Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
  • F25B2313/003—Indoor unit with water as a heat sink or heat source
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
  • F25B2313/004—Outdoor unit with water as a heat sink or heat source
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
  • F25B2313/009—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for indoor unit in circulation with outdoor unit in first operation mode, indoor unit in circulation with an other heat exchanger in second operation mode or outdoor unit in circulation with an other heat exchanger in third operation mode
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
  • F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
  • F25B2313/02742—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using two four-way valves
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
  • F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
  • F25B2313/0314—Temperature sensors near the indoor heat exchanger
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
  • F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
  • F25B2313/0315—Temperature sensors near the outdoor heat exchanger
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
  • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
  • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers

Definitions

• the present invention generally relates to installations and methods for heating and cooling fluids, in particular for a building.
• the object of the present invention is to propose a new installation for heating and cooling fluids proposing an architecture allowing the heating of a fluid, for example for the production of domestic hot water and / or the heating of the building, and the cooling of another fluid, both simultaneously and independently of each other.
• Another object of the invention is to propose a new installation for heating and cooling fluids using a minimum of refrigerant.
• Another object of the invention is to limit the energy consumption of the installation.
• Another object of the invention is also to provide a heating and cooling fluid facility for defrosting, with reduced energy consumption, the portion of the installation subjected to frost.
• the subject of the invention is a refrigerant circuit for an installation, called a thermo-pump, for heating and / or cooling fluids, comprising:
• an exchanger called a condenser exchanger, comprising a condenser circuit
• an exchanger called a balancing exchanger, comprising a circuit called a condenser / evaporator circuit capable of operating either as a condenser or an evaporator, and preferably a fan associated with said balancing exchanger,
• connection node between a branch of the refrigerant circuit provided with the condenser exchanger and a branch of the refrigerant circuit provided with the balancing exchanger, said connection node being located on the output side the condenser exchanger,
• an exchanger called an evaporator exchanger, comprising an evaporator circuit
• a first fluid management device comprising four channels, of which a first channel, called an input channel, connected to the output of the compressor, a second channel, called a low-pressure channel, a third channel connected to the balancing exchanger; on the opposite side to the first connection node, and a fourth channel connected to the input of said condenser exchanger;
• a second fluid management device comprising four channels, of which a first channel, called an input channel, connected to said first connection node, a second channel, called a low-pressure channel, a third channel connected to the input of the second channel; evaporator exchanger, and a fourth channel connected to the balancing exchanger between the first connection node and the condenser / evaporator circuit of the balancing exchanger;
• a first expander located between the third channel of the second fluid management device and the evaporator exchanger
• the second channels of the management devices being connected to a branch of the refrigerant circuit which extends between the outlet of the evaporator circuit of the evaporator exchanger and the inlet of the compressor,
• each fluid management device being configured to have a first configuration according to which the input channel is put in communication with the third channel, the low pressure channel being put into communication with the fourth channel,
• the balancing exchanger makes it possible to adjust the production of hot and cold by switching from one mode to another by controlling the fluid management devices so that in certain modes the balancing exchanger operates as a condenser and in other modes the balancing exchanger operates as an evaporator.
• the four-way management devices make it possible to connect, according to the activated operating mode, the unused exchangers of the refrigerant circuit at the low-pressure part of the refrigerant circuit, while putting the exchangers used in this operating mode into communication with each other.
• This specificity of the architecture of the refrigerant circuit which makes it possible to connect the unused exchangers to the low-pressure part acts as a draw-off in the unused parts of the refrigerant circuit and makes it possible to reintegrate the refrigerant into the useful parts of the circuit. refrigerant by avoiding the trapping of refrigerant in unused parts of the circuit.
• the fact of being able to put in communication the second channel (low pressure way) of the first management device with the fourth channel connected to the condenser exchanger or the third channel connected to the balancing exchanger allows, when said condenser exchanger or the balancing exchanger is not active, because of the selected operating mode of the installation, to migrate the refrigerant vapor, trapped in these exchangers, in the low active pressure part of the circuit refrigeration.
• the connection of the outlet of the evaporator exchanger to the low-pressure part makes it possible, when said evaporator exchanger is inactive, to recover in the low active pressure portion of the refrigerant circuit. the refrigerant vapor remained in said evaporator exchanger.
• the refrigerant circuit also comprises an exchanger, called a subcooler exchanger, which comprises a first heat transfer circuit arranged between the input channel of the second management device and the first node. connecting, and preferably disposed between said inlet channel and a bottle of liquid.
• a subcooler exchanger which comprises a first heat transfer circuit arranged between the input channel of the second management device and the first node. connecting, and preferably disposed between said inlet channel and a bottle of liquid.
