EP3002506B1 - Éclairage ayant une quantite de lumiere directe et indirecte - Google Patents

Éclairage ayant une quantite de lumiere directe et indirecte Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3002506B1
EP3002506B1 EP15185172.2A EP15185172A EP3002506B1 EP 3002506 B1 EP3002506 B1 EP 3002506B1 EP 15185172 A EP15185172 A EP 15185172A EP 3002506 B1 EP3002506 B1 EP 3002506B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
luminaire
optical elements
light sources
semiconductor light
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15185172.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3002506A1 (fr
Inventor
Tobias Schmidt
Alexander Faller
Stephan Lukanow
Christian Kopf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siteco GmbH
Original Assignee
Osram GmbH
Siteco Beleuchtungstechnik GmbH
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Publication of EP3002506A1 publication Critical patent/EP3002506A1/fr
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0008Reflectors for light sources providing for indirect lighting
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0025Combination of two or more reflectors for a single light source
    • F21V7/0033Combination of two or more reflectors for a single light source with successive reflections from one reflector to the next or following
    • F21V7/0041Combination of two or more reflectors for a single light source with successive reflections from one reflector to the next or following for avoiding direct view of the light source or to prevent dazzling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/005Reflectors for light sources with an elongated shape to cooperate with linear light sources
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/04Optical design
    • F21V7/05Optical design plane
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2103/00Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes
    • F21Y2103/10Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes comprising a linear array of point-like light-generating elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a luminaire which emits a direct and an indirect light component.
  • lamps for combined direct and indirect lighting From the prior art is known to form lamps for combined direct and indirect lighting.
  • various light sources are provided on a luminaire housing which provide either direct lighting or indirect lighting.
  • the light sources are often visible in such lights.
  • constructions which provide an integrated light source for direct or indirect illumination.
  • the ratio of the intensity between the direct and indirect components is difficult to set in such luminaires.
  • the US 2014/218964 A1 discloses a lighting module having a chamber and laterally arranged light sources.
  • the chamber is closed on the top and bottom with partially reflective plates and possibly with other optical disks. Reflectors are arranged on the side and in the middle of the chamber. Comparable lights are also from the DE 10 2012 006 887 A1 and from the DE 10 2010 037 630 A1 known.
  • US Pat. No. 8,038,315 B1 discloses a luminaire housing with a printed bottom plate.
  • the housing further has lighting means, the light of which is deflected via deflecting elements also in the direction of the side opposite the bottom plate.
  • reflectors can be provided in this area, which redirect 80% or 100% of the light downwards.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a luminaire which has a direct and an indirect light component, wherein the position of the light sources can not be seen when looking at the luminaire and wherein the luminance of the direct component is greatly reduced compared to the luminance of the light sources.
  • a hollow chamber which emits light downwards through a light exit surface and also emits an indirect light component upward through an at least partially transparent rear side.
  • the optical elements which allow the light of the semiconductor light sources to be directed in the direction of the at least partially reflecting rear side in order to be able to set the proportion of the light which is available for the direct illumination and for the indirect illumination.
  • LEDs or OLEDs light emitting devices or organic light emitting devices
  • the local arrangement of the light sources and the structuring eg individual light points in LEDs
  • the optical elements comprise one or more reflectors, which in particular have high-gloss and / or matt-reflecting surfaces.
  • High-gloss reflective surfaces offer high efficiency. Since the light is deflected at the preferably diffusely reflecting back of the hollow chamber in the direction of the light exit surface, no glare is to be feared even with highly reflective optical elements. When using matt reflective optical elements, however, the light distribution can be evened out even more. In this embodiment, it is also possible to form a region of the reflective back of a high-gloss material.
  • matt reflective optical elements are advantageous for embodiments in which part of the light emitted by the optical elements leaves the luminaire directly through the light exit surface as a direct component.
  • the light can be deflected in the direction of the partially reflecting rear side over the entire length of the light sources.
  • the reflectors may further be provided that the reflectors have a concave curvature, in particular in the form of a cylindrical portion with a longitudinal extent parallel to the linear semiconductor light source. Due to the curvature, the light of the light sources, which is directed onto the reflective area of the rear side, can be distributed uniformly over the rear side.
  • the optical elements can also have a transparent medium for directing the light.
  • the optical elements may comprise optical fibers or lens bodies.
