EP3000963B1 - Minenstützanordnung zur Verankerung in einem Bohrloch in Form eines verbesserten Felsankers - Google Patents

Minenstützanordnung zur Verankerung in einem Bohrloch in Form eines verbesserten Felsankers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3000963B1
EP3000963B1 EP14186350.6A EP14186350A EP3000963B1 EP 3000963 B1 EP3000963 B1 EP 3000963B1 EP 14186350 A EP14186350 A EP 14186350A EP 3000963 B1 EP3000963 B1 EP 3000963B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rock
rock bolt
bore hole
bolt
anchoring system
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EP14186350.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3000963A1 (de
Inventor
Mustafa Yazici
Umit Colak
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cayeli Bakir Isletmeleri AS
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Cayeli Bakir Isletmeleri AS
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Priority to EP14186350.6A priority Critical patent/EP3000963B1/de
Publication of EP3000963A1 publication Critical patent/EP3000963A1/de
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/008—Anchoring or tensioning means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0086—Bearing plates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/02—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection having means for indicating tension

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mine support assembly for anchoring in a bore hole in the form of an improved rock bolt.
  • a rock bolt is typically inserted into a drilled bore hole and tightened up against a bearing plate in a rock surface so as to serve to the purpose of securing wall surfaces of tunnels in shafts or inclines of a mining area.
  • Such elements are typically used as stabilizing supporting elements fastened inside a rock by mechanical means having contact relationship with the rock.
  • a rock bolt is expected to maintain a load when the wall surfaces and the rock with the rock bolt fastened inside deforms.
  • the rock bolts are usually anchored into the rock by a mechanical anchor or additionally or alternatively by being bonded to the rock with a resinous/cementitious material being injected.
  • rock bolts A typical problem in relation with rock bolts originate from the fact that underground tunnel walls may dynamically displace and converge in response to altering ground conditions and such change can break rock bolts. Therefore, in order for holding a fractured rock formation in place, rock bolts having certain physical characteristics are necessary.
  • a prior art publication in the technical field of the present invention may be referred to as US4678374 among others, the document disclosing an elongated rod with an expansion shell assembly positioned on the upper end portion thereof is advanced behind a resin cartridge system into a bore hole drilled in a rock formation.
  • a bearing plate and a stop nut are positioned on the end of the rod emerging from the bore hole.
  • Unitary rotation of the nut and rod in a preselected direction while maintaining the shell assembly in an unexpanded condition effects mixing of the resin components.
  • Continued rotation of the nut and rod after the resin components are mixed effects expansion of the shell into engagement with the wall of the bore hole to anchor the rod in the bore hole.
  • the rotation applied to the nut after setting of the shell permits the nut to advance on the lower end of the rod to urge the bearing plate into compressive relation with the rock formation to put the rod under tension without interrupting rotation to allow the mixed resin to cure.
  • WO0000718 discloses a tie rod used for construction purposes, especially to a tie rod constructed as a rock anchor constructed as an adhesive anchor.
  • the tie rod comprises an anchor bar which is made of a polymer composite, which has a serrated thread on the end thereof situated on the side of the head, and which is provided for receiving a screw-down nut.
  • the screw-down nut can be supported against a pressure plate and is screwed onto the thread of the anchor bar.
  • GB1318344 discloses a device for indicating strata separation in a mine roof comprises an anchoring device at the inner end of a bore in the roof and an indicating rod depending from the device and terminating below the roof level, the exposed length of rod being a measure of strata separation between device and the mine roof.
  • CH341185 discloses a rock anchoring device with a plurality of sector-shaped jaws in cross-section having spreading head, for driving apart the same serving cone nut which can be pulled by means of a threaded rod in the expansion head.
  • WO2014049529 discloses a stressing device, a nose cone for a stressing device, a locking device for a stressing assembly, a locking assembly for a stressing assembly, a stressing assembly and to a method of installing a stressing device in civil engineering and mining.
  • An aspect of the device provides for reading installation parameters provided on a component of the stressing assembly, when installing the stressing assembly and using these parameters to install the stressing assembly.
  • the present invention provides a rock anchoring system that is mechanically improved to maintain a load when the rock formations into which the rock bolt is drilled deforms such that an improved stabilizing effect can be obtained.
  • This is achieved by means of a special design involving no expansion mechanism whereby engagement of the rock bolt with the wall of the bore hole to anchor the bolt in therein is not effectuated by an expansion mechanism.
  • the rock bolt of the invention engages with the surrounding bore hole walls in efficient manner thanks to a plurality of pre-conditioned retaining means.
  • the present invention is devised under the recognition that an observation means for monitoring tensions in the rock bed based on the surface formation of the rock wall surface remains a need.
  • the present invention provides a rock anchoring system as defined by the characterizing features given in Claim 1 and subsequent Claims.
  • Primary object of the present invention is hence to provide a mechanically improved rock anchoring system serving for reinforcing a rock face in underground mining areas.
