EP3016206A1 - Potential compensation cable - Google Patents
Potential compensation cable Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3016206A1 EP3016206A1 EP15020200.0A EP15020200A EP3016206A1 EP 3016206 A1 EP3016206 A1 EP 3016206A1 EP 15020200 A EP15020200 A EP 15020200A EP 3016206 A1 EP3016206 A1 EP 3016206A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cable
- connection
- sub
- equipotential bonding
- conductors
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/10—Sockets for co-operation with pins or blades
- H01R13/11—Resilient sockets
- H01R13/115—U-shaped sockets having inwardly bent legs, e.g. spade type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/02—Soldered or welded connections
- H01R4/021—Soldered or welded connections between two or more cables or wires
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
- H01R4/64—Connections between or with conductive parts having primarily a non-electric function, e.g. frame, casing, rail
- H01R4/646—Connections between or with conductive parts having primarily a non-electric function, e.g. frame, casing, rail for cables or flexible cylindrical bodies
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R11/00—Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member, blocks of binding posts
- H01R11/11—End pieces or tapping pieces for wires, supported by the wire and for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal or conductive member
- H01R11/12—End pieces terminating in an eye, hook, or fork
Definitions
- the invention relates to an equipotential bonding cable for use on plant or machine parts, in particular between fire dampers and ventilation ducts, comprising at least a first sub-conductor which is separably connected to at least a second sub-conductor to a line, and a method for producing a potential equalization of plant or machine parts , In particular between fire dampers and ventilation ducts, wherein a separation point having an electrically conductive connection between two plant or machine parts is made.
- a potential equalization cable of the type mentioned is from the DE 10 2008 053 195 A1 known.
- the disclosed earthing strap consists of four leads which are severed at different length positions; the respective sub-lines are connected at the separation points by plug connections. At a defined tensile load, the individual connectors are zipper-like separated.
- This relates to a potential equalization line with a temperature-dependent predetermined breaking point, which is formed by a solder with a low melting point. In case of fire, the equipotential bonding is thus separated, so that any mechanical stress on a fire damper is avoided.
- the invention provides an equipotential bonding cable of the aforementioned type, in which the separable connection between the at least one first sub-conductor and the at least one second sub-conductor comprises a combination of a non-positive connection with a releasable by heat connection.
- the non-positive connection can be solved upon reaching a predetermined tensile load.
- This configuration ensures that in case of fire and excessive mechanical stress, the equipotential bonding cable is separated and thus other components of a system, in particular as a fire damper, before to high mechanical loads are protected. At the same time, the electrical connection is maintained as long as possible even in case of fire, and unintentional disconnection is prevented by the connection which is solid at low temperatures.
- the predetermined tensile load, in which the non-positive connection is released can be adapted to the location of the equipotential bonding cable; i.e. depending on which maximum mechanical loads are tolerable or desirable for parts connected to the equipotential bonding cable, the tensile strength of the non-positive connection can be selected.
- the tensile strength of the frictional connection may be in the range of 10N and 100N or in the range of 10N and 50N.
- a maximum load of 50N may be provided, for example, when connected to a fire damper.
- connection can be provided in particular a plug or clamp connection.
- a connection is simple, possibly even without tools, can be produced and allows a good conductive connection between the sub-conductors; the desired maximum tensile load can be adjusted by design of the connector or the strength of the clamp.
- the heat-releasable compound for example, at a temperature between 50 ° C and 100 ° C, preferably between 70 ° C and 100 ° C, be soluble. This is a sufficiently large distance to possibly regularly occurring at the site temperatures, and at higher heat development such as in case of fire, the compound is dissolved in any case.
- a solder joint having a solder having a low melting point e.g. at about 70 ° C or about 94 ° C.
- the equipotential bonding cable may comprise a plurality of first sub-conductors and a plurality of second sub-conductors, wherein in each case a first and a second sub-conductor with a combination of a non-positive connection with a when exposed to heat detachable connection to a line are connected.
- all first sub-conductors can be connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner and / or all second sub-conductors can be connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner.
- the plural lines thus formed may have different lengths.
- the equipotential bonding cable may comprise at least two lines connected at their ends, wherein the at least two lines are formed of at least two partial conductors of different lengths, which are interconnected by means of a combination of a releasable plug-in connection with a heat-releasable connection, so that a separable connection point of the cable network is formed.
- the plug-in connections of the at least two lines can be arranged relative to one another at different length positions. Due to the different length of the individual wires, a secure separation of the connection in the manner of a zipper system can be effected.
- the at least two lines are connected to one another via a tubular cable lug.
- the handling of the individual cables is facilitated during assembly of the equipotential bonding cable.
- the invention provides a method for producing equipotential bonding on plant or machine parts, in particular between fire dampers and ventilation ducts, wherein a separation point having an electrically conductive connection between two plant or machine parts is produced, characterized in that the separation point as a combination of a non-positive connection is made with a heat releasable compound.
- a separation point having an electrically conductive connection between two plant or machine parts is produced, characterized in that the separation point as a combination of a non-positive connection is made with a heat releasable compound.
- the above-described equipotential bonding cable according to the invention can be used as the electrically conductive connection.
- FIG. 1A shows an embodiment of an equipotential bonding cable 10, consisting of two sub-conductors 11 and 12, each having at one end a cable lug equipped with an eyelet 13a, 13b.
- the eyelets are used for fixed connection of the respective sub-conductor 11, 12 to the components to be connected to the equipotential bonding cable, for example by means of a screw connection.
- a connector is provided, in the example consisting of a plug 14 on the first sub-conductor 11 and a socket 15 on the second sub-conductor 12.
- plug 14 and socket 15 here each have a cable lug 16a, 16b on.
