chauffer la paroi 4 interne (d'une épaisseur par exemple de 0,4 mm) du fourreau 5 qui s'échauffe. Or, le fourreau 5 est plongé dans l'eau avec qui il échange sa chaleur. Pendant la phase de chauffe, la température du fourreau 5 est donc toujours supérieure à la température de l'eau pour que l'échange thermique se fasse, mais la différence de température reste faible, par exemple 30°C pour une puissance injectée de 1800 Watts (W). De ce fait, si la température maximum de l'eau à chauffer est 65°C, le fourreau 5 atteint au maximum 95°C et le fourreau 5 peut alors être considéré comme une zone froide pour le bobinage 22 inducteur. Il est alors avantageux de rapprocher le bobinage 22 inducteur du fourreau 5 de façon à le refroidir. Ce rapprochement est également avantageux pour sa construction car on augmente alors le couplage à la charge et donc le système inducteur 10 a besoin de moins d'ampères tours pour fonctionner correctement avec son onduleur associé, ce qui augmente le rendement de l'ensemble et diminue ainsi le coût. A noter enfin qu'il peut être nécessaire d'interposer un isolant électrique supplémentaire autour du bobinage 22 dans le cas où la distance, entre le bobinage 22 et le fourreau 5 relié à la terre, devient faible.The figure 3 illustrates a cross section of the interior of the sleeve 5. The inductor 10 comprises a coil 22 formed on the support 9. The support 9 comprises a lateral outer surface provided with a coil portion 15 and a wedging portion. The winding portion 15 is set back relative to the wedging portion. The wedging portion comprises a bearing surface 13, 14 on the internal face of the sleeve 5. The bearing surface 13, 14 comprises two portions located on either side of the winding portion 22 in a longitudinal direction of the sleeve 5. The recess 17 of the winding portion 15 relative to the wedging portion is greater than the thickness of the winding 22. The space 16 separating the winding 22 and the internal face of the wall 4 of the sleeve 5 is, of preferably, less than 2 millimeters and, advantageously, less than 1 millimeter. Surprisingly, it is advantageous for the inductor 10 to be placed near the sleeve 5. This favors a concentration of the heating over only a portion of the thickness of the sleeve 5. It should be noted that, surprisingly, those skilled in the art tend to move the inductor type coils away from the heated elements. This is because, as the name suggests, the heated elements heat up and tend to cause the inductor systems to heat up if they are placed too close. However, the inductor windings 22 are generally insulated by organic varnishes, the most efficient of which do not withstand temperatures above 220 ° C. In the present invention, the internal wall 4 (for example 0.4 mm thick) of the sleeve 5 is advantageously heated, which heats up. However, the sleeve 5 is immersed in water with which it exchanges its heat. During the heating phase, the temperature of the sleeve 5 is therefore always higher than the temperature of the water so that the heat exchange takes place, but the temperature difference remains low, for example 30 ° C for an injected power of 1800 Watts (W). Therefore, if the maximum water temperature to be heated is 65 ° C, the sleeve 5 reaches a maximum of 95 ° C and the sleeve 5 can then be considered as a cold zone for the inductor coil 22. It is then advantageous to bring the inductor coil 22 closer to the sleeve 5 so as to cool it. This approximation is also advantageous for its construction because the coupling to the load is then increased and therefore the inductor system 10 needs fewer ampere turns to operate correctly with its associated inverter, which increases the efficiency of the assembly and decreases. thus the cost. Finally, it should be noted that it may be necessary to interpose an additional electrical insulator around the coil 22 in the event that the distance between the coil 22 and the sheath 5 connected to earth becomes small.

La surface d'appui 13 et la face interne du fourreau 5 sont agencées en ajustement glissant. De manière particulièrement avantageuse, lors de l'insertion du support 9 dans le fourreau 5 et en utilisation, la surface d'appui 13 évite au bobinage de venir en contact avec la face interne de la paroi 4 du fourreau 5. Avantageusement, le diamètre de la surface d'appui 13 supérieur au diamètre de la portion de bobinage 15, permet, d'une part, de protéger le bobinage 22 et, d'autre part, de contrôler le jeu d'insertion du support 9 comprenant le bobinage 22 dans le fourreau 5.The bearing surface 13 and the internal face of the sleeve 5 are arranged in a sliding fit. Particularly advantageously, during the insertion of the support 9 into the sleeve 5 and in use, the bearing surface 13 prevents the winding from coming into contact with the internal face of the wall 4 of the sleeve 5. Advantageously, the diameter of the bearing surface 13 greater than the diameter of the winding portion 15, allows, on the one hand, to protect the winding 22 and, on the other hand, to control the insertion clearance of the support 9 comprising the winding 22 in the scabbard 5.

