EP3004494B1 - Verrou électrique - Google Patents

Verrou électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3004494B1
EP3004494B1 EP13747527.3A EP13747527A EP3004494B1 EP 3004494 B1 EP3004494 B1 EP 3004494B1 EP 13747527 A EP13747527 A EP 13747527A EP 3004494 B1 EP3004494 B1 EP 3004494B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
latch
box
electric
type
alloys
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13747527.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3004494A1 (fr
Inventor
Fausto Fustini
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CISA SpA
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CISA SpA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3004494A1 publication Critical patent/EP3004494A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
    • E05B47/0001—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means with electric actuators; Constructional features thereof
    • E05B47/0009—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means with electric actuators; Constructional features thereof with thermo-electric actuators, e.g. heated bimetals
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B15/00—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
    • E05B15/10—Bolts of locks or night latches
    • E05B15/101—Spring-retracted bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
    • E05B47/02—Movement of the bolt by electromagnetic means; Adaptation of locks, latches, or parts thereof, for movement of the bolt by electromagnetic means
    • E05B47/026—Movement of the bolt by electromagnetic means; Adaptation of locks, latches, or parts thereof, for movement of the bolt by electromagnetic means the bolt moving rectilinearly
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
    • E05B47/06—Controlling mechanically-operated bolts by electro-magnetically-operated detents
    • E05B47/0603—Controlling mechanically-operated bolts by electro-magnetically-operated detents the detent moving rectilinearly

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric lock adapted for any type of application.
  • this type of lock is used in gates, main doors and access passages through which clearance for passage is required.
  • This type of lock is generally dependent on the presence of an electromagnet and/or a motor which, when supplied with electric current, releases an element that is integral with the latch and which, by way of the action of a respective elastic element, causes its retraction.
  • the electromagnets also are easily subject to failures in relation to the high sensitivity of the conductors that constitute the windings to the voltage variations that arrive from the line, such as excess voltages caused by atmospheric discharges and/or switching overvoltages.
  • the electric motor used in electric locks instead is activated only at the request for a change of state on the part of the lock (for example when the opening control is operated). Once the lock has been opened, the power supply of the motor is interrupted and the lock returns autonomously (by way of adapted elastic means) to the closed configuration.
  • the electric motor has a high energy consumption that is also associated with limited energy efficiency: it is therefore necessary to provide the corresponding lock with a set of high-capacity batteries.
  • JP 2000 352239 A discloses a lock element that is supported by a lock body so as to be movable between a locking position and an unlocking position.
  • a main locking body fixes the lock element to the lock body by fitting to a main locking part arranged on the lock element.
  • a main shape memory alloy is heated, and the main locking body is separated from the main locking part by returning to a memorized shape.
  • the lock element is energized and moved toward the unlocking position and is put in an unlocking state.
  • the aim of the present invention is to solve the problems described above by devising an electric lock that is not connected to the electrical mains and has a long operating independence.
  • an object of the invention is to devise an electric lock that is not connected to the electrical mains and has particularly low costs.
  • Another object of the invention is to devise an electric lock that is not connected to the electrical mains and is scarcely subject to failures.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric lock that has low costs, is relatively simple to provide in practice and is safe in application.
  • the reference numeral 1 generally designates an electric lock according to the invention.
  • the electric lock 1 comprises a box-like body 2, provided with at least one front opening for the passage of at least one latch 3 that can move from a retracted configuration to a protruding configuration.
  • the lock 1 comprises at least one set of batteries 5 of the commercial type that is connected to at least one electric actuator 6, which is functionally associated with the at least one latch 3 for its movement.
  • connection of the set of batteries 5 to the actuator 6 occurs with the interposition of externally actuated means 7 for interrupting electrical continuity.
  • the actuator 6 is provided with at least one component that is at least partially made of a material of the type of a shape memory alloy (SMA).
  • SMA shape memory alloy
  • shape memory alloy references the family of metallic materials that have the capacity to restore their initial configuration if they are deformed and then subjected to an appropriate thermal treatment.
