EP3004832A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour déterminer un paramètre moyen d'un fluide dans un récipient pouvant être fermé - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour déterminer un paramètre moyen d'un fluide dans un récipient pouvant être fermé

Info

Publication number
EP3004832A1
EP3004832A1 EP13729296.7A EP13729296A EP3004832A1 EP 3004832 A1 EP3004832 A1 EP 3004832A1 EP 13729296 A EP13729296 A EP 13729296A EP 3004832 A1 EP3004832 A1 EP 3004832A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
duct
fluid
temperature
average
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13729296.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Axel Kramer
Hubert Brändle
Kai Hencken
Thomas Alfred Paul
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Technology AG
Original Assignee
ABB Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Technology AG filed Critical ABB Technology AG
Publication of EP3004832A1 publication Critical patent/EP3004832A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
    • G01M3/32—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators
    • G01M3/3236—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators by monitoring the interior space of the containers
    • G01M3/3263—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators by monitoring the interior space of the containers using a differential pressure detector
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K3/00—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature
    • G01K3/02—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature giving means values; giving integrated values
    • G01K3/06—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature giving means values; giving integrated values in respect of space
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/42—Circuits effecting compensation of thermal inertia; Circuits for predicting the stationary value of a temperature
    • G01K7/427—Temperature calculation based on spatial modeling, e.g. spatial inter- or extrapolation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/53—Cases; Reservoirs, tanks, piping or valves, for arc-extinguishing fluid; Accessories therefor, e.g. safety arrangements, pressure relief devices
    • H01H33/56—Gas reservoirs
    • H01H33/563—Gas reservoirs comprising means for monitoring the density of the insulating gas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B13/00—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle
    • H02B13/02—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle with metal casing
    • H02B13/035—Gas-insulated switchgear
    • H02B13/065—Means for detecting or reacting to mechanical or electrical defects
    • H02B13/0655—Means for detecting or reacting to mechanical or electrical defects through monitoring changes of gas properties

