EP3002208B1 - Dispositif amelioré d'introduction d'air. - Google Patents

Dispositif amelioré d'introduction d'air. Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3002208B1
EP3002208B1 EP15185083.1A EP15185083A EP3002208B1 EP 3002208 B1 EP3002208 B1 EP 3002208B1 EP 15185083 A EP15185083 A EP 15185083A EP 3002208 B1 EP3002208 B1 EP 3002208B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
duct
aeraulic
machine
submarine
fan
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15185083.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3002208A1 (fr
Inventor
Daniele Maria Bertin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Calzoni SRL
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Calzoni SRL
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/36—Adaptations of ventilation, e.g. schnorkels, cooling, heating, or air-conditioning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/38—Arrangement of visual or electronic watch equipment, e.g. of periscopes, of radar
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/89—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a device for introducing air.
  • the invention applies generally to the naval (or nautical) sector and, more specifically, to the production of military submarines, where these devices are universally known as snorkels.
  • Submarines are equipped with snorkels since it is necessary to provide them with an atmospheric air exchange intake in order to reduce the rate of CO2 present inside them.
  • a duct is generally used, known as snorkel, which is extended by the submarine towards the surface of the sea in order to collect the air from above the surface.
  • a relative upper end of the snorkel is equipped with a servo-contolled valve which is closed if it necessary to prevent the entry of water. This may occur when the sea level increases due to wave motion.
  • the introduction of the air from the outside towards the inside of the submarine occurs by the negative pressure created by the internal combustion engine (in its suction stage) and generally speaking by the apparatuses inside the submarine.
  • the sizing of the ducts depends on the requirements, in terms of flow rate and pressure, of the submarine and typically must minimise the pressure head losses compared with the atmospheric pressure.
  • snorkel ducts are commonly made with large diameters.
  • a first drawback in the use of large snorkels is its visibility at sea level by observers of enemy forces.
  • the visibility relates basically to the emerged part of the snorkel which may be observed visually by visible spectrum and infrared video cameras and also by radar.
  • this solution is applied in the air introduction system of the submarine by inserting one or more air ventilation or compression stages and thus increasing the suction capacity of the snorkel, which can consequently have a smaller cross section.
  • Document FR 2768393 A1 is considered as the closest prior art and discloses a device for introducing an air flow into a submarine, comprising a duct, for emerging from the water with its upper end, said duct being in fluid connection with air sucking means and being at least partly housed in a tower of the submarine, the device also comprises an aeraulic machine operating along the duct to compensate for pressure losses in the air flow passing through the duct.
  • the aim of this invention is to provide a device for introducing an air flow inside a submarine which is free of the above-mentioned drawbacks and is, at the same time, structurally simple and practical and effective to use.
  • a further aim of this invention is to provide a method for controlling the air flow introduced inside a submarine through a snorkel which is practical and inexpensive to implement.
  • the reference numeral 1 denotes a submarine navigating at periscope depth, moving forward in the direction indicated by the arrow D.
  • the submarine 1 is equipped with a device 2 for introducing an air flow F.
  • the device 2 is therefore designed to introduce an air flow F inside the submarine 1 and comprises a first duct 3 fixed relative to the hull of the submarine 1 and a second duct 4 which is telescopically movable relative to the first duct 3 along a direction X substantially perpendicular to the direction of travel of the submarine 1.
  • the second movable duct 4 is designed to emerge from the water with a relative upper end 4a and allow suction of the air above, during the above-mentioned navigation of the submarine 1 at periscope depth.
  • the submarine 1 comprises a tower 5 and the first fixed duct 3 and the second movable duct 4 are housed inside the tower 5.
  • first and second ducts 3, 4 are also known as snorkels and are labelled with reference numeral 6.
  • the tower 5 also houses an actuator, schematically illustrated in Figure 1 with a rod 7, for lifting the second movable duct 4 relative to the first fixed duct 3.
  • the first fixed duct 3 and the second movable duct 4 are put in fluid connection with air suction means present in the submarine, of substantially known type and not illustrated in the accompanying drawings or described in further detail.
  • the second movable conduit 4 has a transversal cross section A1.
  • the cross section A1 substantially represents the working section of the second duct passed through by the air flow F.