  • SMAs undergo a crystalline phase transformation when they are brought from their more rigid configuration at high temperature (austenite) to the configuration at lower energy and temperature (martensite). This transformation is indeed the primary cause of the particular qualities of these alloys; next to the shape memory effect it is further important to mention the phenomenon of superelasticity, which has multiplied the possibilities of use, as well as the particularity of the martensitic phase, which plays a fundamental role in said transformation.
  • an SMA When an SMA is brought to a low temperature, it assumes a configuration of the martensitic type, it has a low yield strength and is easily deformable; as a consequence of heating, the alloy is modified, arranging itself according to another crystalline structure, of the austenitic type, and thus resumes the initial shape and configuration.
  • the temperature at which the alloy "remembers" its primitive form can be modified by means of variations in the composition or by means of appropriate thermal treatments. In the NiTi alloy, for example, said temperature can vary by even 100°C; the shape recovery process occurs within a range of a few degrees.
  • Such shape memory alloy component of the actuator 6 is therefore deformable as a consequence of an external force of the type preferably selected between the flow through it of an electric current and exposure to a heat source, from a first inactive configuration, at which the latch 4 is arranged in a configuration in which it protrudes from the box-like body 2 (the door, gate, main door is closed stably), to a second actuation configuration, at which the latch 4 is arranged in a retracted configuration (generally as a consequence of an elastic forcing of at least one of said elastic means 4a, 4b and 4c) into the box-like body 2 (and therefore the door, gate, main door can be opened).
  • the box-like body 2 comprises at least one seat for accommodating the at least one set of batteries 5 and an electric circuit 8 for the connection of the at least one set of batteries to the actuator 6.
  • At least one of the means 7 for interrupting electrical continuity is arranged along the electric circuit 8.
  • the means 7 for interrupting electrical continuity are constituted preferably by a normally-open button, a contactor, a remote control switch, a relay, a processor and the like.
  • these means 7 for interrupting electrical continuity shall comprise preferably a station 9 for receiving control signals that controls the components of the type of a contactor, a remote control switch, a relay, a processor and the like.
  • a signal transmitter 10 of the type of a remote control provided with a control element 11 that can be operated by a user.
  • the transmitter 10 Upon the action of a user on the control element (intended to modify its state), the transmitter 10 sends a signal to the receiving station 9, which causes the change of state of the contactor, remote control switch, relay, processor and the like controlled thereby.
  • the electric lock 1 in parallel to the at least one set of batteries 5, in order to recharge it, can comprise at least one auxiliary circuit 12, which is affected by an assembly 13 for adjusting the electrical values and leads to a device 14 of the type of a photovoltaic panel and the like.
  • This embodiment allows to keep the at least one set of batteries 5 constantly charged by means of the electric power supplied daily by the auxiliary circuit 12 (powered by the device 14).
  • the set of batteries 5 must be of the rechargeable type.
  • the box-like body 2 can comprise at least one additional front window for the passage of at least one reloading piston 15.
  • the piston 15 is generally coupled to a respective bracket 16 for supporting the at least one latch 3, with the interposition of respective elastic means 4c.
  • the actuator 6 is constituted by the reloading piston 15, by the elastic elements 4c and by at least one locking pin 17 that is at least partially made of a shape memory alloy.
  • the lock 1 When the lock 1 is arranged for closure, i.e., when the latch 3 is in a configuration in which it protrudes from the box-like body 2 and the reloading piston 15 is arranged so as to be completely retracted within the box-like body 2, with consequent compression of the elastic elements 4c against the respective bracket 16, the at least one locking pin 17, as a consequence of an external force applied thereto, for the type preferably selected between the flow through it of an electric current and the exposure to a heat source, is deformable from the first inactive configuration, which corresponds to its engagement on the bracket 16 for locking it by friction/interference, to an actuation configuration, which corresponds to its spacing from the bracket 16 (caused by a size contraction of said pin 17) with consequent release of the bracket 16 and corresponding retrograde sliding by way of the action of the elastic elements 4c and consequent retraction of the latch 3 within the box-like body 2.
  • the at least one electric actuator 6 can be constituted by an element 19 that is made at least partially of a material of the type of a shape memory alloy, interposed between the face directed toward the inside of the box-like body 2 of the latch 3 and a bracket 16 for anchoring and moving the latch 3 that is internal to the box-like body 2.