• said circuit comprises a non-return valve arranged between the outlet of the evaporator exchanger and said connection of the second channels of the management devices to prevent the fluid from flowing from said connection to the evaporator exchanger.
• said circuit comprises a non-return valve arranged between the first connection node and the condenser exchanger to prevent a fluid flow from said first connection node to the condenser exchanger.
• said refrigerating circuit comprises a non-return valve arranged between, on the one hand, the first link node and, on the other hand, a third link node between the second expander and the balancing exchanger, for preventing fluid flow from said first link node to the third link node.
• said circuit comprises a non-return valve arranged between the fourth channel of the second management device and the second expander to prevent a circulation of fluid from the second expander to the fourth channel of the second management device .
• said first fluid management device is a 4-way valve which comprises a member, called drawer, movable between two positions respectively corresponding to said first and second configurations of the first fluid management device.
• said second fluid management device is a 4-way valve which comprises a member, called drawer, movable between two positions respectively corresponding to said first and second configurations of the second fluid management device.
• each second channel of each management device allows to ensuring a pressure difference between the pair of channels of the management device placed in communication to ensure proper movement of the drawer of the corresponding management device.
• each second channel is put at low pressure by its connection with the inlet of the bottle anti-coup de liquid.
• the channel of the management device placed in communication with this second channel is then also reduced to the low pressure, and the input channel of each management device, as well as the channel with which said input channel is placed in communication , are at high pressure.
• said circuit comprises an additional exchanger, arranged in series with the condenser exchanger, between said first link node and the fourth channel of the first management device.
• one of the two heat exchangers can be used for heating the domestic hot water and the other for heating a heating circuit fluid.
• said two exchangers can be used to heat a fluid, gas or liquid, at two different temperature levels.
• said circuit comprises a reservoir, called anti-blow bottle of liquid, positioned between the compressor and the connection of the second channels of the management devices.
• said circuit comprises a reservoir, called a liquid bottle, and said inlet path of the second fluid management device is connected to said first connection node via the liquid bottle.
• liquid bottle makes it possible to ensure that the regulators are supplied with refrigerant in the liquid state and not in the vapor state.
• Said liquid bottle also allows as detailed below to ensure that the sub-cooling exchanger, which operates by sensitive transfer, is supplied with liquid fluid and not with steam.
• the invention also relates to an installation comprising a refrigerant circuit as described above, characterized in that, the condenser exchanger comprising a heat transfer circuit, said installation comprises a heating circuit which comprises said transfer circuit of the heat transfer circuit.
• condenser exchanger a circulation pump, and preferably a fluid storage tank, called a hot water tank,
• the evaporator exchanger comprising a heat transfer circuit
• said plant comprises a cooling circuit which comprises said evaporator exchanger transfer circuit, a circulation pump, and preferably a fluid storage tank called cold fluid balloon.
• the additional exchanger comprising a heat transfer circuit
• said installation comprises an additional hot fluid production circuit which comprises said exchanger transfer circuit, a circulation pump, and preferably a fluid storage tank, called a hot water tank.
• the exchanger cooler comprising a second transfer circuit
• said second transfer circuit of the heat exchanger subcooler is mounted on the cooling circuit bypassing the transfer circuit of the evaporator exchanger.
• a first solenoid valve is positioned between the inlet of the transfer circuit of the evaporator exchanger and the connection of the inlet of the second transfer circuit of the subcooler exchanger to the cooling circuit.
• a second solenoid valve is positioned between the inlet of the second transfer circuit of the subcooler heat exchanger and the connection of this input of the second transfer circuit of the subcooler heat exchanger to the cooling circuit.
• the installation comprises a control unit comprising control means for controlling the stopping and running of each of the circulation pumps, independently of one another.
• control unit makes it possible to control the different components of the installation to obtain the desired operating mode, and in particular:
• the installation comprises a control unit configured to execute a sequence of instructions, called the heating mode, comprising the following steps:
• the installation comprises a control unit configured to execute a sequence of instructions, called simultaneous mode, comprising the following steps:
• the installation comprises a control unit configured to execute a sequence of instructions, called the energy storage mode, comprising the following steps:
• control unit is configured to execute a sequence of instructions, called the mode of use of the energy stored on the cooling circuit, which comprises the following steps; in deferred time and in a mode of operation of the installation corresponding to the simultaneous mode or cooling mode preferably without ventilation, activate the cooling circuit pump and control the solenoid valves so as to let the hot fluid contained in the cooling circuit balloon circulate through the transfer circuit of the cooling circuit. the evaporator exchanger.