  • the device 2 comprises a fan 8 operating on the above-mentioned snorkel 6 and acting on an air flow F entering from the outside towards the inside of the submarine 1 through the snorkel 6.
  • the fan 8 is of the axial type.
  • the fan is of the helico-centrifugal type.
  • the fan 8 is advantageously positioned at the first fixed duct 3 basically since the fixed duct 3 normally has a transversal cross section which is greater than A1 of the movable duct 4 which slides telescopically inside it and this greater cross section is without doubt useful for the purposes of housing the fan 8 without excessively feeling the effects, for reasons of aerodynamic efficiency, of the central nose-piece which these fans 8 normally have.
  • the fan 8 is advantageously positioned at the first fixed duct 3, due also to the fact that in this way no movement of the fan 8 is required.
  • the fan 8 is positioned at the second movable duct 4, with the drawback, however, of having to move the fan together with the movable duct 4, with a consequent increase in size and costs resulting from the complication of the apparatus.
  • the fan 8 is operatively separate from the above-mentioned and not illustrated air suction means present in the submarine 1 and, in terms of fluid connection, positioned in series relative to them.
  • control of the fan 8 is independent of the user system positioned downstream.
  • control of the fan 8 is advantageously rendered automatic by setting up a suitable control law depending on the operation of the snorkel 6.
  • the introduction device 2 also comprises a sensor 9 indicating operating parameters of the air flow F flowing through the snorkel 6.
  • the senor 9 is a pressure sensor and is positioned close to a lower end 4b of the movable duct 4.
  • the device 2 comprises a command and control unit 10 which is connected to the sensor 9 and to the fan 8.
  • the device 2 Downstream of the fan 8, in the direction of the air flow F introduced through the snorkel 6, the device 2 comprises a water sealing valve 11, designed to prevent the entry of water inside the submarine 1 with the air flow F.
  • the management (or control) of the fan 8 is automatic, linked to measurements of pressure (or flow rate), in such as way as to reproduce the operation with a larger intake duct and, therefore, with lower pressure losses.
  • the fan 8 is controlled in terms of number of revolutions, in such a way that a user system located downstream (suction means and air treatment not illustrated) perceives a flow F of air introduced, equivalent to that coming from a larger snorkel, that is to say, with the flow rate/pressure link of the latter.
  • the command and control unit 10 operates the fan 8 as a function of the pressure values measured by the sensor 6.
  • ⁇ P C H B Q ⁇ f N f , Q
  • f is the characteristic pressure/flow rate of a fan which depends on the parameter Nf, number of revolutions.
  • Figure 2 illustrates two columns: the one on the right represents the duct A (with the arrow indicating the pressure drop from the point with the lowest pressure, the suction negative pressure to that of greater pressure, the atmospheric pressure), whilst the column on the left represents the set "C" of the duct B and of the fan (with the relative arrows indicating the reaching of the same pressure jump of A, obtained, however, by combining the effects of the duct B and of the fan).
  • Nf g ⁇ P m
  • G is a constant which depends on the characteristics of the system.
  • air suction means there is, therefore, always the presence of an introduction of air by the system supplying the submarine, referred to as air suction means.
  • the fan 8 is positioned at the lower end 4b of the second movable duct 4.
  • a centrifugal type fan 8 is used, which basically forms a curve in the fixed duct 3.
  • the centrifugal fan 8 is located at a lower portion of fixed duct and constitutes, in practice, a terminal end 3a.
  • the device 2 comprises a fan with blades which can be adapted to reduce the head loss created by the fan in the event of a fault.
  • the axial fan is in effect equipped with blades which are arranged in a radial position during operation by the effect of the centrifugal rotation force. With the fan switched off, possibly following a fault, the blades are positioned along the axis. In this way, the loss of pressure, with the fan not active, is minimised and ensures a sufficient flow for low flow rate uses or guarantees an operation of the diesel engine in the event of a fault of the fan.
  • the forced suction is achieved through a duct 40 parallel to the movable duct 4 and then introduced into the fixed duct 3 through a diffuser nozzle 41 having a circular crown cross section.
  • the circular ring (or annular) nozzle 41 is conveniently positioned at the zone of connection between the fixed duct 3 and the movable duct 4, where a sudden change of cross section occurs.
  • the parallel duct 40 is advantageously made with reduced diameter, so as not to increase the size of the part of the snorkel 6 moved and the change in air pressure must be greater.
  • the introduction of air occurs through the circular ring nozzle 41 outside the movable duct 4, by guiding the flow leaving the fan 8.
  • the fan 8 and fan are made conveniently in the stretch for inserting the movable duct 4 in the fixed duct 3.
  • the high speed air introduced by the annular nozzle 41 is guided from the downstream surface which expands and joins with the fixed duct 3 with a larger cross-section.
  • the air adheres to the surface due to the "Coanda” effect and expands.
  • the Coanda effect is basically the tendency of a flow to follow the boundary of a nearby surface.
  • the high speed on the perimeter drags by viscosity the air which is in the central part of the duct 3 and which adds to the flow rate of the air in the duct at high speed.
  • the free duct remains available in the case of low flow rates or a fault of the fan/compressor 8.
  • the fan 8 is controlled in terms of number of revolutions.
  • the control unit 10 acts on the fan by modifying different characteristic parameters.
  • a parameter which can be modified is the inclination of the blades in those fans where this function is provided.
  • the axial fan, the centrifugal fan and the compressor described above are as a whole identifiable as a somehowlic machines.
  • This invention achieves the preset aims and brings important advantages.
  • it is, in effect, possible to reduce the dimensions of the snorkel, also concentrating the modifications in the snorkel itself, to annul undesired impacts on the existing air treatment system of the submarine.
  • the movable cross section of the duct may be particularly reduced. In this way, the minimum dimension is obtained on the part of the snorkel outside the vessel, which ensures all the effects of improvement of the visual signature and minimisation of the resistance of the water.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Dispositif d'introduction d'un écoulement d'air (F) dans un sous-marin (1), comprenant un premier conduit (3) étant fixé à la coque du sous-marin et un second conduit (4) étant mobile de façon télescopique par rapport au premier conduit (3) pour émerger de l'eau avec son extrémité supérieure (4a) et permettre à l'air situé au-dessus d'être aspiré pendant que le sous-marin (1) navigue en plongée périscopique, lesdits premier et second conduits (3, 4) étant en raccordement fluidique avec des moyens d'aspiration d'air et étant au moins partiellement logés dans une tour (5) du sous-marin, une machine aéraulique (8) opérant le long d'un desdits premier ou second conduit (3, 4), ladite machine aéraulique (8) étant conçue pour au moins partiellement compenser les pertes de pression dans l'écoulement d'air (F) passant à travers au moins ledit second conduit (3), au moins un capteur (9) indiquant des paramètres fonctionnels dudit écoulement d'air (F), ledit capteur (9) étant positionné le long soit du premier soit du second conduit (3, 4), et des moyens de commande (10) servant à commander les paramètres fonctionnels de ladite machine aéraulique (8), lesdits moyens de commande (10) pouvant fonctionner selon un signal détecté par ledit capteur (9).
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite machine aéraulique (8) est fonctionnellement séparée desdits moyens d'aspiration et positionnée en série par rapport à ceux-ci.
  3. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite machine aéraulique est un ventilateur axial.
  4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite machine aéraulique est un ventilateur hélico-centrifuge.
  5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite machine aéraulique est un compresseur.
  6. Procédé de gestion de l'écoulement d'air (F) introduit dans un sous-marin (1) à travers un périscope (6) dont l'extrémité supérieure (4a) émerge de l'eau, comprenant les étapes de :
    - préparer une machine aéraulique (8) agissant sur ledit périscope (6),
    - détecter le long dudit périscope (6) au moins ou les valeurs de débit ou de pression dudit écoulement (F),
    - régler au moins un paramètre fonctionnel de ladite machine aéraulique (8) selon ladite valeur détectée.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'étape consistant à régler au moins un paramètre est réalisée en réglant la vitesse (Nf) de rotation de la machine aéraulique (8) en fonction de ladite valeur détectée selon une loi prédéterminée.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 6 ou 7, dans lequel ledit second conduit mobile comporte une section transversale de travail (A1) prédéterminée, caractérisé en ce que ladite étape consistant à préparer une machine aéraulique (8) comprend l'étape consistant à sélectionner une machine aéraulique (8) pouvant modifier les paramètres fonctionnels dudit écoulement d'air (F) de sorte à le faire correspondre, pour ce qui est du débit, à l'écoulement qui, en l'absence de ladite machine aéraulique (8), passerait à travers au moins ledit conduit mobile (4) si le conduit mobile devait avoir une section transversale de travail supérieure à ladite section transversale de travail (A1) prédéterminée.
  9. Utilisation d'un dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 4, doté dudit conduit mobile (4) comportant une section transversale de travail (A1) prédéterminée, pour modifier les paramètres fonctionnels dudit écoulement d'air (F) de sorte à le faire correspondre, pour ce qui est du débit, à l'écoulement qui, en l'absence de ladite machine aéraulique (8), passerait à travers au moins ledit conduit mobile (4) si le conduit mobile devait avoir une section transversale supérieure à ladite section transversale de travail (A1) prédéterminée.
EP15185083.1A 2014-10-03 2015-09-14 Dispositif amelioré d'introduction d'air. Active EP3002208B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITBO20140543 2014-10-03

