EP3013622A1 - Energy storage system and driving and energy recovery system - Google Patents
Energy storage system and driving and energy recovery systemInfo
- Publication number
- EP3013622A1 EP3013622A1 EP14733263.9A EP14733263A EP3013622A1 EP 3013622 A1 EP3013622 A1 EP 3013622A1 EP 14733263 A EP14733263 A EP 14733263A EP 3013622 A1 EP3013622 A1 EP 3013622A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- drive
- energy recovery
- vehicle
- voltage
- storage elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
- B60L7/14—Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles propelled by ac motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/547—Voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
- B60L2270/20—Inrush current reduction, i.e. avoiding high currents when connecting the battery
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of electric vehicles and more particularly to a system for storing the electrical energy of a vehicle, a drive system and energy recovery of said vehicle, such a vehicle and a method of controlling the electrical energy of a vehicle.
- the present invention is concerned with vehicles whose storage system comprises capacitive storage elements capable of being charged by a charging voltage delivered by the electrical power distribution network and included in the operating range of the drive system. and energy recovery.
- the drive and energy recovery system generally comprises a reversible electric machine allowing operation in a so-called “engine” mode so as to ensure the drive or traction / propulsion of the vehicle using an electric power provided and alternately allowing operation in a so-called “generator” mode so as to ensure the conversion of the mechanical energy due to braking or deceleration of the vehicle into electrical energy.
- the motor consumes electrical energy supplied to it by the capacitive storage elements of the storage system.
- the motor In generator mode, the motor generates electrical energy and charges the capacitive storage elements of the storage system.
- Hybrid thermal / electric vehicles furthermore comprise a heat engine that can alone drive the vehicle but can also cause the reversible electric machine to operate in generator mode.
- the electrical energy supplied by the engine in generator mode is then transmitted to the vehicle's electrical power distribution network and recovered by the capacitive elements of the storage system in the same way as during braking or deceleration of the vehicle. vehicle.
- the capacitive storage elements include in particular a set of double-layer capabilities, otherwise called supercapacitors, supercapacitors or EDLC (Electrolytic Double Layer Capacitor) in which is stored the electrical energy.
- supercapacitors supercapacitors
- EDLC Electrolytic Double Layer Capacitor
- This electrical energy stored in the capacitive storage elements can then be used as main or backup energy for the electric motor of the electric vehicle.
- a storage system comprising a DC-DC converter connected to the electrical power network of the vehicle and a drive and energy recovery system comprising a current conversion means also connected. to the electrical power network of the vehicle.
- the DC-DC converter makes it possible to adapt the variable voltage of the capacitive storage elements of the storage system to the DC operating voltage of the drive and energy recovery system of the vehicle.
- the DC / DC converter must be able on the one hand to transfer in motor mode the total power of traction / propulsion from the capacitive storage elements of the storage system to the reversible electric machine via the electrical power network of the vehicle and secondly to transfer in generator mode the total braking power from the reversible electric machine to the capacitive storage elements of the storage system via the electrical power network of the vehicle.
- the current converting means makes it possible to vary the power supplying the reversible electric machine in engine mode as a function of a command caused by a user, for example by means of the accelerator pedal of the vehicle or any other control means.
- the current converting means must also be able to transfer electrical energy from the reversible electric machine when it operates in generator mode to the elements of capacitive storage of the storage system via the DC-DC converter.
- the current conversion means can be either a variable speed drive or an inverter.
- a storage system connected to such a drive and energy recovery system via the vehicle power distribution network is satisfactory in that it is easily adaptable to an existing powertrain / propulsion system and decouples traction / propulsion and storage functions.
- This cumulative efficiency greatly reduces the energy efficiency of the coupling between a storage system and a drive system and energy recovery because of the accumulation of conversion losses.
- Such a storage system also has the disadvantage of having to use a DC-DC converter having a mass and a significant footprint.
- the present invention aims to remedy all or part of the disadvantages mentioned above, by proposing an alternative to the use of a DC-DC converter in the storage system, in particular by a control of the storage system.
- the subject of the present invention is a system for storing electrical energy of a vehicle, intended to be connected to an electrical power distribution network, this vehicle comprising a drive and energy recovery system. connected to the electrical power distribution network, said drive and energy recovery system being configured to operate in a range of operating voltage,
- the storage system comprising:
- capacitive storage elements comprising a maximum operating voltage and being capable of being charged by a charging voltage delivered by the electrical power distribution network included in the operating range of the drive and energy recovery system ,
- Such a system for storing the electrical energy of a vehicle increases the efficiency of the coupling with a drive and energy recovery system and ensures the voltage adaptation between the storage elements and the drive system. and energy recovery.
- control device comprises a device for measuring the voltage delivered by the storage elements or by the electrical power distribution network of the vehicle that is capable of transmitting to the drive and recovery system. energy information intended to cause the cessation of energy recovery by the drive system and energy recovery.
- This arrangement makes it possible to monitor the voltage of the storage elements so as to generate a set point of interrupting when necessary to charge the storage elements by directly stopping the energy recovery.
- the interruption of the load can be made either by acting on the treatment of the set point of the drive system and energy recovery, or by intervening on a means of electrical insulation associated with the storage system, for example by cutting its electrical connection with the electrical power distribution network.
- control device comprises electrical insulation means arranged to interrupt the recovery of energy during braking, preferably by the interruption of the supply of electrical energy by the system. drive and energy recovery.
- This arrangement makes it possible to interrupt the electrical connection between the storage elements and the drive and energy recovery system so as to protect the storage elements from any overvoltages.
- the storage system comprises a so-called pre-charge first load device intended to be connected to the electrical power distribution network between the storage elements and the drive and recovery system. 'energy.
- This arrangement allows the storage elements to reach their minimum operating voltage when powering the vehicle while limiting the inrush current.
- the storage elements comprise a set of supercapacitors arranged to provide more than 75% of their available energy flow in the operating range of the drive and energy recovery system.
- the available energy is defined by the following formula:
- E is the value of the available energy E and is expressed in joule
- C is the value of the equivalent capacitance of the combination in series and / or parallel of the storage elements 1 1 and is expressed in Farad
- V is the total voltage value delivered by all the storage elements 1 1 and is expressed in volts.
- the supercapacities are connected in series and / or in parallel.
- the present invention also relates to a drive system and energy recovery of a vehicle, the vehicle comprising:
- the drive and energy recovery system being characterized in that the operating voltage range of the drive and energy recovery system corresponds to the operating voltage range of the current converting means.
- the drive and energy recovery system comprises a generator arranged to operate over an operating voltage range, said operating voltage range of the generator comprising a minimum voltage value corresponding to the minimum value of the operating voltage range of the current converting means.
- the priority energy used is that from the storage system, the energy of the generator taking over when discharging the storage system reaches the operating voltage of the generator.
- the open-circuit voltage of the generator corresponds to the charging start voltage of the storage system.
- the present invention also relates to an electric vehicle comprising a power distribution network on which is connected a storage system as described above and a drive system and energy recovery as described above.
- the present invention also relates to a method for controlling a system for storing the electrical energy of a vehicle, said vehicle comprising:
- the storage system comprising: capacitive storage elements comprising a maximum operating voltage and being capable of being charged by a charging voltage delivered by the electrical power distribution network included in the operating range of the drive and energy recovery system ,
- said drive and energy recovery system being configured to operate in a range of operating voltage
- the step of controlling the charging voltage of the capacitive storage elements or the voltage of the electrical power distribution network of the vehicle comprises sub-steps consisting of:
- FIG. 1 represents a schematic diagram of an electrical power distribution network of the vehicle on which is connected a storage system of the state of the art as the main energy or as backup energy and a drive system and energy recovery of the state of the art.
- FIG. 2 represents a block diagram illustrating the principle of regulating an electric machine of a drive and energy recovery system of the state of the art connected to the electrical power distribution network of the vehicle with a storage system according to the state of the art.
- FIG. 3 shows a curve illustrating the available electrical energy flux ratio of a capacitor as a function of its state of charge.
- Figure 4 shows a curve identical to that of Figure 3 on which was added a range of operation of a generator.
- FIG. 5 represents a block diagram of an electrical power distribution network of the vehicle on which a storage system according to the invention is connected as main energy or as backup energy and a drive and recovery system of energy according to the invention.
- FIG. 6 represents a block diagram illustrating the principle of regulation of a reversible electric machine of a drive and energy recovery system according to the invention connected to the electrical power distribution network of the vehicle with a control system. storage according to the invention.
- Figure 7 is a block diagram of a vehicle according to the invention.
- an electric vehicle 1 comprises an electric power distribution network 2 on which are connected a drive and energy recovery system 20 and a storage system 10.
- the drive and energy recovery system 20 comprises a reversible electric machine 21 and a current conversion means.
- the current conversion means 22 is a variable speed drive.
- the storage system 10 comprises capacitive storage elements 11 and a DC-DC converter 23.
- the capacitive storage elements 11 of the storage system 10 deliver the electrical energy stored in the electrical power distribution network 2.
- This electrical energy applies a voltage to the DC-DC converter 23 which adapts this voltage so that it can be injected into the electrical power distribution network 2 and then used by the variable speed drive 22 to control the speed of rotation and the torque of the engine 21 according to a command from the user, in particular via the accelerator pedal of the vehicle or any other control means.
- variable speed drive 22 and the motor 21 define an operating voltage range of the drive and energy recovery system 20, in particular a minimum voltage enabling the motor 21 to be set in motion and a maximum voltage supported by the variable speed drive 22.
- the motor operating mode of the drive and energy recovery system 20 is used during the phases of vehicle movement or acceleration.
- the motor 21 In an operating mode said generator of the drive system and energy recovery 20, the motor 21 produces electrical energy and applies a voltage to the variable speed drive 22.
- the drive system and energy recovery 20 then begins a phase of energy recovery.
- This voltage is injected into the electrical power distribution network 2 and then transmitted to the DC-DC converter 23 which adapts this voltage to a charging voltage for the storage elements 11 of the storage system 10.
- the operating mode generator of the drive system and energy recovery 20 is used during braking or deceleration of the vehicle.
- the storage system 10 can be used as main or backup energy in a vehicle 1.
- the vehicle 1 comprises an additional power source 5 appearing in dotted line in FIG.
- This energy source 5 may for example be a heat engine driving an alternator connected to the power distribution network 2 of the vehicle 1.
- the vehicle 1 comprises only the storage system 10 as a source of energy that can supply the electric motor 21.
- regulation of the electric motor 21 of the drive and energy recovery system 20 can be carried out according to two direct action chains CD1, CD2 and two return chains. or information CR1, CR2.
- the first direct action channel CD1 comprises a first comparator CP1, typically a subtracter, a first regulation block, for example proportional integral PU, a second comparator CP2, the second direct action channel CD2 and the motor 21.
- a first comparator CP1 typically a subtracter
- a first regulation block for example proportional integral PU
- a second comparator CP2 the second direct action channel CD2 and the motor 21.
- the second direct action channel CD2 comprises a second control unit, for example an integral proportional unit PI2, and a torque transformation block / current / voltage flow TR1.
- the first return chain CR1 connects the motor 21 to the first comparator CP1.
- the second return chain CR2 comprises a transformation block of currents in torque of flow TR2 and connects the input of the electric motor 21 to the second comparator CP2.
- a reference speed VC for example transmitted by a user via the accelerator pedal of the vehicle 1, and a measured speed VM from the first return chain is applied to the first comparator CP1 so as to deduce a setpoint torque C to be applied to the electric motor 21.
- This setpoint torque C is then corrected by the first regulation block PU which deduces therefrom a corrected setpoint torque value CCOR applied to the second comparator CP2.
- the transformation block of currents in flow couple TR2 of the second return chain CR2 realizes a transfer function making it possible to deduce a calculated torque value CCAL from the measurement of currents 11, 12 flowing over several phases of the electric motor 21.
- This calculated torque value CCAL is then compared to the corrected torque setpoint value CCOR by the second comparator CP2.
- This calculated reference flow F C AL is then corrected by the second regulation block PI2 which deduces a corrected set flow value F CO R.
- This corrected set-point value F C OR is then applied to the input of the torque / current transformation / current / voltage TR1 block.
- the torque transformation unit / current / voltage flow TR1 then tends to adjust a flux F that may come from the storage system 10 with the corrected flow control value F C OR so as to apply to the electric motor 21 a flow F allowing the latter to quickly reach the target speed VC.
- the present invention is based on the finding that 75% of the energy flux of a conventional capacitor or supercapacitor is available between Vn and Vn / 2 while 90% of the energy flow is available between Vn and Vn. / 3.
- the dimensioning of the storage system 10 is carried out by matching the operating voltage range of the variable speed drive 22 with a permissible voltage range to define the state of operation.
- charge capacitive storage elements 1 for example between Vn and Vn / 2, where Vn is the maximum operating voltage of the storage elements 1 1.
- This sizing can be optimized by using hybrid supercapacitor or supercapacitor technologies arranged to provide more than 75% of their available energy flow in the operating range of the drive and energy recovery system.
- this available energy otherwise called useful energy is defined by the formula:
- hybrid super-capacitors such as, for example, lithium capacitors
- This faculty offers a better adaptation of the voltage range of the useful energy to the operating range of the drive and energy recovery system 20.
- This arrangement makes it possible to increase the energy density of the storage elements over a larger part of the operating voltage range of the drive and energy recovery system, and thus to facilitate the control of the load of the storage elements. 1 1 by a control device 12.
- an electric vehicle 1 also comprises an electric power distribution network 2 on which are connected a drive and energy recovery system 20 and a storage system 10.
- the storage system 10 no longer includes a DC-DC converter 23.
- the storage system 10 comprises only capacitive storage elements 1 1 and the device 12 for controlling the charge of the capacitive storage elements 1 1.
- a regulation of the electric motor 21 of the drive and energy recovery system 20 differs from a regulation of the electric motor 21 of a drive and recovery system.
- energy 20 according to the state of the art in that it also performs in addition a voltage measurement T M ES on the capacitive storage elements 1 1 to know the state of charge of the latter or on the distribution network of electrical power 2 to know the value of a possible charging voltage of the capacitive storage elements 1 1.
- a voltage transformation block TR3 energy recovery stop instruction interprets this voltage measurement TMES and possibly delivers an IN FOSTOP energy recovery stop instruction if this voltage measurement T M ES is greater than the maximum voltage value Vn of the storage elements 1 1.
- This energy recovery stop instruction INFOSTOP is received by a torque setpoint limitation block LIM which limits the value of the corrected setpoint torque CCOR to a limited setpoint torque value CLIM which is compared by the second comparator CP2. to the computed torque value CCAL-
- this information "end of charge" INFOSTOP storage system 10 is sent to the speed controller 22. It then stops sending power to the power distribution network 2.
- the voltage measuring device 13 for measuring the voltage TMES, the voltage transformation block in the energy recovery stopping setpoint TR3 and the torque setpoint limiting block LIM are more generally included in a device. control system 12 of the storage system 10.
- This control device 12 is arranged for:
- the storage system 10 must incorporate intrinsic characteristics of the variable speed controller 22, in particular its voltage operating range so as to define an operating range of the capacitive storage elements 1 1 as a function of the range of the capacitors. operation of the drive controller 22. This integration is achieved by the sizing of the storage system 10 during the installation of the storage system 10 in the vehicle 1
- the storage system 10 constitutes the makeup energy of the vehicle illustrated by the voltage curve A on the graph of FIG. 4 and the main energy is supplied by a generator 5 illustrated by the operating voltage range of the generator B on the graph of FIG. 4, for example a heat generator or biomass, or a fuel cell
- the charging voltage of the capacitive storage elements 1 1 of the system 10 is calculated so that the permissible voltage range for defining the state of charge of the storage elements 1 1 of the storage system 10 is located beyond the operating voltage range of the generator 5.