• the installation comprises a control unit configured to execute a sequence of instructions, called the refresh mode, comprising the following steps:
• said heating circuit being a heating circuit of domestic hot water, called ECS circuit
• said installation comprises a control unit configured to execute a sequence of instructions, called simultaneous ECS mode, comprising the following steps:
• said heating circuit being a hot water heating circuit, called ECS circuit
• said installation comprises a control unit configured to execute a sequence of instructions, called ECS mode alone, comprising the following steps:
• the installation comprises a control unit configured to execute a sequence of instructions, called defrosting mode, comprising the following steps:
• the solenoid valves are controlled so as to prevent the circulation of fluid of the cooling circuit by the second transfer circuit of the subcooler exchanger and to allow the circulation of said fluid by the transfer circuit of the evaporator exchanger,
• the balancing exchanger When operating in heating mode, the balancing exchanger operates as an evaporator. When outside temperatures are below about 6 ° C (and especially when they are between 0 ° C and 6 ° C), the accumulation of frost on the balancing exchanger significantly degrades the performance of the installation. Therefore, it is useful to include an efficient de-icing system to ensure high energy efficiency and preferably continuous hot water production.
• the de-icing method used is similar to a cycle reversal as a means of removing frost from the balancing exchanger.
• the balancing exchanger operates alternately either evaporator or condenser. This allows, during a transition to defrost mode, to directly inject the hot gases to the discharge of the compressor in the air exchanger.
• the evaporator exchanger is connected to the cold fluid flask that previously stored hot fluid.
• the energy previously recovered and stored in the cold fluid flask is then used to ensure the evaporation of the refrigerant.
• This deicing method does not draw energy from the heating tank and is an advantage over the state of the art. Indeed, calculations from experimental measurement show that the seasonal yield (COP) is improved by 13% because of this deicing solution.
• the operating logic of the system corresponds to the operation of the cooling circuit in cooling mode, preferably without ventilation. Stopping the fan allows more heat transfer to the frost layer and saves electrical energy.
• each flask is equipped with a sensor of a value representative of the temperature of the fluid contained inside said flask
• the compressor is equipped with a sensor of a value representative of the input pressure and a sensor of a value representative of the outlet pressure
• the refrigerant circuit preferably comprises a sensor of a value representative of the temperature at the inlet of the balancing exchanger and a sensor a value representative of the temperature of the external surface of the balancing exchanger
• control unit is configured to control the transition from one operating mode of the installation to another depending on the measured values and predefined threshold values.
• the invention also relates to a method for heating and / or cooling fluids using an installation as described above.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the installation according to the invention coupled to a set of fluid distribution networks;
• FIG. 2 is a view of the hot fluid recovery system of the installation according to the invention, in hot fluid storage configuration. in a balloon;
• FIG. 2A is a view of the hot fluid recovery system of the installation according to the invention, in the circulation configuration of the hot fluid, previously stored, through the evaporator exchanger;
• FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the architecture of the refrigerant circuit of the installation according to the invention.
• FIG. 4 is a view of the refrigerant circuit of Figure 3 according to a first mode of operation, called heating mode;
• FIG. 5 is a view of the refrigerant circuit of Figure 3 according to a second mode of operation, called simultaneous mode;
• FIG. 6 is a view of the refrigerant circuit of Figure 3 according to a third mode of operation, called cooling mode;
• FIG. 7 is a view of the refrigerant circuit of Figure 3 according to a fourth mode of operation, called simultaneous ECS mode;
• FIG. 8 is a view of the refrigerant circuit of Figure 3 according to a fifth mode of operation, called ECS mode;
• FIG. 9 is a view of the refrigerant circuit of Figure 3 according to a sixth mode of operation, called defrost mode;
• FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the installation according to the invention, showing measuring probes associated with various components of the installation;
• FIGS. 1 to 13 show logic diagrams based on differential thermostats and logic comparators expressing heating, cooling and domestic hot water and defrosting needs;
• FIGS. 14 to 16 are graphs illustrating performance tests carried out on a prototype thermofridge pump according to the invention.
• thermofridge pump 1 for heating and cooling fluids, for example in a residential or tertiary building.
• said installation makes it possible to heat the fluid of a heating circuit, to produce domestic hot water (DHW), and to cool the fluid of a heating circuit. cooling type air conditioning. Thanks to the following detailed architecture of the installation, these features can be activated simultaneously or independently.
• Said installation comprises a refrigerant refrigerant circuit 2 which comprises a compressor 200.
• Said compressor 200 makes it possible to compress refrigerant vapor.
• said installation comprises a reservoir 201 called anti-blow liquid bottle.
• Said anti-blow bottle 201 has an inlet and an outlet connected to the inlet of the compressor 200.
• Said anti-blow bottle 201 is configured in such a way that the fluid leaving said bottle is in the vapor state. even if some of the incoming fluid contains drops of liquid.
• the refrigerant circuit 2 also comprises an exchanger 21, called the heat exchanger ECS, which comprises a condenser circuit, that is to say a circuit adapted to ensure the condensation of the refrigerant, and a circuit, called a transfer circuit connected to a circuit 31 for producing domestic hot water, called DHW circuit 31 to allow, by heat transfer from the condenser circuit to the transfer circuit of said heat exchanger 21, to heat the water of said DHW circuit 31.
• the circuit 31 contains a fluid which may be a gas or liquid to be supplied at a high temperature, i.e., at least 55 ° C.
• Said DHW circuit 31 comprises said transfer circuit of the DHW exchanger 21, a circulation pump 310, and preferably a fluid storage tank, called a hot water cylinder 31 1.
• the refrigerant circuit 2 also comprises an exchanger 22, called heating exchanger, which comprises a condenser circuit, that is to say a circuit adapted to ensure the condensation of the refrigerant, and a circuit, called a transfer circuit, connected to a heating circuit 32 to allow, by transfer of heat from the condenser circuit to the transfer circuit of said exchanger 22, to heat the fluid of said heating circuit 32.
• the fluid may be a gas or a liquid.
• Said heating circuit 32 comprises said transfer circuit of the heat exchanger 22, a circulation pump 320, and preferably a fluid storage tank, called a hot water cylinder 321.
• the exchangers 21, 22 are arranged in series on the same branch of the refrigerant circuit.
• the exchanger 21 is positioned upstream of the heat exchanger 22.
• Another branch of the refrigerant circuit also comprises an exchanger 25, called a balancing exchanger, which comprises a circuit, called a condenser / evaporator circuit, capable of operating either as a condenser or in the evaporator according to the operating mode of the installation as detailed below.
• the balancing exchanger 25 operates by heat exchange between said fluid flowing through the condenser / evaporator circuit and air.
• a fan is arranged with the exchanger 25 to generate a forced convection movement around the balancing exchanger.
• the medium with which the condenser / evaporator circuit of said balancing exchanger 25 exchanges is another fluid circuit forming a heat transfer circuit.
• Said refrigerating circuit 2 has a first connection node NL1 between the branch of the refrigerating circuit 2 provided with the exchangers 21, 22 ECS and heating and the branch of the refrigerating circuit 2 provided with the exchanger 25 balancing.
• Said connecting node NL1 is located on the output side of exchanger 22.
• the circuit comprises an exchanger 23, called evaporator exchanger, which has an evaporator circuit, that is to say a circuit capable of vaporizing the refrigerant, whose output is connected to the inlet of the bottle 201 anti-coup de liquid, and a transfer circuit connected to a cooling circuit 33, to allow by heat transfer from the transfer circuit to the evaporator circuit of said evaporator exchanger 23, to cool the fluid of said cooling circuit 33.
• Said fluid of the circuit of cooling 33 may be a gas or a liquid.
• Said cooling circuit 33 comprises said transfer circuit of the evaporator exchanger 23, a circulating pump 330, and preferably a fluid storage tank, called a cold-fluid balloon 331.
• the presence of the balloons 31 1, 321, 331 decouples the production of cold fluid and hot fluid, compared to the distribution to the corresponding networks 4.
• Thermofridge pump 1 thus comprises two sets:
• a first fluid management device 51 makes it possible to direct and / or stop the fluid circulation between the components, in particular the exchangers, of the refrigerant circuit.
• Said first fluid management device 51 comprises four channels, of which:
• input channel 51 1 a first channel, called input channel 51 1, connected to the output of compressor 200,
• a second path called a low-pressure path 512, connected to the inlet of the anti-blow-off bottle 201, ie connected to a low-pressure part of the refrigerant circuit 2,
• a third channel 513 is connected to the condenser / evaporator circuit of the balancing exchanger on the side of said exchanger opposite to the first connection node NL1;
• a fourth channel 514 is connected to the input of the condenser circuit of said heat exchanger 21.
• Said refrigerant circuit also comprises a second fluid management device 52 also comprising four channels, including a first channel, called input channel 521, connected to said first connection node NL1 via a liquid bottle 202. As shown in FIG. detailed below, the connection between this input channel 521 and the first link node NL1 is performed via a heat exchanger 24 subcooler.
