EP3028320A1 - Elektrooptische vorrichtung und deren verwendung - Google Patents
Elektrooptische vorrichtung und deren verwendungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3028320A1 EP3028320A1 EP14739043.9A EP14739043A EP3028320A1 EP 3028320 A1 EP3028320 A1 EP 3028320A1 EP 14739043 A EP14739043 A EP 14739043A EP 3028320 A1 EP3028320 A1 EP 3028320A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
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- electro
- optical device
- substituted
- structural units
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- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
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- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
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- C08G2261/31—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating aromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/314—Condensed aromatic systems, e.g. perylene, anthracene or pyrene
- C08G2261/3142—Condensed aromatic systems, e.g. perylene, anthracene or pyrene fluorene-based, e.g. fluorene, indenofluorene, or spirobifluorene
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- C08G2261/31—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating aromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/316—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating aromatic structural elements in the main chain bridged by heteroatoms, e.g. N, P, Si or B
- C08G2261/3162—Arylamines
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- C08G2261/34—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating partially-aromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/342—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating partially-aromatic structural elements in the main chain containing only carbon atoms
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel design principle for organic electro-optical devices, in particular for electroluminescent elements, and their use in based on displays and lighting means.
- light-sensitive organic materials e.g., phthalocyanines
- organic charge transport materials e.g., triarylamine-based hole transport materials
- OLED organic light-emitting diodes
- Conjugated polymers are currently being studied intensively as promising materials for polymeric OLED, so-called PLED.
- Their simple processing in contrast to evaporated small-molecule devices (“SMOLED"), promises a more cost-effective production of organic light-emitting diodes through the use of interlayers, so-called interlayers, in a layer structure, as for example in WO 04/084260
- interlayers in a layer structure, as for example in WO 04/084260
- the lifetime and efficiency of PLED have been significantly increased, and these interlayers are deposited between the anode and the layer of light-emitting polymers, and their function is to inject and transport holes, that is, positively charged carriers, into the light-emitting polymer to facilitate and to block electrons at the interface between the intermediate layer and the layer of light-emitting polymer
- Interlayers consist of polymers with a high proportion of hole-transporting units linked by a conjugated backbone. These polymers also block the transport of electrons at the same time.
- Electro-optical devices constructed using such intermediate layers although showing distinct advantages in terms of life, compared to arrangements without such intermediate layers. durability and efficiency, but both characteristics still lag far behind the requirements that would be required for use in large displays.
- the known systems of this type therefore have particular defects in terms of life. In addition, these systems show an intolerable voltage increase during operation.
- Interlayers used are polymers that are copolymerized with electron conductors. This goes significantly beyond the prior art, since an electron blocking effect, which was considered to be an essential function of intermediate layers, is no longer present here.
- the present invention has the object to provide an electro-optical device that can be produced with simple application methods from solution and has a longer life compared to known devices.
- the subject of the present invention is thus an electro-optical device containing
- At least one emitter layer which is arranged between anode and cathode, containing at least one semiconducting, organic material, and
- At least one intermediate layer which is arranged between the at least one emitter layer and the anode, and which contains a polymer with hole-conducting structural units, which is characterized in that the polymer with hole-conducting
- Structural units additionally structural units having electron-conducting properties.
- the copolymers which form the intermediate layer must have hole-conducting properties and at the same time electron-conducting properties. This property profile can be generated by selecting suitable structural units that make up the copolymer.
- the structural units having electron conducting properties are selected to have a LUMO ("Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital") lower than the LUMO of the semiconducting organic material of the emitter layer, which is the case with the conventionally used emitter materials when the LUMO is the Structural units with electron-conducting properties is less than -2.3 eV
- the LUMO of the electron-conducting structural unit of the intermediate layer is less than -2.4 eV, particularly preferably less than -2.5 eV and in particular less than -2.6 eV.
- the LUMO of the electron-conducting structural unit of the intermediate layer is preferably more than 0.1 eV, more preferably more than 0.15 eV, and in particular more than 0.2 eV lower than the LUMO of the at least one semiconducting organic material of the emitter layer.
- HOMO Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital
- LUMO Low Unoccupied Molecular Orbital
- photoemission eg XPS (“X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy") and UPS (Ultraviolet Photoelectron
- the energy levels of the molecular orbitals can also be determined by quantum chemical calculation methods, e.g. through the "Density Function Theory” ("DFT").
- DFT Density Function Theory
- ETM electron transport material
- Suitable ETMs are selected from the group consisting of imidazoles, pyridines, pyrimidines, pyridazines, pyrazines, oxadiazoles, quinolines, quinoxalines, anthracenes, benzanthracenes, pyrenes, perylenes, benzimidazoles, triazines, ketones, phosphine oxides, phenazines, phenanthrolines, triarylboranes and their isomers and derivatives.
