Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
  • E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
  • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
  • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
  • E04B1/7625—Details of the adhesive connection of the insulation to the wall
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
  • C04B28/04—Portland cements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
  • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
  • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
  • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
  • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
  • E04F13/18—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements of organic plastics with or without reinforcements or filling materials or with an outer layer of organic plastics with or without reinforcements or filling materials; plastic tiles
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
  • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
  • E04F13/21—Fastening means specially adapted for covering or lining elements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
  • C04B2111/00267—Materials permeable to vapours or gases
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
  • C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure

Definitions

• the invention relates to the external contact thermal insulation system for walls made of solid and hollow bricks, concrete, lightweight concrete and foamed concrete, or any combination of these materials. Background of the invention
• thermal insulation systems are used where a thermal insulator takes the form of expanded polystyrene sheets or mineral wool (fibreglass) sheets.
• Expanded polystyrene is subjected to various treatments to best fit its future application, yet the material suffers from one disadvantage - insufficient diffusion of water vapour. This causes condensation of internal vapours, formation of moulds and moisture build-up in the building.
• Expanded polystyrene is glued and coated with adhesive cements with a high diffusion resistance. The entire system is characterized by a low permeability of water vapour. Insulating properties of polyurethane are well-know, but its installation on the wall is problematic. The insulation lining panels should perfectly adhere to the wall, with a high durability of adhesion. This aspect has not been successfully resolved yet.
• various sprayed polyurethane-based insulations are used as well as panel insulations for additional roof insulation; these types of insulation do not require gluing.
• the invention aims to develop a system for contact thermal insulation.
• the lining panels must have a long lifetime and good adhesion to the wall.
• the visible surface finish must conform to the aesthetic criteria, but above all must not deteriorate thermal insulating properties of the lining panels and must not increase the diffusion resistance to the transmittance of water vapour.
• the basic requirement is to achieve a significant increase in the permeability of the thermal insulation layer to water vapour. It is desirable that the insulated buildings are not sealed for water vapour, otherwise the following may occur in older buildings: capillary rise of soil moisture, condensation of atmospheric moisture and subsequent formation of mould as well as generation of adverse micro-climate inside the building where it is impossible to maintain stable human-friendly air humidity.
• the aforementioned task solves the exterior contact thermal insulation system for walls of buildings, comprising at least a heat-insulating layer and a visible facade layer, the substance of which is that the insulating material is represented by rigid polyurethane sheets, thickness of 10-180 mm, with a bulk density of 30-60 kg/m3, which are anchored to the wall by means of a diffusion- permeable adhesive cement with an admixture of polyurethane f action of up to 1.5 mm.
• the layers are provided a diffusion-permeable levelling cement with an admixture of polyurethane f actions of up to 1.0 mm, applied through a mesh of glass fabric with a surface density of 140-320 g m2.
• the layer of levelling cement is applied a bonding primer and a layer of visible silicone or silicone-silicate or silicate plaster.
• the adhesive and levelling cement in optimal concentration have a bulk density of between 1100 and 1200 kg/m3, they also contain polyurethane fraction accounting for at least 3.5% of volume.
• the visible layer of the plaster contains grains of sizes between 1.0 and 3.0 mm, based on the intended use.
• the thermal insulation system offers several advantages, based on the particular technical design. Its thickness is by 50-60% smaller than that of expanded polystyrene sheets or fibreglass, with comparable thermal-insulating effect. The main advantage, however, is the diffusion permeability for water vapour. The currently used systems have a high diffusion resistance factor, while the present system, based on the technical design, achieves ⁇ ⁇ 20. Another advantage is the possibility of recycling the lining material at the end of its lifetime. Overview of figures included in the drawings