• a second channel, called a low-pressure path 522 is connected to the inlet of the anti-bleed bottle 201, corresponding to a low-pressure part of the refrigerant circuit 2.
• a third channel 523 is connected to the inlet of the evaporator exchanger 23, and a fourth channel 524 is connected to the balancing exchanger, between the first link node NL1 and the balancing exchanger, via an NL3 node.
• Each fluid management device 51, 52 is a 4-way valve which comprises a member, called drawer, movable between a first position and a second position.
• the input channel 51 1, 521 is put in communication with the third channel 513, 523, the second channel 512, 522 being put into communication with the fourth channel 514, 524.
• the input channel 51 1, 521 is put in communication with the fourth channel 514, 524, the second channel 512, 522 being put in communication with the third channel 513, 523.
• Said refrigerating circuit also comprises a first Expander 203 located between the third channel 523 of the valve 52 and the evaporator exchanger 23, and a second expander 205 located between the fourth channel 524 of the valve 52 and the equilibrium exchanger.
• Said liquid bottle 202 is a reservoir arranged on a branch of the refrigerant circuit defined between the link node NL1 and the input channel 521 of the second management device 52.
• the bottle 202 of liquid is placed on the liquid line to optimize the refrigerant charge circulating in the refrigerant circuit in all modes of operation.
• the subcooler exchanger 24 (detailed below) is located on this branch of the circuit downstream of the bottle 202.
• the bottle of liquid 202 is configured to trap the fluid in the vapor state that arrives at this level of the refrigerant circuit, that is to say the fluid present in the high pressure part of the circuit upstream of the 4-way valve. 52, so that it is ensured that the fluid passing through the regulator (s) 203, 205 is in the liquid phase in order to obtain an efficient operation of the installation.
• Said liquid bottle 202 contains in practice a liquid-vapor mixture of refrigerant. A separation of the liquid and vapor phases is carried out by gravity. The outlet of this liquid bottle 202 draws refrigerant at the bottom of the tank which contains refrigerant in the liquid state.
• the heat exchanger 24 subcooler comprises a first transfer circuit forming part of the refrigerant circuit 2 and disposed between the inlet channel 521 of the the valve 52 and the liquid bottle 202.
• the exchanger 24 subcooler also comprises a second transfer circuit allowing the fluid that passes through it to recover heat from the fluid passing through the first transfer circuit of said exchanger 24.
• Said second circuit transfer of exchanger 24 subcooler is mounted on the cooling circuit 33 in parallel with the transfer circuit of the exchanger 23 evaporator.
• a first solenoid valve 333 is positioned between the inlet of the transfer circuit of the exchanger 23 evaporator and the connection of the inlet of the recovery circuit of the exchanger 24 subcooler on the cooling circuit 33.
• a second solenoid valve 334 is positioned between the inlet of the second transfer circuit of the exchanger 24 subcooler and the connection of this input of the second transfer circuit to the cooling circuit 33. Said solenoid valves define the path traveled by the liquid in the cooling circuit 33.
• the refrigerant circuit includes a low pressure portion and a high pressure portion.
• the low pressure part corresponds to the branches of the refrigerant circuit traversed by the fluid which are located downstream of the holder (s) and upstream of the compressor.
• the high pressure part corresponds to the branches of the refrigerant circuit traversed by the fluid which are located upstream of the pressure regulator (s) and downstream of the compressor.
• the refrigerant circuit 2 comprises a second link node NL2 between the inlet of the bottle 201 anti-liquid stroke, the path 512 low pressure of the valve 51, the low pressure path 522 of the valve 52 and the outlet of the evaporator circuit of the exchanger 23 evaporator.
• a check valve CAR1 is arranged between the outlet of the evaporator circuit of the evaporator exchanger 23 and said second connection node NL2 to prevent the fluid from entering the evaporator exchanger 23 through the outlet of the evaporator circuit of said exchanger.
• Another check valve CAR2 is arranged between the first link node NL1 and the exchanger 22 to prevent a fluid flow from said first link node NL1 to the exchanger 22.
• a check valve CAR3 is arranged between, on the one hand, the first link node NL1 and, on the other hand, a third link node NL3 between the second expander 205 and the balancing exchanger 25, to prevent a flow of fluid from said first link node NL1 to the third link node NL3 and thus to the balancing exchanger 25.
• Said circuit comprises a non-return valve CAR4 arranged between the fourth channel 524 of the second management device 52 and the second expander 205 to prevent a circulation of fluid from the expander 205 to the fourth channel 524 of the valve 52.
• Said installation comprises a control unit 7 which comprises control means for controlling the stopping and running of each of the circulation pumps 310, 320, 330, independently of one another.