- ETM moieties are metal chelates of 8-hydroxyquinoline (for example, Liq, Alq 3, Gaq 3, MgQ 2, ZnQ 2, lnq 3, Zrq 4), Balq, 4- Azaphenanthren-5-ol / Be complexes (US 5,529,853 A, for example, formula 7), butadiene derivatives (US 4356429), heterocyclic optical brightener (US 4539507), benzazoles, such as 1, 3,5-tris (2-N-phenylbenzimidazolyl) benzene (TPBI) (US 5766779, formula 8 ), 1,3,5-triazine derivatives (US 6229012 B1, US 6225467 B1, DE 10312675 A1, WO 98/04007 A1 and US 6352791 B1), pyrenes, anthracenes, tetracenes, fluorenes, spirobifluorenes,
- TPBI 1, 3,5-tris (2-N-phen
- the structural units of the formula (1) are particularly preferably fluorene, spirobifluorene or indenofluoro ketones of the formulas (1a), (1b) and (1c),
- R and R 1 to R 8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 50 carbon atoms in the nucleus, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 50 nucleus atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 50 carbon atoms in the nucleus, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 6 to 50 carbon atoms in the nucleus, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 5 to 50 carbon atoms in the nucleus, a substituted or unsubstituted arylthio group having 5 to 50 carbon atoms in the nucleus, a substituted or unsub
- Ring system and r is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.
- ETM structural units are from the group consisting of:
- R represents a hydrogen atom, a C6-C60 aryl group, a pyridyl group, a quinolyl group, a C1-20 alkyl group or a C1-20 alkoxy group; these groups may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more R 2 radicals;
- n is an integer from 0 to 4.
- R 1 represents a C 6-60 aryl group, a pyridyl group, a quinolyl group, a C 1-20 alkyl group or a C 1-20 alkoxy group; where these groups are unsubstituted or with one or more radicals R 2
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, a C 6-60 aryl group, a pyridyl group, a quinolyl group, a C 1-20 alkyl group or a C 1-20 alkoxy group;
- L is a C6-60-arylene group, a pyridinylene group, a quinoiinylene or a fluorenylene group, which groups may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals R 2 and
- Ar 1 represents a C 6-60 aryl group, a pyridinyl group or a quinolinyl group; these groups may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more R 2 radicals. Further preferred are 2.9, 10-substituted anthracenes (with 1- or 2-naphthyl and 4- or 3-biphenyl) or molecules containing two anthracene units, as disclosed, for example, in US 2008/0193796 A1.
- the ETM aterials are selected from heteroaromatic ring systems of the following formulas (3) to (8):
- anthracene benzimidazole derivatives of the formulas (9) to (1) as disclosed, for example, in US Pat. No. 6,878,469 B2, in US 2006/147747 A and in EP 1551206 A1.
- polymers containing an ETM moiety and the corresponding syntheses are as disclosed for triazine as the ETM moiety in US 2003/0170490 A1.
- Copolymers which are preferably used for the intermediate layer comprise structural units having electron-conducting properties which are derived from benzophenone, triazine, imidazole, benzimidazole or perylene units, which may optionally be substituted. Examples of these are benzophenone, aryltriazine, benzoimidazole and diarylperylene units.
- copolymers which contain structural units having electron-conducting properties, which are selected from the structural units of the following formulas (I) to (IV),
- the proportion of the structural units having electron-conducting properties in the hole-conducting polymer which is used in the intermediate layer is preferably in the range from 0.01 to 30 mol%, particularly preferably in the range from 1 to 15 mol%, and in particular in the range from 1 to 4 mol%.
- the hole-conducting properties of the copolymers used in the interlayer are also achieved by the selection of suitable structural units.
- the hole transporting intermediate layer contains at least one repeating unit selected from the group of hole transport materials (HTM), optionally and preferably together with at least one repeating unit which forms the backbone.
- any HTM known to the person skilled in the art can be used as repeating unit in the polymer according to the invention.
- HTM is preferably selected from amines, triarylamines,
- the HTM is more preferably selected from amines, triarylamines, thiophenes, carbazoles, phthalocyanines and porphyrins.
- Suitable HTM units are phenylenediamine derivatives (US 3615404), arylamine derivatives (US 3567450), amino-substituted chalcone derivatives (US 3526501), styrylanthracene derivatives (JP A 56-46234), polycyclic aromatic compounds (EP 1009041), polyarylalkane derivatives (US 3615402), fluorenone derivatives (JP A 54-110837), hydrazone derivatives (US 3717462), stilbene derivatives (JP A 61-210363), silazane derivatives (US 4950950), polysilanes (JP A 2-204996), aniline copolymers (JP A 2-282263), thiophene oligomeric, polythiophenes, PVK, polypyrroles, polyanilines and other copolymers, porphyrin compounds (JP A 63-2956965), aromatic dimethylidene-type compounds, carbazole compounds such as CDBP, CBP,
- Amine units contain (US 4720432 and US 5061569), such. 4,4'-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (NPD) (US 5061569) or
- HTM units are, for example, triarylamine, benzidine, tetraaryl-para-phenylenediamine, carbazole, azulenes, thiophene-pyrrole and furan derivatives, and also O, S or N-containing heterocycles
- Ar 1 which may be the same or different, independently when in different repeating units, represents a single bond or an optionally substituted mononuclear or polynuclear aryl group
- Ar 2 which may be the same or different, independently, if in different repeating units, an optionally substituted mononuclear one or polynuclear aryl group mean
- Ar 3 which may be the same or different, independently when in different repeating units, represents an optionally substituted mononuclear or polynuclear aryl group, and
- n 1, 2 or 3.
