Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
  • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
  • E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
  • E02D29/0241—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being reinforced earth elements
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
  • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
  • E02D29/025—Retaining or protecting walls made up of similar modular elements stacked without mortar
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
  • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a building block and a wall wall composed of at least two such superimposed blocks.
• this wall wall can serve as a retaining wall with the possibility of integrating or recesses through the building blocks of said wall, these recesses can for example receive soil in order to plant plant elements covering .
• a wall wall acting as a retaining wall can be several meters high.
• This wall can also be used to make different buildings such as a stepped wall, a riverbank development, a protection merlon or merlon noise.
• the problem underlying the present invention is to consolidate the bonding between two building blocks of a wall wall so that this connection can effectively withstand various stresses imposed on it, including a different horizontal thrust exerted on building blocks superimposed on one another or with each other.
• a building block intended to be superimposed on at least one similar building block, said block comprising an upper face, a lower face, a front face, a rear face and faces.
• longitudinal and at least one cell the at least one cell passing through the block from its lower face to its upper face and being delimited by solid longitudinal and transverse walls whose intersections form wedge areas of cell
• said block of construction comprising at least one notch protruding beyond the lower face and configured to allow a fastening with the similar building block, characterized in that it comprises a beam to at least one cell corner zone, the beam traversing the block from its lower face to its upper face and extending, in a first direction of its cross section, on a portion of a longitudinal wall, and in a second direction of its cross section on a portion of a transverse wall, the at least one notch being formed by one end of the beam.
• the beam thus formed is a mechanical reinforcing element projecting inside a cell at a corner of intersection of two walls delimiting said
• the block has increased resistance at stress concentration areas that are the corners of cells.
• the notches arranged at the level of the beams have a better resistance, in particular in shear, relative to notches protruding along the thickness of the walls of the block.
• the beams perform at the same time as the notches, mechanical assemblies associating, in a manner similar to a triangulation, the transverse and longitudinal walls.
• each cell of the first group comprising a beam, the beams being symmetrical relative to the inner longitudinal wall.
• the beams of the cells of the first group are located on cell corner areas located near opposite longitudinal faces.
• It comprises, immediately behind its front face, a central cavity passing through said block and comprising two beams on cell corner areas located near opposite longitudinal faces.
• the two beams of the central cavity extend on a transverse wall located at the rear of the central cavity relative to the front face, and the two beams of the cells of the first group extend on a transverse wall located at the front of the first group of cells relative to the front face.
• the second group has no beam.
• the longitudinal walls are thicker than the transverse walls.
• Each notch has a substantially rectangular or square section.
• the rear face comprises at least one rear beam with an end projecting beyond the lower face forming a rear notch.
• the front has, projecting on its edge on the underside, a notch front.
• the projecting heights of the notches, the at least one rear notch and the front notch are identical.
• the invention also relates to a wall wall, characterized in that it is formed of at least two such building blocks, an upper building block being superimposed on at least one lower block of similar construction, at least one notch of the block respectively higher or lower penetrating and advantageously producing a support in a cell of the block respectively lower or higher.
• the wall wall incorporates, between two superimposed building blocks, a geogrid having meshes, each notch of the upper building block being shaped to penetrate into one of the meshes of said grid.
• the wall wall comprises at least two adjacent lower blocks, the same superimposed block covering at least partially the two adjacent lower blocks.
• the superimposed block is shifted by being retracting or projecting with respect to the lower block (s).
• the at least two blocks of the same level are offset relative to each other so that their front faces form a non-rectilinear front.
• the superimposed upper block has an inclination with respect to the lower block (s).
• the building block comprises a front notch projecting on the edge of its front face located on the lower face, the open notch being configured to be applied by its flanks on the wall of the front face of the lower building block .
• FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a perspective bottom view of a building block according to a first embodiment of the present invention, this figure showing in particular the notches for joining the block with at least one similar block on which it is superimposed,
• FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a bottom view of the building block according to FIG. 1 and in accordance with the present invention
• FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a perspective bottom view of a building block according to FIG. a second embodiment of the present invention, this second form differing essentially from the first form by the configuration of the front face,
• FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a bottom view of a wall wall according to the present invention, said wall wall being constituted by the superposition of two levels of building blocks, each superimposed building block being mounted overlapping on two lower building blocks,
• Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a top view of a wall wall with blocks organized in levels with a fruit
• FIG. 6 is a schematic representation revealing the ability of the blocks to stack at 90 ° stably despite the notches, for example for palletizing.
• FIG. 7 illustrates in a similar way to FIG. 6 a stack in parallel superposition of the blocks, for example for a palletization
• Figures 12 to 16 show examples revealing the multiplicity of assemblies achievable by the block of the invention, examples illustrated with the block of Figure 1 1.
• Figures 1 and 2 show a building block 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention, while Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of the invention.
• Figures 1 and 2 show a building block 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention
• Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of the invention.
• the block 1 of construction is intended to be superimposed on at least a similar building block, to achieve a wall that can be used for example retaining wall.
• the means for securing in the form of notches are formed on the lower face of the blocks, in order to cooperate, in superposition, with cells of lower blocks.
• the orientation of the block 1 can, however, be reversed with the underside facing the height so that the notches protrude upwards.
• the adjective "inferior” must therefore be understood without limitation relative to the orientation that will be given to the block during assembly to cooperate with superimposed blocks.
• the blocks therefore have two potential orientations, notches up or notches down.
• Block 1 of construction is of substantially parallelepiped shape but this is not mandatory, said block 1 may also have another shape with for example a triangular longitudinal section or a trapezoidal shape.
• Block 1 comprises a front face 8 and a rear face 10 joined by an upper face, a lower face and longitudinal faces.
• the upper and lower faces are hollow by having at least one internal hollow portion.
• the front face 8 of the block 1 has been modified to not exactly correspond to one side of the parallelepiped. This feature is not essential, the block 1 may also have the exact shape of a parallelepiped, will be described in more detail later.
• the upper and lower faces are plane and parallel to each other.
• the entire block 1 is advantageously made in one piece, including the beams 1 1 described below in detail, that is to say in one piece of a single material.
• Block 1 comprises cells 2 whose number is not limited. It preferably has a first group of cells and a central cell 7 which are equipped with beams 1 1 described below.
• the internal hollow portion is formed by two groups of two cells 2, each of the cells 2 completely passing through the block 1 from its lower face to its upper face, the two groups being delimited by longitudinal and transverse walls 3 4 full.
• the four cells 2 are arranged in two consecutive groups in the length of the block 1, the two groups being separated by a common transverse wall 12.
• a block 1 according to the present invention may contain one or more cells 2 of different shapes and with a different distribution than that illustrated in Figures 1 to 3.
• Each of the two groups of cavities 2 occupies the greater part of the width of the building block 1, leaving as solid portions in said block 1 only the two longitudinal sides 3 delimiting a group of cavities 2 on each longitudinal side of the block 1 and an inner longitudinal wall 6 between two cells 2 of the same group.
• the two groups of cells 2 advantageously occupy two thirds of the length of the block 1, essentially the middle and rear portions of said block 1, the front portion of said block 1 may comprise a recess 7, as will be seen more precisely later.
• securing means comprise notches 5 protruding from the upper block in the direction of its height, each of the notches 5 being associated with a respective cell 2 carried by the lower block and being disposed on the lower face of the block 1.
• the notches are arranged to allow various relative mounting configurations of the blocks 1 and are, according to the invention, typically constituted to provide high mechanical strength.
• the notches 5 are each constituted by an end of a beam 1 1.
• An example of beams 1 1 is given, with for example, a square section, in Figures 1 to 3.
• the beams 1 1 extend along the height of the block, between the upper face and the lower face, and are placed in a cell 2. More specifically, each beam 1 1 is located in a cell corner zone, that is to say say at the location of an intersection between a longitudinal wall and a transverse wall delimiting said cell 2.
• the corner areas are substantially at right angles but this case is not limiting.
• the beam 1 1 cooperates both with a transverse wall and with the corresponding longitudinal wall, being in their continuity inside the cell 2.
• the beams 1 1 are reinforcing portions of the cell corners 2 offering better resistance.