  • the optical elements are movable relative to the semiconductor light sources, whereby it is possible to adjust the proportion of the light deflected at the optical elements in the direction towards the rear side.
  • the optical elements may be movable in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the semiconductor light sources.
  • a displacement of the optical elements more or less light can thereby be deflected onto a reflective region of the rear side, which is provided between the optical elements.
  • the rear side is designed to be diffusely reflective in a region between two of the optical elements.
  • the entire area between two of the optical elements may be diffusely reflected.
  • the light of the semiconductor light sources is directed by the optical elements to the region between the optical elements, which preferably serves exclusively for the reflection of light to the light exit surface.
  • the partial regions between the optical elements and the edges of the luminaire are designed as light-permeable partial regions of the rear side.
  • a transparent cover is arranged in the light exit surface.
  • the transparent cover may be formed as a simple transparent plate.
  • the cover can provide protection for the hollow chamber in particular against pollution in this embodiment.
  • refractive structures may also be provided on the inside or outside.
  • the refractive structures may have prismatic, conical, parabolic, hemispherical, and / or hexagonal shapes.
  • Such structures are suitable for better distributing the light which passes through the cover. In particular, this makes it possible to deliver the direct light component with a narrower light distribution, as a result of which the glare suppression of the luminaire is improved.
  • a shield can be achieved in which the luminance drops above a critical angle.
  • a Batwing distribution is possible.
  • the use of round or hexagonal structures also allows a good homogeneity of the light distribution over all C-planes (vertical sectional plane of the luminaire through the center of gravity).
  • the cover can be clearly transparent or diffusely transparent.
  • a diffuse cover allows the light to be scattered to such an extent that it is also possible to comply with limit values with regard to direct glare with direct view of the luminaire, even with powerful light sources.
  • the semiconductor light sources can in particular generate white light. It is also provided in accordance with preferred embodiments to provide white light sources in the range between warm white and cold white. Preferably, the light of the cold white semiconductor light sources is used for the indirect illumination, while the light of the warm white semiconductor light sources is preferably used via the optical elements for reflection on the back to generate the direct component. It is also possible to use colors other than just whites for the semiconductor light sources. For example, blue shades, in particular for the production of Indirektanteils be used. According to a development of this embodiment, the semiconductor light sources of different colors are separately switchable or dimmable. For example, this can mix warm white and cool white shades to produce different shades of white. Additionally or alternatively, the optical elements can also be moved, whereby likewise the proportion of the light of colored semiconductor light elements for the direct component and the indirect component can be mixed differently.
  • the semiconductor light sources are arranged in a plurality of parallel rows, wherein the parallel rows are arranged in particular parallel to the longitudinal extent of the optical elements.
  • the light can be supplied to a linear semiconductor light source via the optical element uniformly over the length of the lamp to the direct component and the indirect component.
  • refractive structures are also provided on the partially translucent rear side of the hollow chamber.
  • symmetrically or asymmetrically shaped linear prisms on the inside or outside of the Rear be provided to influence the light distribution of the indirect component.
  • An asymmetrical light distribution for the indirect component is preferred, for example, in applications in which the luminaire is to be mounted in the vicinity of a wall or a ceiling.
  • a symmetrical distribution of the indirect component is an advantage, in order to achieve a uniform illumination of the ceiling.
  • the optical elements are arranged with respect to the light sources such that the light, which is deflected by the optical elements, does not exit the luminaire directly through the light exit surface.
  • the luminaire is set up so that no light from the LEDs leaves the luminaire directly through the light exit surface. This ensures that all the light leaving the luminaire as a direct component has been reflected at least once in the luminaire before it exits the light exit surface. This achieves the effect that the direct illumination is formed only by stray light.
  • the light for the indirect component can leave the luminaire directly from the LEDs through the translucent areas of the back.
  • the luminaire comprises a hollow chamber 1, in which laterally linear semiconductor light sources 2 are arranged.
  • the linear semiconductor light sources 2 are formed by two rows of LEDs whose longitudinal extent is perpendicular to the image plane of the FIGS. 1 and 3 runs and which are each arranged in the region of the outer longitudinal edges of the hollow chamber adjacent to a light exit surface.
  • the light exit surface extends on the underside of the hollow chamber 1 and is closed with a transparent cover.
  • the cover may be a simple translucent plate, for example of PMMA, PU or glass in this embodiment.