- Particularly preferred units of formula (18) are units of the following formulas (19) to (21),
- R which can be identical or different on each occasion, from H, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic group, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkoxy group, aralkyl group, aryloxy group, arylthio group, alkoxycarbonyl group, silyl group,
- Carboxy group a halogen atom, cyano group, nitro group or hydroxy group is selected,
- r 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 and
- s 0, 2, 3, 4 or 5.
- Another preferred interlayer polymer contains at least one repeating unit of the following formula (22)
- T 1 and T 2 are independently selected from thiophene, selenophene, thieno [2,3b] thiophene, thieno [3,2b] thiophene, dithienothiophene, pyrrole, aniline, all of which are optionally substituted with R 9 ,
- Ar 4 and Ar 5 are independently mononuclear or polynuclear aryl or heteroaryl, which is optionally substituted and given if appropriate fused to the 2,3-positions of one or both of the adjacent thiophene or selenophen groups,
- c and e independently represent 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein
- d and f are independently 0, 2, 3 or 4.
- the groups T and T 2 are preferably selected from thiophene-2,5-diyl,
- hole-transporting interlayer polymers are disclosed in WO 2007/131582 A1 and in WO 2008/009343 A1.
- the proportion of the structural units having hole-conducting properties in the hole-conducting polymer which is used in the intermediate layer is preferably in the range from 10 to 99 mol%, particularly preferably in the range from 20 to 80 mol%, and in particular in the range from 40 to 60 mol%.
- the polymers according to the invention contain as
- These are preferably 4,5-dihydropyrene derivatives, 4,5,9,10-tetrahydropyrene derivatives, fluorene derivatives, such as in US 5962631, in WO 2006/052457 A2 and WO 2006/118345 A1 discloses 9.9 * - spirobifluorene derivatives, as disclosed, for example, in WO 2003/020790 A1, 9,10-phenanthrene derivatives, for example in WO 2005 / 104264 A1, discloses 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene derivatives, as disclosed, for example, in WO 2005/014689 A2, 5,7-dihydrodibenzooxepin derivatives and cis- and trans-
- Indenofluorene derivatives e.g. in WO 2004/041901 A1 and in WO 2004/113412 A2
- binaphthylene derivatives such as e.g. in WO 2006/063852 A1
- units such as e.g. in WO 2005/056633 A1, in EP 1344788 A1, in WO 2007/043495 A1, in WO 2005/033174 A1, in WO 2003/099901 A1 and in US Pat
- WO 2006/118345 A1 discloses spirobifluorene derivatives, e.g. in WO 2003/020790 A1 discloses benzofluorene, dibenzofluorene,
- WO 2007/043495 A1 discloses.
- Particularly preferred structural units for repeating units which form the polymer backbone are units of the following formula (23):
- X means halogen
- R ° and R 00 independently of one another denote H or an optionally substituted carbyl or hydrocarbyl group which optionally contains one or more heteroatoms,
- each g is independently 0 or 1 and the corresponding h in the same subunit is for the other of 0 or 1,
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are independently mono- or polynuclear aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted and optionally fused to the 7,8-positions or 8,9-positions of the indenofluorene group, and
- a and b independently represent 0 or 1.
- R 11 and R 2 form a spiro group with the fluorene group to which they are attached, these are preferably spirobifluorene.
- the units of formula (23) are preferably selected from the following formulas (24) to (28): -20-
- Particularly preferred units of the formula (23) are units of the following formulas (29) to (32):
- L is H, halogen or optionally fluorinated, linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 12 C atoms and preferably H, F, methyl, i-propyl, t-butyl, n-pentoxy or trifluoromethyl and
- L ' is optionally fluorinated, linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 12 C atoms and preferably n-octyl or n-octyloxy.
- the interlayer polymer according to the present invention is a non-conjugated or partially conjugated polymer.
- a particularly preferred non-conjugated or partially conjugated interlayer polymer contains a non-conjugated backbone repeat unit.
- a preferred unconjugated backbone repeat unit is a unit of an indenofluorene derivative of formulas (33) and (34), such as e.g. disclosed in WO 2010/136110,
- X and Y are independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, a a C 2- 40 alkenyl group, a C 2- o- alkynyl group, an optionally substituted C 6- 4o-aryl group and an optionally substituted 5- to 25-membered heteroaryl group is.