  • the present invention relates to a rock anchoring system (1) serving for reinforcing a rock face (3) with at least one rock bolt (2).
  • a plurality of anchor bolts or rock bolts (2) may be drilled into rock formations in an underground mining area for stabilizing rock excavations.
  • a rock bolt (2) is secured into a region defined by the confined inner part of the rock mass in the form of an axial bore hole (4).
  • the rock bolt (2) has a longitudinally extending linear shank body (5) with a bore hole end (6) and a rock face end (7), said bore hole end (6) being fixed furthest within the rock formation.
  • the rock bolt (2) is manufactured from mild steel or a metal alloy with the shaft being in tubular form and having ribs to provide a better engagement relationship between the ribbed shaft wall (12) and a cementitious material being conventionally injected in the axial bore hole (4).
  • the rock bolt (2) comprises a planar bearing plate (8) bearing against the rock face (3) with a circular outline being placed flush with the opening of the axial bore hole (4).
  • the bearing plate (8) has a lateral surface (9) along the circular periphery thereof, configured to be inclined with regard to the axial direction of the rock bolt (2) so as to form a right circular truncated cone where the smaller circular surface of the truncated cone bears against the rock face (3) and the larger circular surface of the truncated cone is closer to the rock face end (7) of the rock bolt (2).
  • This arrangement produces the effect that tensions in the rock based on the progression of surface formations of the rock wall surface are dynamically observable. In other words, it is easier to monitor changes on the rock face (3) by analyzing the lateral surface (9) of the bearing plate (8) and determine on which parts the inwardly extending peripheral groove around the annular lateral surface (9) is filled by rock face (3) formations. This provides critical information for workmen on site.
  • a plurality of pre-conditioned retaining means (13) are provided so as to ensure better anchoring of the rock bolt (2) in the axial bore hole (4).
  • This is achieved by means of the outward-biased structure of said retaining means (13), which are designed as elongate strips of metal plate welded onto the shank body (5) of the rock bolt (2) with a predetermined orientation so that they tend to preserve the plane on which they are attached to the shank body (5) in the axial bore hole (4).
  • the inner walls of the axial bore hole (4) apply a closing force to the outward-biased retaining means (13) they apply a counter force to effectuate thorough anchoring of the rock bolt (2).
  • the arrow-shaped structure of the rock bolt (2) obtained by the welded metal plate strips have proven to bring about a more secure hold of the shank body (5).
  • a fastening means (11) is connectable with the rock bolt (2) at the rock face end (7) of the rock bolt (2).
  • the rock bolt (2) has a threaded portion (15) with which the fastening means (11) can be threaded into firm engagement with a mating threaded part, therefore matingly screwing into said threaded portion (15) in the form of screw threaded male and female parts.
  • the rock bolt (2) is fitted to the axial bore hole (4) while a spherical washer (10) abuts the bearing plate (8).
  • a spherical washer (10) is not threaded onto the rock bolt (2) but welded at a welded region (16), it features a less vulnerable part in terms of mechanical durability.
  • the welding process is carried out using MG-211 gas welding rods.
  • the rock bolt (2) has an inclined bore hole end-surface (14) conventionally suitable for providing a puncturing effect, for instance for puncturing a cementitious material pack.
  • the present invention proposes a rock anchoring system (1) to reinforce a rock face (3) with a rock bolt (2) drilled into rock formations to stabilize said rock formations, said rock bolt (2) being securable into a region defined by an axial bore hole (4) and having a longitudinally extending linear shank body (5) with a bore hole end (6) and a rock face end (7), said bore hole end (6) being fixable furthest within the rock formation, said rock bolt (2) further comprising a planar surface bearing plate (8) bearing against the rock face (3) with a circular outline being placed flush with the opening of the axial bore hole (4).
  • said bearing plate (8) comprises a lateral surface (9) along the circular periphery thereof, configured to be inclined with regard to the axial direction of the rock bolt (2) so as to form a right circular truncated cone.
  • This arrangement advantageously produces an annular groove between the lateral surface (9) and the rock face (3) such that it is possible to observe in which portions of the annular line the rock face (3) move and crash into each other to fill the groove.
  • a first circular surface of the truncated cone bears against the rock face (3) and a second circular surface of the truncated cone is closer to the rock face end (7) of the rock bolt (2), said first circular surface being smaller than said second larger circular surface. Therefore formation of the annular groove between the lateral surface (9) and the rock face (3) is ensured.
  • a spherical washer (10) abuts a bearing plate dome (17) adjacent to said large circular surface of the truncated cone. This ensures a more durable and sturdy structure by which the bearing plate dome (17) and the truncated cone are fixedly secured against the rock face (3).
  • said spherical washer (10) is welded to the rock bolt (2) at a welded region (16) to be in abutment with said bearing plate dome (17) adjacent to or proximate said large circular surface of the truncated cone.
  • said rock bolt (2) comprises a threaded portion (15) spaced apart from said welded region (16).
  • the fact that the threaded portion (15) is spaced apart from the welded region (16) improves mechanical durability as no threaded parts are employed for effecting connection of the spherical washer (10).
  • a fastening means (11) is connectable with the rock bolt (2) to be matingly threaded into firm engagement with the threaded portion (15).