Definitions

  • T n orm is a chosen normalization temperature (e.g. 298 K) and p mea s and r me as are the measured pressure and locally measured temperature, respectively.
  • the normalization of the pressure is necessary in order to calculate reliably from this the total amount of gas (total mass) contained in the container.
  • T meas can also be an average of several temperature measurements (arithmetic average or adequately weighted average) .
  • an average temperature T av is needed in order to calculate correctly the total mass, that is, the average density in the container.
  • leakage rates are determined by averaging measurement values over long time intervals (weeks to years) to even out variations due to insufficient temperature compensation .
  • the objective is solved by a method for determining an average physical parameter of a fluid in a closable container, comprising the steps of:
  • the reference duct temperature is defined along a duct extension from the second opening up to the flow preventing element, or the reference duct temperature is defined along the whole duct.
  • step e) defining a reference duct temperature is done by stabilizing a temperature of the fluid inside the duct to a constant reference value, and/or by stabilizing a temperature of the duct wall or duct walls to a constant reference value, and/or by determining an average fluid temperature inside the duct, and/or by determining an average duct wall temperature.
  • duct can mean duct extension between flow preventing element and second opening or can mean whole duct.
  • the reference duct temperature in particular an average fluid temperature inside the duct and/or an average duct wall temperature, is or are determined from at least one temperature value, preferably from a plurality of temperature values, measured along the duct.
  • the duct can be attached to an outside wall of the container.
  • duct can mean duct extension between flow preventing element and second opening or can mean whole duct .
  • a measurement device for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the device comprises a duct with at least one wall and a first and a second opening, a flow preventing element arranged at a first level of the duct, a density sensor and/or a first pressure sensor arranged at a second level of the duct, a differential pressure sensor or a second and a third pressure sensor arranged at the flow preventing element for measuring a local differential pressure between a first pressure of a fluid on the one side of the flow preventing element and a second pressure of the fluid on the other side of the flow preventing element.
  • the flow preventing element is for preventing a flow through the duct, in particular wherein the flow preventing element is for preventing a flow of the fluid out of or into the duct through the first opening.
  • the duct is connected to the closable container via a thermal insulation element.
  • the flow preventing element is arranged inside the duct at the first level in such a way that the flow preventing element extends across an entire cross-section of the duct.
  • the density sensor and/or the first pressure sensor is or are positioned inside the duct or inside the container at the second level.
  • Fig. 1 a cross-sectional front view of an embodiment of a measurement arrangement according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 a more detailed cross-sectional view of the measurement arrangement of Fig. 1, and in
  • the invention is described for the example of a high voltage circuit breaker, but the principles described in the following also apply for the usage of the invention in any other gas-enclosing containers or devices or switching devices.
  • the terms “top”, “upper”, “bottom”, “lower” and similar terms are relative to a vertical direction as given by the gravitational force (analoguous to the top and the bottom of the figures) .
  • the term “closable” in relation to the container denotes, in the context of this disclosure, that the container may have openings, e.g. for introducing an insulating fluid, however these openings are gas-tightly sealable and in particular sealed during usage of the container. Such openings are used to connect the measurement device according to the invention with the container.
  • pressure sensor refers to absolute pressure measurement.
  • level relates to the direction z (indicated in Fig. 2, e.g. vertical) starting from a level ho. If it is used to describe objects or containers 1 elongated in the direction z the level h 0 can refer to a lowermost extremity of these objects or containers 1.
  • the first level refers to the level where the flow preventing element is positioned
  • the second level refers to the level where the density sensor and/or the first pressure sensor are positioned.
  • the measurement device la comprises a duct 4 with a first and a second opening 11a, lib connected to the enclosure 8a of the GIS 1.
  • the cross section of the duct 4 is round in this case, such that the duct 4 has a single duct wall 10, but it may also have another shape, e.g. rectangular, and may therefore have a plurality of duct walls 10.
  • the openings 11a, lib are adapted to be connected to respective openings of the closable container 1.
  • the first opening 11a will be referred to as top opening 11a and the second opening lib will be referred to as bottom opening 11a for reasons of clarity.
  • a differential pressure sensor 2 is provided at a first level on the side of the top connection between the duct 4 and the container 1 and a density sensor 3 is provided at a second level on the side of the bottom connection between the duct 4 and the container 1.
  • the second level is lower than the first level; however, the location of the two sensors 2, 3 may also be exchanged. The function and attachment of said sensors 2, 3 will be explained in more detail in connection with Fig. 2.
  • the measurement device la further comprises a temperature regulating device 12 for regulating the temperature of the wall 10 or walls 10 of the duct 4, which temperature-regulating device 12 is supplied with power by a source 6.
  • Fig. 2 shows a more detailed sectional view of the measurement arrangement of Fig. 1.
  • the flow preventing element 7 prevents any exchange of matter from one side to the other side of the flow preventing element 7.
  • the flow preventing element 7 can be thermally non-conducting to better maintain the reference temperature of the duct on one side and the local temperature present in the container 1 on the other side.
  • both temperatures are identical and no thermal isolation across the flow preventing element 7 is needed.
  • Across the flow preventing element 7 a differential pressure shall be maintained. This differential pressure stems from the duct reference temperature ⁇ present on one side of the flow preventing element 7 and from a local container temperature present on the other side of the flow preventing element 7.
  • the flow preventing element 7 may be arranged in any position along the duct 4 at a first level or height above the bottom or lower second level or height.
  • the flow preventing element 7 entirely covers one of the first or the second opening 11a, lib, and the density sensor 3 and/or the first pressure sensor 3 is or are positioned at the other opening lib, 11a.
  • the density sensor 3 is arranged in the area of the bottom opening lib. In this example the density sensor 3 is arranged at the boundary between the bottom opening lib of the duct 4 and the corresponding opening of the closable container 1. This is preferred in order to simplify the setup of the density sensor 3.
  • the density sensor 3 may however also be arranged inside the duct 4 or inside the closable container 1, preferably at a level (with respect to a vertical axis z) which is different from the level of the differential pressure sensor 2.
  • Ah The level difference between the two sensors 2, 3 , i.e. the differential pressure sensor 2 and the density sensor 3, is denoted by Ah, which is equal to h - ho, in Fig. 2.
  • the duct 4 is enclosed by a thermally insulating layer 9, preferably consisting of an insulating sleeve, for thermally insulating the duct walls 10 from the environment.
  • a temperature regulating device 12 which in this example is a heating band 12, is arranged between the insulating sleeve 9 and the duct wall 10. It is understood that other temperature regulating devices 12, e.g. a resistive wire located inside the duct 4 and controlled by the voltage source 6, may be used, as well.
  • the duct 4 itself as a resistive element for temperature regulation in case the duct 4 is made of metal and is electrically isolated from the container 1.
  • the PTFE adapters 5 and the insulating sleeve 9 serve to avoid as much as possible an influence of an outside temperature on the temperature of the duct 4.
  • the temperature of the duct has to be as stable as possible for accurate measurements, because it is used as a reference temperature 2 ⁇ .