  • the element 19 is deformable from an inactive configuration, in which it is longer and at which the latch 3 is arranged in a configuration that which it is shorter and at which the latch 3 is arranged in a configuration in which it is retracted within the box-like body 2.
  • the element 19, made at least partially of a material of the type of a shape memory alloy, is preferably shaped like an axially-acting helical spring: the contiguous turns of such spring are mutually spaced at the first inactive configuration, in which the element 19 is not subjected to external forces, and face each other and are proximate to each other in the second actuation configuration, in which the element 19 is subjected to external forces.
  • elastic means 4a and 4b are interposed between the face directed toward the inside of the box-like body 2 of the latch 3 and its bracket 16 for anchoring and movement inside the box-like body 2.
  • the at least one electric actuator 6, in accordance with the invention, comprises at least one unit 20, functionally associated with the latch 3, that can move along a predefined stroke by way of the action of a pusher 21 that is made at least partially of a material of the type of a shape memory alloy.
  • the stroke of the unit 20 in this case is defined between two extreme arrangements, a first arrangement that corresponds to the latch 3 protruding from the box-like body 2 by way of the action of the elastic means 4a and 4b and a second arrangement that corresponds to the latch 3 being retracted within the box-like body 2 in contrast with the elastic means 4a, 4b (by way of the action of the pusher 21).
  • a movable unit 20 constituted by a lever that is pivoted on the box-like body 2.
  • the lever has an arm 22 that is associated with the latch 3 and the opposite arm 23 that is associated with the pusher 21.
  • the pusher 21 (at least partially made of shape memory alloys and/or materials having similar physical properties) is not subjected to a force (therefore is not crossed by an electric current and/or is not exposed to a heat source), its length is minimal and therefore it does not act on the arm 23 of the lever: the latch 3 therefore continues to protrude from the box-like body 2 by way of the action of the elastic means 4a, 4b.
  • the pusher 21 When instead the pusher 21 has a force applied thereto (and is therefore crossed by an electric current and/or exposed to a heat source), its length increases and therefore it acts on the arm 23 of the lever, causing a rotation thereof that causes the backward motion of the latch 3 until it retracts completely inside the box-like body 2.
  • a possible alternative practical embodiment of the constructive solution according to the invention described above, comprising the movable unit 21, is the one that provides it by means of a slider that can slide along a guide defined on the box-like body 2.
  • the slider has a first portion that is associated with the latch 3 and a second portion that is at associated with the pusher 21.
  • the electric actuator 6 is associated with the respective circuit 8 comprising the set of batteries 5: the flow of electric current can affect directly the component made of a material of the type of shape-memory alloys or can pass through a heater (such as for example a resistance heater) that faces such component, which, by overheating due to the Joule effect, applies a force to the component.
  • a heater such as for example a resistance heater
  • the actuator 6, can comprise at least one heater of the type of an electric resistor and the like that faces and is proximate to the at least one component at least partially made of a shape memory alloy in order to subject it to a force of the thermal type, such as a heating.
  • the shape memory alloys of predominant interest for the application of the present invention are those of the type preferably selected among copper-zinc alloys, nickel-titanium alloys, silver-cadmium alloys, gold-cadmium alloys, copper-aluminum-nickel alloys, copper-tin alloys, indium-titanium alloys, nickel-aluminum alloys, iron-platinum alloys, manganese-copper alloys, iron-manganese-silicon alloys, and the like.
  • An external disturbance (which corresponds for example to the abutment of the latch 3 on a surface of the respective selvage) causes the instantaneous retraction of the latch 3, which then returns to the stable protruding configuration.
  • a lock with bistable latch necessarily requires the presence of a motor that has a high energy consumption; a lock with monostable latch 3 according to the invention, by ensuring its own operation only by means of an actuator 21 made of shape memory alloy (optionally aided by respective elastic means and corresponding reloading elements), has a substantially negligible energy consumption: it is therefore particularly adapted to operate with a power supply using batteries 5.
  • the present invention solves the problems mentioned earlier by proposing an electric lock 1 that is not connected to the electrical mains and has a great operating independence.
  • the electric lock 1 not connected to the electric mains, according to the invention has particularly low costs: the adoption of sets of batteries 5 of the commercial type in fact ensures an enormous reduction in production costs (especially if compared with an electric lock of the traditional type, which requires, for its energy independence, special batteries with extremely high efficiency and with high storable energy).
  • the electric lock 1, not connected to the electrical mains, is scarcely subject to failures.
  • the electric lock 1 has low operating costs and at the same time is also relatively simple to provide in practice as well as safe in application.
  • the materials used may be any according to requirements and to the state of the art.

Landscapes

  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Serrure électrique du type comportant un corps analogue à un boîtier (2), pourvu d'au moins une ouverture avant pour le passage d'au moins un pêne (3) qui peut passer d'une position rétractée à une position en saillie, des moyens élastiques (4a, 4b, 4c) étant agencés entre ledit corps analogue à un boîtier (2) et ledit au moins un pêne (3) pour forcer le au moins un pêne (3) dans l'une desdites deux configurations, la serrure comportant en outre au moins un actionneur électrique (6), fonctionnellement associé audit pêne (3) pour son mouvement, en liaison avec l'interposition de moyens (7) pour interrompre la continuité électrique qui sont actionnés extérieurement, ledit actionneur (6) étant pourvu d'au moins un composant qui est au moins en partie constitué d'un matériau du type alliage à mémoire de forme, ledit composant étant déformable, en conséquence d'une force externe du type de préférence choisi entre un passage à travers lui d'un courant électrique et une exposition à une source de chaleur, depuis une première configuration inactive, dans laquelle ledit pêne (3) est agencé dans une configuration qui fait saillie à partir dudit corps analogue à un boîtier (2), jusqu'à une seconde configuration d'actionnement, dans laquelle ledit pêne (3) est agencé dans une configuration dans laquelle il est rétracté dans ledit corps analogue à un boîtier (2), dans lequel lesdits moyens élastiques (4a, 4b) sont intercalés entre la face dirigée vers l'intérieur dudit corps analogue à un boîtier (2) dudit pêne (3) et une patte (16) pour l'ancrage et le mouvement dudit pêne (3) qui est à l'intérieur dudit corps analogue à un boîtier (2), ledit au moins un actionneur électrique (6) comporte au moins une unité (20), qui est fonctionnellement associée audit pêne (3) et peut se déplacer le long d'une course prédéfinie au moyen de l'action d'un poussoir (21) qui est constitué au moins en partie d'un matériau du type alliage à mémoire de forme, ladite course étant définie entre deux agencements extrêmes, un premier agencement qui correspond audit pêne (3) faisant saillie à partir dudit corps analogue à un boîtier (2) au moyen de l'action des moyens élastiques (4a, 4b), un second agencement qui correspond audit pêne (3) étant rétracté dans ledit corps analogue à un boîtier (2) en opposition auxdits moyens élastiques (4a, 4b), caractérisée en ce que
    la serrure comporte en outre au moins un ensemble de piles (5) du type commercial qui est relié au au moins un actionneur électrique (6) ; et
    ladite unité mobile (20) étant :
    un levier qui pivote sur ledit corps analogue à un boîtier (2), ledit levier ayant un bras (22) qui est associé audit pêne (3) et le bras opposé (23) qui est associé audit poussoir (21), ou
    un coulisseau qui peut coulisser le long d'un guide qui est défini sur ledit corps analogue à un boîtier (2), ledit coulisseau ayant une première partie qui est associée audit pêne (3) et une seconde partie qui est associée audit poussoir (21) .
  2. Serrure électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que ledit corps analogue à un boîtier (2) comporte au moins un siège pour recevoir ledit au moins un ensemble de piles (5) et un circuit électrique (8) pour le raccordement dudit au moins un ensemble de piles (5) audit actionneur (6), au moins un desdits moyens (7) pour interrompre la continuité électrique étant agencé le long dudit circuit (8).
  3. Serrure électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens pour interrompre la continuité électrique (7) sont de préférence constitués d'un bouton normalement ouvert, d'un contacteur, d'un commutateur de télécommande, d'un relais, d'un processeur et analogue.
  4. Serrure électrique selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens (7) pour interrompre la continuité électrique comportent une station de réception de signaux (9) qui commande ledit composant du type contacteur, commutateur de télécommande, relais, processeur et analogue, et un émetteur de signaux (10), du type télécommande, pourvu d'un élément de commande (11) qui peut être actionné par un utilisateur.
