EP2997111A1 - Procédé et installation de gazéification au moins partielle d'un matériau d'alimentation organique solide - Google Patents

Procédé et installation de gazéification au moins partielle d'un matériau d'alimentation organique solide

Info

Publication number
EP2997111A1
EP2997111A1 EP14723708.5A EP14723708A EP2997111A1 EP 2997111 A1 EP2997111 A1 EP 2997111A1 EP 14723708 A EP14723708 A EP 14723708A EP 2997111 A1 EP2997111 A1 EP 2997111A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
temperature
carbonization
synthesis gas
low
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14723708.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerald GAUBE
Dirk BAUERSFELD
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Publication of EP2997111A1 publication Critical patent/EP2997111A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/36—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/02—Multi-step carbonising or coking processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/14—Features of low-temperature carbonising processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
    • C10K1/003—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants, e.g. acid gas removal
    • C10K1/005—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
    • C10K3/003—Reducing the tar content
    • C10K3/005—Reducing the tar content by partial oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/06—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by mixing with gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/14—Details of the flowsheet
    • C01B2203/148—Details of the flowsheet involving a recycle stream to the feed of the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a plant for the at least partial gasification of solid, organic feedstock, in particular of biomass, with a low-temperature gasifier and a high-temperature gasifier.
  • synthetic biofuel can be obtained in its
  • GTL gas-to-liquids
  • CTL coal-to-liquid
  • Methods and systems for the at least partial gasification of solid, organic feedstock are also, for example, EP 0 745 114 B1, DE 41 39 512 A1 and. DE 42 09 549 A1.
  • the present application relates in this case to such processes or plants which have a low-temperature gasifier and a high-temperature gasifier, as explained below. Compared to other methods, these allow, inter alia, a lower consumption of feed and have a higher cold gas efficiency.
  • the feedstock for example
  • Biomass by partial gasification with a gasification agent at temperatures between about 300 ° C and 600 ° C to coke (so-called in the case of biomass
  • Smoldering Registration referred to as "smoldering". Smoldering is known to be characterized by a stoichiometric oxygen supply and thus an incomplete
  • the carbonization gas is then transferred to a combustion chamber of the
  • High-temperature gasifier and transferred there with an oxygen-containing gas for example with more or less pure oxygen, but also with air and / or oxygen-containing exhaust gases, e.g. from gas turbines or internal combustion engines, partially oxidized.
  • an oxygen-containing gas for example with more or less pure oxygen, but also with air and / or oxygen-containing exhaust gases, e.g. from gas turbines or internal combustion engines, partially oxidized.
  • This oxidation released heat causes a temperature increase to 1200 ° C to 2000 ° C, for example 1400 ° C.
  • aromatics, tars and oxo compounds contained in the carbonization gas are completely decomposed.
  • This forms a synthesis gas which consists essentially only of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor.
  • the synthesis gas can also be referred to as (synthesis) raw gas at this point.
  • the synthesis gas thus produced is brought into contact with coke from the low-temperature gasifier, for example in a quench unit integrated in the high-temperature gasifier or in a quench unit connected downstream of it.
  • the coke may be previously treated separately (e.g., by grinding and sifting) and then introduced into the quench unit.
  • the latter is cooled to about 900 ° C. This causes partial conversion of the carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide.
  • the carbon monoxide-rich sysnthesegas produced in this way can then be further conditioned.
  • the conditioning includes, for example, another
  • the carbonization gas discharged from the low-temperature gasifier is tar-saturated or almost tarry-saturated. Therefore, when the temperature of the Smoldering gases for the condensation of tar and ultimately for blocking lines and containers. Corresponding systems are therefore maintenance-prone.
  • a method and a plant for the at least partial gasification of solid, organic feedstock, in particular of biomass with a low-temperature gasifier and a high-temperature gasifier with the
  • the invention is based on a known method for at least partial
  • the gas mixture derived from the synthesis gas may be, for example, a conditioned synthesis gas, for example a dedusted, cooled, compressed and / or freed of carbon dioxide
  • tar is understood to mean brownish to black, viscous mixtures of organic compounds which are formed by decomposition thermal treatment (pyrolysis) of organic natural products, such as the described smoldering.
  • decomposition thermal treatment pyrolysis
  • Low temperature carburetor and high temperature carburetor under reducing conditions The high-temperature gasifiers used in such plants have so-called start-up burners for commissioning. These can be operated reducing during commissioning.
  • the resulting synthesis gas is recycled via the recycle to Niedertemperaturvergaser and used to warm up the low-temperature carburetor until its ignition temperature is reached.
  • the inventively proposed measures also cause a much more stable operation of the burner used in this case, since the flow conditions remain constant under load changes.
  • the loading of the carbonization gas with the proportion of the synthesis gas and / or the gas mixture derived therefrom can either by feeding the proportion of the synthesis gas and / or the gas mixture derived therefrom in the
  • High temperature carburetor made. Both alternatives can be advantageous. For example, a partial flow in the low-temperature carburetor and another partial flow in a line between the low-temperature carburetor and the
  • High temperature carburetor can be fed.
  • inventive method in particular a
  • Teerpartial horrinum be reduced in the carbonization gas.
  • Gas mixture which is used to act on the carbonization, at least be adjusted based on a tar content and / or a temperature difference of the carbonization. For example, with less tarry carbonization gases, a smaller proportion of the synthesis gas and / or the gas mixture derived therefrom can be used. Also, smaller proportions of corresponding gas mixtures can be used if lower temperature differences are to be expected.
  • carbonization gases obtained are usually teergesnostitigt, so that an exposure to the proportion of the synthesis gas and / or the gas mixture derived therefrom is particularly advantageous.