• the thickness of certain walls, in particular of transverse walls may be reduced, for example to between 50% and 80% of the thickness of the longitudinal walls 3.
• Form the notches 5 in the distal zone of the beams 1 1 is advantageous because it offers great resistance. This also allows to benefit from areas of important section for the notches. In addition, in case of breakage of a notch 5, it does not degrade the longitudinal and transverse walls of the block 1.
• the section of the beams 1 1 is for example configured to have, in length and width, a dimension between 60 and 140% of the thickness of the longitudinal walls 3. In general, it is arranged for the beams 1 1 occupy less than 50% of the corresponding internal dimension of the cell 2 in which it is placed.
• the notch which is in the extension of a beam does not extend laterally beyond the surface of the beam so that the forces supported by the notch are transmitted to the rest of the block only via the beam .
• the block 1 first comprises two beams 1 1 each in a cell 2 of the first group of cells, here towards the rear face 10 of the block 1.
• the beams equip corner zones situated forward, that is to say, the most towards the front face 8 and advantageously these are zones of the outermost corners, that is to say near the longitudinal faces of the block 1.
• each notch 5 of a block 1 according to the present invention has a substantially rectangular or square section, but this is not mandatory.
• the notches 5 preferably have at least one right angle in their angle configured to be applied on the walls of the cell of the block with which they cooperate so as to form a double support, in two perpendicular directions (transverse and longitudinal).
• the notches 5 advantageously have the same section as the rest of the beams 1 1.
• the block 1 may have towards its front face 8 a central cavity 7 passing through said block 1.
• the central cell 7 has, at two corner zones, beams
• the recovery support between beams 1 1 and transverse wall 4 operates rearwardly while it operates forward for the beams 1 1 cooperating with the transverse wall 12 for the first group of cells.
• the rear face 10 of the block 1 may have rear beams 13, these shapes may improve the aesthetics of the block 1 or improve the rear anchorage of the block 1 of construction in the supported element , for example from the earth.
• the rear beams 13 can also be used for fixing a geogrid 16.
• two beams 13 are made symmetrically with respect to the inner longitudinal wall 6, which preferably constitutes a plane of symmetry for the entire block. 1.
• the beams 13 may be of larger section than the beams 1 January.
• the beams 13 By forming a relief on the rear face 10, the beams 13 also make it possible to trap the sounds and therefore have an acoustic insulation function when the rear face is exposed outside the wall wall 17.
• the beams 13 also carry notches 14 projecting on the underside. These notches 14 complete the horizontal stability of the block 1 when it is placed, for example on the ground or on other blocks 1, for palletizing or for mounting wall wall.
• This stability can be completed by a front notch 15 carried by the wall of the front face 8, projecting along its thickness, beyond the lower face.
• all the notches 5, 14, 15 have the same height of projection. They also preferentially have a plane distal surface.
• Figures 6 and 7 illustrate in this context that the blocks can then be easily superimposed for storage and transport, either in parallel ( Figure 7) or alternating blocks by levels shifted by 90 ° ( Figure 6).
• the distal surface of the notches 5, 14, 15 then constitutes a bearing surface distributed over different points of the block 1.
• notch 15 is optionally at the center of the width of the front face.
• the inclined flanks preferably join the outer face of the block and the inner face of the central recess 7.
• the width of the notch 15 is preferably decreasing towards the inside of the block 1.
• the inclined flanks serve to provide contact zones with the front face 8 (or other parts) of superimposed blocks.
• Figure 8 gives an example.
• the angle of the inclined flanks may be identical to that of the intermediate side 9 of the front face 8.
• the front face 8 of the block 1 advantageously in the form of a parallelepiped is tapered having several facets while in Figure 3 the front face 8 of the block 1 of construction is rounded. This corresponds to a front face shape 8 chosen to constitute the most visible part of the desired wall wall.
• the central cavity 7 of the front portion of the building block 1 is of polygonal shape with several sides 9, while in Figure 3, the central recess 7 has a rounded portion 9a forming its portion facing the front of the block 1.