  5. Serrure électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte, parallèlement audit au moins un ensemble de piles (5) pour la recharger, au moins un circuit auxiliaire (12), qui est affecté par une unité pour régler les valeurs électriques (13) et mène à un dispositif (14) du type panneau photovoltaïque et analogue.
  6. Serrure électrique selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ledit actionneur (6) comporte au moins un élément chauffant du type résistance électrique et analogue qui fait face au au moins un composant et est proche de celui-ci, lequel composant est au moins en partie constitué d'un alliage à mémoire de forme afin de le soumettre à une force du type thermique, tel qu'un chauffage.
  7. Serrure électrique selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ledit alliage à mémoire de forme est du type de préférence choisi parmi des alliages de cuivre-zinc, des alliages de nickel-titane, des alliages d'argent-cadmium, des alliages d'or-cadmium, des alliages de cuivre-aluminium-nickel, des alliages de cuivre-étain, des alliages d'indium-titane, des alliages de nickel-aluminium, des alliages de fer-platine, des alliages de manganèse-cuivre, des alliages de fer-manganèse-silicium et analogues.
  8. Serrure électrique selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ledit au moins un pêne (3) est monostable, c'est-à-dire qu'il a une configuration d'équilibre stable à son extraction complète dudit corps analogue à un boîtier (2), les actions desdits moyens élastiques (4a, 4b, 4c) entraînant le forçage du au moins un pêne (3) dans ladite configuration en vue d'une fermeture de la serrure (1), l'action du au moins un actionneur électrique (6) entraînant le mouvement instantané dudit pêne dans la configuration ouverte opposée, ledit pêne (3) retournant instantanément à la configuration fermée lorsque l'action dudit actionneur (6) cesse.
EP13747527.3A 2013-05-27 2013-05-27 Verrou électrique Active EP3004494B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IT2013/000148 WO2014192032A1 (fr) 2013-05-27 2013-05-27 Verrou électrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3004494A1 EP3004494A1 (fr) 2016-04-13
EP3004494B1 true EP3004494B1 (fr) 2020-02-26

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WO (1) WO2014192032A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017072800A1 (fr) * 2015-10-27 2017-05-04 Cisa S.P.A. Dispositif de commande pour serrures électriques et éléments de fermeture électriques
IT201700037184A1 (it) * 2017-04-05 2018-10-05 Cisa Spa Dispositivo elettrico del tipo di una elettro-serratura, un lettore di transponder e/o schede magnetiche, un display e simili
CN107386812A (zh) * 2017-07-06 2017-11-24 上海动联信息技术股份有限公司 一种无线控制锁具的控制方法
RO133623A2 (ro) * 2018-03-07 2019-09-30 Universitatea "Ştefan Cel Mare" Din Suceava Sistem de zăvorâre
WO2021072655A1 (fr) * 2019-10-15 2021-04-22 深圳来电科技有限公司 Dispositif de verrouillage, dispositif de déverrouillage d'alimentation électrique portable et module de charge d'alimentation électrique portable
DE202019105708U1 (de) * 2019-10-16 2021-01-19 Martin Lehmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Schließanordnung
US20220074235A1 (en) * 2020-09-05 2022-03-10 Ryan Joongi Cho Automatic door opening device using thermal expansion of shape memory alloy

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IT227824Y1 (it) * 1992-03-24 1998-01-21 Italiana Serrature Affini Dispositivo per impedire l'apertura fraudolenta di una serratura elettrica
JP2000352239A (ja) * 1999-06-09 2000-12-19 Toki Corporation Kk 錠装置
ITTO20030262A1 (it) * 2003-04-04 2004-10-05 Fiat Ricerche Dispositivo di serratura con mezzi attuatori a memoria di forma.
DE102009060464A1 (de) * 2009-12-24 2011-06-30 Kiekert AG, 42579 Schließeinrichtung mit SMA-Glied
WO2013080231A1 (fr) * 2011-11-30 2013-06-06 Cisa S.P.A. Verrou électrique

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WO2014192032A1 (fr) 2014-12-04

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