  • angle of the lateral surface (9) between said small and large circular surfaces of the truncated cone is about 30 degrees. It is established that the amount of inclination as determined is critical to provide both a satisfactory observation effect and a large enough groove to adjacent to rock formations.
  • said rock bolt (2) is made from mild steel or a metal alloy.
  • said rock bolt (2) has a tubular-form shaft with a ribbed shaft wall (12) to have an engagement relationship between ribs and a resinous and/or cementitious material being injectable in the axial bore hole (4).
  • the rock bolt (2) comprises a plurality of retaining means (13), each welded onto the shank body (5) with an outward-biased structure, whereby anchoring of the rock bolt (2) in the axial bore hole (4) is provided.
  • the retaining means (13) are configured as elongate strips of metal plate welded onto the shank body (5) at one transverse edge thereof with a predetermined orientation with respect to the longitudinal axis of the rock bolt (2).
  • the rock bolt (2) comprises at least a pair of annularly equally-spaced retaining means (13) forming an arrow-shaped rock bolt (2) structure, each retaining means (13) with the same predetermined orientation.
  • the annularly equally-spaced structure and the resulting specific arrow shape improve balance and retention effect of the rock bolt (2) in the axial bore hole (4).
  • the rock bolt (2) comprises a plurality of retainer means (13) pairs being spaced apart longitudinally along the axial direction of the rock bolt (2). This improves retention effect even further.
  • separate pairs of retainer means (13) being longitudinally spaced apart have different predetermined orientations.
  • This feature advantageously provides that a rock bolt (2) with specific engagement characteristics peculiar to the structural nature of the axial bore hole (4) can be manufactured. In other words, the rock bolt (2) will better fit in to the axial bore hole's (4) longitudinally changing inner diameter.
  • said rock bolt (2) has an inclined bore hole end-surface (14).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Felsenverankerungssystem (1) zur Verstärkung einer Felswand (3) mit einem Felsanker (2) gebohrt in Felsformationen zum abstützen dieser Felsformationen, dieser Felsanker (2) ist in einen, durch ein axiales Bohrloch (4) definierten Bereich einsetzbar und hat einen längserstreckenden linearen Schaftkörper (5) mit einem Bohrlochende (6) und einem Felswandende (7), dieses Bohrlochende (6) ist am Weitesten innerhalb der Felsformation fixierbar, dieser Felsanker (2) umfasst ferner eine ebenflächige Stützplatte (8), die mit einem kreisförmigen Kontur gegen die Felswand (3) stützt wobei;
    die Stützplatte (8) umfasst entlang ihres kreisförmigen Umfanges eine seitliche Fläche (9), die eingestellt ist bezüglich der axialen Richtung des Felsankers (2) geneigt zu werden, sodass ein gerader Kreiskegelstumpf gebildet wird,
    eine erste kreisförmige Fläche des Kegelstumpfes stützt gegen die Felswand (3) und eine zweite kreisförmige Fläche des Kegelstumpfes ist dem Felswandende (7) des Felsankers (2) näher angeordnet, die erste kreisförmige Fläche ist kleiner als die zweite größere kreisförmige Fläche dadurch gekennzeichnet dass,
    eine kugelförmige Dichtung (10) neben der größeren kreisförmigen Fläche des Kegelstumpfes an eine Rundung (17) der Stützplatte anliegt,
    diese kugelförmige Dichtung (10) an einem geschweißten Bereich (16) dem Felsanker (2) aufgeschweißt ist, um der Rundung (17) der Stützplatte neben der größeren kreisförmigen Fläche des Kegelstumpfes anzuliegen,
    dieser Felsanker (2) beabstandet zum geschweißten Bereich (16) ein gezahntes Teil (15) umfasst und,
    ein Befestigungsmittel (11) mit dem Felsanker (2) ankoppelbar ist, um mit dem gezahnten Teil (15) gegenseitig zum festen Eingriff zu kommen.
  2. Felsenverankerungssystem (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass der Winkel der seitlichen Fläche (9) dazwischen der kleinen und der größeren kreisförmigen Flächen des Kegelstumpfes ungefähr 30 Grad beträgt.
  3. Felsenverankerungssystem (1) nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass der Felsanker (2) aus Weichstahl oder Metalllegierung hergestellt ist.
  4. Felsenverankerungssystem (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass der Felsanker (2), um zwischen den Rippen und dem in das axiale Bohrloch (4) einspritzbare harzartige/ zementartige material eine Eingriffsbindung zu haben, einen röhrenförmigen Schaft mit gerippter Schaftwand (12) aufweist.
  5. Felsenverankerungssystem (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass der Felsanker (2) mehrere Haltemittel (13) umfasst, wovon jedes mit einer nach Außen erhabene Struktur auf den Schaftkörper (5) aufgeschweißt ist, wodurch die Verankerung des Felsankers (2) in das axiale Bohrloch (4) gewährleistet ist.
  6. Felsenverankerungssystem (1) nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass die Haltemittel (13) als längliche Metallplattenstreifen ausgebildet sind, die mit einer vorgegebenen Orientierung bezüglich der Längsachse des Felsankers (2) an einer deren Querkanten auf den Schaftkörper (5) aufgeschweißt sind.
  7. Felsenverankerungssystem (1) nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass der Felsanker (2) mindestens ein paar von umfänglich gleich beabstandeten, eine Pfeilförmige Felsanker (2) Struktur bildenden Haltemittel (13) umfasst, wo jeder Haltemittel (13) die gleiche vorgegebene Orientierung hat.
  8. Felsenverankerungssystem (1) nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass der Felsanker (2) mehrere Paare von Haltemitteln (13) aufweist, die entlang der axialen Richtung des Felsankers (2) in Längsrichtung beabstandet sind.
  9. Felsenverankerungssystem (1) nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass die in Längsrichtung beabstandete einzelne Paare von Haltemitteln (13) unterschiedliche vorgegebene Orientierungen haben.
  10. Felsenverankerungssystem (1) nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass der Felsanker (2) eine geneigte Bohrloch Endfläche (14) hat.
EP14186350.6A 2014-09-25 2014-09-25 Minenstützanordnung zur Verankerung in einem Bohrloch in Form eines verbesserten Felsankers Active EP3000963B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14186350.6A EP3000963B1 (de) 2014-09-25 2014-09-25 Minenstützanordnung zur Verankerung in einem Bohrloch in Form eines verbesserten Felsankers

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14186350.6A EP3000963B1 (de) 2014-09-25 2014-09-25 Minenstützanordnung zur Verankerung in einem Bohrloch in Form eines verbesserten Felsankers

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3000963A1 EP3000963A1 (de) 2016-03-30
EP3000963B1 true EP3000963B1 (de) 2019-06-26

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Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106968696B (zh) * 2017-04-21 2019-02-19 中国矿业大学 一种在不同压力下变色的锚杆垫圈及其使用方法
CN110273419A (zh) * 2019-08-05 2019-09-24 山东建勘集团有限公司 一种岩体锚杆及施工方法
CN112554925A (zh) * 2020-12-04 2021-03-26 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 一种张拉注浆锚杆
CN112554921A (zh) * 2020-12-04 2021-03-26 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 一种中空张拉锚杆围岩加固方法

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH341185A (de) * 1956-05-09 1959-09-30 Ughini Julius Felsverankerungsvorrichtung
GB1318344A (en) * 1969-07-19 1973-05-31 Cobb Slater Instr Co Ltd Strata control indicator
CA964942A (en) * 1972-07-26 1975-03-25 Western Canada Steel Limited Stress-indicating rock bolt bearing assembly
US4678374A (en) 1985-12-13 1987-07-07 Jennmar Corporation Roof bolt with expansion shell and threaded nut
DE19828371A1 (de) * 1998-06-26 1999-12-30 Sika Ag, Vormals Kaspar Winkler & Co Zuganker insbesondere zur Sicherung von Felswänden sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Zugankers
US20130185920A1 (en) * 2010-08-25 2013-07-25 Amir Peled Anchor device and method of use
WO2014049529A2 (en) * 2012-09-28 2014-04-03 Wekaba Engineering (Proprietary) Limited Installation of stressing assemblies

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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