- the cable lugs 13a, 13b, 16a and 16b by means of a crimp or crimp on the respective sub-conductor 11, 12 are attached.
- a very strong and electrically good conductive connection is produced in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
- the sub-conductors 11, 12 consist of an insulated strand, usually in green-yellow color.
- Cross-section and length of the sub-conductors 11, 12 are to be selected depending on the respective location.
- the cross section can be 1.5mm 2 , 2.5mm 3 , 6mm 2 or even more.
- the length of each sub-conductor 11, 12 may be for example about 100mm to 300mm.
- FIG. 1A shows the unconnected state of the sub-conductors 11, 12 of the equipotential bonding cable 10 shows FIG. 1B the equipotential bonding cable 10 in the connected state of the sub-conductors 11, 12th
- the plug connection between the plug 14 and socket 15 is closed, whereby in the longitudinal direction of the equipotential bonding cable 10, a frictional connection is generated.
- a connector has a limited holding force, which is usually far below that of a properly executed crimped when using a corresponding tool. Therefore, commercial plug / socket combinations already have holding forces in the order of magnitude of usefulness here. Furthermore, the holding force could be further adjusted by the configuration of the plug 14 and socket 15, such as by up or bend the bracket to the socket 15th
- a crimped or clamped connection instead of a plug connection, wherein the holding force of the connection can also be set by the crimping or clamping force applied during assembly. This can be accomplished, for example, by means of a suitably adjustable crimping or clamping tool.
- the sub-conductors 11, 12 are connected by a soldering point 17 (shown hatched) at the same point.
- a mechanically strong and furthermore highly conductive connection between the sub-conductors 11, 12 is provided, which is secured against unintentional or erroneous release.
- the solder used for the soldering point 17 is a solder which melts at low temperatures, for example solder solder Sn 13.1, Pb 27.3, Bi 49.5, Cd 10.1 with a melting temperature of 70 ° C. or solder Sn 25.0, Pb 25.0, Bi 50.0 with a melting temperature of 94 ° C. In case of fire, therefore, the soldering point 17 will melt due to the correspondingly high ambient temperature and thus the solder connection between the partial conductors 11, 12 will be released.
- FIG. 1C shows a variant 10a of the equipotential bonding cable Figures 1A and 1B ,
- the plug 14 is attached directly to an eyelet, so that the first sub-conductor 11 consists practically of the plug 14 together with a means for attachment to a machine or equipment part.
- the required cable length is provided in this variant alone by the second sub-conductor 12.
- the second sub-conductor could instead consist only of bushing 15 and fastening means.
- on the mated connection between the plug 14 and socket 15 is still a solder joint in the same way as to FIG. 1B described apply.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B show a further embodiment of an equipotential bonding cable 20, which consists of several sub-lines, which in each case again in the same way as in connection with Figures 1A and 1B be composed of two sub-conductors. In this case, the individual sub-pipes have different lengths.
- FIG. 2A shows the individual components of the equipotential bonding cable 20 and FIG. 2B the equipotential bonding cable 20 by way of example in fully assembled form.
- the equipotential bonding cable 20 consists of four first partial conductors 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d and four second partial conductors 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d.
- the first sub-conductors 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d are combined at one end in a lug 23a provided with an eyelet and have at the other end a plug 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d.
- the second sub-conductors 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d are combined at one end in a lug 23b provided with an eyelet and have at the other end one of the plugs 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d of the first sub-conductors 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d matching socket 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d.
- a first and second sub-conductors 21a, 22a, ... 21d, 22d are plugged together to form a sub-line and the connector with a solder point 27a, 27b, 27c, 27d (hatched) provided.
- the procedure corresponds to the connection of the sub-conductors 11 and 12 of the equipotential bonding cable 10 as in connection with Fig. 1B is described, ie it is again a solder used with low melting point.
- the equipotential bonding cable 20 consists of four sub-lines, which are each formed of two sub-conductors and their properties in the in Fig. 1B correspond to equipotential bonding cables. Also related to Fig. 1A and 1B described material properties are applicable here. Accordingly, 20 results for the equipotential bonding cable FIGS. 2A and 2B a total of four times the cable cross-section as for the equipotential bonding cable 10 Fig. 1A, 1B ,
- the sub-lines of the equipotential bonding cable 20 have different lengths, for example, in that the sub-conductors 21a, ... 21d are all the same length and the sub-conductors 22a, ... 22d are all different in length.
- the tensile force initially acts only on the shortest partial line, that is to say in the example the partial line formed from the partial conductors 21d, 22d. If, therefore, in the case of fire, the soldering points 27a, 27b, 27c, 27d melt and the corresponding tensile force acts on the first part of the line, first the connector between the sub-conductors 21d, 22d is pulled apart.
- the tensile load acting on the equipotential bonding cable - and thus also on the associated machine or system components - always remains below a value determined by the properties of the plug connection between the partial conductors 21a, 22a,..., 21d, 22d.
- FIG. 3 shows the result of tensile tests carried out by the applicant on equipotential bonding cables of the Fig. 2B shown type with standard plugs and sockets and without applied solder points, ie in a state as he would be present after melting the solder points in case of fire.
- an equipotential bonding cable was clamped in a testing machine, pulled apart in a controlled manner and the respectively acting tensile force measured.
- the measured tensile force is plotted on two equipotential bonding cables, sample 1 and sample 2. There are four maximum tensile forces for each of the samples, each of which corresponds to the pulling apart of a connector. Tensile forces were determined between about 8N and about 19N, which were required to pull the individual connectors apart.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B show a further embodiment of a potential equalization cable 40. This shows FIG. 4A the connected and FIG. 4B the split state of the equipotential bonding cable 40th
- selected potential equalization cable 40 consists essentially of four lines 41, 42, 43, 44, which are verquetscht each end in a tubular cable lug 46.
- the four lines 41, 42, 43, 44 are severed at different length positions, and the sub-lines 41a, 41b, 42a, 42b, 43a, 43b, 44a, 44b thus produced are connected to one another at the separation points by means of tabs 45.
- tabs 45 are the same as to the Figures 1B and 2 B illustrated brazed with a solder melting at low temperatures, symbolized as solder points 47a, 47b, 47c, 47d.
- the total cross section of the cable required for equipotential bonding is maintained; the different length of the sub-lines 41a, 41b, 42a, 42b, 43a, 43b, 44a, 44b causes a safe disconnection of the connection in an emergency.
- the individual connectors 45 due to the different lengths of the sub-lines 41a, 41b, 42a, 42b, 43a, 43b, 44a, 44b zipper-like manner, so that connected to the equipotential bonding cable 40 machine or equipment parts, eg Ventilation ducts to be released. Damage to the machine or system parts, such as a fire damper, can be reliably avoided.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of the use of a potential equalization cable to a ventilation system.
- a section of a ventilation system 50 comprising a ventilation duct 51, which is connected via a flexible nozzle 52 to a fire damper 53 shown schematically.
- the fire damper 53 is firmly installed in a breakthrough in a wall 54, while the ventilation duct 51 is attached by means of a suspension 55 to a floor slab 56, a carrier or other support member.
- the flexible nozzle 52 is for example made of canvas or other combustible and / or less viable material.
- a potential equalization cable 57 is attached, here for example to a respective fastening element 59a, 59b.
- This fastener may be about a plug tab or socket, or a screw or a bolt to which the equipotential bonding cable 57 is secured in a suitable manner, in particular by a screw.
- the equipotential bonding cable 57 has a separation point 58, which comprises a combination of a non-positive connection with a heat-releasable connection.
- the frictional connection can be, for example, a plug-in or clamp connection which can be released, for example, when a predetermined tensile load, for example between 5N and 100N, is reached.
- the heat-releasable compound may, for example, a solder joint with a solder with a low melting point, for example between 50 ° C and 100 ° C, about one of the above with reference to FIG. 1B be mentioned solders.
- an equipotential bonding cable of Figures 1A or 1B, 1C, 2A or 2B or 4A and 4B, respectively become.
- the connection between the respective first and second sub-conductors can be prefabricated, or be made only during assembly of the equipotential bonding cable.
- the equipotential bonding cable 57 may be preassembled on the fire damper 53 or on the ventilation duct 51, or each part of the equipotential bonding cable may be preassembled on the fire damper 53 and the ventilation duct 51. This can be done, for example, by means of the mentioned fastening element 59a, 59b, wherein here also a soldering or welding connection can be provided.
- Such pre-assembly has the advantage that only one connection to the other part - fire damper 53 or ventilation duct 51 - is to be made during assembly at the installation.
- the separation point is provided at the point of connection of the equipotential bonding cable 57 with the ventilation duct 51 or with the fire damper 53.
- ventilation duct 51 or fire damper 53 may be provided with a part of a plug connection to which the equipotential bonding cable 57 is connected.
- This part of a plug-in connection can be preassembled - for example in the form of the mentioned fastening element 59a, 59b - or be installed at the time of installation. In either case, the connector is then soldered to a low melting point solder.
- the flexible nozzle 52 and the suspension 55 of the ventilation duct 51 fails, so the detachable under heat connection of the separation point 58 of the equipotential bonding cable 57 is released, and the falling ventilation duct can solve the non-positive connection of the separation point 58.
- the equipotential bonding between ventilation duct 51 and fire damper 53 also remains in case of fire, as long as no force acts on the equipotential bonding cable 57, ie as long as the suspension 55 of the ventilation duct 51 stops.
- the equipotential bonding between the ventilation duct 51 and the fire damper 53 is secured against unintentional disconnection by the connection releasable only when heat is applied.
- the described equipotential bonding cables and methods for establishing an equipotential bonding can be used on all types of machines and systems, in particular at locations where otherwise possibly impermissibly high forces would act on the respectively connected machine or system parts in case of fire.
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Potentialausgleichskabel (20) zum Einsatz an Maschinen- oder Anlagenteilen, insbesondere zwischen Brandschutzklappen und Lüftungskanälen sowie ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Potentialausgleichs an Anlagen- oder Maschinenteilen, insbesondere zwischen Brandschutzklappen und Lüftungskanälen. Dabei wird mindestens ein erster Teilleiter (11, 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d) mit mindestens einem zweiten Teilleiter (12, 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d) elektrisch leitend und trennbar verbunden, wobei die trennbare Verbindung eine Kombination einer kraftschlüssigen Verbindung mit einer bei Wärmeeinwirkung lösbaren Verbindung (27a, 27b, 27c, 27d) umfasst.The invention relates to a potential equalization cable (20) for use on machine or system parts, in particular between fire dampers and ventilation ducts and a method for producing a potential equalization of equipment or machine parts, in particular between fire dampers and ventilation ducts. At least one first sub-conductor (11, 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d) is electrically conductively and separably connected to at least one second sub-conductor (12, 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d), wherein the separable connection is a combination of a frictional connection with a heat releasable connection (27a, 27b, 27c, 27d).
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Potentialausgleichskabel zum Einsatz an Anlagen- oder Maschinenteilen, insbesondere zwischen Brandschutzklappen und Lüftungskanälen, umfassend mindestens einen ersten Teilleiter, welcher trennbar mit mindestens einem zweiten Teilleiter zu einer Leitung verbunden ist, sowie ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Potentialausgleichs an Anlagen- oder Maschinenteilen, insbesondere zwischen Brandschutzklappen und Lüftungskanälen, wobei eine eine Trennstelle aufweisende elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen zwei Anlagen- oder Maschinenteilen hergestellt wird.The invention relates to an equipotential bonding cable for use on plant or machine parts, in particular between fire dampers and ventilation ducts, comprising at least a first sub-conductor which is separably connected to at least a second sub-conductor to a line, and a method for producing a potential equalization of plant or machine parts , In particular between fire dampers and ventilation ducts, wherein a separation point having an electrically conductive connection between two plant or machine parts is made.
Beim Einbau von Brandschutzklappen ist es erforderlich, bauseitig eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung für den Potenzialausgleich zwischen Brandschutzklappe und Lüftungskanal vorzusehen. Hierzu kommen regelmäßig sogenannte Potentialausgleichskabel oder Erdungsbänder zum Einsatz, welche auf der einen Seite mit der Brandschutzklappe und auf der anderen Seite mit dem Lüftungskanal verbunden werden. Die mechanische und lüftungstechnische Verbindung zwischen Brandschutzklappe und Lüftungskanal erfolgt über flexible Elemente, meist sogenannte Segeltuchstutzen.When installing fire dampers, it is necessary to provide an electrically conductive connection on site for the equipotential bonding between the fire damper and the ventilation duct. For this purpose, so-called equipotential bonding cables or earthing straps are regularly used, which are connected on one side with the fire damper and on the other side with the ventilation duct. The mechanical and ventilation connection between the fire damper and the ventilation duct takes place via flexible elements, usually so-called canvas sockets.
Im Brandfall besteht die Gefahr, dass sich die Halterungen des Lüftungskanals lösen, so dass der Lüftungskanal von der Decke fällt, wodurch der Segeltuchstutzen reißt, sofern er nicht ohnehin bereits abgebrannt ist. Das gesamte Gewicht des Lüftungskanals liegt dann an dem Potentialausgleichskabel an, welches wiederum mit der Brandschutzklappe verbunden ist. Auf Grund des erforderlichen großen Querschnitts des Potentialausgleichskabels kann dieses in der Regel auch das Gewicht des Lüftungskanals tragen, welches dann auf die Brandschutzklappe einwirkt und diese aus der Wand reißen kann.In the event of a fire, there is a risk that the brackets of the ventilation duct will come off, causing the ventilation duct to fall off the ceiling, causing the canvas sash to rupture, unless it has already burned down. The entire weight of the ventilation duct is then applied to the equipotential bonding cable, which in turn is connected to the fire damper. Due to the required large cross section of the equipotential bonding cable, this can usually also carry the weight of the ventilation duct, which then acts on the fire damper and can tear them out of the wall.
Ein Potentialausgleichskabel der eingangs genannten Art ist aus der
Ferner ist ein Potentialausgleichskabel der eingangs genannten Art aus der
Wie der Erfinder der vorliegenden Anmeldung erkannt hat, ist es in beiden Fällen allerdings denkbar, dass die für den Brandfall an sich erwünschte Trennung der Teilleiter unbeabsichtigt oder unnötigerweise erfolgt. Beispielsweise können Steckverbindungen unbeabsichtigt, z.B. durch Fehler bei der Montage oder durch andere Einwirkungen, die nicht durch den einen Brandfall bedingt sind, ganz oder teilweise gelöst werden, so dass die elektrische Verbindung zwischen den Teilleitungen beeinträchtigt wird. Andererseits kann bei einer wärmeempfindlichen Verbindung die Potentialausgleichsleitung allein durch Wärmeeinwirkung getrennt werden, auch wenn noch keine mechanische Belastung vorliegt.As the inventor of the present application has recognized, however, it is conceivable in both cases that the separation of the sub-conductors, which is inherently desirable for the case of a fire, occurs unintentionally or unnecessarily. For example, connectors may inadvertently, e.g. be solved in whole or in part by errors during assembly or by other effects that are not caused by a fire, so that the electrical connection between the sub-lines is impaired. On the other hand, in a heat-sensitive compound, the equipotential bonding can be separated only by the action of heat, even if there is no mechanical stress.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Potentialausgleichskabel und ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art zur Verfügung zu stellen, welches die genannten, vom Erfinder der vorliegenden Anmeldung erkannten Nachteile überwindet.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a potential equalization cable and a method of the type mentioned above, which overcomes the said, recognized by the inventor of the present application disadvantages.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Gegenstände der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst.This object is solved by the subject matters of the independent claims.
Insbesondere wird erfindungsgemäß bereitgestellt ein Potentialausgleichskabel der eingangs genannten Art, bei dem die trennbare Verbindung zwischen dem mindestens einen ersten Teilleiter und dem mindestens einen zweiten Teilleiter eine Kombination einer kraftschlüssigen Verbindung mit einer bei Wärmeeinwirkung lösbaren Verbindung umfasst. Insbesondere kann die kraftschlüssige Verbindung bei Erreichen einer vorgegebenen Zugbelastung lösbar sein.In particular, the invention provides an equipotential bonding cable of the aforementioned type, in which the separable connection between the at least one first sub-conductor and the at least one second sub-conductor comprises a combination of a non-positive connection with a releasable by heat connection. In particular, the non-positive connection can be solved upon reaching a predetermined tensile load.
Durch diese Ausgestaltung wird sichergestellt, dass im Brandfall und bei einer zu hohen mechanischen Belastung das Potentialausgleichskabel aufgetrennt wird und somit andere Bauteile einer Anlage, insbesondere etwa eine Brandschutzklappe, vor zu hohen mechanischen Belastungen geschützt werden. Gleichzeitig wird die elektrische Verbindung auch im Brandfall so lange wie möglich aufrecht erhalten, und ein unbeabsichtigtes Auftrennen wird durch die bei niedrigen Temperaturen feste Verbindung verhindert.This configuration ensures that in case of fire and excessive mechanical stress, the equipotential bonding cable is separated and thus other components of a system, in particular as a fire damper, before to high mechanical loads are protected. At the same time, the electrical connection is maintained as long as possible even in case of fire, and unintentional disconnection is prevented by the connection which is solid at low temperatures.
Die vorgegebene Zugbelastung, bei der die kraftschlüssige Verbindung gelöst wird, kann dem Einsatzort des Potentialausgleichskabels angepasst werden; d.h. je nachdem, welche maximalen mechanischen Belastungen für mit dem Potentialausgleichskabel verbundene Teile tolerabel oder erwünscht sind, kann die Zugfestigkeit der kraftschlüssigen Verbindung gewählt werden. Beispielsweise kann die Zugfestigkeit der kraftschlüssigen Verbindung im Bereich von 10N und 100N oder im Bereich von 10N und 50N liegen. Eine Maximalbelastung von 50N kann beispielsweise bei einer Verbindung mit einer Brandschutzklappe vorgesehen sein.The predetermined tensile load, in which the non-positive connection is released, can be adapted to the location of the equipotential bonding cable; i.e. depending on which maximum mechanical loads are tolerable or desirable for parts connected to the equipotential bonding cable, the tensile strength of the non-positive connection can be selected. For example, the tensile strength of the frictional connection may be in the range of 10N and 100N or in the range of 10N and 50N. A maximum load of 50N may be provided, for example, when connected to a fire damper.
Als kraftschlüssige Verbindung kann insbesondere eine Steck- oder Klemmverbindung vorgesehen sein. Eine derartige Verbindung ist einfach, gegebenenfalls sogar werkzeuglos, herstellbar und ermöglicht eine gute leitende Verbindung zwischen den Teilleitern; die erwünschte maximale Zugbelastung lässt sich durch Ausgestaltung der Steckverbindung bzw. die Stärke der Klemmung einstellen.As a non-positive connection can be provided in particular a plug or clamp connection. Such a connection is simple, possibly even without tools, can be produced and allows a good conductive connection between the sub-conductors; the desired maximum tensile load can be adjusted by design of the connector or the strength of the clamp.
Die bei Wärmeeinwirkung lösbare Verbindung kann beispielsweise bei einer Temperatur zwischen 50°C und 100°C, vorzugsweise zwischen 70°C und 100°C, lösbar sein. Damit ist ein genügend großer Abstand zu möglicherweise regulär am Einsatzort vorkommenden Temperaturen gegeben, und bei stärkerer Hitzeentwicklung wie etwa im Brandfalle wird die Verbindung jedenfalls gelöst.The heat-releasable compound, for example, at a temperature between 50 ° C and 100 ° C, preferably between 70 ° C and 100 ° C, be soluble. This is a sufficiently large distance to possibly regularly occurring at the site temperatures, and at higher heat development such as in case of fire, the compound is dissolved in any case.
Für die bei Wärmeeinwirkung lösbare Verbindung kann insbesondere eine Lötverbindung mit einem Lot mit niedrigem Schmelzpunkt, z.B. bei etwa 70°C oder etwa 94°C, vorgesehen sein. Damit können die erwünschte feste Verbindung bei normaler Betriebstemperatur und eine gut leitende elektrische Verbindung sichergestellt werden.In particular, for the heat-releasable joint, a solder joint having a solder having a low melting point, e.g. at about 70 ° C or about 94 ° C, be provided. Thus, the desired firm connection at normal operating temperature and a good conductive electrical connection can be ensured.
Das Potentialausgleichskabel kann mehrere erste Teilleiter und mehrere zweite Teilleiter umfassen, wobei jeweils ein erster und ein zweiter Teilleiter mit einer Kombination aus einer kraftschlüssigen Verbindung mit einer bei Wärmeeinwirkung lösbaren Verbindung zu einer Leitung verbunden sind. Dabei können insbesondere alle ersten Teilleiter elektrisch leitend miteinander verbunden sein und/oder alle zweiten Teilleiter elektrisch leitend miteinander verbunden sein. Ferner können die so gebildeten mehreren Leitungen unterschiedliche Längen aufweisen.The equipotential bonding cable may comprise a plurality of first sub-conductors and a plurality of second sub-conductors, wherein in each case a first and a second sub-conductor with a combination of a non-positive connection with a when exposed to heat detachable connection to a line are connected. In this case, in particular all first sub-conductors can be connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner and / or all second sub-conductors can be connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner. Further, the plural lines thus formed may have different lengths.
Insbesondere kann das Potentialausgleichskabel wenigstens zwei Leitungen, die an ihren Enden verbunden sind, umfassen, wobei die wenigstens zwei Leitungen aus wenigstens zwei Teilleitern unterschiedlicher Länge gebildet sind, welche mittels einer Kombination einer lösbaren Steckverbindung mit einer bei Wärme lösbaren Verbindung miteinander verbunden sind, so dass eine trennbare Verbindungsstelle des Leitungsverbundes gebildet wird. Hierdurch wird ein selbstständiges Trennen des Potentialausgleichskabels im Brandfall und bei Anliegen einer Grenzzugbelastung ermöglicht.In particular, the equipotential bonding cable may comprise at least two lines connected at their ends, wherein the at least two lines are formed of at least two partial conductors of different lengths, which are interconnected by means of a combination of a releasable plug-in connection with a heat-releasable connection, so that a separable connection point of the cable network is formed. As a result, an independent separation of the equipotential bonding cable in case of fire and when concerns a Grenzzugbelastung allows.