  • a middle portion 4A is formed light-reflecting, wherein on the side facing the hollow chamber inside a matt reflective surface is provided.
  • transparent partial areas 4B are provided in the rear side 4.
  • optical elements 5 are provided in the form of high-gloss reflectors with a cylindrical curvature.
  • FIG. 3 shows examples of light paths in the luminaire.
  • the light path I extends from the light source 2 directly to the diffusely reflecting part of the back 4 and is diffusely reflected there towards the light exit surface 3.
  • a large part of the light reflected on the rear side 4A leaves the luminaire through the cover of the light exit surface 3.
  • Another part of the reflected light is reflected on the cover in the light exit surface 3. This light is again reflected by the reflective portion 4A of the back 4 (not shown in the figures) and deflected again in the direction of the light exit surface 3.
  • a second light path II extends from the semiconductor light source 2 to the optical element 5 and is reflected there by the cylindrically curved, highly reflective reflection surface in the direction of the diffusely reflecting portion 4A of the back 4. From there, the further course is similar to the light path I.
  • a light path III extends from the semiconductor light source 2 to the transparent portion 4B of the back 4 and exits there from the lamp.
  • the transparent portion 4B is provided with a diffusing screen, so that the transmitted light is diffused diffusely.
  • a fourth light path IV extends from the light source 2 to a side wall of the hollow chamber 1 and is reflected there to the transparent part 4B of the back 4 and leaves the lamp through the portion 4B similar to the light path III.
  • the optical elements 5 are arranged above the semiconductor light sources 2 in the illustrated embodiment. In general, they ensure that the light of the semiconductor light sources 2 is largely distributed over the entire width of the reflective area 4A of the rear side, in order to be reflected therefrom in the direction of the light exit surface 3.
  • the optical elements 5 may also be movable, in which embodiment the optical elements 5 are displaceable perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the semiconductor light sources 2.
  • the shift changes the ratio between light which leaves the luminaire through the light exit surface 3 for direct illumination and through the transparent partial regions 4B of the back 4 for indirect illumination.
  • matte reflective areas parallel to the back 4, which are moved with the optical elements 5 it is further ensured that the area 4A of the back 4 between the optical elements 5 is continuously light-reflecting, regardless of the position of the optical elements. 5
  • the semiconductor light sources 2 may be arranged below the optical elements 5 in the form of one or more rows of LEDs or OLEDs.
  • the FIG. 5 shows an example in which two rows of light sources are arranged parallel to each other below the optical element 5.
  • the semiconductor light sources in the respective outer row produce a colder white hue and the semiconductor light source in the respective inner row produce a warmer white hue.
  • the light of the warm white LEDs is directed predominantly via the optical element 5 in the central region of the back, from where it is discharged through the light exit surface and possibly the cover as direct light, whereas the light of the cold white LEDs predominantly the back 4th the light through the translucent portion 4B, which is formed in one embodiment as an opening in the back 4, leaves as an indirect component.
  • the indirect component may have a different hue than the direct component.
  • the optical element in which the optical element can be moved perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the semiconductor light source rows, even the intensity and hue of the light components for direct lighting and indirect lighting can be adjusted because more or less light of the semiconductor light sources arranged in parallel in each case the lamp as a direct component or as Indirektanteil leaves.
  • the semiconductor light sources 2 are predetermined on boards, which are arranged in particular next to the light exit surface 3 in the hollow light chamber 1, as in the FIGS. 1 and 3 to 5 shown.
  • the boards are mounted horizontally on the side or on the cover of the light exit surface 3, so that they are not visible from below.
  • FIG. 6 shows a comparative example of a lamp in which the light sources 2 are not arranged horizontally in the luminaire, but are arranged on the vertical side surfaces of the hollow chamber 1.
  • the optical elements 5 'in this luminaire are planar reflector surfaces, which are designed to be reflective on the side in the direction of the semiconductor light sources.
  • the beam path is in FIG. 6 shown.
  • a part of the light of the semiconductor light sources 2 is reflected at the optical elements 5 'and directed toward the central area 4A of the rear surface, which diffuses the light diffusely.
  • a part of the radiation also passes directly from the semiconductor light sources 2 to this subarea 4A. Another part of the light (in the FIG.
  • the optical elements 5 can be movable.