- unconjugated backbone repeat units are units containing fluorene, phenanthrene, dihydrophenanthrene or indenofluorene derivatives of the following formulas, e.g. disclosed in WO 2010/136111,
- R 1 -R 4 may have the same meanings as X and Y in formulas (33) and (34).
- Intermediate layer is used, is preferably in the range of 10 to 99 mol%, more preferably in the range of 20 to 80 mol%, and in particular in the range of 30 to 60 mol%.
- the semiconducting organic material for the emitter layer (s) may be a polymeric matrix material incorporating one or more different emitters incorporated in the polymer backbone, or it may be a polymeric and non-emissive matrix material having one or more low molecular weight ones Emitter are mixed, or it may be mixtures of different polymers with built-in polymer backbone emitters or it may be Mixtures of different non-emissive matrix polymers with different low molecular weight emitters, or they may be mixtures of at least one low molecular weight matrix material with different low molecular weight emitters, or any combination of these materials may be used.
- the emitter layer contains at least one emitter, if appropriate, and preferably at least one further matrix material.
- any emitter known to those skilled in the art can be used as an emitter in the emitter layer of the device according to the invention.
- the emitter is integrated as a repeating unit in a polymer.
- the emitter is mixed into a matrix material, which may be a small molecule, a polymer, an oligomer, a dendrimer or a mixture thereof.
- emitter unit or emitter refers to a device or compound in which, upon receipt of an exciton or formation of an exciton, radiation decay occurs with light emission.
- fluorescent emitter refers to materials or compounds that undergo a radiation transition from an excited singlet state to its ground state.
- phos- Phorescent emitter refers to luminescent materials or compounds containing transition metals. These typically include materials in which the light emission is caused by spin-forbidden transitions, eg, transitions of excited triplet and / or transitions
- the transition from excited states with high spin multiplicity e.g. of excited triplet states, forbidden to the ground state.
- a heavy atom such as iridium, osmium, platinum and europium
- the excited singlet and triplet are mixed so that the triplet has a certain singlet character; and if the singlet-triplet mixture results in a rate of radiation decay faster than the non-radiative event, the luminance can be efficient.
- This type of emission can be achieved with metal complexes, as Baldo et al. in Nature 395, 151-154 (1998).
- an emitter selected from the group of
- WO 2001/021729 A1 discloses and indenofluorene derivatives, e.g. in WO 2008/006449 and in WO 2007/140847.
- the fluorescent emitters are preferably polyaromatic compounds, such as 9,10-di (2-naphthylanthracene) and other anthracene derivatives, derivatives of tetracene, xanthene, perylene, such as 2,5,8, 1-tetra-t- butylperylene, phenylene, eg 4,4 '- (bis (9-ethyl-3-carbazovinylene) -1, 1'-biphenyl, fluorene, arylpyrene (US 2006/0222886), arylene vinylenes (US Pat. No. 5,110,029, US Pat. No.
- polyaromatic compounds such as 9,10-di (2-naphthylanthracene) and other anthracene derivatives, derivatives of tetracene, xanthene, perylene, such as 2,5,8, 1-tetra-t- butylperylene, phenylene, eg
- Other preferred fluorescent emitters are selected from the class of monostyrylamines, distyrylamines, tristyrylamines, tetrastyrylamines, styrylphosphines, styryl ethers and arylamines.
- a monostyrylamine is meant a compound containing a substituted or unsubstituted styryl group and at least one, preferably aromatic, amine.
- a distyrylamine is meant a compound which is two substituted or unsubstituted
- Styryl groups and at least one, preferably aromatic, amine are to be understood as meaning a compound which contains three substituted or unsubstituted styryl groups and at least one, preferably aromatic, amine.
- a tetrastyrylamine is meant a compound containing four substituted or unsubstituted styryl groups and at least one, preferably aromatic, amine.
- the styryl groups are particularly preferably stilbenes, which may also be further substituted.
- the corresponding phosphines and ethers are defined analogously to the amines.
- an arylamine or a aromatic amine to understand a compound containing three substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems which are directly bonded to the nitrogen. At least one of these aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems is preferably a fused ring system, more preferably at least 14 aromatic ring atoms. Preferred examples of these are aromatic anthracene amines, aromatic anthracenediamines, aromatic pyrenamines, aromatic pyrenediamines, aromatic
- aromatic anthracenamine is a compound in which a diarylamino group is bonded directly to an anthracene group, preferably in the 9-position.
- aromatic anthracenediamine is meant a compound in which two diarylamino groups are bonded directly to an anthracene group, preferably in the 9,10-position.
- Aromatic pyrenamines, pyrendiamines, chrysenamines and chrysenediamines are defined analogously thereto, the diarylamino groups on the pyrene preferably being attached in the 1-position or in the 1,6-position.
- fluorescent emitters are indenofluorenamines and indenofluorodiamines, e.g. according to WO 2006/122630, benzoin-indenofluoreneamines and benzoindenofluorodiamines, e.g. according to WO 2008/006449, and dibenzoindenofluorenamines and dibenzoindeno-fluoro-diamines, e.g. according to WO 2007/140847.
- Examples of emitters from the class of styrylamines are substituted or unsubstituted tristilbenamines or those described in WO 2006/000388, in WO 2006/058737, in WO 2006/000389, in WO 2007/065549 and in WO 2007/115610 dopants.
- Distyrylbenzene and distyrylbiphenyl derivatives are described in US 5121029.
- Other styrylamines can be found in US 2007/0 22656 A.
- Particularly preferred styrylamine emitters and triarylamine emitters are the compounds of the following formulas (35) to (40), as described, for example, in US Pat
- fluorescent emitters are selected from the group of triarylamines such as in EP 1957606 A1 and in
- fluorescent emitters are from the derivatives of naphthalene, anthracene, tetracene, fluorene, periflanthene, indenoperylene, phenanthrene, perylene (US 2007/0252517 A1), pyrene, chrysene, decacycles, coronene, tetraphenylcyclopentadiene, pentaphenylcyclopentadiene, fluorene, spirofluorene, Rubrene, coumarin (US 4769292, US 6020078, US 2007/0252517 A1), pyran, oxazone, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzimidazole, pyrazine, cinnamic esters, diketopyrrolopyrrole, acridone and quinacridone (US 2007/0252517 Al).
- 9,10-substituted anthracenes e.g. 9,10-diphenylanthracene and 9,10-bis (phenylethynyl) anthracene, more preferably. 1,4-bis (9'-ethynylanthracenyl) benzene is also a preferred dopant.
- an emitter in the emitter layer is selected from the group of blue-fluorescent emitters.
- an emitter in the emitter layer is selected from the group of green-fluorescing emitters.
- an emitter in the emitter layer is selected from the group of yellow-fluorescing emitters.
- An emitter in the emitter layer is particularly preferably selected from the group of red-fluorescent emitters, in particular from the group of the perylene derivatives of the formula (41), as disclosed, for example, in US 2007/0104977 A1.
- an emitter in the emitter layer is selected from the group of phosphorescent emitters.
- WO 2005/033244 discloses. Generally, all phosphorescent complexes as used in the art and as known to those skilled in the art of organic electroluminescence are suitable, and those skilled in the art without inventive step will be able to use other phosphorescent complexes.
- the phosphorescent emitter may be a metal complex, preferably of the formula M (L) Z in which M is a metal atom, L on each occurrence independently represents an organic ligand attached to M via one, two or more positions or is coordinated therewith, and z is an integer 1, preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and where appropriate these groups with a polymer via one or more, preferably one, two or three positions, preferably via the ligands L, are linked.
- M is a metal atom selected from transition metals, preferably from Group VIII transition metals, lanthanides or actinides, more preferably from Rh, Os, Ir, Pt, Pd, Au, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Re, Cu, Zn, W, Mo, Pd, Ag and Ru, and especially selected from Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Re, Pd or Pt. M can also mean Zn.
- Preferred ligands are 2-phenylpyridine derivatives, 7,8-benzoquinoline derivatives, 2- (2-thienyl) pyridine derivatives, 2- (1-naphthyl) pyridine derivatives or 2-phenylquinoline derivatives. These compounds may each be substituted, e.g. by fluorine or trifluoromethyl substituents for blue.
- Secondary ligands are preferably acetylacetonate or picric acid.
- complexes of trivalent lanthanides such as Tb 3+ and Eu 3+ (Kido, KJ et al., Appl., Phys., Lett., 65, 2124, Kido, et al., Chem., Lett., 657, 1990, US Pat 2007/0252517 A1) or phosphorescent complexes of Pt (II), Ir (I), Rh (I) with maleonitrile dithiolate (Johnson et al., JACS 105, 1983, 1795), Re (I) tricarbonyldiimine complexes ( Wrighton, JACS 96, 1974, 998), Os (II) complexes with cyano ligands and bipyridyl or phenanthroline ligands (Ma et al., Synth. Metals 94, 1998, 245) or Alq 3 .
- trivalent lanthanides such as Tb 3+ and Eu 3+
- phosphorescent emitters with tridentate ligands are described in US 6824895 and in US 7029766. Red-emitting phosphorescent complexes are disclosed in US 6835469 and in US 6830828.
- a particularly preferred phosphorescent emitter is a compound of formula (43) and other compounds such as in the
- Another particularly preferred phosphorescent emitter is a compound of formula (44) as well as other compounds such as e.g. disclosed in WO 2007/095118 A1.
- the emitter in the emitter layer is selected from groups which contain organometallic complexes.
- a suitable metal complex according to the present invention is selected from transition metals, rare earth elements, lanthanides and actinides.
- the metal is selected from Ir, Ru, Os, Eu, Au, Pt, Cu, Zn, Mo, W, Rh, Pd or Ag.
- the emitter layer contains a conjugated polymer containing at least one repeating unit containing an emitter group as described above.
- metal complex-containing conjugated polymers and the synthetic methods are in EP 1138746 B1 and DE 102004032527 A1.
- singlet emitter-containing conjugated polymers and the synthetic methods are disclosed in DE 102005060473 A1 and in WO 2010/022847.
- the emitter layer contains a non-conjugated polymer which contains at least one emitter unit as described above and at least one lateral charge transport unit.
- a non-conjugated polymer which contains at least one emitter unit as described above and at least one lateral charge transport unit.
- non-conjugated polymers containing pendent metal complexes and the methods of synthesis are disclosed in US 7250226 B2, JP 2007/211243 A2, JP 2007/197574 A2, US 7250226 B2 and JP 2007/059939 A
- Examples of non-conjugated polymers containing pendant singlet emitters and the methods of synthesis are disclosed in JP 2005/108556, in JP
- the emitter layer contains a non-conjugated polymer containing at least one emitter unit as described above and at least one repeating unit forming the polymer backbone in the main chain, wherein the repeating unit forming the polymer backbone is preferably is selected from the units as described above for the interlayer polymer, non-conjugated backbone.
- non-conjugated polymers containing metal complexes in the backbone and the synthetic methods are disclosed in WO 2010/149261 and WO 2010/136110.
- a material used for emitter layers contains, in addition to the emitter (s), a charge-transporting polymer matrix.
- this polymer matrix may be selected from a conjugated polymer, which preferably has a non-conjugated polymer backbone as described above for the interlayer polymer, and in particular It prefers a conjugated polymer backbone as above for the
- Interlayer polymer described contains.
- this polymer matrix is preferably selected from non-conjugated polymers which are non-conjugated side-chain polymers or non-conjugated backbone polymers, for example polyvinylcarbazole ("PVK”), polysilane, copolymers containing phosphine oxide units or matrix polymers such as in WO 2010/149261 and in WO 2010/136110.
- PVK polyvinylcarbazole
- polysilane polysilane
- copolymers containing phosphine oxide units or matrix polymers such as in WO 2010/149261 and in WO 2010/136110.
- the emitter layer contains at least one low molecular weight emitter containing an emitter group as described above and at least one low molecular weight matrix material.
- Suitable low molecular weight matrix materials are materials from various classes.
- Preferred matrix materials for fluorescent or singlet emitters are selected from the classes of oligoarylenes (e.g., 2,2 ', 7,7'-tetraphenylspirobifluorene according to EP 676461 or dinaphthyl anthracene), in particular the fused aromatic oligoarylenes, e.g.
- WO 04/058911 the electron-conducting compounds, in particular ketones, phosphine oxides, sulfoxides, etc. (for example according to WO 05/084081 and WO 05/084082), the atropisomers (eg according to WO 06/048268), the boronic acid derivatives (eg according to WO 06/117052) or the
- Benzanthracenes for example according to DE 102007024850.
- Particularly preferred host materials are selected from the classes of
- Very particularly preferred host materials are selected from the classes of oligoarylenes containing anthracene, benzanthracene and / or pyrene, or atropisomers of these compounds.
- an oligoarylene is a compound in which at least three aryl or arylene groups are bonded to one another.
- Particularly preferred low molecular weight matrix materials for singlet emitters are selected from benzanthracene, anthracene, triarylamine, indenofluorene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, phenanthrene, dihydrophenanthrene and their isomers and derivatives.
- Preferred low molecular weight matrix materials for phosphorescent or triplet emitters are ⁇ , ⁇ -biscarbazolylbiphenyl (CBP),
- Carbazole derivatives for example according to WO 05/039246, US 2005/0069729, JP 2004/288381, EP 1205527 or DE 102007002714
- azacarbazoles for example according to EP 1617710, EP 1617711, the
- ketones e.g.
- WO 04/093207 phosphine oxides, sulfoxides and sulfones (e.g., according to WO 05/003253), oligophenylenes, aromatic amines (e.g., according to US 2005/0069729), bipolar matrix materials (e.g.
- WO 07/137725 1,3,5-triazine derivatives (for example according to US Pat. No. 6,229,012 B1, US Pat. No. 6,225,467 B1, DE 10312675 A1, WO 98/04007 A1 and US Pat. No. 6352791 B1), silanes (for example according to WO 05/111172), 9,9-diarylfluorene derivatives (eg according to DE 102008017591), azaboroles or
- Boronic acid esters eg according to WO 06/117052
- triazole derivatives eg according to WO 06/117052
- oxazoles and oxazole derivatives e.g., imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives,
- Particularly preferred low molecular weight matrix materials for triplet emitters are selected from carbazole, ketone, triazine, imidazole, fluorene, spirobifluorene, phenanthrene, dihydrophenanthrene and their isomers and derivatives.
- Another preferred material used for emitter layers in addition to the emitter or emitters, contains a neutral polymer matrix, e.g. Polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl butyral (“PVB”) or polycarbonate.
- a neutral polymer matrix e.g. Polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl butyral (“PVB”) or polycarbonate.
