EP2999852B1 - Rotary machine - Google Patents

Rotary machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2999852B1
EP2999852B1 EP14701819.6A EP14701819A EP2999852B1 EP 2999852 B1 EP2999852 B1 EP 2999852B1 EP 14701819 A EP14701819 A EP 14701819A EP 2999852 B1 EP2999852 B1 EP 2999852B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
shell
duct
rotary machine
shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14701819.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2999852A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Martin Broatch
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority claimed from GB1321080.2A external-priority patent/GB2512420A/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to PL14701819T priority Critical patent/PL2999852T3/pl
Publication of EP2999852A1 publication Critical patent/EP2999852A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2999852B1 publication Critical patent/EP2999852B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C1/00—Rotary-piston machines or engines
    • F01C1/08—Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F01C1/10—Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
    • F01C1/104—Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member one member having simultaneously a rotational movement about its own axis and an orbital movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C1/00—Rotary-piston machines or engines
    • F01C1/08—Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F01C1/10—Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
    • F01C1/103—Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member the two members rotating simultaneously around their respective axes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00—Components
    • F04C2240/60—Shafts
    • F04C2240/603—Shafts with internal channels for fluid distribution, e.g. hollow shaft

Definitions

  • Wankel engine In the field of rotary engines, the design which has had most development and use is the well-known Wankel engine. However this suffers from a number of problems, one of which is wear issues with the internal rotor seals, and another is that it is not a true rotary machine, in that there are still eccentrically moving parts which generally requires there to be two counterbalanced rotors, or use made of rotating counterweights. Furthermore, the location of the tip seals on the inner rotor means that these cannot be replaced without stripping the entire engine down.
  • the control of the fluid to and from the working chambers is by means of the rotor rotating about this shaft, meaning that this machine requires seals both to create the working chambers (the spaces between the inner and outer rotors) and seals to control the flow of fluid to/from the working chambers.
  • the ports and ducts in the inner rotor are bidirectional which can slow the fluid progress, and they are also permanently connected to the working chambers thus increasing the effective chamber volume and reducing the possible compression ration of the machine.
  • DE2916858 , FR1124310 and DE3209807 are all similar with regards to the transfer of fluid to the working chambers.
  • Cooley proposed an engine ( US 724994 ) very similar to the invention here, using two axially spinning rotors.
  • the inlet and outlet routes were via sliding seals between the shell and the casing which would make this design problematic and prone to leakage.
  • This invention concerns a rotary machine designed to be used as an engine or a compressor. More specifically, it concerns a machine where the sliding sealing points are located in the outer casing or shell, and the surface which the sealing points slide against forms part of the central rotor, causing the fluid to be transferred via one or more ports on the inner rotor.
  • the control of the fluid to and from the working chambers located between the rotor and the shell is by means of these sealing points moving across the ports, and at least one of these ports is connected to a duct in the rotor and rotor shaft which duct is made continuous and unitary with the port and is extended to the outside of the machine.
  • the duct is unidirectional, meaning that the duct is always either transferring fluid into the working chambers, or out of the working chambers, depending on the direction of rotation of the machine.
  • a principal advantage of this arrangement is that the fluid can be transferred between the port and the outside of the machine via a simple duct in the rotor and shaft without the complication of additional control measures, seals or additional moving parts.
  • This enables both the rotor and shell to spin axially so making a true rotary machine.
  • the simple rotary nature of the rotor shaft, and the duct it encompasses, around a stationary axis means that sealing to a further duct or pipe is easy to achieve with a concentric rotary seal, and in addition it is easy to insulate the duct against heat transfer into engine components.
  • Another advantage is that the sealing points can be accessed from outside the machine enabling easy replacement and opening up the possibility of using cheaper or faster wearing materials.
  • the rotor preferably has an outer surface substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor, and the shell preferably has an inner surface substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the shell
  • the outer surface of the inner rotor is preferably substantially in the form of an epitrochoid with one or more lobes, however other suitable shapes may be used for the outer surface of the rotor, providing of course that in use the sealing points of the shell maintain contact or very close proximity to the surface of the rotor.
  • the inside surface of the shell is also substantially epitrochoidal in shape.
  • the rotor shaft may be attached to one side of the rotor, or it may extend right through the rotor from one side to the other. In another arrangement two shafts may be used, one on either side of the rotor.
  • the rotor and shell are preferably mounted in a frame, structure or casing to locate the axes of the shell and rotor accurately in relation to each other.
  • the rotor surface may typically have two lobes and the shell have three sealing points, but other arrangements are possible for instance a rotor with three lobes and a shell with four sealing points. Many other combinations are possible generally using a rotor with one less lobe than there are sealing points on the shell.
  • the rotor may comprise a second port, second duct, and second further duct wherein the second duct is preferably located in the opposite end of the shaft to the first duct so that in use fluid will enter the machine at one end of the rotor shaft and exit at the other.
  • the rotor may have a second fluid transfer port which connects to a void within the rotor, which further connects to the outside of the machine via a duct within the shell, such that in use the fluid will enter the machine through the shell shaft and exit through the rotor shaft, or fluid will enter through the rotor shaft and exit through the shell shaft.
  • the duct in the rotor shaft may connect to a stationary duct, pipe or manifold attached to the exterior of the machine via a rotary seal.
  • the duct and further duct forming the passageway may be made to be unitary, that is to be of one piece and not composed of separately moving parts.
  • the shell preferably includes an internal gear wheel, which meshes with an outer gear wheel attached to the rotor so as to keep these two parts moving in correct relationship with each other and therefore minimising internal wear of the sealing points and surfaces.
  • the sealing points may be comprised movable strips, which may conveniently be accessed from the outside of the shell, enabling their easy replacement.
  • a design using a two lobed rotor there are preferably provided one inlet port and one outlet port at suitable locations on the rotor to enable the machine to operate as a four stroke internal combustion engine, or alternatively a similar two lobed design may be used as a pump or compressor by providing two inlet ports and two outlet ports at suitable locations on the rotor.
  • spark plugs may be provided around the periphery of the shell.
  • means to add fuel to and regulate the air flow into the engine e.g. an injection system or carburettor which may conveniently be attached to the frame holding the rotor and shell, and the outlet fluid transfer port and ducts may be connected to an exhaust system.
  • the exhaust gases When in use as an engine the exhaust gases preferably exit the machine via the passageway in the rotor shaft.
  • the inside surface the passageway may be provided with thermal insulation to prevent the hot exhaust gases from heating the rotor and/or shaft excessively.
  • the unitary nature of the passageway facilitates the provision of this insulation.
  • FIG 1 shows the main moving components 19 of a four stroke internal combustion engine according to the invention, for ease of viewing shown without the structure which holds these components in place.
  • an inner rotor 1 rotates around an axis 2 within an outer shell 3 which rotates around an axis 4 offset from axis 2, the direction of rotation being by the arrows 2r and 3r.
  • the rotor in this embodiment has two lobes 40 and the shell has three sealing points 5.
  • the sealing points are comprised moveable sealing strips 6 with spring arrangements 7 and retaining plates 8. Both the shell 3 and the rotor 1 rotate in the same direction at different speeds in the ratio 2:3 respectively.
  • the rotor shaft 9 is cylindrical and encompasses a duct 10 in the centre.
  • the duct in the rotor shaft nearest the observer extends to a further duct 11 through the rotor terminating at a port 12 (inlet port) in the external surface of the rotor, this duct, further duct and port forming a passageway 17.
  • a duct in the shaft which is furthest from the observer extends to a duct 13 through the rotor and terminates at the port 14 (outlet port).
  • This second duct, second further duct and second port forms a second passageway 18.
  • Three working chambers A,B,C are formed by the interaction of the sealing points in the shell and the rotor surface.
  • the rotation of the rotor and the shell causes the working chambers to vary in size, which in conjunction with the position of the inlet and outlet ports causes gas to be drawn in, compressed, combusted and expanded and then expelled as in a standard four stroke engine.
  • the chamber A between the rotor and the shell is in the process of expelling gas through the outlet port 14, the direction of flow shown by the arrow, and chamber B is drawing in gas through the inlet port 12, again the gas flow is shown by the arrow.
  • Chamber C is at the fully compressed position for firing.
  • the outer shell may include one or more combustion cavities 15 to hold the bulk of the compressed gas. Spark plugs 16 ignite the compressed gases at the point of maximum compression.
  • Figure 2 shows the rotor and shell as in Figure 1 after the rotor has passed through 90 degrees of anticlockwise rotation, with a corresponding 60 degrees of rotation of the shell.
  • Chamber A has decreased in volume
  • B has reached maximum volume
  • C is just starting to expand.
  • Figure 3 shows a cross section in line with the axes of rotation of an engine 37 with the same relative position of rotor and shell as in Figure 2 , and including additional components not shown in Figure 2 .
  • a support structure 20 locates the rotor 21 and the shell 22 in position by means of bearings 23.
  • the rotor is equipped with side seals around its periphery 24 which seal against the inside of the shell 22 (the sealing points of the shell are not shown in this diagram).
  • a port in the rotor 28 is connected to the duct 27 in the rotor, which extends to the duct 26 in the shaft 25 and which is parallel to and concentric with the axis of rotation 43 of the shaft and the rotor.
  • the duct 26 extends to a point 41 where the shaft interacts with the support structure via a bearing 23, this arrangement of ducts comprising a passageway e-f for the transfer of fluid between the working chamber A and the point 41. It may be seen that the passageway is unitary, in that it is bounded by parts joined together, and not made of parts moving relative to each other.
  • the shaft 25 and a continuation of the duct 26 within it extend beyond the point 41 to where the shaft terminates at 42.
  • a rotary seal 35 seals the shaft to the support structure allowing the duct to further extend to a stationary duct 44 attached to the support structure.
  • the shaft with its integral duct is rotating on a stationary axis 43 in relation to, and is adjacent to, the support structure, which means that from point 41 onwards away from the rotor the transfer of gases to or from the engine may be easily arranged.
  • a second port 29 is connected to duct 30 in the rotor and duct 31 in the shaft 36, this arrangement comprising a second passageway for the transfer of fluid between chamber B and the point 45 where the shaft 36 interacts with the support structure, in this case through being in close proximity to it.
  • the shaft extends beyond point 45 and the duct is sealed against the support structure with the seal 34.
  • Thermal insulation 38 is fitted to the shaft 36 to protect it from the hot exhaust gases. Additional insulation 39 is fitted to the duct 30 in the rotor. It may be seen that as the ducts forming the passageway g-h are unitary and move together it makes the installation of this insulation around the passageway much easier to achieve.
  • a high voltage electrical current is supplied to an electrode 32 which is in close proximity to the spark plug 33 at the point when the engine is at the position of maximum compression, thus initiating combustion.
  • Figure 4 shows a variation of the sealing points of the embodiment in Figure 1 , in which the sealing points 60 are contiguous with the shell 61 and achieve the gas tight sealing by being maintained in very close proximity to the rotor 62.
  • Figure 5 shows a compressor which has two inlet ports 70 and two outlet ports 71. This uses the same principal of variable size chambers as the engine in Figure 1 , but omits the combustion / expansion cycle and instead performs two compression cycles for every 360 degree rotation of the rotor.
  • Figure 6 shows an engine 100 comprising a shell 101 with five sealing points 102, and a rotor 103 with four lobes 104.
  • this arrangement it is necessary to have two pairs of ports 110, 111. It may be seen that this arrangement creates a well-balanced rotor both mechanically and in terms of thermal expansion due to the symmetrical arrangement of the rotor.
  • FIG 7 shows a modification to the engine shown in Figure 3 .
  • the rotor shaft 80 is extended to the outside of the engine.
  • the exhaust gases are expelled through this shaft which includes insulation 82 to protect the engine components from the heat of the gases.
  • a silencer 81 is fitted to the shaft, and it can be seen that this rotates with the shaft.
  • FIG 8 shows a modification to the engine shown in Figure 3 .
  • the rotor 90 includes a port 91 that opens into a void 92.
  • a passageway for fluid extends from the port, through the void, and through a series of holes 93 into the shaft of the shell 94 which is concentric with the axis of rotation of the shell, to the point where the shell shaft interacts with the support structure 127.
  • the passageway further extends through a duct 95 in the support structure 96, and is sealed by means of seals 97 and 126.
  • a shaft 98 supporting the rotor may be made solid in this embodiment of the invention, or may contain a duct as in previous embodiments.
  • a second port 120 connects to a duct 121 in the rotor with thermal insulation 124, which further extends to a duct in a second rotor shaft 99 also with thermal insulation 125.
  • the benefits of this arrangement of the passageway m-n have been set out above.
  • the inlet passageway is not continuous and unitary and therefore requires more seals to function efficiently, and is in addition more difficult to insulate, however it has the benefit of being of larger cross section than m-n and therefore transfers gases more efficiently.
  • This passageway p-q is used here to admit cold inlet gases into the engine.
  • FIG 9 shows a modification to the engine shown in Figure 3 .
  • the engine 130 has a shell 131 which has a number of fins 132 formed in its external surface. These act as a fan when the shell rotates, drawing air through the vents 133 in the support structure, and blowing the air out through the vents 134. The passage of air across the shell cools the shell, helped by the increased surface area which the fins provide. It can be seen that this is a benefit of rotating the shell of the engine as it removes the need for an external cooling system. Also shown is a modification to the design whereby the air exiting through vents 134 is passed through the duct 135-136 and into the air intake passageway of the engine 137. One skilled in the art will appreciate that this will increase the pressure of the intake air and therefore give the engine a higher power output.
  • Figure 10 shows a view of the shell 131 of Figure 9 viewed along the axis of rotation, and shows the arrangement of curved radial fins 141. There may be provided additional fins formed in the support structure (not shown here) which may interact with the shell fins 141 to provide additional compression of the air.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
EP14701819.6A 2013-11-29 2014-01-07 Rotary machine Active EP2999852B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL14701819T PL2999852T3 (pl) 2013-11-29 2014-01-07 Maszyna obrotowa

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1321080.2A GB2512420A (en) 2012-11-30 2013-11-29 Rotary machine
PCT/GB2014/050035 WO2014083364A1 (en) 2012-11-30 2014-01-07 Rotary machine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2999852A1 EP2999852A1 (en) 2016-03-30
EP2999852B1 true EP2999852B1 (en) 2018-03-14

Family

ID=53178565

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14701819.6A Active EP2999852B1 (en) 2013-11-29 2014-01-07 Rotary machine

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2999852B1 (es)
JP (1) JP2016503136A (es)
CN (1) CN105164373B (es)
CA (1) CA2890480C (es)
ES (1) ES2673397T3 (es)
PL (1) PL2999852T3 (es)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104246129B (zh) * 2012-03-14 2018-08-17 卢门纽姆公司 Idar-ace反向移位非对称旋转式替代核心发动机
CN107120274B (zh) * 2017-06-28 2019-07-30 广西大学 旋叶式压缩机
CN111594311B (zh) * 2020-04-22 2021-05-11 北京航空航天大学 一种高密封性的类椭圆转子发动机
CN113340941B (zh) * 2021-08-04 2021-10-29 湖南大学 一种基于红外成像的设备检测系统
CN113818960B (zh) * 2021-10-12 2022-07-01 陕西新年动力科技集团有限公司 一种转子发动机

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB764719A (en) * 1953-08-13 1957-01-02 Otto Nuebling Improvements in or relating to rotary pumps or motors
FR1124310A (fr) * 1954-05-15 1956-10-09 Pompe à huile travaillant suivant le principe du refoulement
US3340853A (en) * 1965-04-01 1967-09-12 Edwin A Link Rotary piston engine
DE1551128A1 (de) * 1966-08-22 1970-02-12 Link Edwin A Drehkolbenanordnung
US3917437A (en) * 1974-03-18 1975-11-04 Edwin A Link Seal for a rotary piston device
JPH01232120A (ja) * 1988-03-11 1989-09-18 Hino Motors Ltd ロータリエンジン
TWI335380B (en) * 2003-08-27 2011-01-01 Kcr Technologies Pty Ltd Rotary mechanism
US11078834B2 (en) * 2010-10-27 2021-08-03 Jesus Vazquez Rotary valve continuous flow expansible chamber dynamic and positive displacement rotary devices

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2673397T3 (es) 2018-06-21
PL2999852T3 (pl) 2018-09-28
JP2016503136A (ja) 2016-02-01
EP2999852A1 (en) 2016-03-30
CN105164373B (zh) 2017-11-28
CN105164373A (zh) 2015-12-16
CA2890480A1 (en) 2014-06-05
CA2890480C (en) 2020-04-07

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