Publications (2)

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EP3002208A1 EP3002208A1 (fr) 2016-04-06
EP3002208B1 true EP3002208B1 (fr) 2018-12-05

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EP15185083.1A Active EP3002208B1 (fr) 2014-10-03 2015-09-14 Dispositif amelioré d'introduction d'air.

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US (1) US20160096603A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3002208B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR102408925B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2015227468B2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI127731B (fi) * 2016-09-07 2019-01-15 Macgregor Finland Oy Menetelmä ja laitteisto lämpötilan ja ilmavirtauksen säätämiseksi konttilaivan kannella
EP3538430B1 (fr) * 2016-11-10 2022-01-12 Cappelletti, Sergio Système de ventilation
FR3099130B1 (fr) * 2019-07-23 2022-02-25 Naval Group Piece d'equipement notamment pour un engin sous-marin et engin sous-marin comportant une telle piece
CN112591068A (zh) * 2020-11-26 2021-04-02 海洋石油工程股份有限公司 一种用于fpso的空气置换装置及安装使用方法

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2768393B1 (fr) * 1997-09-16 1999-10-15 Daniel Louis Chaplain Amelioration de la discretion de la marche au schnorchel des sous-marins conventionnels
DE10308366B3 (de) * 2003-02-27 2004-11-04 Gabler Maschinenbau Gmbh Schnorchelvorrichtung für ein U-Boot
KR20070011773A (ko) * 2005-07-21 2007-01-25 주식회사 대우일렉트로닉스 풍량 조절이 가능한 후드형 에어컨
ITMI20061759A1 (it) 2006-09-15 2008-03-16 Calzoni Srl Gruppo propulsore comprendente due eliche coassiali,contro-rotanti con velocita' di rotazione differenziata
GB2452593A (en) 2007-09-04 2009-03-11 Dyson Technology Ltd A fan
JP4973424B2 (ja) * 2007-10-03 2012-07-11 日本電産株式会社 送風装置
AU2013100080A4 (en) 2012-01-25 2013-02-28 Pmb Defence Engineering Pty Ltd Submarine air handling system
EP3001831A4 (fr) * 2013-04-23 2016-10-05 Enverid Systems Inc Épurateur de co2 à sorbant régénérable pour bâtiments sous-marins

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR102408925B1 (ko) 2022-06-16
KR20160040430A (ko) 2016-04-14
EP3002208A1 (fr) 2016-04-06
AU2015227468A1 (en) 2016-04-21
US20160096603A1 (en) 2016-04-07
AU2015227468B2 (en) 2018-11-22

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