  • the optical elements can be rotatable so that the angle of inclination relative to the main emission direction of the semiconductor light sources 2 is adjustable. This also makes it possible to set the proportion of light which leaves the luminaire as a direct component or as an indirect component.
  • the light exit surface 3 is closed by a cover.
  • the cover may be formed of clear transparent plastic, wherein on the inside or on the outside refractive structures are provided. Preference is given to refractive structures in the form of conical structures (not shown in the figures).
  • the conical structures reduce the luminance in the direction that is decisive for reflected glare, for example on a screen surface.
  • the conical structures reduce the luminance at higher angles (eg from 65 ° or 69 °) compared to the surface normal of the light exit surface.
  • An advantage of this embodiment is that the light exit surface illuminates relatively evenly apart from the edge regions. The reason is to be seen in that the arrangement of the semiconductor light sources 2 and the optical elements of the diffuse reflecting region 4A of the back 4 is illuminated relatively uniformly. Through the cover, in particular by a cover with light-scattering structures, the light is distributed evenly. This creates the visual impression of a uniformly illuminated light exit surface, which is often perceived as aesthetically pleasing.
  • the optical elements 5, 5 ' has been described in the preceding embodiments as reflectors with or without curvature.
  • the reflectors can be designed highly reflective, in order to achieve a high efficiency for the light control.
  • the reflectors may also be made matt. This is particularly advantageous if light from optical elements also leaves the luminaire directly through the light exit surface 3.
  • the optical elements may also be in the form of light-guiding bodies or lens bodies which direct the light by refraction of light in a manner similar to the previously described reflective optical elements.
  • the optical elements of refractive material may be movably disposed in the hollow chamber to adjust the ratio between the direct and indirect components.
  • the rear side 4 is partially diffusely reflective in the region 4A and partially transparent in the region 4B.
  • the back 4 may be formed of a material that reflects a portion of the light and passes another portion of the light, e.g. in the form of a diffuser.
  • the entire back of the lamp may be formed of a single material.
  • the region 4A in the center of the luminaire is preferably made to be matt-reflective with respect to the light exit surface, and at least one other region 4B of the rear side is predominantly transparent.
  • the area 4B may also be formed as an opening to form the translucent portion.
  • the translucent subregion is formed as a transparent or translucent subregion, that is to say of a light-permeable material.
  • the backside has a clear element on which a pattern of diffusely reflecting white paint is applied, e.g. by screen printing to form the areas 4A and 4B.
  • a pattern of diffusely reflecting white paint is applied, e.g. by screen printing to form the areas 4A and 4B.
  • the back 4 is provided with optically structured elements.
  • a transparent plate with downwardly facing prism elements 6 is arranged on the back, as in the enlarged detail of FIG. 7 is shown.
  • the prism elements 6 are asymmetrically shaped in this embodiment, whereby the light, which is the lamp for the indirect component leaves, has an asymmetric light distribution.
  • the light distribution is exemplary in FIG. 8B shown.
  • the downward-pointing area (angle of -90 ° over 0 ° to 90 °) is symmetrical, while the light distribution for the indirect portion (angle range of 90 ° over 180 ° to -90 °) is asymmetrically distorted.
  • the Figure 8A shows a light distribution of a corresponding lamp with a back 4, which has no or only symmetrically arranged refractive structures. In this embodiment, the light component of the indirect lighting is symmetrical.
  • the lines with circular and square symbols represent the light distributions measured in two different C-planes 0 ° -180 ° and 90 ° -270 ° of the luminaire.
  • the light exit surface 3 of the lamp can be closed with a cover.
  • defoaming structures are also preferred for the cover.
  • conical, prismatic or parabolic, hemispherical or hexagonal shapes may be provided on the inside or on the outside of the cover for the light exit surface 3.
  • the cover may also be formed by a clear plane-parallel disc or the light exit surface may be open.
  • LEDs or OLEDs can be used.
  • a combination of red, green and blue LEDs is also possible to mix light of a desired light color. Due to the different dimming of the described LEDs, the color temperature in the case of white light or the color of the light in the case of colored light sources can be changed. For example, the in FIG. 5 shown parallel rows of LEDs are switched differently or dimmed to change the proportion of direct and indirect light and the light color.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Luminaire qui comprend ce qui suit :
    une chambre creuse (1) avec une surface de sortie de lumière (3) et un côté arrière (4) opposé à la surface de sortie de lumière,
    des sources de lumière semi-conductrices (2) disposées de manière linéaire, qui sont montées sur des côtés opposés latéralement à proximité de la surface de sortie de lumière et
    des éléments optiques (5) qui dévient une partie de la lumière des sources de lumière semi-conductrices (2) en direction du côté arrière (4),
    le côté arrière (4) est partiellement transparent et partiellement réfléchissant, plus particulièrement réfléchissant de manière diffuse, de façon à ce que la lumière qui arrive dessus soit réfléchie partiellement en direction de la surface de sortie de lumière afin de produit un éclairage direct, et traverse partiellement le côté arrière afin de produire un éclairage indirect,
    le côté arrière (4) comprenant une zone (4A) entre deux des éléments optiques (5) qui est réfléchissante de manière diffuse et
    le côté arrière comprenant une ou plusieurs zones partielles (4B) transparentes, plus particulièrement transparentes ou translucides, caractérisé en ce que
    l'une ou plusieurs zones partielles transparentes sont disposées chacune entre un des deux éléments optiques (5) et un bord externe du luminaire, aucune lumière des LED ne sortant hors du luminaire sans une réflexion précédente directement par la surface de sortie de lumière.
  2. Luminaire selon la revendication 1, les éléments optiques (5, 5') comprenant un ou plusieurs réflecteurs, qui présentent plus particulièrement des surfaces hautement brillantes et/ou réfléchissantes mates.
  3. Luminaire selon la revendication 2, le ou les réflecteurs présentant une extension longitudinale qui s'étend parallèlement aux sources de lumière semi-conductrices (2) disposées de manière linéaire et/ou le ou les réflecteurs sont incurvés de manière concave en direction d'une des sources de lumière semi-conductrices (2), plus particulièrement présentent la forme d'une portion cylindrique.
  4. Luminaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, les éléments optiques (5, 5') comprenant un support transparent pour la déviation de la lumière.
  5. Luminaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, les éléments optiques (5, 5') étant mobiles par rapport aux sources de lumière semi-conductrices (2), plus particulièrement mobiles perpendiculairement à l'extension longitudinale des sources de lumière semi-conductrices (2) ou pouvant être mis en rotation autour d'un axe parallèle à l'extension longitudinale des sources de lumière semi-conductrices (2).
  6. Luminaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, l'ensemble de la zone (4A) entre les deux éléments optiques étant réfléchissante de manière diffuse.
  7. Luminaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, un couvercle au moins partiellement transparent, plus particulièrement une plaque transparente, est disposée dans la surface de sortie de lumière (3).
  8. Luminaire selon la revendication 7, le couvercle comprenant des structures réfringentes sur le côté interne et/ou externe,
    les structures réfringentes présentant plus particulièrement des formes prismatiques, cunéiformes, paraboliques, semi-sphériques et/ou hexagonales.
  9. Luminaire selon l'une des revendications 7 à 8, le couvercle étant transparent ou translucide.
  10. Luminaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, les sources de lumière semi-conductrices générant une lumière blanche, plus particulièrement blanche chaude et/ou blanche froide.
  11. Luminaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, les sources de lumière semi-conductrices (2) comprenant plusieurs sources de lumière semi-conductrices avec chacun une couleur de lumière différente, les sources de lumière semi-conductrices pouvant être commutées et/ou régulées de préférence séparément dans les différentes couleurs de lumière.
  12. Luminaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, aucune lumière déviée par les éléments optiques ne quittant le luminaire directement par la surface de sortie de lumière.
  13. Luminaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, les sources de lumière semi-conductrices (2) étant disposées sur plusieurs rangées, plus particulièrement parallèlement à une extension longitudinale des éléments optiques (5).
  14. Luminaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le côté arrière (4) comprenant des structures réfringentes, plus particulièrement des prismes linéaires (6) de formes symétriques ou asymétriques.
EP15185172.2A 2014-10-01 2015-09-15 Éclairage ayant une quantite de lumiere directe et indirecte Active EP3002506B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014114309.4A DE102014114309A1 (de) 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 Leuchte mit direktem und indirektem Lichtanteil

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EP3002506A1 EP3002506A1 (fr) 2016-04-06
EP3002506B1 true EP3002506B1 (fr) 2019-12-11

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