• Figure 8 shows the overlap of the underside of two adjacent blocks 1 by a geogrid 16 having meshes 16a. At least one notch 5 of the building blocks 1, is shaped to be able to penetrate into one of the meshes 16a of said grid 16. This makes it possible to increase the horizontal resistance of a wall wall made of superimposed blocks, the geogrid 16 limiting the movements notches 5 either forwards or backwards or laterally, the geogrid 16 may in particular provide a connection to a backfill. This cooperation also appears in Figures 9 and 10.
• the notches 5 of the cell 7 can also be used for the retention of the geogrid.
• FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a wall wall made of at least two building blocks, a lower building block receiving at least one similar building block superimposed on it and covering it at least partially, at least one notch; the upper block penetrating into a cell of the lower block.
• This configuration can be used to form phonic retaining wall screens.
• FIG. 4 shows a wall wall 17 constituted by the superposition of two levels of building blocks, each building block 1 inf of a lower level being overlapped by two upper building blocks respectively 1 and 1 ', 1' and 1 " , 1 "and 1" '.
• the lower left-most inferior building block 1 of FIG. 4 is covered for its first rightmost longitudinal half by the upper building block 1, its other longitudinal half being covered by the upper building block 1 '. adjacent to the above mentioned building block 1.
• the other three lower building blocks 1 inf are covered in the same way by two longitudinal blocks, 1 'and 1 ", 1" and 1 "respectively.
• the lower right inferior building block 1 of FIG. 6 is covered for its first leftmost longitudinal half by the upper building block 1 "'.
• Each lower building block 1 inf has two groups of two cells 2inf, ie four cells, while each upper building block 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1"' is provided with four notches 5, said notches 5 penetrating respectively into a 2inf associated cell carried by a lower building block 1 inf.
• Two notches 5 of an upper building block 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1"' enter a lower building block 1 inf while the other two notches 5 of said upper building block 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1 "'penetrate into the lower building block directly adjacent to the aforementioned lower building block 1 inf.
• the same level of building blocks is not aligned but forms a non-rectilinear front, for example a convex or concave front curve, their front or rear faces being then kept spaced from each other.
• FIG. 4 shows that one face of the assembly is formed by the combination of the front faces of the blocks and that the opposite face is formed by the combination of the rear faces of the blocks.
• Each of these two faces of assemblies can form the front of the structure that is to say with surface exposed outside, the other face being oriented on the side of the slope.
• the wall wall has an inclination relative to the vertical, this inclination can be for example 15 °.
• this inclination can be for example 15 °.
• the offsets in a horizontal plane of the rows of blocks provide, at the recesses 7, locations for greening the block stack.
• This configuration can also serve as a sound protection merlon.
• Figure 1 1 shows a variant of the block of Figure 1 wherein the notches 5 of the beams 1 1 are the only elements protruding from the face of the block. Notches before 15 and rear 14 are absent in this case, which can increase the possibilities of combining the blocks in superposition.
• Figures 12 to 16 show examples.
• a wall wall 17 is formed with a row of blocks whose front face is directed in a first direction and with a second row, superimposed, with a front face of opposite direction. This alternation of meaning can be pursued on other rows.
• the configuration of Figure 14 is close but the lower and upper rows have a different relative longitudinal placement the notches 5 and the cells cooperating differently. The result is visible in perspective in figure 13.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Revetment (AREA)
• Retaining Walls (AREA)
• Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
• Fencing (AREA)

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Publications (2)

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• 2013
  • 2013-07-18 FR FR1357050A patent/FR3008722B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2014
  • 2014-07-16 SG SG11201600314YA patent/SG11201600314YA/en unknown
  • 2014-07-16 TN TN2016000016A patent/TN2016000016A1/fr unknown
  • 2014-07-16 EP EP14742189.5A patent/EP3022362B1/de active Active
  • 2014-07-16 MY MYPI2016000064A patent/MY187065A/en unknown
  • 2014-07-16 CA CA2918360A patent/CA2918360A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2014-07-16 US US14/905,633 patent/US20160160468A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2014-07-16 WO PCT/EP2014/065300 patent/WO2015007796A2/fr active Application Filing

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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