  • the partial oxidation of the carbonization gas in the high-temperature gasifier by means of an oxygen-containing gas leads to a heating of the gas to about 1,400 ° C to 2,000 ° C.
  • the oxygen-containing gas may be more or less pure oxygen, air and / or oxygen-containing exhaust gases of known processes.
  • An increase in the cold gas efficiency is advantageously carried out by feeding coke, which is obtained in the low-temperature gasifier from the feedstock, whereby a cooling to 800 ° C to 1000 ° C takes place.
  • the synthesis gas is conditioned in each case to obtain a gas mixture derived from the synthesis gas, for example cooled, dedusted, compressed and / or freed of carbon dioxide, so that it is suitable for a subsequent synthesis, for example a Fischer-Tropsch process is.
  • a pressure gradient is set at least between the low-temperature gasifier and the high-temperature gasifier. This pressure gradient helps to avoid backflow, which is caused for example by process disturbances.
  • process disturbances In multi-part gasification processes such as
  • High-temperature carburetor or between other facilities a pressure gradient by means of suitable piping components and / or pipelines with high
  • the system also provided according to the invention is set up for carrying out a method as explained above. She assigns
  • Low temperature carburetor in which by smoldering a tar-containing carbonization gas can be obtained from a solid organic feedstock, and a
  • High-temperature gasifier in which the carbonization gas can be converted by partial oxidation and then partial reduction to a synthesis gas.
  • the system further comprises means which are adapted to apply the carbonization gas with a proportion of the synthesis gas and / or a gas mixture derived therefrom.
  • These may, for example, have line systems with one or more return lines and suitable control and / or regulating devices.
  • a corresponding system also has means which are adapted to at least between the low-temperature carburetor and the
  • FIG. 1 shows a plant which is suitable for carrying out a method according to the invention
  • Method is set up, in a schematic representation.
  • FIG. 2 shows a method according to the invention in the form of a flow chart.
  • the plant 10 comprises a low temperature carburetor 1 and a
  • a feedstock A for example
  • oxygen can be fed via a line 11.
  • the low temperature carburetor 1 is for fuming the solid organic
  • Feedstock A set up.
  • the low temperature carburetor 1 externally, for example, with waste heat of Hochtemperaturvergasers 2, to a suitable temperature, for example 300 ° C to 600 ° C, heated.
  • a suitable temperature for example 300 ° C to 600 ° C, heated.
  • Via a line 12 can be discharged from the low temperature carburetor 1, a carbonization B and transferred to the high temperature carburetor 2.
  • Hochtemperaturvergaser 2 is formed in two parts. It comprises an oxidation unit 21 and a quenching unit 22.
  • the carbonization gas B is partially oxidized with an oxygen-containing gas supplied, resulting in, as explained, temperatures of, for example, 1400 ° C to 2000 ° C.
  • a synthesis gas is obtained, which is designated C.
  • the synthesis gas C is transferred to the quench unit 22.
  • ground coke from the low-temperature carburetor 1 is introduced (not shown).
  • the resulting gas mixture D which is still referred to as (now carbon monoxide rich) synthesis gas is fed to a cooler 3 and cooled there, for example, to a temperature of 600 ° C.
  • the synthesis gas D can then be dedusted in a cyclone 4.
  • the dedusted synthesis gas E now referred to as "gas mixture derived from the synthesis gas" in the context of this application, now has a temperature of, for example, 500 ° C. and can be cooled to a further cooler 5 and 6. It can then be supplied, for example, to a carbon dioxide separation device 7.
  • Gas mixture are compacted for example in a compressor 8.
  • a partial flow of the compressed gas mixture can be diverted via a line 13.
  • the partial flow can also be used for cooling in the cooler 5.
  • This is temperature-controlled, as illustrated by a corresponding controller TC.
  • a correspondingly obtained gas stream can be combined with other gas streams and introduced via a line 4 in the low-temperature gasifier.
  • the carbonization gas B is subjected to the corresponding gas flow, whereby, as explained, a Teerpartial horr can be reduced.
  • the system 10 further includes a pressure regulator PC with not shown on whilrn. Although an injection into the low-temperature gasifier 1 is shown in FIG. 1, the feed can also be introduced, for example, into the line 12 between the
  • a method according to the invention in accordance with a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, is shown schematically in the form of a flow chart and designated as 100 overall.
  • a first method step 101 an organic feedstock A in a low-temperature gasifier, for example the low-temperature gasifier 1, is at least partially converted into a carbonization gas.
  • the carbonization gas B is then, as explained, oxidized in a method step 102 and then reduced and thereby converted into a synthesis gas D.
  • Another method step 103 is used for conditioning (conditioning) of
  • Synthesis gas D as explained above.
  • a treated gas mixture E is obtained, which can be dispensed in a further process step 04 at a plant boundary.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention may be provided in each case to separate a part of the synthesis gas D and / or a part of the gas mixture prepared therefrom E and thus either in the
  • Method step 101 i. in low temperature gasification and / or between low and high temperature gasification, i. between steps 101 and 102 to apply the respective carbonization B present. This is illustrated by the arrows 110, 120, 130 and 140, respectively.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé (100) de gazéification au moins partielle d'un matériau d'alimentation organique solide (A), dans lequel à partir du matériau d'alimentation (A) dans un gazéificateur à basse température (1) un gaz de carbonisation contenant du goudron (B) est obtenu et le gaz de combustion (B) est ensuite converti dans un gazéificateur à haute température (2) par oxydation partielle et ensuite, réduction partielle en un gaz de synthèse (D). Le gaz de combustion (B) est alimenté avec une proportion du gaz de synthèse (D) et/ou un mélange gazeux (E) découlant du gaz de synthèse (D). L'invention concerne également une installation (10) mise au point pour la réalisation du procédé (1).
EP14723708.5A 2013-05-16 2014-04-30 Procédé et installation de gazéification au moins partielle d'un matériau d'alimentation organique solide Withdrawn EP2997111A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013008518.7A DE102013008518A1 (de) 2013-05-16 2013-05-16 Verfahren und Anlage zur zumindest teilweisen Vergasung von festem, organischem Einsatzmaterial
PCT/EP2014/001157 WO2014183837A1 (fr) 2013-05-16 2014-04-30 Procédé et installation de gazéification au moins partielle d'un matériau d'alimentation organique solide