  • the measurement device la further comprises a valve arrangement and/or a pump arrangement (not shown) for evacuating gases from the duct 4 prior to establishing a connection between the measurement device la and the closable container 1.
  • a valve arrangement and/or a pump arrangement for evacuating gases from the duct 4 prior to establishing a connection between the measurement device la and the closable container 1.
  • valve and/or pump arrangement and the self-sealing valve are particularly preferred when the measurement device la is used for servicing and diagnostics of filled gas-insulated switchgear, because these elements allow a connection between the measurement device la and the container 1, which connection can be carried out in such a way that the fluid atmosphere in the container 1 is not substantially changed with respect to density, temperature and pressure, when said connection is being established.
  • the duct 4 can be prefilled with the same fluid as in the container 1 such that the density and pressure in the container 1 are even less affected.
  • the average parameter to be determined is an average temperature T av of the fluid in the closable container 1.
  • an average density of the fluid and/or a temperature- normalized pressure of the fluid and/or an average particle density of the fluid and/or a fluid mass may be derived as well. It is assumed that the steps a) to d) of the method have already been carried out, representing those steps that relate to the setup of the measurement arrangement. Thus, in the mounted state of the measurement arrangement the fluid has spread out into the duct 4 via the bottom opening lib.
  • a temperature ⁇ of the gas inside the duct 4 is equal to that of the duct wall 10 or walls and is stabilized to a constant reference value by e.g. heating up the duct wall 10 by means of the temperature regulating device 12.
  • an average duct wall temperature may be determined from a plurality of temperature values measured along the duct 4.
  • the reference temperature ⁇ is regulated to a value different from the temperature present or assumed to present in the closable container 1.
  • the difference between the average temperature of the gas within the volume of the closable container 1 and the average temperature of the gas within the volume of the duct 4 causes a pressure difference at the membrane 7 between the two volumes 1 and 4.
  • said local pressure difference ⁇ is determined by means of the differential pressure sensor 2 as a difference between a first pressure of the fluid on one side of the membrane 7 and a second pressure of the fluid on the other side of the membrane 7. This is illustrated in Fig. 2 by the curved shape of the membrane 7.
  • h denotes the height as variable
  • Ti the reference temperature
  • h 0 the lowest point of the duct 4
  • M the known molar mass of the fluid
  • p the pressure as a function of height and/or reference temperature Ti
  • R the universal gas constant
  • g the gravitational acceleration.
  • the fluid can be a pure substance or a mixture of substances.
  • T av is the average temperature of the fluid inside the enclosure:
  • the difference pressure across the membrane 7, i.e. the pressure recorded by the differential pressure sensor 2 is:
  • the average physical parameter in this case the average temperature of the fluid r av in the closable container 1, from the local differential pressure ⁇ , a local pressure measurement at h 0 and the reference duct temperature ⁇ .
  • T av may now be used to normalize the measured pressure to a chosen normalization temperature r norm , thereby eliminating intrinsically all pressure variations due to changes in the average gas temperature.
  • This density is now normalized to take into consideration the fact that it is a local density subject to the reference temperature ⁇ .
  • Pnorm is a good approximation of the real density in the container 1 and therefore represents the total mass of fluid in the container 1 . Thus, it can be used as a fast measure for leak detection.
  • a local differential pressure measurement and a local density measurement can be used to derive the correct density of the fluid in the closable container 1 provided a constant reference temperature ⁇ is present in the reference duct 4 .
  • the quantity h -h 0 is known and constant.
  • the temperature-stabilized duct 4 is used as a reference with respect to the container 1 and the temperature field is integrated yielding the average temperature by means of the barometric equation.
  • EOS Beattie-Bridgeman equation of state
  • Fig. 3 shows a diagram showing example curves of an average physical parameter derived by the method according to the invention and by a state equation.
  • the graph shows a plot of the average temperature T av (i.e. T_av) versus the differential pressure ⁇ .
  • the curve "a” is obtained from an experiment performed in an apparatus similar to that shown schematically in Fig. 2 with SF S as filling gas.
  • a left leg (duct) stands for the duct 4 according to the invention and a right leg (duct) stands for a container like the container 1 described herein.
  • the left leg of the setup was temperature stabilized to a known temperature while the right leg was regulated to preset, known, average temperatures and ⁇ was measured using a differential pressure sensor located at the top connection between the two legs.
  • Curve "b” represents theoretical values computed using the Beattie Bridgeman EOS. As can be seen, the experimentally obtained values by using the claimed measurement method agree very well with theoretical computations, thus confirming the suitability of the method for deriv
  • the fluid used in the encapsulated container 1 or electric apparatus 1 can be SF6 gas or any other dielectric insulation medium, may it be gaseous and/or liquid, and in particular can be a dielectric insulation gas or arc quenching gas.
  • dielectric insulation medium can for example encompass media comprising an organofluorine compound, such organo- fluorine compound being selected from the group consisting of: a fluoroether, a fluoroamine, a fluoro- ketone, an oxirane, a hydrofluorolefin, and mixtures thereof; and preferably being a fluoroketone and/or a fluoroether, more preferably a perfluoroketone and/or a hydrofluoroether .
  • fluoroether refers to at least partially fluorinated compounds.
  • fluoroether encompasses both hydrofluoroethers and perfluoroethers
  • fluoroamine encompasses both hydrofluoroamines and perfluoroamines
  • fluoroketone encompasses both hydrofluoroketones and perfluoroketones . It can thereby be preferred that the fluoroether, the fluoroamine, the fluoroketone and the oxirane are fully fluorinated, i.e. perfluorinated .
  • fluoroketone as used in the context of the present invention shall be interpreted broadly and shall encompass both fluoromonoketones and fluorodiketones or generally fluoropolyketones .
  • the term shall also encompass both saturated compounds and unsaturated compounds including double and/or triple bonds between carbon atoms.
  • the at least partially fluorinated alkyl chain of the fluoroketones can be linear or branched and can optionally form a ring.
  • the fluoroketone can be a fluoromonoketone and/or may also comprise heteroatoms, such as at least one of a nitrogen atom, oxygen atom and sulphur atom, replacing one or more carbon atoms.
  • the fluoromonoketone, in particular perfluoroketone shall have from 3 to 15 or from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and particularly from 5 to 9 carbon atoms. Most preferably, it may comprise exactly 5 carbon atoms and/or exactly 6 carbon atoms and/or exactly 7 carbon atoms and/or exactly 8 carbon atoms.
  • the dielectric insulation medium can further comprise a background gas or carrier gas different from the organofluorine compound, in particular different from the fluoroether, the fluoroamine, the fluoroketone, the oxirane and the hydrofluorolefin and preferably can be selected from the group consisting of: air, 3 ⁇ 4, ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4, CO 2 , a noble gas, H 2 ; O 2 , NO, 2 O, fluorocarbons and in particular perfluorocarbons and preferably CF 4 , CF 3 I, SF 6 , and mixtures thereof.
  • a background gas or carrier gas different from the organofluorine compound, in particular different from the fluoroether, the fluoroamine, the fluoroketone, the oxirane and the hydrofluorolefin and preferably can be selected from the group consisting of: air, 3 ⁇ 4, ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4, CO 2 , a noble gas, H 2 ; O 2 , NO, 2 O, fluorocarbons and in particular per
  • the method and device are useful for determining an average physical parameter, in particular an average temperature, for any type of closeable container 1, independent of the application or the nature of the enclosed fluid, in particular enclosed gas.
  • the application may be for example for large gas storage vessels, e.g. in the chemical engineering, petrochemical industry, gas manufacturing, electro-technical industry, etc .
  • busbar electrical conductor