Dabei können die Steckverbindungen der wenigstens zwei Leitungen zueinander an unterschiedlichen Längenpositionen angeordnet sein. Durch die unterschiedliche Länge der Einzeldrähte kann ein sicheres Trennen der Verbindung in Art eines Reißverschlusssystems bewirkt werden.In this case, the plug-in connections of the at least two lines can be arranged relative to one another at different length positions. Due to the different length of the individual wires, a secure separation of the connection in the manner of a zipper system can be effected.
In einer Ausgestaltung sind die wenigstens zwei Leitungen über einen Rohrkabelschuh miteinander verbunden. Hierdurch wird die Handhabung der einzelnen Leitungen bei der Montage des Potentialausgleichskabels erleichtert.In one embodiment, the at least two lines are connected to one another via a tubular cable lug. As a result, the handling of the individual cables is facilitated during assembly of the equipotential bonding cable.
Ferner wird erfindungsgemäß bereitgestellt ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Potentialausgleichs an Anlagen- oder Maschinenteilen, insbesondere zwischen Brandschutzklappen und Lüftungskanälen, wobei eine eine Trennstelle aufweisende elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen zwei Anlagen- oder Maschinenteilen hergestellt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trennstelle als Kombination einer kraftschlüssigen Verbindung mit einer bei Wärmeeinwirkung lösbaren Verbindung hergestellt wird. In diesem Verfahren kann als elektrisch leitende Verbindung insbesondere das oben beschriebene erfindungsgemäße Potentialausgleichskabel verwendet werden.Furthermore, the invention provides a method for producing equipotential bonding on plant or machine parts, in particular between fire dampers and ventilation ducts, wherein a separation point having an electrically conductive connection between two plant or machine parts is produced, characterized in that the separation point as a combination of a non-positive connection is made with a heat releasable compound. In this method, in particular the above-described equipotential bonding cable according to the invention can be used as the electrically conductive connection.
Im Folgenden wird nun die Erfindung anhand von Figuren im Detail beschrieben. Dabei zeigen
-
Fig. 1A und 1B eine Ausführungsform eines Potentialausgleichskabels, -
Fig. 1C eine Variante davon, -
Fig. 2A und 2B eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Potentialausgleichskabels, -
Fig. 3 ein Diagramm mit dem Ergebnis von Zugversuchen an einem Potentialausgleichskabel nach Art derFiguren 2A und 2B , -
Fig. 4A und 4B eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Potentialausgleichskabels, und -
Fig. 5 einen Ausschnitt einer lüftungstechnischen Anlage mit einem Potentialausgleichskabel.
-
Fig. 1A and 1B an embodiment of an equipotential bonding cable, -
Fig. 1C a variant of it, -
FIGS. 2A and 2B Another embodiment of a potential equalization cable, -
Fig. 3 a diagram showing the result of tensile tests on a potential equalization cable of the typeFIGS. 2A and 2B . -
FIGS. 4A and 4B Another embodiment of a potential equalization cable, and -
Fig. 5 a section of a ventilation system with a potential equalization cable.
Im gezeigten Beispiel sind die Kabelschuhe 13a, 13b, 16a und 16b mittels einer Quetsch- bzw. Crimpverbindung am jeweiligen Teilleiter 11, 12 befestigt. Dadurch wird in dem Fachmann bekannter Weise eine sehr feste und elektrisch gut leitende Verbindung erzeugt.In the example shown, the cable lugs 13a, 13b, 16a and 16b by means of a crimp or crimp on the
Die Teilleiter 11, 12 bestehen aus einer isolierten Litze, üblicherweise in grüngelber Farbgebung. Querschnitt und Länge der Teilleiter 11, 12 sind abhängig vom jeweiligen Einsatzort auszuwählen. Beispielsweise kann der Querschnitt 1,5mm2, 2,5mm3, 6mm2 oder auch mehr betragen. Die Länge jedes Teilleiters 11, 12 kann beispielsweise ca. 100mm bis 300mm betragen.The sub-conductors 11, 12 consist of an insulated strand, usually in green-yellow color. Cross-section and length of the sub-conductors 11, 12 are to be selected depending on the respective location. For example, the cross section can be 1.5mm 2 , 2.5mm 3 , 6mm 2 or even more. The length of each sub-conductor 11, 12 may be for example about 100mm to 300mm.
Während
Hierbei ist die Steckverbindung zwischen Stecker 14 und Buchse 15 geschlossen, wodurch in Längsrichtung des Potentialausgleichskabels 10 eine kraftschlüssige Verbindung erzeugt wird. Eine derartige Steckverbindung weist jedoch eine begrenzte Haltekraft auf, die in der Regel weit unter der einer sachgemäß ausgeführten Crimpverbindung bei Anwendung eines entsprechenden Werkzeugs liegt. Daher weisen handelsübliche Stecker/Buchsen-Kombinationen bereits Haltekräfte in für den hier angestrebten Einsatz brauchbarer Größenordnung auf. Ferner könnte durch die Ausgestaltung von Stecker 14 und Buchse 15 die Haltekraft weiter eingestellt werden, etwa durch auf- oder zubiegen der Bügel an der Buchse 15.Here, the plug connection between the
Alternativ ist auch denkbar, anstelle einer Steckverbindung eine Quetsch- oder Klemmverbindung vorzusehen, wobei durch die bei der Montage aufgebrachte Quetsch- bzw. Klemmkraft auch die Haltekraft der Verbindung eingestellt werden kann. Dies kann etwa durch ein entsprechend einstellbares Quetsch- oder Klemmwerkzeug bewerkstelligt werden.Alternatively, it is also conceivable to provide a crimped or clamped connection instead of a plug connection, wherein the holding force of the connection can also be set by the crimping or clamping force applied during assembly. This can be accomplished, for example, by means of a suitably adjustable crimping or clamping tool.
