EP3003663A1 - Procede de fabrication d'un materiau composite a base de fibres naturelles ensemencees avec du mycelium et piece obtenue avec un tel procede. - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication d'un materiau composite a base de fibres naturelles ensemencees avec du mycelium et piece obtenue avec un tel procede.Info
- Publication number
- EP3003663A1 EP3003663A1 EP14733262.1A EP14733262A EP3003663A1 EP 3003663 A1 EP3003663 A1 EP 3003663A1 EP 14733262 A EP14733262 A EP 14733262A EP 3003663 A1 EP3003663 A1 EP 3003663A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- parts
- mycelium
- weight
- mycelial
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- WNEODWDFDXWOLU-QHCPKHFHSA-N 3-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[1-methyl-5-[[5-[(2s)-2-methyl-4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl]pyridin-2-yl]amino]-6-oxopyridin-3-yl]pyridin-2-yl]-7,7-dimethyl-1,2,6,8-tetrahydrocyclopenta[3,4]pyrrolo[3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one Chemical compound C([C@@H](N(CC1)C=2C=NC(NC=3C(N(C)C=C(C=3)C=3C(=C(N4C(C5=CC=6CC(C)(C)CC=6N5CC4)=O)N=CC=3)CO)=O)=CC=2)C)N1C1COC1 WNEODWDFDXWOLU-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
- C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
- C08L5/08—Chitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Hyaluronic acid; Derivatives thereof
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B2001/742—Use of special materials; Materials having special structures or shape
- E04B2001/745—Vegetal products, e.g. plant stems, barks
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
- Y02A30/244—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation using natural or recycled building materials, e.g. straw, wool, clay or used tires
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for manufacturing a composite material from natural organic fibers seeded with mycelium and also to a process for producing a composite material from natural organic fibers seeded with mycelium and a piece of determined shape obtained from such a material.
- Such panels are bad acoustic insulators. In addition, they exhibit high combustibility if they are not specially treated with flame retardants during their manufacture.
- fire resistant materials such as those obtained from a mixture incorporating cement for example magnesian or Portland. If such materials can, by their mainly mineral constitution, be well classified in their fire resistance, they are on the other hand less resistant to moisture, and / or prove to be heavy and brittle and little noise dampers.
- CN 103 073 2234 is known a process for the preparation of acoustic damping material based on a mixture of cotton and mycelium and then drying at 50 ° C. Such a method does not make it possible to obtain a rigid material and does not really solve other problems such as fire resistance.
- the present invention aims to provide a method and a piece of determined shape, obtained in particular by such a method, responding better than those previously known to the requirements of the practice, in particular in that it provides a non-toxic piece that can be molded and / or machined, which is acoustically insulating, good fire resistance, hydrophobic, simple in its design and in its operating mode and still having excellent mechanical strength due to its compactness and very high cohesion.
- One of the objects of the present invention is therefore to produce a plate that can be used outside, that is to say, resistant to rain and bad weather, that is acoustically insulating and that has good fire resistance.
- Another object is to provide a shaped part of a material that offers multiple possibilities of molding and / or machining, drilling, cutting, milling, turning etc .... It will also be possible with the invention to form multilayer parts of several more or less fibrous materials to ultimately obtain an excellent aesthetic rendering, comparable to those obtained with wood.
- the invention starts from the idea of using straw seeded with mycelium to, through a very high compression exerted when hot, to obtain a compact material which presents totally unexpected results both in term of sound quality, only water-repellent and / or flame retardant characteristics.
- This binder has excellent adhesive and / or tacky properties, the part obtained at least partly so by thermoforming being of great strength and strong cohesion.
- the material obtained is similar to a plastic material, because of the ramifications of the mycelium imbricated with and / or impregnating the organic fibers intimately.
- the techniques used in plastics can even go to the injection, will be made possible.
- the present invention notably proposes a process for manufacturing a composite material (100% biodegradable), in which a mixture of natural organic fibers is prepared, seeded with mycelium, and the mixture thus seeded is incubated for a period of one year. period of time determined to form a mycelial substrate, characterized in that, before seeding with mycelium, the mixture of natural organic fibers is pasteurized,
- the determined period of time is arranged so that the mycelial substrate comprises per 100 parts by weight of substrate, between 2 parts and 60 parts by weight of dry mycelium and between 10 parts and 30 parts by weight of water,
- dry mycelium living mycelium comprising per 100 parts by weight of material, less than 12 parts by weight of water.
- incubation storage under conditions of determined standard temperature, humidity and O 2 / CO 2 partial pressures. These are known to those skilled in the art who will use them to produce the mycelial substrate used by mushroom growers to produce mushrooms.
- the inoculated mixture or compost is placed in tanks or bags placed in an enclosed room in which the temperature, the humidity and the rate of oxygen and carbon dioxide are monitored, for example for two weeks, by example at a temperature between 22 ° and 25 °.
- Pasteurization means the process used in a known manner in the mushroom industry (conditions of temperature, pressure and humidity known and / or easily further determined by those skilled in the art).
- the mycelial substrate is enriched considerably in mycelium progressively to the detriment of lignocellulosic fibers (natural organic fibers) which are gradually modified with change of their appearance and their property.
- the relative amount of mycelium and natural fibers will therefore vary according to the initial proportions and the incubation period and will depend on the mycelium used, the natural fibers used and the duration and incubation conditions (temperature, pressure, humidity etc ..)
- one or more of the following provisions are also and / or in addition:
- the mycelial substrate is compressed by at least two successive stages in a mold at a pressure greater than or equal to 25 bars, leaving the compressed substrate degassing between at least the first bearing and the second bearing, to form a piece of the mold dimension;
- the substrate is ground and mixed with another fibrous material before compression;
- the incubation is carried out in a first mold of determined form
- the fiber mixture is formed of straw
- the mycelium is obtained from fungal species selected from one or the other of the following species: the yellow oyster mushroom (Pleurotus citrino-pileatus), the Shitake (lentinus edodes) and the gray oyster mushroom (Pleurotus astreatus, Pleurotus pulmonarius, Hybrid Pleurotus, Pleurotus colombinus);
- the compression pressure is greater than 40 bar absolute, advantageously greater than 60 bar absolute;
- the compression is carried out according to several repeated pressure / degassing cycles during determined times, for example three cycles each comprising a compression of one to several minutes, followed each time by a degassing of a few minutes;
- the heating temperature is greater than 105 ° C., for example greater than 150 ° C., for example
- the mycelial substrate is mixed with a mineral or with a plastic additive (for example in PTFE or in pieces of silicone paper) for additive parts by weight of between 1 and 15 parts per 100 parts by weight of the substrate.
- a plastic additive for example in PTFE or in pieces of silicone paper
- the invention also proposes a part obtained by the method described above.
- the invention provides a piece of determined shape, comprising a body formed of a mycelial substrate comprising dried and inert mycelium, natural organic fibers and a solidified juice obtained by hot pressing said mycelial substrate.
- Natural fibers can be at least partially degraded.
- the part comprises, for 100 parts by weight, between 2 parts and 30 parts by weight of dried mycelium, between 2 parts and 30 parts of composite solidified juice (degraded fibers and mycelium), and at least 10 parts by weight of water , the balance by weight being essentially natural fibers (what is left of them) possibly including additives as specified below: alfalfa, soy, calcium, magnesium, trace elements etc.
- one or both of the following provisions are also and / or in addition:
- the material is formed by mixing said pasteurized natural organic fibers, inoculated with mycelium, incubated for a determined period of time to form said mycelial substrate, hot-pressed in a mold at a predetermined temperature greater than or equal to the temperature sufficient to transform and render inert the mycelium and produce a viscous impregnating material the fibers thereby forming said mycelial substrate prior to drying, said dried mycelial substrate comprising per 100 parts by weight of substrate, between 2 parts and 30 parts by weight of dry mycelium and less than 10 parts by weight of water;
- the substrate is crushed and mixed with another fibrous material before hot pressing in a mold;
- the mycelium is obtained from fungal species chosen from one or the other of the following species: the yellow oyster mushroom, the shitake and the gray oyster mushroom;
- the compression pressure is greater than 25 bar absolute
- the fibers are selected from the group consisting of wood, coconut, sisal, cereal straw, rice straw, corn, barley, oats, sorghum, kapok, flax, hemp, jute, ramie, cotton, stinging nettle (urtica dio ⁇ ca), animal fibers, said fibers being used singly or in combination;
- the fibers are barley straw or wheat fibers
- the piece additionally comprises, alone or in combination, between 0.1 and 15 parts by weight, for
- the mycelial substrate 100 parts by weight of the mycelial substrate, of one and / or the other of the following products: a mineral, a plastic additive, silicone paper pieces, a fire-retardant agent, a flame-retardant agent, a herbicidal agent , a natural dye, an antifungal agent, an olfactory masking agent.
- a mineral 100 parts by weight of the mycelial substrate, of one and / or the other of the following products: a mineral, a plastic additive, silicone paper pieces, a fire-retardant agent, a flame-retardant agent, a herbicidal agent , a natural dye, an antifungal agent, an olfactory masking agent.
- the size of the natural organic fibers is for example and advantageously such that between about 1/2 and about 3/4 of the fibers are of length between about 5 cm and about 30 cm, or between about 1/4 and about 1/2 of the fibers are of length between about 3 mm and about 15 mm.
- the piece is for example a plate used in the building for example as an insulating partition, possibly covered with a varnish or lacquer type paint, acrylic, or lime. It may also be a bowl, a plate, or a container of any shape and size or an industrial part usable for example in the automotive or aeronautic industry.
- Figure 1 is a flow chart showing the steps followed in the embodiment of the method of the invention more particularly described here.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a part of the process steps of FIG.
- Figure 3 is a schematic sectional view of a plate according to the invention showing its constitution.
- Figure 4 is a perspective photographic view of a bowl obtained with a material according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a photographic perspective view of a plate according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a comparative diagram showing the acoustic performances of a plate according to one embodiment of the invention compared with the standard materials of the prior art.
- Figure 1 shows the main steps of implementation of the manufacturing process more particularly described before manufacture of the piece of determined shape.
- This process is essentially divided into three parts.
- a first part 1 is done in a composting plant, the second part 2 is made at the mushroom producer, and the third part 3 indifferently on the composting plant or at the mushroom producer or at a third manufacturer of the raw material, located in close geographical proximity (a few kilometers and / or tens of kilometers from the producer of compost or mushrooms), or at the manufacturer of the piece of determined form.
- the first part 1 comprises first a step 4 of preparing the mixture.
- the pile is composted (packed) briefly in the open air, then pasteurized (step 5), that is to say thermally treated with water vapor in known manner in partially anaerobic conditions, in pasteurization tunnels.
- the compost (or mixture) thus pasteurized is then inoculated (step 6).
- Seeding is done with mycelium generally grown on millet grains.
- the seeding rate (W / W) varies between
- step 7 Their quality obviously conditions the success of the incubation (step 7), a mixture that will form the mycelial substrate.
- an intermediate stage (not shown) of compression of the straw strands is for example provided.
- the compost or seeded mixture scrolls horizontally along a corridor where it is packed on three sides in a sheath and compartmentalized into blocks. The synchronization allows the machine to seal the blocks as they are made.
- the blocks obtained are between 15 and 20 kg, with dimensions of 20 cm ⁇ 20 cm ⁇ 40 cm.
- the packaging can also be done in molds of appropriate shapes, depending on the type of parts that are ultimately desired.
- Incubation can also be done in bulk, in tunnels comparable to those of pasteurization.
- step 7 The next step is that of incubation (step 7).
- the blocks are incubated here at temperatures of about 25 ° C in order to develop the mycelial network therein.
- This incubation is, according to the varieties, in the light or in the dark in a manner known to the skilled person.
- Step 7 lasts 2 to 4 weeks on average.
- the third part 3 concerns the manufacture of the composite material itself, which is therefore a substitute for mushroom cultivation.
- this part comprises a first step 8 of compressing the substrate blocks B with a hydraulic press P for example known in itself in a mold M for example parallelepiped.
- the blocks B essentially comprise fibers F in the horizontal direction and the pressure between 25 and 80 bar, by example 30 bar absolute, is exerted for a predetermined time of several minutes, for example from 3 to 10 minutes.
- a degassing step 9 is carried out for several minutes, for example 3 minutes.
- the compression is done hot (heat source S) by heating the mold M at a temperature for example 130 ° C to have a temperature ⁇ 0 heart of 105 ° C.
- Figure 3 shows a representation by the edge of a block B '' from the mold, not yet worked.
- Block B '' comprises dried and inert mycelium
- natural organic fibers 12 possibly at least partially degraded
- a solidified juice 13 (slightly dashed in FIG. 3) obtained by mixing the two with the water initially contained in the substrate and then partially evaporated.
- the juice before cooling is viscous and strongly impregnates the assembly producing a natural glue biodegradable surprisingly.
- the blocks are taken out of the mold, placed for example on a conveyor belt 14, cooled and dried (steps 15 and 16) before transport 17 and delivery to a location where the blocks B '' are shaped (step 18) to obtain the parts 19, for example by machining using tool 20.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show two pieces obtained with the invention, namely a bowl 21 and a plate 22.
- the bowl is hydrophobic and allows the retention of water without absorption for several days. It also resists very well to fire, when it is put on the flame of a gas burner, it does not burn but blackens.
- the plate 22 shows for its exceptional quality as a sound insulator.
- the materials are:
- trim a compound of 3 layers of wood
- mycelial substrate material prepared according to the invention (or hereinafter also abbreviated as "mycelium") Table I below indicates the thicknesses and specific properties of each plate used during the tests. TABLE I
- FIG. 6 shows the experimental results observed (graph 25) corresponding to table II below, giving the absorption coefficient (in ordinate) as a function of the sound frequency on the abscissa (in Hz).
- the measurement of the absorption coefficient makes it possible to very strongly differentiate the acoustic behavior (absorption) of the plate of mycelial material from that of the other plates.
- the material according to the invention also has excellent fire resistance.
- mycelium intervenes in three different ways in the resistance of the material, its flexibility or rigidity. It intervenes by its filamentous nature (mycelial network), by the constitution of its wall (chitin and glucans), and by its attachment to the strands of straw (physical and chemical grip).
- the walls of the mycelium consist of two main components: chitin and glucans.
- Chitin is the carapace of the mushroom. It is actually the structural component of the wall of hyphae and spores in higher fungi. It represents 50% of the dry matter of the mushroom. However, chemically, it is an unbranched polymer of N-acetylglucosamine which forms, with chitosan, microfibrils whose role of support is comparable. to that of cellulose in chlorophyll plants. These molecules are connected to each other by ⁇ 1-4 bonds.
- Chitin confers great resistance to mycelium. It is more hydrophobic, and rather flexible. It is with Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) that it becomes rigid.
- the concentration of chitin increases with the age of the mycelium, causing its thickening during the aging of the mycelial filament, with inversion of the chitin-glucan proportions.
- the grinding body which corresponds to aged mycelia, is therefore very rich.
- glucans are polymers organized in branched microchannels, thus participating in the reinforcement of the mycelial network.
- Straw and mycelium therefore both have a filamentous structure, whether macroscopically, microscopically or even molecularly.
- Their walls consist of more or less branched molecules, some being hydrophilic, but especially other hydrophobic.
- the straw fibers measure a few cm on average at the time of seeding. This size depends on the type of grinding performed on the Composting Plant. It does not vary when we grow the Oyster mushrooms. Shitake, on the other hand, seems to cut them out.
- the material is in the form of blocks with an average density of about 250 to 300 kg / m 3 , for a humidity of about 60%.
- the density is close to that of the blocks arrived at the mushroom farm.
- This density is evaluated in the eye, but especially in the impossibility of detaching the fibers from each other, especially in the case of Yellow Oyster.
- the mycelium has become a powerful binder.
- the mycelial fibers grip and coat these straw fibers.
- lignin and straw tannins are part of the matrix (or juice obtained).
- Lignin and straw tannins are constituent elements of the matrix, since during cooking these substances will become viscous and then harden like a cement while cooling.
- the mycelium is a determining element of the matrix or juice obtained:
- mycelial filaments to straw strands is strongly involved in the resistance of mycelial compost.
- the mycelium in order to feed itself, grasps the strands of straw, insinuates itself into them and coats them as it grows, digesting them in part. For this, it mobilizes a whole series of enzymes (laccases, peroxidases, cellulases).
- Mycelia are indeed rich in substances that become gelatinous under the effect of moisture (mucilages, ). They also produce many tannins that will behave like straw tannins, ie liquefy under the effect of temperature and then harden on cooling, thus playing a role similar to that of thermosetting resins.
- the tannins are rather polyphenols, which become real liqueurs during cooking. Recall that polyphenols are organic molecules, secondary metabolites comprising hydroxyl groups attached to an aromatic structure.
- straw is advantageously supplemented initially with lime, gypsum, trace elements ⁇ , and nitrogen supply.
- the present invention is not limited to the embodiments more particularly described. On the contrary, it embraces all the variants and in particular those where the fungal species are different.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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FR1355170A FR3006693B1 (fr) | 2013-06-05 | 2013-06-05 | Procede de fabrication d'un materiau composite a base de fibres naturelles ensemencees avec du mycelium et piece obtenue avec un tel procede. |
PCT/FR2014/051335 WO2014195641A1 (fr) | 2013-06-05 | 2014-06-04 | Procede de fabrication d'un materiau composite a base de fibres naturelles ensemencees avec du mycelium et piece obtenue avec un tel procede. |
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EP3003663A1 true EP3003663A1 (fr) | 2016-04-13 |
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EP14733262.1A Withdrawn EP3003663A1 (fr) | 2013-06-05 | 2014-06-04 | Procede de fabrication d'un materiau composite a base de fibres naturelles ensemencees avec du mycelium et piece obtenue avec un tel procede. |
Country Status (3)
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EP (1) | EP3003663A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3006693B1 (fr) |
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US9485917B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2016-11-08 | Ecovative Design, LLC | Method for producing grown materials and products made thereby |
US11277979B2 (en) | 2013-07-31 | 2022-03-22 | Ecovative Design Llc | Mycological biopolymers grown in void space tooling |
US20150101509A1 (en) | 2013-10-14 | 2015-04-16 | Gavin R. McIntyre | Method of Manufacturing a Stiff Engineered Composite |
WO2016168563A1 (fr) * | 2015-04-15 | 2016-10-20 | Ecovative Design Llc | Procédé de production de surfaces composites mycéliennes dans un format de rouleau à rouleau |
MY192441A (en) | 2016-03-01 | 2022-08-21 | The Fynder Group Inc | Filamentous fungal biomats, methods of their production and methods of their use |
CN106543758A (zh) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-03-29 | 广州柏芳生物科技有限公司 | 一种利用食用菌菌渣制备的可生物降解材料及其制备方法 |
CN106519728A (zh) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-03-22 | 广州柏芳生物科技有限公司 | 一种利用食用菌菌渣作为种子二次发酵制备的可生物降解材料及其制备方法 |
EP3599832A4 (fr) | 2017-03-31 | 2021-01-27 | Ecovative Design LLC | Procédés de post-traitement à base de solution(s) pour matériau biopolymère mycologique et produit mycologique ainsi obtenu |
US11266085B2 (en) | 2017-11-14 | 2022-03-08 | Ecovative Design Llc | Increased homogeneity of mycological biopolymer grown into void space |
US11920126B2 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2024-03-05 | Ecovative Design Llc | Bio-manufacturing process |
US11293005B2 (en) | 2018-05-07 | 2022-04-05 | Ecovative Design Llc | Process for making mineralized mycelium scaffolding and product made thereby |
US20190359931A1 (en) | 2018-05-24 | 2019-11-28 | Ecovative Design Llc | Process and Apparatus for Producing Mycelium Biomaterial |
JP6402299B1 (ja) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-10-10 | 山田 昌夫 | 難燃断熱成形体の作製方法 |
CA3113935A1 (fr) | 2018-10-02 | 2020-04-09 | Ecovative Design Llc | Paradigme de bioreacteur servant a la production de matrices hyphales extraparticulaires secondaires |
DE102020134625A1 (de) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-06-23 | Ewald Dörken Ag | Biologisch erzeugtes Dämm- und Konstruktionsmaterial |
WO2022155516A1 (fr) * | 2021-01-14 | 2022-07-21 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Procédé de mycotecture |
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US5055159A (en) * | 1990-05-16 | 1991-10-08 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Biomechanical pulping with C. subvermispora |
FR2746078B1 (fr) * | 1996-03-13 | 1998-08-21 | Procede et machine pour la fabrication de substituts biodegradables de pieces notamment destinees a l'emballage et produits ainsi obtenus | |
US5945132A (en) * | 1997-01-30 | 1999-08-31 | Agriboard Industries | Apparatus for making compressed agricultural fiber structural board |
US8769894B2 (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2014-07-08 | Powerhouse Building Solutions (2009) Inc. | Insulation and ventilation systems for building structures |
CN103073224B (zh) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-08-06 | 北京市劳动保护科学研究所 | 一种有机声学材料的制备方法和制备得到的材料 |
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2013
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2014
- 2014-06-04 EP EP14733262.1A patent/EP3003663A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
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