La figure 4 illustre une vue du support 9. Le support 9 se présente préférentiellement sous la forme d'un tube creux. De manière particulièrement avantageuse, le support 9 est configuré de sorte à coopérer avec la forme de la paroi 4 interne du fourreau 5. Une première extrémité longitudinale du support 9 comprend une première portion de calage comportant une base 11, une surface d'appui 13, 14 et au moins une fente 19 de retenue de fil de bobinage 22. Une deuxième extrémité longitudinale du support 9, opposée à la première, comprend une surface d'appui 13, 14 et au moins une fente 19, 20 de retenue de fil de bobinage 22. La surface d'appui 13, 14 comporte, de manière particulièrement avantageuse, une pluralité de sommets de créneaux formés sur une portion annulaire de la portion de calage. Préférentiellement, les créneaux permettent un équilibre du support 9 au sein du fourreau 5. Ils limitent aussi les phénomènes d'hyperstatisme lors de l'insertion. Les créneaux permettent avantageusement une simplification du bobinage 22. Selon un mode de configuration où le fourreau 5 est de forme parallélépipède rectangle, on utilisera de préférence un bobinage 22 d'inducteur de type Pan Cake, sans recourir à l'utilisation d'un support 9.The figure 4 illustrates a view of the support 9. The support 9 is preferably in the form of a hollow tube. Particularly advantageously, the support 9 is configured so as to cooperate with the shape of the internal wall 4 of the sheath 5. A first longitudinal end of the support 9 comprises a first wedging portion comprising a base 11, a bearing surface 13 , 14 and at least one slit 19 for retaining the winding wire 22. A second longitudinal end of the support 9, opposite the first, comprises a bearing surface 13, 14 and at least one slit 19, 20 for retaining the wire winding 22. The bearing surface 13, 14 comprises, in a particularly advantageous manner, a plurality of crenellated peaks formed on an annular portion of the wedging portion. Preferably, the crenellations allow a balance of the support 9 within the sheath 5. They also limit the phenomena of hyperstatism during insertion. The crenellations advantageously allow a simplification of the winding 22. According to a configuration mode where the sleeve 5 is of rectangular parallelepiped shape, an inductor winding 22 of the Pan Cake type will preferably be used, without resorting to the use of a support. 9.

Avantageusement, la paroi du support 9 est ajourée de sorte à favoriser un transfert de chaleur au sein du fourreau 5, minimiser le poids du support 9 et donc son coût. A titre préféré, le support 9 est formé de matériaux résistants aux hautes températures tels que les matières plastiques (par exemple, BMC « Bulk Molding Compound » comprenant de la résine Polyester ou le Vinylester) renforcées par des fibres de verre. En position, le support 9 s'étend suivant la direction longitudinale du fourreau 5. Le support 9 est avantageusement creux et son centre peut autoriser le passage du fil 21 de bobinage 22.Advantageously, the wall of the support 9 is perforated so as to promote heat transfer within the sleeve 5, minimize the weight of the support 9 and therefore its cost. Preferably, the support 9 is formed of materials resistant to high temperatures such as plastics (for example, BMC “Bulk Molding Compound” comprising Polyester resin or the Vinylester) reinforced with glass fibers. In position, the support 9 extends in the longitudinal direction of the sheath 5. The support 9 is advantageously hollow and its center can allow the passage of the winding wire 21 22.

La figure 5 est une représentation schématique d'une vue en perspective de dessous du support 9. Le bobinage 22 s'étend suivant la direction longitudinale du fourreau 5 de sorte à ce que la chauffe s'effectue de manière homogène et uniforme le long de la paroi 4 interne du fourreau 5.The figure 5 is a schematic representation of a perspective view from below of the support 9. The coil 22 extends in the longitudinal direction of the sleeve 5 so that the heating takes place in a homogeneous and uniform manner along the wall 4 inner sleeve 5.