Zusätzlich zur Steckverbindung zwischen Stecker 14 und Buchse 15 sind die Teilleiter 11, 12 durch einen Lötpunkt 17 (schraffiert dargestellt) an derselben Stelle verbunden. Dadurch wird eine mechanisch feste und weiterhin gut leitfähige Verbindung zwischen den Teilleitern 11, 12 geschaffen, die gegen unbeabsichtigtes oder fälschliches Lösen gesichert ist.In addition to the plug connection between
Als Lot für den Lötpunkt 17 wird ein bei niedrigen Temperaturen schmelzendes Lot verwendet, beispielsweise Schmelzlot Sn 13.1, Pb 27.3, Bi 49.5, Cd 10.1 mit einer Schmelztemperatur von 70°C oder Schmelzlot Sn 25.0, Pb 25.0, Bi 50.0 mit einer Schmelztemperatur von 94°C. Im Brandfalle wird durch die entsprechend hohe Umgebungstemperatur also der Lötpunkt 17 abschmelzen und sich so die Lötverbindung zwischen den Teilleitern 11, 12 lösen.The solder used for the
Mit dieser Ausgestaltung eines Potentialausgleichskabels 10 kann eine gut elektrisch leitende und mechanisch stabile Potentialausgleichsverbindung zwischen Maschinen- oder Anlagenteilen hergestellt werden, welche gleichzeitig im Brandfalle unter mechanischer Belastung lösbar ist und damit übermäßig hohe mechanische Belastungen der verbundenen Maschinen- oder Anlagenteile in diesem Fall vermeiden hilft.With this embodiment of an
Wie in
Jeweils ein erster und zweiter Teilleiter 21a, 22a, ... 21d, 22d werden zu einer Teilleitung zusammengesteckt und die Steckverbindung mit einem Lötpunkt 27a, 27b, 27c, 27d (schraffiert dargestellt) versehen. Die Vorgehensweise entspricht dabei der Verbindung der Teilleiter 11 und 12 des Potentialausgleichskabels 10 wie sie im Zusammenhang mit
Im Ergebnis besteht also das Potentialausgleichskabel 20 aus vier Teilleitungen, welche jeweils aus zwei Teilleitern gebildet werden und in ihren Eigenschaften dem in
Allerdings weisen die Teilleitungen des Potentialausgleichskabels 20 unterschiedliche Längen auf, beispielsweise dadurch, dass die Teilleiter 21a, ... 21d alle gleich lang sind und die Teilleiter 22a, ... 22d alle unterschiedlich lang sind. Bei einer mechanischen Belastung des Potentialausgleichskabels 20 in Längsrichtung wirkt daher die Zugkraft zunächst nur auf die kürzeste Teilleitung, also im Beispiel die aus den Teilleitern 21d, 22d gebildete Teilleitung. Sofern also im Brandfalle die Lötpunkte 27a, 27b, 27c, 27d abschmelzen und die entsprechende Zugkraft auf die erste Teilleitung wirkt, wird zunächst die Steckverbindung zwischen den Teilleitern 21d, 22d auseinandergezogen. Dadurch wirkt nun die gesamte Zugkraft auf die nächstlängere Teilleitung, hier gebildet aus den Teilleitern 21c, 22c, welche ebenfalls auseinandergezogen werden. Das Potentialausgleichskabel 20 wird somit im Brandfalle unter mechanischer Belastung reißverschlussartig auseinandergezogen.However, the sub-lines of the
Dabei bleibt die auf das Potentialausgleichskabel - und damit auch auf die damit verbundenen Maschinen- oder Anlagenteile - wirkende Zugbelastung stets unterhalb eines durch die Eigenschaften der Steckverbindung zwischen den Teilleitern 21a, 22a, ... 21d, 22d bestimmten Werts.In this case, the tensile load acting on the equipotential bonding cable - and thus also on the associated machine or system components - always remains below a value determined by the properties of the plug connection between the
Hierzu zeigt
Im Kraft-Weg-Diagramms der
Das als Ausführungsbeispiel der
Durch die Nutzung von vier Einzeldrähten 41, 42, 43, 44 wird der für den Potentialausgleich geforderte Gesamtquerschnitt des Kabels eingehalten; die unterschiedliche Länge der Teilleitungen 41a, 41b, 42a, 42b, 43a, 43b, 44a, 44b bewirkt ein sicheres Trennen der Verbindung im Notfall. Wird im Brandfalle und nach dem daraus resultierenden Abschmelzen der Lötverbindungen eine definierte Zugbelastung des Potentialausgleichskabels 40 überschritten, so werden die einzelnen Steckverbindungen 45 auf Grund der unterschiedlichen Längen der Teilleitungen 41a, 41b, 42a, 42b, 43a, 43b, 44a, 44b reißverschlussartig getrennt, so dass die mit dem Potentialausgleichskabel 40 verbundenen Maschinen- oder Anlagenteile, z.B. Lüftungskanäle, freigegeben werden. Eine Beschädigung der Maschinen- oder Anlagenteile, z.B. einer Brandschutzklappe, kann zuverlässig vermieden werden.By using four
Zwischen Lüftungskanal 51 und Brandschutzklappe 53, die üblicherweise aus Metall bestehen, ist ein Potentialausgleichskabel 57 angebracht, hier beispielsweise an jeweils einem Befestigungselement 59a, 59b. Dieses Befestigungselement kann etwa eine Stecklasche oder -buchse, oder eine Schraube bzw. ein Bolzen sein, an dem das Potentialausgleichskabel 57 in geeigneter Weise befestigt wird, insbesondere durch eine Verschraubung.Between
Das Potentialausgleichskabel 57 weist eine Trennstelle 58 auf, die eine Kombination einer kraftschlüssigen Verbindung mit einer bei Wärmeeinwirkung lösbaren Verbindung umfasst. Die kraftschlüssige Verbindung kann beispielsweise eine Steck- oder Klemmverbindung sein, welche etwa bei Erreichen einer vorgegebenen Zugbelastung, z.B. zwischen 5N und 100N, lösbar ist. Die bei Wärmeeinwirkung lösbare Verbindung kann beispielsweise eine Lötverbindung mit einem Lot mit niedrigem Schmelzpunkt, z.B. zwischen 50°C und 100°C, etwa eines der oben mit Bezug zu