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé pour déterminer une température moyenne d'un fluide dans un récipient pouvant être fermé (1), qui consiste à : utiliser un conduit (4) ayant une première ouverture (11a) et une seconde ouverture (11b), positionner un élément d'arrêt d'écoulement (7) dans le conduit (4), positionner un capteur de densité (3) ou un premier capteur de pression (3) à l'intérieur du conduit (4) ou du récipient (1), attacher le conduit (4) à une paroi extérieure de récipient, stabiliser une température de la paroi de conduit (10) à une valeur de référence constante, déterminer une différence entre une première pression du fluide sur un premier côté et une seconde pression du fluide sur l'autre côté de l'élément d'arrêt d'écoulement (7), mesurer une densité locale du fluide au moyen du capteur de densité (3) et/ou une pression locale au moyen du premier capteur de pression (3), et obtenir la température moyenne à partir de la pression différentielle locale, de la densité locale et de la température de référence de conduit.
EP13729296.7A 2013-06-06 2013-06-06 Procédé et dispositif pour déterminer un paramètre moyen d'un fluide dans un récipient pouvant être fermé Withdrawn EP3004832A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2013/061720 WO2014194958A1 (fr) 2013-06-06 2013-06-06 Procédé et dispositif pour déterminer un paramètre moyen d'un fluide dans un récipient pouvant être fermé