- Another preferred material used for emitter layers in addition to the emitter or emitters and at least one polymer at least one hole-transporting small molecule and / or at least one electron-transporting small molecule.
- Among them are non-polymers to understand organic compounds with hole or electron-transporting properties.
- a preferred material used for emitter layers contains, in addition to the emitter (s), a material with electron-transporting properties.
- the emitters in the emitter layer are preferably chosen such that the widest possible emission results.
- triplet emitters are combined with the following emissions: green and red; blue and green; light blue and light red; blue, green and red.
- triplet emitters with deep green and deep red emission are particularly preferably used. This can be adjusted especially yellow tones well.
- concentrations of the individual emitter molecules the hues can be generated and adjusted in the desired manner.
- visible spectrum is to be understood as meaning a range having a wavelength in the range from 380 nm to 750 nm.
- electroluminescent devices in which a first emitter has an emission maximum in the green spectral range and a second emitter has an emission maximum in the red spectral range.
- Further preferred combinations of emitters are those which emit their maximum in the blue and green spectral range, in the light blue and bright red spectral range as well as in the blue, green and red spectral range.
- the emitters in the emitter layer lie in a dopant
- the concentration of emitter (s) is preferably in the range from 0.01 to 30 mol%, particularly preferably in the range from 1 to 25 mol%, and in particular in the range from 2 to 20 mol%.
- the emitter layer contains charge-transporting substances.
- the eiektrooptician device contains in the emitter layer triplet emitter and substances which promote the transition of excitation energy in the triplet state.
- substances which promote the transition of excitation energy in the triplet state are, for example, carbazoles, ketones, phosphine oxides, silanes, sulfoxides, compounds containing heavy metal atoms, bromine compounds or phosphorescence sensitizers.
- electro-optical devices in which the semiconductive, organic material of the emitter layer is a semiconducting polymer, in particular a semiconducting copolymer.
- Indenofluorene phenanthrene, dihydrophenanthrene, phenylene, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, phenylenevinylene and derivatives thereof, which repeating units may optionally be substituted.
- Other preferred semiconductive copolymers used in the emitter layer have repeating units derived from triarylamines derive, preferably from those with repeating units of the above-defined formulas (19) to (21).
- the eiektrooptician devices according to the invention particularly preferably have the simplest possible structure.
- this may be a device which, in addition to a cathode and anode layer, contains only one or more emitter layers arranged therebetween and one or more intermediate layers.
- a preferred embodiment of the eiektrooptica device according to the invention comprises at least one additional electron injection layer, which is arranged directly between the first emitter layer and the cathode.
- the electro-optical device according to the invention is preferably applied to a substrate, in particular to a transparent substrate.
- an electrode made of transparent or semi-transparent material, preferably of indium-tin oxide, is preferably applied to the latter.
- the electro-optical device further comprises a hole injection layer disposed between the anode and the intermediate layer of hole-conducting polymer, preferably a layer of poly (ethylene dioxothiophene).
- Preferred electro-optical devices according to the invention comprise polymeric materials having glass transition temperatures T g greater than 90 ° C, particularly preferably greater than 100 ° C, and in particular greater than 120 ° C.
- cathode materials materials known per se can be used in the electro-optical devices according to the invention.
- materials with a low work function are used. Examples of these are metals, metal combinations or low work function metal alloys, e.g. Ca, Sr, Ba, Cs, Mg, Al, In and Mg / Ag.
- the construction of the electro-optical devices according to the invention can be achieved with various production methods.
- Printing processes in the context of the present application also include those which emanate from solids, such as thermal transfer or LITI.
- solvents are used which dissolve the substances used.
- the nature of the substance is not relevant to the invention.
- the preparation of the electro-optical devices according to the invention can thus take place according to methods known per se, wherein at least the at least one emitter layer and an intermediate layer are applied from solution, for example by a printing method, in particular by ink jet printing.
- the electro-optical device according to the invention is an organic light-emitting diode (OLED).
- the electro-optical device according to the invention is an organic light-emitting electrochemical cell (organic light-emitting cell)
- electrochemical cell - OLEC which contains two electrodes and at least one emitter layer and an intermediate layer between the emitter layer and an electrode as described above, which is characterized in that the emitter layer contains at least one further ionic compound.
- the electro-optical device according to the invention can be used in particular in various applications, particularly preferred
- a preferred monomer unit corresponds to formula (1), which is as follows
- Another unit which is suitable as an electron conductor in an intermediate layer because of its LUMO of -2.7 eV, is the following:
- the synthesis of light-emitting polymers with said monomers is disclosed in WO 05/040302 and in WO 03/020790.
- PLED polymeric organic light-emitting diode
- ITO structure indium tin oxide, a transparent, conductive anode
- soda lime glass by sputtering in such a pattern that the cathode vapor-deposited at the end of the production process yields 4 pixels 2 ⁇ 2 mm.
- PEDOT is a polythiophene derivative (Clevios P 4083 Al) from H. C. Starck, Goslar, which is supplied as an aqueous dispersion) is likewise applied in the clean room by spin coating.