• the control unit is in the form of a programmable controller provided with a memory in which are recorded in particular threshold values as detailed below.
• the unit is configured or comprises means for performing a given operation, it means that the corresponding controller comprises instructions for performing said operation.
• the heating circuit 32 and the DHW circuit 31 are independent of each other.
• the activation or stop of each of these circuits is achieved by controlling the running or stopping of the circulation pump of the corresponding circuit.
• heating mode There are six operating modes detailed below: heating mode, simultaneous mode, cooling mode, simultaneous DHW mode, DHW mode only, and defrost mode.
• the controller uses control logic to switch from one mode to another as needed.
• the programmable logic controller is configured to control the activation of the various operating modes according to the changing needs of the building.
• the controller may include means for determining requirements using sensors and instructions as detailed below. The different modes of operation are detailed below.
• the heating mode is activated by the control unit of the system when it identifies a need for heating alone. As illustrated in FIG. 4, the activation of the heating mode corresponds to the following sequence of instructions.
• the slide of each valve 51, 52 is located in the position corresponding to a communication of the first channel 51 1, 521 with the fourth channel 514, 524 and therefore the third channel 513, 523 with the second channel 512, 522, of in order to connect the balancing exchanger 25 to the low pressure and the heat exchanger 22 to the discharge of the compressor 200.
• the pump 320 of the heating circuit 32 is activated, as well as the fan associated with the exchanger 25 balancing, while the pump of the ECS circuit 31 is stopped.
• the refrigerant which circulates in the refrigerant circuit through the compressor 200, condenses in the condenser circuit of the heat exchanger 22 to give up its heat to the fluid flowing through the transfer circuit of said heat exchanger 22 in order to be stored in the flask 321 of the heating circuit 32.
• the exchanger 21 ECS behaves as a simple pipe.
• the fan is turned on and the fluid is vaporized as it passes through the evaporator circuit of said balancing exchanger, drawing heat from the outside air and then the vapors. are sucked at the level of the bottle 201 anticoup of liquid.
• this operating mode the refrigerant does not flow through the evaporator circuit to exchange the evaporator 23, but the latter remains connected to the suction of the compressor 200 by a branch which connects it to the bottle 201 anti-coup liquid.
• this branch provided with the check valve CAR1, allows to recover the trapped charge in the evaporator and to overcome a possible compressor malfunction during transitions between modes.
• the energy storage can be activated in parallel with this heating mode.
• the pump 330 of the cooling circuit 33 is activated and the solenoid valves 333, 334 are in a position adapted to the circulation of the fluid of the cooling circuit 33 by the second transfer circuit of the exchanger 24 subcooler.
• the liquid that passes through the transfer circuit of the exchanger 24 subcooler yields by sensible transfer of heat to the fluid that flows through the pump 330 in the second transfer circuit of the heat exchanger 24 sub-cooler in order to 'to be stored in the balloon 331.
• the balloon 331 can thus store hot water for use in deferred time as explained below.
• this installation thus offers the possibility of storing a certain quantity of energy at low temperature on the cooling circuit 33 by means of the exchanger 24 subcooler.
• This stored energy can be used in deferred time, in the simultaneous modes and / or defrosting, by circulation through the evaporator exchanger 23 by reversing the opening and closing order of the two solenoid valves 333, 334 (see FIG. 2A). .
• This makes it possible to improve the performance of the installation in a simultaneous mode by increasing the evaporation temperature or, if necessary, deicing the balancing exchanger without having to draw heat from the medium to be heated. Indeed, the defrost logic of the thermofridge pump does not draw energy from the heating tank and does not consume energy for the fan.
• the defrost is performed in a special mode corresponding to cooling mode without ventilation.
• the energy used for the defrost comes from a storage of energy in the balloon which improves the performance compared to the usual mode by inversion of cycle according to the state of the art of the so-called "air-source” heat pumps. / water ".
• another mode is activated by the control unit when it identifies a heating need concomitant with a need for cooling.
• the control unit is then configured to perform the following steps.
• the slide valve 51 is in the communication position of the low pressure path 512 with the third channel 513 so that the inlet channel 51 1 communicates with the fourth channel 514.
• the input of the circuit condenser of the heat exchanger 22 is connected to the discharge outlet of the compressor, and that the balancing exchanger 25 is connected to the inlet of the bottle 201.
• the slide valve 52 is in the communication position of the low pressure path 522 with the fourth channel 524 of so that the input channel 521 communicates with the third channel 523.
• the unit also controls the activation of the pump 320 of the heating circuit 32 and the pump 330 of the cooling circuit 33.