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2997111A1 true EP2997111A1 (fr) 2016-03-23

Family

ID=50721738

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14723708.5A Withdrawn EP2997111A1 (fr) 2013-05-16 2014-04-30 Procédé et installation de gazéification au moins partielle d'un matériau d'alimentation organique solide

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20160115020A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2997111A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN105392868A (fr)
AU (1) AU2014267710A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112015028517A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2912123A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102013008518A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014183837A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107779215A (zh) * 2016-08-26 2018-03-09 何巨堂 一种碳氢粉料热解产物分离过程防油凝析的注气方法
CN112280594A (zh) * 2020-09-15 2021-01-29 四川仪陇益邦能源有限公司 一种高温气化生物基质的设备及其方法
CN113955718B (zh) * 2021-10-27 2023-08-01 中冶焦耐(大连)工程技术有限公司 一种高温荒煤气非催化部分氧化直接重整工艺及系统

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DE4139512A1 (de) 1991-11-29 1993-06-03 Noell Dbi Energie Entsorgung Verfahren zur thermischen verwertung von abfallstoffen
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20160115020A1 (en) 2016-04-28
DE102013008518A1 (de) 2014-11-20
CA2912123A1 (fr) 2014-11-20
AU2014267710A1 (en) 2015-11-26
CN105392868A (zh) 2016-03-09
WO2014183837A1 (fr) 2014-11-20
BR112015028517A2 (pt) 2017-07-25

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