An dieser Stelle kann beispielsweise ein Potentialausgleichskabel der in
Ferner ist es auch vorstellbar, dass die Trennstelle an der Stelle der Verbindung des Potentialausgleichskabels 57 mit dem Lüftungskanal 51 oder mit der Brandschutzklappe 53 vorgesehen wird. Dafür kann beispielsweise an Lüftungskanal 51 oder Brandschutzklappe 53 ein Teil einer Steckverbindung vorgesehen sein, an den das Potentialausgleichskabel 57 angesteckt wird. Dieser Teil einer Steckverbindung kann vormontiert sein - etwa in Form des erwähnten Befestigungselements 59a, 59b - oder zum Einbauzeitpunkt angebracht werden. In jedem Fall wird die Steckverbindung dann mit einem Lot mit niedrigem Schmelzpunkt verlötet.Furthermore, it is also conceivable that the separation point is provided at the point of connection of the
Wenn nun im Brandfalle der flexible Stutzen 52 abbrennt und die Aufhängung 55 des Lüftungskanals 51 versagt, so wird auch die bei Wärmeeinwirkung lösbare Verbindung der Trennstelle 58 des Potentialausgleichskabels 57 gelöst, und der herabfallende Lüftungskanal kann die kraftschlüssige Verbindung der Trennstelle 58 lösen. So wird verhindert, dass eine zu große Kraft auf die Brandschutzklappe 53 einwirkt. Allerdings bleibt die Potentialausgleichsverbindung zwischen Lüftungskanal 51 und Brandschutzklappe 53 auch im Brandfalle bestehen, so lange keine Kraft auf das Potentialausgleichskabel 57 einwirkt, d.h. so lange die Aufhängung 55 des Lüftungskanals 51 hält. Weiterhin ist bei normaler Betriebstemperatur die Potentialausgleichsverbindung zwischen Lüftungskanal 51 und Brandschutzklappe 53 durch die erst bei Wärmeeinwirkung lösbare Verbindung gegen unbeabsichtigtes Trennen gesichert.If now burns in the event of fire, the
Selbstverständlich können die beschriebenen Potentialausgleichskabel und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Potentialausgleichs an allen Arten von Maschinen und Anlagen eingesetzt werden, insbesondere an Stellen, an denen im Brandfalle ansonsten möglicherweise unzulässig hohe Kräfte auf die jeweils verbundenen Maschinen- oder Anlagenteile wirken würden. Insbesondere kann ein Einsatz als Schutzpotentialausgleichsleiter im Sinne der DIN VDE 0100-540 "Errichtung von Niederspannungsanlagen - Teil 5-54: Auswahl und Errichtung elektrischer Betriebsmittel - Erdungsanlagen, Schutzleiter und Schutzpotentialausgleichsleiter" (2007) bzw. der entsprechenden IEC 60364-5-54:2002 vorgesehen werden.Of course, the described equipotential bonding cables and methods for establishing an equipotential bonding can be used on all types of machines and systems, in particular at locations where otherwise possibly impermissibly high forces would act on the respectively connected machine or system parts in case of fire. In particular, use as a protective potential equalization conductor in the sense of DIN VDE 0100-540 "Installation of low-voltage systems - Part 5-54: Selection and erection of electrical equipment - Grounding systems, protective conductors and protective equipotential bonding conductors" (2007) or the corresponding IEC 60364-5-54: 2002.
Ferner sind auch weitere Ausgestaltungen der beschriebenen Potentialausgleichskabel denkbar, beispielsweise eine Kombination der Ausführungsform aus
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Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19910319A1 (en) | 1999-03-09 | 2000-10-05 | Josef Horstmann | Potential compensation line for electrical unit, has lead components bridged electrically and connected to temperature sensitive material |
DE102008053195A1 (en) | 2008-04-04 | 2009-10-15 | Kritzler, Rüdiger Martin | Ground strap for use as potential equalization between fire protection flap and ventilation duct, has wires connected with one another by terminal end, and blade terminals detached when loading of strap exceeds, such that ducts are released |
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DE202013105644U1 (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2014-01-14 | Gemeinnützige Wohnungsbaugesellschaft der Stadt Kassel mbH | Potential equalization or grounding insert for a drainage system of a bathtub |
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2014
- 2014-11-03 DE DE102014115971.3A patent/DE102014115971B3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19910319A1 (en) | 1999-03-09 | 2000-10-05 | Josef Horstmann | Potential compensation line for electrical unit, has lead components bridged electrically and connected to temperature sensitive material |
DE102008053195A1 (en) | 2008-04-04 | 2009-10-15 | Kritzler, Rüdiger Martin | Ground strap for use as potential equalization between fire protection flap and ventilation duct, has wires connected with one another by terminal end, and blade terminals detached when loading of strap exceeds, such that ducts are released |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
"Errichtung von Niederspannungsanlagen - Teil 5-54: Auswahl und Errichtung elektrischer Betriebsmittel - Erdungsanlagen, Schutzleiter und Schutzpotentialausgleichsleiter", DIN VDE 0100-540, 2007 |
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