• the pump 310 of the DHW circuit 31 is stopped, so that the condenser circuit of the exchanger 21 ECS behaves like a simple conduct.
• the solenoid valves 333, 334 are controlled so as to prevent the circulation of fluid by the second transfer circuit of the exchanger 24 subcooler and allow the circulation of said fluid by the transfer circuit of the exchanger 23 evaporator, so that the first transfer circuit of the heat exchanger 24 subcooler behaves as a simple pipe.
• the refrigerant which circulates in the refrigerant circuit through the compressor 200, condenses in the condenser circuit of the heat exchanger 22 to transfer its heat to the fluid flowing through the transfer circuit of said heat exchanger 22 to be stored in the tank 321 of the heating circuit 32.
• the fluid in the liquid state is directed by the valve 52 to the expander 203.
• the refrigerant then passes through the evaporator circuit of the evaporator exchanger 23 where it is vaporized, while the fluid of the cooling circuit 33 flowing in the transfer circuit of the exchanger 23 is cooled.
• the inlet and the outlet of the condenser / evaporator circuit of the equilibrium exchanger 25 are connected to the anti-blow bottle 201, which facilitates the reintegration of the charge of refrigerant trapped in the exchanger 25. balancing not used in this mode.
• cooling mode another mode, called cooling mode, is activated by the control unit when it identifies a need for cooling alone.
• This refresh mode includes the following steps.
• the slide of each valve 51, 52 is positioned for the communication of the fourth channel 514, 524 with the low pressure pathway 512, 522.
• the balancing exchanger 25 communicates, on the opposite side to the connection node NL3, with the discharge outlet of the compressor 200, and the other side of the balancing exchanger 25 communicates (through the bottle 202). ) with the inlet of the evaporator circuit of the exchanger 23 evaporator.
• the solenoid valves 333, 334 are controlled to allow the circulation of the cooling circuit fluid by the transfer circuit of the evaporator exchanger 23 and the pump 330 of the cooling circuit 33 is running.
• the refrigerant refrigerant circuit then passes through the evaporator circuit of the exchanger 23 evaporator where it is vaporized while the cooling circuit fluid flowing in the transfer circuit of the exchanger 23 evaporator is cooled.
• the fan is on and the fluid exiting the compressor 200 condenses in the condenser / evaporator circuit of the balancing exchanger by giving up its heat to the air.
• DHW exchangers 21, 22 and heating are not solicited in this mode and are connected to the bottle 201 anti-liquid stroke to facilitate the reintegration of the refrigerant charge.
• simultaneous DHW mode is activated by the control unit when it identifies a simultaneous need for domestic hot water (DHW) and cooling.
• the slide valve 51 is positioned to put the third channel 513 in communication with the low pressure path 512 so that the inlet channel 51 1 communicates with the fourth channel 514.
• the inlet of the condenser circuit of the exchanger 21 DHW is connected to the discharge outlet of the compressor 200 and the balancing exchanger is connected to the low pressure by the inlet of the bottle 201.
• the slide of the valve 52 is positioned to put the fourth channel 524 in communication with the low pressure path 522 so that the input channel 521 communicates with the third channel 523.
• the output of the condenser circuit of the exchanger 21 ECS communicates with the inlet of the evaporator circuit of the exchanger 23 evaporator.
• the unit controls the activation of the pump 310 of the DHW circuit 31 and the pump 330 of the cooling circuit 33.
• this mode corresponds to that of the simultaneous mode except that the condensation of the refrigerant takes place in the exchanger 21 ECS, and not in the heat exchanger 22 which behaves like a simple pipe.
• ECS mode is activated by the control unit when it identifies a single need DHW DHW.
• This mode includes the following steps.
• the slide of each valve 51, 52 is in position ensuring the communication of the third channel 513, 523 with the low pressure path 512, 522, so that each input channel 51 1, 521 communicates with the fourth channel 514 , 524.
• the inlet of the condenser circuit of the exchanger 21 communicates with the discharge outlet of the compressor 200 and the outlet of the condenser circuit of the exchanger 21 communicates with the inlet of the condenser / evaporator circuit of the exchanger 25 balancing.
• the output of said condenser / evaporator circuit of the balancing exchanger 25 communicates with the inlet of the bottle 201.
• the unit controls the activation of the pump 310 of the ECS circuit 31 and preferably the fan associated with the balancing exchanger.
• this mode is similar to that of the heating mode with the difference that the refrigerant condenses in the exchanger 21 ECS, while the heat exchanger 22 behaves as a simple pipe.
• the installation according to the invention makes it possible to defrost the balancing exchanger 25 in defrost mode (FIG. 9).