• Figure 1 is a sectional view of individual layers of the thermal insulation system
• Figure 2 is a simple vertical section of the system installed on a wall.
• the thermally insulated building is an outbuilding used to stable livestock.
• Walls are made of solid concrete. Lightweight insulation is required, along with rustic outlook of the plaster, coarse grain.
• a layer of adhesive cement 2 is applied onto the wall.
• the cement consists of at least 3.5% of polyurethane grains with a size of up to 1.0 mm.
• Polyurethane sheets 3, thickness of 20 mm, are used as the thermal insulation layer. As regards the required lightweight thermal insulation, the thickness is sufficient.
• Bulk density should be set to at least 50 kg/m3, or up to 60 kg/m3 because of the required higher mechanical resistance owing to the use of the building.
• the mesh 5 made of glass fabric is laid on and glued to the polyurethane sheets 3 using the diffusion-permeable levelling cement 4. Its surface density is - due to the required resistance and a coarser appearance of the exterior surface - rather higher, i.e. 300 g/m2.
• the levelling cement 4 should also contain polyurethane grains, at least 3.5% of volume.
• the cemented mesh 5 is applied a bonding primer 6 in the required hue, and the top coat is applied in the form of silicone or silicate plaster 7, which should contain grains with a size of up to 3.0 mm. Based on the requirements for its appearance, the plaster is implemented as trowelled and combed, due to the grain size a coarser rustic appearance is achieved.
• composition of the thermal insulation system allows a significant variability of implementation, in this case the lightweight thermal insulation for livestock.
• the use of stiffer boards 3 and a stronger mesh 5 allowed the application of a thicker layer of external plaster, which was subsequently combed to achieve the desired appearance.
• the thermally insulated building is a small holiday cottage, occasionally used in wintertime too.
• the walls are made of one row of solid bricks. Stronger insulation is required as well as smooth and simple exterior appearance.
• the brick wall is applied a layer of adhesive cement 2 whose volume should contain at least 3.5% of polyurethane grains, with a size of up to 1.0 mm.
• Polyurethane sheets 3, thickness of 150 mm, are used as the thermal insulation layer. A greater thickness should be chosen due to the required stronger insulation.
• the chosen bulk density is 30 kg m3. As the building is located in a protected area, a higher resistance of insulation to the mechanical damage is not expected, therefore a lower bulk density should be used.
• the mesh 5 made of glass fabric is laid on and glued to the polyurethane sheets 3 using the diffusion-permeable levelling cement 4. Its surface density should also be lower, i.e.
• the levelling cement 4 also contains polyurethane grains, at least 3.5% of volume.
• the cemented mesh 5 is applied a bonding primer 6 in the required hue, and the top coat is applied in the form of silicone or silicate plaster 7, which should contain grains with a size of up to 3 mm. Based on the requirements for its appearance, the plaster is implemented as trowelled and smooth, due to the grain size a smooth pure appearance is achieved.
• All the used layers are diffusion-permeable, therefore the entire building remains vapour permeable, which is necessary for a holiday facility that is not regularly ventilated. This is to prevent, for example, the formation of damp corners due to condensation of atmospheric moisture and mould formation.
• the diffusion-permeable adhesive cement 2 and diffusion-permeable levelling cement 4 are used, consisting of Portland cement and hydrate of lime with an admixture of polyurethane fraction which provides the diffusion- permeability for water vapour.
• the mesh 5 made of glass fabric may be used on the basis of requirements for appearance or mechanical strength, with a surface density of 140 to 320 g/m2.
• the construction rigid polyurethane sheets 3 may be used in various thicknesses, typically from 10 to 180 mm, and various bulk densities from 30 to 60 kg/m3.
• the only condition for a high diffusion permeability is the use of silicone or silicate or silicone-silicate plaster 7 as the exterior visible layer. It can be filled with grains of different sizes, based on the required appearance and surface finish.
• thermal insulation system for building walls may be used in industry as repeatedly applicable with declared effect achieved in various options, to the extent of the patented claims.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)

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• 2013
  • 2013-06-05 CZ CZ2013-423A patent/CZ307788B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2014
  • 2014-03-18 PL PL407575A patent/PL407575A1/pl unknown
  • 2014-06-05 EP EP14744428.5A patent/EP3022366A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2014-06-05 WO PCT/CZ2014/000061 patent/WO2014194873A1/en active Application Filing

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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