Le support 9 sert de support de bobinage 22. Pour « bobiner », on insère le fil 21 de bobinage 22 à l'intérieur du support 9 et l'on vient le sertir vers l'extrémité de la base 11. On tend alors le fil 21 et on le fait passer par un créneau de la surface d'appui 13 située à une des extrémités du support 9. Le support 9 peut alors être fixé sur la bobineuse (semblable à un tour) et le fil 21 de bobinage 22 qui est passé par le créneau de la surface d'appui 13 du support 9 se trouve alors immédiatement à la bonne place pour commencer le bobinage. A la fin du bobinage, le fil est coupé et passé au travers des fentes 20 ou encoches de maintien jusqu'à atteindre la surface d'appui 14 située à l'autre extrémité du support 9. Avantageusement, le support 9 comprend plusieurs fentes 20 car il est prévu différentes versions d'inducteurs suivant la puissance demandée. Les encoches ou fentes 20 servent à bloquer le fil 21 de bobinage 22 qui est ensuite repassé au centre du support 9 pour rejoindre le fil 21 de départ, mais diamétralement opposé. Les deux fils 21 sont connectés sur leurs connecteurs respectifs solidaires de la base 11.The support 9 serves as a winding support 22. To “wind”, the winding wire 21 22 is inserted inside the support 9 and it is crimped towards the end of the base 11. The cable is then stretched. wire 21 and it is passed through a slot of the support surface 13 located at one end of the support 9. The support 9 can then be fixed on the winder (similar to a turn) and the winding wire 21 22 which passed through the slot of the bearing surface 13 of the support 9 is then immediately in the right place to start the winding. At the end of the winding, the wire is cut and passed through the slots 20 or retaining notches until it reaches the bearing surface 14 located at the other end of the support 9. Advantageously, the support 9 comprises several slots 20. because different versions of inductors are provided depending on the power required. The notches or slots 20 serve to block the winding wire 21 22 which is then passed back to the center of the support 9 to join the starting wire 21, but diametrically opposed. The two wires 21 are connected to their respective connectors secured to the base 11.

Avantageusement, le fil 21 de bobinage 22 est enroulé autour du support 9 depuis une première portion de surface d'appui 13, 14, située à une première extrémité du support 9 jusqu'à une deuxième portion de surface d'appui 13, 14 située à une deuxième extrémité du support 9. Le bobinage 22 est avantageusement retenu, de part et d'autre du support 9, par les fentes 19, 20 disposées aux extrémités longitudinales du support 9. Le fil 21 de bobinage 22 est configuré de sorte à ce que, à l'issue de l'enroulement du fil 21 autour du support 9, les deux extrémités du fil 21 passent au travers des fentes 20 situées sur la base 11 et se rejoignent à l'extrémité du support 9 sur laquelle est fixée la base 11. L'entrée et la sortie du bobinage 22 sont connectées de manière diamétralement opposée. Les deux extrémités du fil 21 de bobinage 22 seront préférentiellement connectées aux bornes d'entrée et de sortie d'alimentation de sorte à permettre le fonctionnement de l'inducteur 10 logé dans le fourreau 5. Préférentiellement, grâce aux fentes 20, le bobinage 22 est formé d'un fil standard qui ne nécessite pas d'être équipé d'une surcouche thermo-adhérente ; le maintien du bobinage 22 étant avantageusement uniquement mécanique sur le support 9. Selon un exemple de réalisation, le bobinage 22 est configuré de sorte à ce que la bobine présente une impédance de résistance 1.8 Ohm et d'inductance 50 µH, pour une fréquence de 20 kHz. Le bobinage 22 est alors, par exemple, réalisé par 16 brins de cuivre de 0.4 mm de diamètre bobinés en fil de Litz, permettant de former un bobinage de diamètre externe 46mm, pour une longueur de 270 mm et un poids de 350 g. La bobine, ainsi formée, est alors connectée à un onduleur résonant de type demi-pont, par exemple. On notera que sur un principe identique, le système inducteur peut être optimisé pour travailler avec différents schémas de générateurs dont des générateurs plus simples désignés « mono-switchs », par exemple, qui pourraient être utilisés pour certaines gammes de puissances.Advantageously, the winding wire 21 22 is wound around the support 9 from a first support surface portion 13, 14, located at a first end of the support 9 to a second support surface portion 13, 14 located at a second end of the support 9. The winding 22 is advantageously retained, on either side of the support 9, by the slots 19, 20 arranged at the longitudinal ends of the support 9. The winding wire 21 22 is configured so as to that, at the end of the winding of the wire 21 around the support 9, the two ends of the wire 21 pass through the slots 20 located on the base 11 and meet at the end of the support 9 on which is fixed the base 11. The input and the output of the coil 22 are connected in a diametrically opposed manner. The two ends of the winding wire 21 22 will preferably be connected to the input and output terminals of the power supply. so as to allow the operation of the inductor 10 housed in the sheath 5. Preferably, thanks to the slots 20, the coil 22 is formed from a standard wire which does not need to be fitted with a thermo-adhesive overlayer; the maintenance of the coil 22 being advantageously only mechanical on the support 9. According to an exemplary embodiment, the coil 22 is configured so that the coil has an impedance with a resistance of 1.8 Ohm and an inductance of 50 μH, for a frequency of 20 kHz. The winding 22 is then, for example, produced by 16 copper strands 0.4 mm in diameter wound in Litz wire, making it possible to form a winding with an external diameter of 46 mm, for a length of 270 mm and a weight of 350 g. The coil, thus formed, is then connected to a resonant inverter of the half-bridge type, for example. It will be noted that on an identical principle, the inductor system can be optimized to work with different generator schemes including simpler generators designated “mono-switches”, for example, which could be used for certain power ranges.

Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel, le fourreau 5 comprend plusieurs inducteurs 10 positionnés sur le même support 9, à différentes hauteurs. Avantageusement, la dissociation de plusieurs inducteurs 10 permet de chauffer de manière sélective l'eau de la cuve 2 du chauffe-eau 1. Selon un premier mode de configuration, on pourra choisir de chauffer l'intégralité de l'eau de la cuve 2. Selon un autre mode de configuration, on choisira de ne chauffer seulement l'eau située dans la partie haute, ou encore un volume d'eau définit correspondant à une position du système inducteur dans la cuve 2. Ce principe repose sur l'effet de stratification, c'est-à-dire la formation de couches d'eau plus ou moins chaude suivant que l'on monte vers le haut du chauffe-eau 1. L'intérêt est que l'on peut optimiser la production d'eau chaude en tirant l'eau chaude dans le haut de la cuve 2 tout en permettant l'arrivée d'eau froide dans le bas de la cuve 2. On obtient ainsi plus d'eau chaude que si l'on brassait l'eau chaude et l'eau froide dans la cuve 2. Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel, le fourreau 5 est configuré de sorte à posséder la même hauteur que la hauteur de la cuve, selon une direction verticale lorsque le dispositif est en position. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le système inducteur 10 est amovible dans le fourreau 5 de manière à pouvoir être positionné en haut, au milieu ou en bas, voire à toutes les positions intermédiaires de la cuve 2. Dans le cas où l'inducteur 1 est positionné dans le bas de la cuve 2, on chauffe l'intégralité de la cuve 2. Dans le cas où l'inducteur est positionné au milieu de la cuve 2, on chauffe alors principalement la moitié de la cuve 2 en faisant particulièrement attention à la stratification. Dans le cas où l'inducteur est positionné en haut de la cuve 2, on ne chauffe qu'une partie réduite de la cuve 2. A titre préféré, le fourreau 5 comprend 3 inducteurs situés respectivement dans la partie haute, dans la partie centrale et dans la partie basse du fourreau 5, de manière à chauffer simultanément ou alternativement différentes zones d'eau dans la cuve 2. Cela pourrait permettre une certaine modularité de volume d'eau chaude. Le déplacement de l'inducteur peut être physique, manuel ou motorisé ou alors, on pourrait prévoir plusieurs inducteurs et les alimenter suivant le besoin.According to a preferred embodiment, the sleeve 5 comprises several inductors 10 positioned on the same support 9, at different heights. Advantageously, the dissociation of several inductors 10 makes it possible to selectively heat the water in tank 2 of water heater 1. According to a first configuration mode, it is possible to choose to heat all of the water in tank 2. According to another configuration mode, we will choose to heat only the water located in the upper part, or even a defined volume of water corresponding to a position of the inductor system in the tank 2. This principle is based on the effect. stratification, that is to say the formation of layers of more or less hot water depending on whether one goes up to the top of the water heater 1. The advantage is that one can optimize the production of hot water by drawing hot water from the top of tank 2 while allowing cold water to enter the bottom of tank 2. This gives more hot water than if the water was stirred hot and cold water in the tank 2. According to a preferred embodiment, the sleeve 5 is configured so as to have the m same height as the height of the tank, in a vertical direction when the device is in position. According to another embodiment, the inductor system 10 is removable in the sleeve 5 so as to be able to be positioned at the top, in the middle or at the bottom, or even at all the intermediate positions of the tank 2. In the case where the inductor 1 is positioned at the bottom of the tank 2, the entire tank 2 is heated. In the case where the inductor is positioned in the middle of the tank 2, then mainly half of the tank 2 is heated, with particular pay attention to the layering. In the case where the inductor is positioned at the top of the tank 2, only a small part of the tank 2 is heated. Preferably, the sleeve 5 comprises 3 inductors located respectively in the upper part, in the central part and in the lower part of the sleeve 5, so as to simultaneously or alternately heat different zones of water in the tank 2. This could allow a certain modularity of the volume of hot water. The displacement of the inductor can be physical, manual or motorized or else, it is possible to provide several inductors and supply them as needed.