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3004832A1 true EP3004832A1 (fr) 2016-04-13

Family

ID=48628637

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13729296.7A Withdrawn EP3004832A1 (fr) 2013-06-06 2013-06-06 Procédé et dispositif pour déterminer un paramètre moyen d'un fluide dans un récipient pouvant être fermé

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3004832A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN105264352A (fr)
RU (1) RU2015156300A (fr)
WO (1) WO2014194958A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3050080B1 (fr) * 2016-04-12 2021-12-17 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Procede pour augmenter la tenue dielectrique a l'interieur d'un appareil de protection electrique, et appareil presentant une tenue dielectrique amelioree selon ce procede.
US10094095B2 (en) * 2016-11-04 2018-10-09 Phyn, Llc System and method for leak characterization after shutoff of pressurization source
CN106872059A (zh) * 2017-04-12 2017-06-20 山东电力设备有限公司 一种油浸式变压器油温测量装置及测量方法
FR3068468A1 (fr) * 2017-06-30 2019-01-04 General Electric Company Procede et systemes pour recherche de fuites depuis une enceinte de confinement
DE102019204310A1 (de) * 2019-03-28 2020-10-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Überwachungsverfahren für ein in einem Behälter eingehaustes flüchtiges Fluid sowie Elektroenergieübertragungseinrichtung
CN117060257B (zh) * 2023-10-12 2024-01-26 宁波天仑电气股份有限公司 基于智能调控的环保充气柜