- the required spin rate depends on the degree of dilution and the specific spincoater geometry (typical for 80 nm:
- the substrates are baked for 10 minutes at 180 ° C on a hot plate. Thereafter, under an inert gas atmosphere (nitrogen or argon), 20 nm of an intermediate layer are first spin-coated.
- these are the polymers P1 to P4 or V1, which are processed at a concentration of 5 g / l of toluene. All intermediate layers of these device examples are baked under inert gas for 1 hour at 180 ° C. Subsequently, 65 nm of the polymer layers are applied from toluene solutions (typical concentrations 8 to 12 g / l).
- This polymer layer is also baked out after spin coating under inert gas, namely for 10 minutes at 180 ° C. Thereafter, the Ba / Al cathode (3 nm / 100 nm) is vapor-deposited in the specified pattern through a vapor-deposition mask
- the device is finally encapsulated.
- the encapsulation of the device takes place by gluing a commercially available coverslip over the pixelated surface. Subsequently, the device is characterized.
- the devices are clamped in holders specially made for the substrate size and contacted by means of spring contacts.
- a photodiode with eye-tracking filter can be placed directly on the measuring holder in order to exclude the influence of extraneous light.
- the voltages are from 0 to max. 20 V in 0.2 V increments and lowered again.
- the current through the device and the resulting photocurrent are measured by the photodiode. In this way one obtains the IVL data of the test devices.
- Important parameters are the measured maximum efficiency ("Max. Eff.” In cd / A) and the voltage required for 100 cd / m 2 .
- the voltage required for 100 cd / m 2 is again applied after the first measurement and the photodiode is replaced by a spectrum measuring head. This is connected by an optical fiber with a spectrometer (Ocean Optics). From the measured spectrum, the color coordinates (CIE: Commission International de l'eclairage, normal viewer of 1931) can be derived.
- CIE Commission International de l'eclairage, normal viewer of 1931
- the life of the devices is measured in one of the initial evaluation very similar measurement setup so that an initial luminance is set (for example, 1000 cd / m 2).
- the current required for this luminance is kept constant, while typically the voltage increases and the luminance decreases.
- the life is reached, though the initial luminance has dropped to 50% of the initial value. If one has determined an extrapolation factor, the lifetimes can also be measured accelerated by setting a higher initial luminance. In this case, the measuring apparatus keeps the current constant so that it shows the electrical degradation of the components in a voltage increase.
- the voltage increase refers to a starting luminance of 2000 cd / m 2 .
- the voltage increase refers to a starting luminance of 3000 cd / m 2 .
- the polymers P1 to P4 represent a significant improvement in important parameters of the device. Higher efficiencies, in many cases lower voltages, improved lifetimes, and even for components with extremely low voltage increases, are yet another reduction measured. Especially the latter means that the new polymers according to the invention are significantly better suited for use in displays and lighting applications than polymers according to the prior art, since they have better electrical stability.
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Abstract
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| EP14739043.9A EP3028320A1 (de) | 2013-07-29 | 2014-07-09 | Elektrooptische vorrichtung und deren verwendung |
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| EP14739043.9A EP3028320A1 (de) | 2013-07-29 | 2014-07-09 | Elektrooptische vorrichtung und deren verwendung |
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| EP (1) | EP3028320A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP6490685B2 (de) |
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| TWI786143B (zh) * | 2017-07-03 | 2022-12-11 | 德商麥克專利有限公司 | 有機電致發光裝置及其產製方法 |
| CN111808269A (zh) * | 2019-04-12 | 2020-10-23 | 纽多维有限公司 | 新型聚三芳基胺及其用途 |
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| US6458475B1 (en) * | 1999-11-24 | 2002-10-01 | The Trustee Of Princeton University | Organic light emitting diode having a blue phosphorescent molecule as an emitter |
| KR100650046B1 (ko) * | 2002-11-20 | 2006-11-27 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 고효율의 유기 전계 발광 소자 |
| US9200156B2 (en) * | 2006-07-25 | 2015-12-01 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Polymer blends and their use in organic light emitting devices |
| DE102009023156A1 (de) * | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-02 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Polymere, die substituierte Indenofluorenderivate als Struktureinheit enthalten, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung |
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| WO2011049241A1 (ja) * | 2009-10-22 | 2011-04-28 | 住友化学株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
| JP5577122B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-18 | 2014-08-20 | 新日鉄住金化学株式会社 | 有機電界発光素子 |
| GB201113563D0 (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2011-09-21 | Cambridge Display Tech Ltd | Light emitting polymers and devices |
| KR20180126629A (ko) * | 2011-12-12 | 2018-11-27 | 메르크 파텐트 게엠베하 | 전자 소자용 화합물 |
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| CN105431956A (zh) | 2016-03-23 |
| KR102272539B1 (ko) | 2021-07-02 |
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| 18R | Application refused |
Effective date: 20230411 |