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la paroi 4 du fourreau 5 comporte deux couches : une première couche inerte au champ magnétique réalisant l'étanchéité et une deuxième couche permettant la chauffe par induction. Le champ magnétique n'a pas d'effet sur des matériaux non magnétiques et non conducteurs tels que le plastique, les composites isolants, le verre, la céramique. On pourrait donc envisager une première couche de la paroi 4 du fourreau 5 faisant office d'étanchéité à l'intérieur de laquelle serait logé le système inducteur 10 ; ladite première couche de la paroi 4 du fourreau 5 serait réalisée en matériaux non magnétiques et non conducteurs. Une deuxième couche, de préférence de forme cylindrique, pourrait être positionnée autour de la première couche et servirait de charge au système à induction. L'intérêt serait que cette charge (soit la deuxième couche de la paroi 4 du fourreau 5) serait immergée et donc qu'elle échangerait sa température sur ses deux faces opposées. Cette charge pourrait avantageusement être mobile ce qui pourrait mécaniquement aider au détartrage. Cette charge n'ayant plus la contrainte de résister à la pression pourrait être en un matériau plus fin, supérieur à l'épaisseur de peau à 20 kHz, soit d'une épaisseur minimum de 0.5 mm. Selon un mode de configuration, cette charge pourrait être en matériaux à bas point de Curie de façon à naturellement limiter son échauffement. Il serait avantageusement possible de transférer de l'énergie inductive dans la cuve 2, de façon complètement sécurisée puisqu'isolée galvaniquement. Une partie de l'inducteur 10 pourrait être placée dans le fourreau 5 pour chauffer une charge cylindrique en regard, placée dans la cuve 2, et garder une partie du bobinage 22 visible afin de pouvoir coupler une bobine positionnée dans la cuve 2, qui pourrait servir à alimenter un dispositif immergé pouvant, par exemple, concerner des dispositifs anti-corrosion ou anti-calcaire, voire des dispositifs électroniques quelconques.According to one embodiment, the wall 4 of the sheath 5 comprises two layers: a first layer inert to the magnetic field providing the seal and a second layer allowing heating by induction. The magnetic field has no effect on non-magnetic and non-conductive materials such as plastic, insulating composites, glass, ceramics. It would therefore be possible to envisage a first layer of the wall 4 of the sheath 5 acting as a seal inside which the inductor system 10 would be housed; said first layer of the wall 4 of the sheath 5 would be made of non-magnetic and non-conductive materials. A second layer, preferably cylindrical in shape, could be positioned around the first layer and would serve as a load for the induction system. The advantage would be that this load (ie the second layer of the wall 4 of the sleeve 5) would be immersed and therefore that it would exchange its temperature on its two opposite faces. This load could advantageously be mobile, which could mechanically assist in descaling. This load no longer having the constraint of resisting the pressure could be made of a thinner material, greater than the skin thickness at 20 kHz, or a minimum thickness of 0.5 mm. According to one configuration mode, this load could be made of materials with a low Curie point so as to naturally limit its heating. It would advantageously be possible to transfer inductive energy into tank 2, in a completely secure manner since it is galvanically isolated. A part of the inductor 10 could be placed in the sleeve 5 to heat a facing cylindrical load, placed in the tank 2, and keep a part of the winding 22 visible in order to be able to couple a coil positioned in the tank 2, which could be used to power an immersed device which may, for example, relate to anti-corrosion or anti-limescale devices, or even any electronic devices.