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2714384C3 (de) * 1977-03-29 1981-11-26 SIEMENS AG AAAAA, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Überwachungseinrichtung für den Druck eines Gases
US5089214A (en) * 1990-07-26 1992-02-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Apparatus for monitoring the pressure within a cask containing radioactive material
FR2734362B1 (fr) * 1995-05-17 1997-06-13 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Procede et dispositif de determination de la masse volumique d'un gaz d'isolement d'un appareil electrique
FR2819314B1 (fr) * 2001-01-08 2003-06-13 Alstom Procede pour controler de facon non intrusive un taux de melange d'un melange gazeux a au moins deux composants
FR2849193B1 (fr) * 2002-12-19 2005-04-22 Euraltech Sa Procede pour tester l'etancheite d'une piece creuse
FR2910965B1 (fr) * 2006-12-27 2009-04-03 Aker Yards S A Sa Procede de mesure de la porosite reelle de la barriere d'etancheite d'une cuve de confinement de fluide.
DE102010055249B4 (de) * 2010-12-10 2014-04-03 Trafag Ag Dichtewächter

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2014194958A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2014194958A1 (fr) 2014-12-11
RU2015156300A (ru) 2017-07-14
CN105264352A (zh) 2016-01-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2014194958A1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif pour déterminer un paramètre moyen d'un fluide dans un récipient pouvant être fermé
US9927402B2 (en) Method for measuring a fluid density or a fluid viscosity
RU2505894C2 (ru) Герметичное распределительное устройство
US9903903B2 (en) Method and device for determining an operating parameter of a fluid insulated electrical apparatus
Neale et al. Thermodynamic properties of liquid sodium-caesium alloys
CN103548222B (zh) 具有含有含氟化合物的气体绝缘的电气设备
JP2007232651A (ja) 温度可変型低温度校正装置
DK2788745T3 (en) CHAMBER AND METHOD FOR ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS OF STRONG reactive POWDER AND LIQUID SAMPLES
Whittaker et al. Predicting isosteric heats for gas adsorption
Paul et al. SF6 concentration sensor for gas-insulated electrical switchgear
CN109581159A (zh) 一种绝缘液体液态、气态及气液混合态介电特性测试腔
Zaripov et al. Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of Pyrrolidinium-BasedIonic liquids at atmospheric pressure
Papović et al. A comprehensive study of {γ-butyrolactone+ 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide} binary mixtures
JP6124367B2 (ja) 低温用比較校正装置
CN108918028B (zh) 一种标定sf6气体泄漏检测装置精度的系统及其使用方法
Wallace Jr et al. Pressure-Density-Temperature Relations of He 3-He 4 Mixtures near the Liquid-Vapor Critical Point
US20140321031A1 (en) Method For Operating An Electrical Apparatus
Gardner et al. Thermodynamic properties of high-temperature aqueous solutions. XI. Calorimetric determination of the standard partial molal heat capacity and entropy of sodium chloride solutions from 100 to 200. deg.
JP4119320B2 (ja) ガス絶縁開閉装置
Hajjar et al. Determination of the second virial coefficients of six fluorochloromethanes by a gas balance method in the range 40. deg. to 130. deg.
Dickinson et al. Solid/liquid phase equilibria in the mixtures methane+ n-hexane and methane+ n-pentane
CN114878069A (zh) 压力标准源、压力标准源制备设备及压力校准方法
CN207439456U (zh) 一种sf6温湿度检测平台
Zhang et al. Fundamental investigation on the thermal transfer coefficient due to arc faults
JP5142783B2 (ja) ガス絶縁開閉装置のガス圧力検出装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20151222

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20170103

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN