EP2999868B1 - Vorrichtung zur bestimmung des absoluten drucks in einem wärmekraftmaschinenzylinder - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur bestimmung des absoluten drucks in einem wärmekraftmaschinenzylinder Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2999868B1
EP2999868B1 EP14731707.7A EP14731707A EP2999868B1 EP 2999868 B1 EP2999868 B1 EP 2999868B1 EP 14731707 A EP14731707 A EP 14731707A EP 2999868 B1 EP2999868 B1 EP 2999868B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor
combustion chamber
pressure
absolute pressure
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP14731707.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2999868A1 (de
Inventor
Nicolas QUECHON
Philippe Obernesser
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Renault SAS
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Renault SAS
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Publication date
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
    • F02D35/023—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining the cylinder pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0672—Omega-piston bowl, i.e. the combustion space having a central projection pointing towards the cylinder head and the surrounding wall being inclined towards the cylinder center axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/08—Safety, indicating, or supervising devices
    • F02B77/085—Safety, indicating, or supervising devices with sensors measuring combustion processes, e.g. knocking, pressure, ionization, combustion flame
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2400/00—Control systems adapted for specific engine types; Special features of engine control systems not otherwise provided for; Power supply, connectors or cabling for engine control systems
    • F02D2400/08—Redundant elements, e.g. two sensors for measuring the same parameter

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for determining the absolute pressure in a thermal engine cylinder and to the associated determination method.
  • a heat engine, or internal combustion engine comprises at least one combustion chamber whose volume is variable depending on the position of a piston sliding inside thereof, during a motor cycle.
  • the variation of the position of the piston causes a variation of the volume of the chamber, and therefore of the pressure prevailing inside it.
  • it is essential to know the evolution of the pressure in each chamber during an engine cycle, whether it is a two-stroke engine or a four-stroke engine, and whatever the nature of the fuel used.
  • pressure sensors adapted to high pressure levels of up to 250 bar in certain applications are installed in an engine cylinder head, and thus send back a signal allowing to know a relative pressure in the engine. combustion chamber.
  • Such sensors may for example be of the piezoelectric type.
  • a method usually used to determine this absolute pressure involves the use of an additional sensor, measuring the pressure gases in an intake duct or an exhaust duct of the engine.
  • the pressure level in this type of duct being much lower than that of the combustion chamber, it is then possible to use absolute pressure measuring sensors, such as, for example, piezoresistive sensors.
  • This method consists in choosing a particular instant, for which the pressure in the intake duct is equal to the pressure in the chamber, and then calculating the correction to be made to the overall measurement of the relative pressure in the combustion chamber, for obtain the absolute pressure in said chamber.
  • This method has the disadvantage of being approximate insofar as it does not take into account neither the pressure drops at the passage of the valve, nor the acoustic phenomena in the conduits, corresponding to variations in the instantaneous pressure.
  • An absolute pressure determination device makes it possible to determine the absolute pressure in a combustion chamber of a heat engine during a cycle of said engine, by overcoming the drawbacks of the state of the art.
  • the invention relates to a device for determining the absolute pressure in a cylinder of a heat engine having a cylinder head, said cylinder comprising a movable piston, able to define a combustion chamber of variable volume, said device comprising less a first sensor implanted in said cylinder head for measuring a relative pressure in said combustion chamber during a motor cycle.
  • the main characteristic of a device according to the invention is that it comprises at least a second pressure sensor, whose position in the cylinder allows a measurement of the absolute pressure in the combustion chamber only when the volume of said chamber tends to a maximum value, the pressure measurements obtained with each first sensor and with each second sensor being combined to determine the absolute pressure in the combustion chamber during a complete engine cycle.
  • the principle of the device according to the invention is to create an absolute pressure reference on a restricted pressure range thanks to the second sensor, then to reset on this reference the curve of variation of the relative pressure obtained with the first sensor over a whole engine cycle, to obtain the absolute pressure in the combustion chamber at each moment of a motor cycle.
  • the volume of the combustion chamber is variable during a motor cycle, by means of the sliding of the piston in the cylinder.
  • the second sensor is positioned in the cylinder so as to undergo at least one occultation phase by the piston and at least one phase where it is no longer obscured by the piston during a motor cycle.
  • the expression "tends towards a maximum value" means that the volume of the chamber is at least equal to 90% of its maximum volume.
  • a determination device comprises a single first sensor and a single second sensor per combustion chamber.
  • an engine generally comprises several cylinders, and the determination device according to the invention is reproduced for each combustion chamber thus defined.
  • the second sensor is implanted in a wall delimiting the combustion chamber, so that it can take measurements of the absolute pressure only after the withdrawal of the piston, when the volume of said chamber tends to a value Max.
  • the piston is slid into the cylinder between a first extreme position for which the volume of the combustion chamber is maximum, and a second extreme position for which said volume is minimum.
  • the location of the second sensor in the cylinder is chosen so that it is hidden by the piston, when it moves between the second end position and a position close to the first end position.
  • the second sensor is placed near the position of the piston at the bottom dead center.
  • said second piston can acquire absolute pressure measurements in the combustion chamber, only when the piston is in a position corresponding to the bottom dead center.
  • the volume of said chamber is maximum.
  • each first sensor is a piezoelectric sensor.
  • each second sensor is a piezoresistive sensor.
  • the subject of the invention is a method for determining the absolute pressure in a cylinder of a heat engine on a complete engine cycle, from a device according to the invention.
  • the measurement of the absolute pressure in the combustion chamber by means of the second sensor when the volume of said chamber tends to a maximum value serves as a reference point to match the measurement of the relative pressure by the first one. sensor for the same volume of said chamber.
  • the curve of the variation of the relative pressure over a whole engine cycle is thus shifted, the resulting curve being perfectly representative of the variation of the absolute pressure in the combustion chamber during an entire engine cycle.
  • a device for determining the absolute pressure in a combustion chamber of a heat engine has the advantage of being simple to implement while remaining small in size. It also has the advantage of offering reliable and accurate measurements by means of sensors that have been extensively tested and conveniently positioned in an engine cylinder. It finally has the advantage of being able to be arranged in any type of heat engine, having at least one cylinder, and whatever the size and geometry of said cylinder.
  • a heat engine for example a motor vehicle engine, comprises at least one cylinder 2 delimited by a hollow cylindrical wall 3 and in which is able to slide a piston 4 connected to a crankshaft by means of a connecting rod 5.
  • sliding piston 4 and the wall 3 of cylinder 2 delimit a combustion chamber 6, whose volume is variable depending on the position of said piston 4 in the cylinder 2.
  • the piston 4 can move between a first position extreme corresponding to the bottom dead center (PMB) and for which the volume of the chamber 6 is maximum, and a second extreme position corresponding to the top dead center (TDC) and for which the volume of said chamber 6 is minimal.
  • PMB bottom dead center
  • TDC top dead center
  • a device making it possible to determine the absolute pressure in a combustion chamber 6 of a heat engine during an entire engine cycle, comprises at least a first piezoelectric type sensor capable of carrying out measurements of pressure beyond 250bars and at least one second sensor 7 piezoresistive type.
  • Each first sensor (not shown in the figure) is located in a cylinder head of the engine 1 and makes it possible to measure the relative pressure in the combustion chamber 6 during an entire engine cycle.
  • the figure 2 illustrates an example of the variation of the relative pressure, measured by the first sensor in a combustion chamber 6 during a motor cycle, as a function of the position of the piston 4 in the cylinder 2, translated into crankshaft angle. It can be seen in this example that the maximum pressure in the chamber 6 can reach up to about 160bars.
  • the second sensor 7 is implanted in the cylinder 2 near the position of the piston 4 corresponding to the PMB, that is to say the position of the piston 4 for which the volume of the combustion chamber 6 tends towards a maximum value and therefore for which the pressure inside said chamber 6 tends to a minimum value.
  • the piston 4 when the piston 4 is in a position corresponding to the PMB, it allows the second sensor 7 to make absolute pressure measurements in the combustion chamber 6, and, as soon as it moves from this position to to reach a position corresponding to the PMH, it occults virtually instantaneously said second sensor 7 by preventing it from making absolute pressure measurements in said chamber 6.
  • the second sensor 7 can only perform measurements when the pressure in the chamber 6 is low and therefore not likely to damage said sensor 7, since the piston 4 is interposed by protecting it.
  • the figure 3 illustrates an example of the variation of the absolute pressure, measured by the second sensor 7 in a combustion chamber 6 when the position of the piston 4 in the cylinder 2 varies around its extreme position corresponding to the PMB.
  • the pressure levels reached in the chamber 6 around this extreme position are lower and only rise to a few bars.
  • the principle of such a method consists in assigning an absolute character to the measurements of the relative pressure obtained in the combustion chamber 6 with the first sensor on a complete motor cycle, by setting the curve representative of these measurements on the some reference points obtained in terms of absolute pressure with the second sensor 7.
  • the value of the absolute pressure measured in the combustion chamber 6 by the second sensor 7 is less than the relative pressure measured with the first sensor in said chamber 6 when the same phase of the engine cycle, since the relative pressure does not include the pressure drop or the acoustic phenomena.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen des Absolutdrucks in einem Zylinder (2) einer Brennkraftmaschine (1), die mit einem Zylinderkopf versehen ist, wobei der Zylinder (2) einen beweglichen Kolben (4) enthält, der eine Verbrennungskammer (6) mit veränderlichem Volumen begrenzen kann, wobei die Vorrichtung wenigstens einen ersten Sensor umfasst, der in den Zylinderkopf eingebaut ist, um einen relativen Druck in der Verbrennungskammer (6) während eines Kraftmaschinenzyklus zu messen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie wenigstens einen zweiten Drucksensor (7) umfasst, dessen Position in dem Zylinder (2) eine Messung des Absolutdrucks in der Verbrennungskammer (6) ausschließlich dann ermöglicht, wenn das Volumen in der Kammer (6) gegen einen Maximalwert strebt, und dass die Messungen des Drucks, die mit jedem ersten Sensor und mit jedem zweiten Sensor (7) erhalten werden, kombiniert werden, um den Absolutdruck in der Verbrennungskammer (6) während eines vollständigen Kraftmaschinenzyklus zu bestimmen.
  2. Bestimmungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen einzigen ersten Sensor und einen einzigen zweiten Sensor (6) pro Verbrennungskammer (6) umfasst.
  3. Bestimmungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Sensor (7) in eine Wand (3) eingebaut ist, die die Verbrennungskammer (6) begrenzt, derart, dass er Messungen des Absolutdrucks nur nach dem Zurückziehen des Kolbens (4), wenn das Volumen der Kammer (6) gegen einen Maximalwert strebt, vornehmen kann.
  4. Bestimmungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Sensor (4) in der Nähe der Position des Kolbens (4) am unteren Totpunkt angeordnet ist.
  5. Bestimmungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder erste Sensor ein piezoelektrischer Sensor ist.
  6. Bestimmungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder zweite Sensor (4) ein piezoresistiver Sensor ist.
  7. Verfahren zum Bestimmen des Absolutdrucks in einem Zylinder (2) einer Brennkraftmaschine (1) während eines vollständigen Kraftmaschinenzyklus mittels einer Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - einen Schritt des Messens des relativen Drucks in der Verbrennungskammer (6) während eines vollständigen Kraftmaschinenzyklus;
    - einen Schritt des Messens des Absolutdrucks in der Verbrennungskammer (6) während der Phasen des Kraftmaschinenzyklus, in denen das Volumen der Kammer (6) gegen einen Maximalwert strebt,
    - einen Schritt des Verschiebens der Kurve, die die Messungen des relativen Drucks in der Verbrennungskammer (6) während eines Kraftmaschinenzyklus darstellt, derart, dass die Werte des relativen Drucks, die von dem ersten Sensor gemessen werden, mit den Werten des Absolutdrucks, die mit dem zweiten Sensor (7) während der Phasen des Kraftmaschinenzyklus, in denen die beiden Typen von Messungen möglich sind, zur Übereinstimmung gelangen.
EP14731707.7A 2013-05-22 2014-05-22 Vorrichtung zur bestimmung des absoluten drucks in einem wärmekraftmaschinenzylinder Not-in-force EP2999868B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1354586A FR3005998B1 (fr) 2013-05-22 2013-05-22 Dispositif de determination de la pression absolue dans un cylindre de moteur thermique
PCT/FR2014/051205 WO2014188133A1 (fr) 2013-05-22 2014-05-22 Dispositif de determination de la pression absolue dans un cylindre de moteur thermique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2999868A1 EP2999868A1 (de) 2016-03-30
EP2999868B1 true EP2999868B1 (de) 2017-04-05

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EP14731707.7A Not-in-force EP2999868B1 (de) 2013-05-22 2014-05-22 Vorrichtung zur bestimmung des absoluten drucks in einem wärmekraftmaschinenzylinder

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Country Link
EP (1) EP2999868B1 (de)
FR (1) FR3005998B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2014188133A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6047836A (ja) * 1983-08-25 1985-03-15 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関の空燃比制御方法
JP2009092028A (ja) * 2007-10-11 2009-04-30 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2999868A1 (de) 2016-03-30
WO2014188133A1 (fr) 2014-11-27
FR3005998A1 (fr) 2014-11-28
FR3005998B1 (fr) 2015-05-15

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