La présente invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation précédemment décrits mais s'étend à tout mode de réalisation couvert par les revendications.The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above but extends to any embodiment covered by the claims.

REFERENCESREFERENCES

1.1.
Chauffe-eauWater heater
2.2.
CuveTank
3.3.
Enveloppe périphériquePeripheral envelope
4.4.
Paroi du fourreauScabbard wall
5.5.
FourreauScabbard
6a, 6b.6a, 6b.
EmbouchureMouth
7.7.
OuvertureOpening
8.8.
Fourreau secondaireSecondary scabbard
9.9.
SupportSupport
10.10.
InducteurInductor
11.11.
BaseBased
12.12.
PlatinePlatinum
13, 14.13, 14.
Surface d'appuiBearing surface
15.15.
Portion de bobinageWinding portion
16.16.
EspaceSpace
17.17.
RetraitWithdrawal
19, 20.19, 20.
FenteSlot
21.21.
FilWire
22.22.
BobinageWinding

Claims (15)

  1. Water heater (1) comprising:
    - a tank (2) delimited by a peripheral jacket (3) and the wall (4) of a leaktight sheath (5) plunging into the internal volume of the peripheral jacket (3), said peripheral jacket (3) and said sheath (5) defining a closed volume;
    - an electric heating device including:
    - at least one inductor (10) housed in the sheath (5) and at least one inductive load formed by at least a part of the wall (4) of the sheath (5), said inductor (10) being configured to generate an induced current and heating in the load;
    - an inductor supporting member (9), the inductor (10) including at least one winding portion (15) formed on the supporting member (9), the supporting member (9) being fixedly mounted in the sheath (5), the water heater being characterised in that the tank (2) is a water accumulator tank and in that the sheath (5) includes an opening for access to one of the ends thereof, the supporting member (9) being inserted into the sheath (5) via said end.
  2. Water heater (1) according to the preceding claim wherein the supporting member (9) includes at least one spacer member configured to keep a space (16) between the winding (22) and the internal face of the wall (4) of the sheath (5).
  3. Water heater (1) according to the preceding claim wherein the space (16) separating the winding (22) and the internal face of the wall (4) of the sheath (5) is less than 5 millimetres, and preferably less than 1 millimetre.
  4. Water heater (1) according one of the two preceding claims wherein the supporting member (9) includes a lateral external surface provided with a winding portion (15) and a fixing portion, the winding portion (15) being recessed relative to the fixing portion, the fixing portion comprising a bearing surface (13, 14) on an internal face of the sheath (5), the recess of the winding portion (15) relative to the fixing portion being greater than the thickness of the winding (22).
  5. Water heater (1) according to the preceding claim wherein the bearing surface (13, 14) and the internal face of the wall (4) of the sheath (5) are arranged in a sliding fit.
  6. Water heater (1) according to one of the two preceding claims wherein the bearing surface (13, 14) includes a plurality of vertices of slots formed on an annular portion of the fixing portion.
  7. Water heater (1) according to one of the three preceding claims wherein the bearing surface (13, 14) includes two portions located on either side of the winding portion (15) along a longitudinal direction of the sheath (5).
  8. Water heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims wherein the supporting member (9) comprises a magnetic circuit.
  9. Water heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims wherein the supporting member (9) is hollow.
  10. Water heater (1) according to the preceding claim wherein the wall of the supporting member (9) is open-worked.
  11. Water heater (1) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the tank (2) comprises an opening (7), the water heater being configured such that the sheath (5) can be inserted into the tank through said opening (7).
  12. Water heater according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the sheath comprises a plurality of layers, at least one of the layers is configured to seal the inside of the sheath (5) with respect to the outside of the sheath (5), and at least one further layer of said plurality is configured to partially, and preferably entirely, form said load.
  13. Water heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims wherein the sheath (5) is electrically insulated from the tank (2).
  14. Water heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims wherein the wall (4) of the sheath (5) has a thickness less than 2 millimetres, preferably less than 1 millimetre.
  15. Water heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims wherein the tank (2) has a capacity greater than 10 litres.
EP14747012.4A 2013-08-09 2014-07-31 Water heater Active EP3030845B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1357937A FR3009610B1 (en) 2013-08-09 2013-08-09 WATER HEATER
PCT/EP2014/066493 WO2015018734A1 (en) 2013-08-09 2014-07-31 Water heater

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CN105612393A (en) 2016-05-25
FR3009610A1 (en) 2015-02-13
EP3030845A1 (en) 2016-06-15
WO2015018734A1 (en) 2015-02-12
FR3009610B1 (en) 2018-11-23
US20160195301A1 (en) 2016-07-07

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