- the operating voltage range of the generator 5 comprises a minimum voltage value corresponding to the minimum value of the operating voltage range of the current conversion means 22.
- the energy primarily used is that coming from the storage system 10, the energy of the generator 5 taking over when the storage system 10 discharges to the operating voltage of the generator 5.
- the empty voltage of the generator 5 will correspond to the charging start voltage of the storage system 10.
- control device 12 may comprise electrical insulation means (not shown) of the storage elements 10 which electrically cut the connection between the capacitive storage elements 11 and the power distribution network. electrical, so as to allow the isolation of the capacitive storage elements 1 1 while allowing the drive system and energy recovery 20 to continue to operate.
- the storage system 10 may comprise a first load device (not shown) said pre-charge to be connected to the electrical power distribution network 2 between the capacitive storage elements 1 1 and the drive system. and energy recovery 20 which allows the storage system 20 to reach its voltage operating minimum when the vehicle is turned on while minimizing the inrush current.
- This resistive device is then erased by insertion in parallel of a current path.
- a static relay or electromechanical contactor can be used for this purpose.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1355978A FR3007583B1 (en) | 2013-06-24 | 2013-06-24 | ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM AND ENERGY TRAINING AND RECOVERY SYSTEM |
PCT/FR2014/051336 WO2014207336A1 (en) | 2013-06-24 | 2014-06-04 | Energy storage system and driving and energy recovery system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3013622A1 true EP3013622A1 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
Family
ID=49474551
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14733263.9A Withdrawn EP3013622A1 (en) | 2013-06-24 | 2014-06-04 | Energy storage system and driving and energy recovery system |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10183582B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3013622A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN105377616A (en) |
FR (1) | FR3007583B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014207336A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT201600112523A1 (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2018-05-08 | Magneti Marelli Spa | "Energy management apparatus supplied to a low voltage system of a motor vehicle comprising an energy recovery stage and relative process" |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6275006B1 (en) * | 1998-05-27 | 2001-08-14 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method for charging secondary battery |
US6336063B1 (en) * | 2000-10-31 | 2002-01-01 | Volvo Car Corporation | Method and arrangement in a hybrid vehicle for improving battery state-of-charge control and minimizing driver perceptible disturbances |
JP3624831B2 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2005-03-02 | 株式会社デンソー | Vehicle power supply device and engine drive regulation support device |
DE10116463A1 (en) * | 2001-04-03 | 2002-10-10 | Isad Electronic Sys Gmbh & Co | System for storing electrical energy, and method for operating such an energy storage system |
US7109686B2 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2006-09-19 | Ise Corporation | System and method for precharging and discharging a high power ultracapacitor pack |
US7595597B2 (en) * | 2006-01-18 | 2009-09-29 | General Electric Comapany | Vehicle propulsion system |
DE102007014326A1 (en) * | 2007-03-26 | 2008-10-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for charging a capacitive element |
JP4277928B1 (en) * | 2007-12-07 | 2009-06-10 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | vehicle |
WO2010023664A1 (en) * | 2008-08-25 | 2010-03-04 | Technion Research & Development Foundation Ltd. | Diesel electrical vehicle |
CN103101428A (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2013-05-15 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Hybrid electric vehicle using super-capacitor accessory power system |
WO2014151976A2 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-25 | Evgentech, Inc. | Pulse battery charger methods and systems for improved charging of lithium ion batteries |
-
2013
- 2013-06-24 FR FR1355978A patent/FR3007583B1/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-06-04 WO PCT/FR2014/051336 patent/WO2014207336A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-06-04 EP EP14733263.9A patent/EP3013622A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-06-04 US US14/901,047 patent/US10183582B2/en active Active
- 2014-06-04 CN CN201480036043.3A patent/CN105377616A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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None * |
See also references of WO2014207336A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2014207336A1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
US20160368389A1 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
CN105377616A (en) | 2016-03-02 |
FR3007583A1 (en) | 2014-12-26 |
US10183582B2 (en) | 2019-01-22 |
FR3007583B1 (en) | 2020-11-20 |
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