• the unit executes a mode, called defrosting mode that includes the following steps.
• the fourth channel 514, 524 is placed in communication with the low pressure pathway 512, 522 so that the inlet channel 51 1, 521 communicates with the third channel 513, 523.
• the solenoid valves 333, 334 of the cooling circuit 33 are controlled so as to prevent the circulation of fluid of the cooling circuit 33 by the second transfer circuit of the exchanger 24 subcooler and to allow the circulation of said fluid by the transfer circuit of the exchanger 23 evaporator.
• the unit controls the activation of the pump 330 of the cooling circuit 33.
• the unit controls the shutdown of the fan 250 associated with the balancing exchanger.
• the second transfer circuit of the exchanger 24 subcooler being by-passed, the hot fluid previously stored in the tank 33 during a heating mode, travels the transfer circuit of the exchanger 23 evaporator and gives up its heat the refrigerant flowing in the evaporator circuit of said exchanger 23 evaporator, which allows the vaporize and then pass through the balancing exchanger 25 and thus defrost its circuit.
• the energy stored in the coolant flask 331 can also be used in delayed time to vaporize the refrigerant in the exchanger 23 which condenses in the exchanger 21 or 22 during a simultaneous type mode or simultaneous DHW for which the pump 330 is turned on to use the energy stored in the balloon 331.
• the balancing exchanger 25 When the balancing exchanger 25 operates either as a condenser or an evaporator, the refrigerant flows through all the tubes of the balancing exchanger.
• each flask 31, 32, 33 is equipped with a Tecs, Teec, Teef temperature probe disposed inside said flask.
• the Compressor 200 is equipped with a BP pressure sensor input and an HP pressure sensor output.
• the refrigerant circuit preferably comprises a Teea temperature probe located at the inlet of the balancing exchanger and a Tcross temperature probe located on the outer surface of the condenser / evaporator circuit of the balancing exchanger.
• Said control unit 7 is configured to control the transition from one operating mode of the installation to another according to the measured pressure and temperature values and predefined threshold values.
• the heating, cooling and domestic hot water needs of the building are determined by value comparison operations carried out using differential thermostats and comparators.
• differential thermostats include a heating thermostat to define the need for heating, a cooling thermostat to define the need for cooling, and a hot water thermostat to define the need for hot water.
• CECS, CCH and CRAF are setpoint temperature values
• DIFECS, DIFCH and DIFRAF are temperature differential values.
• defrost mode is engaged.
• the dew point temperature is determined from an equation with the input parameter of the compressor as the input parameter.
• the surface Tcross temperature of the balancing exchanger is greater than a certain threshold SFDGIV, the defrosting phase is stopped.
• FIG 13 illustrates simultaneous failover control logic ("simultaneous failover") or heating mode ("failover”).
• heater Failover in simultaneous mode during operation in heating mode is managed by another differential thermostat.
• CSR is a setpoint temperature value and DIFSR is a temperature differential value.
• Performance is calculated from steady state test records. A 30 minute stabilization period precedes the one hour steady state acquisition period. The data acquisition step is 10 seconds. The consumption of the pumps and the fan is taken into account in the calculation of the Coefficient of Performance (COP) and the energy efficiency of cooling (EER) of the thermo-pump.
• COP Coefficient of Performance
• EER energy efficiency of cooling
• Figure 14 shows the coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump in heating mode as a function of the air temperature for a hot water production temperature of 35 ° C (curve "COP 35 ° C") and 45 ° C ("COP 45 ° C" curve).
• COP 35 ° C the coefficient of performance
• COP 45 ° C the heat output is 1 1 kW at -7 ° C outside air and 17.5 kW at 7 ° C.
• FIG 15 shows the cooling energy efficiency (EER) of the thermofridge pump in cooling mode for different air temperatures with a cold water production at 7 ° C ("EER SEF 7 ° C” curve) and 14 ° C (curve “EER SEF 14 ° C”).
• the cooling capacity delivered varies from 13.4 to 19 kW.
• Figure 16 shows the coefficient of performance (COP) of heat pump in simultaneous mode depending on the water temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger and for a cold water production temperature of 7 ° C (curve “TFP SEF 7 ° C”) and 15 ° C (curve “TFP SEF 15 ° C”).

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
• Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)

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• 2013
  • 2013-07-29 FR FR1357482A patent/FR3009071B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2014
  • 2014-07-28 EP EP14750586.1A patent/EP3027978B1/de active Active
  • 2014-07-28 WO PCT/FR2014/051948 patent/WO2015015104A1/fr active Application Filing

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