EP2991751A1 - System for separating out volatile degradation products, and method for operating the system - Google Patents

System for separating out volatile degradation products, and method for operating the system

Info

Publication number
EP2991751A1
EP2991751A1 EP14739763.2A EP14739763A EP2991751A1 EP 2991751 A1 EP2991751 A1 EP 2991751A1 EP 14739763 A EP14739763 A EP 14739763A EP 2991751 A1 EP2991751 A1 EP 2991751A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
quench
cleaning
flue gas
partially
condensate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14739763.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Björn Fischer
Ralph Joh
Markus Kinzl
Diego Andres KUETTEL
Rüdiger Schneider
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2991751A1 publication Critical patent/EP2991751A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
    • B01D53/1475—Removing carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1406—Multiple stage absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1487—Removing organic compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
    • B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
    • B01D2252/204—Amines
    • B01D2252/20436—Cyclic amines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
    • B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
    • B01D2252/204—Amines
    • B01D2252/20478—Alkanolamines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
    • B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
    • B01D2252/204—Amines
    • B01D2252/20494—Amino acids, their salts or derivatives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
    • B01D2252/60—Additives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D2257/406—Ammonia
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plant for the separation of highly volatile degradation products according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating such a system.
  • a first approach to reducing harmful emissions is the use of salts, such as amino acid salts.
  • Aqueous absorption solutions with amino acid salts have the advantage that they themselves have no vapor pressure, and thereby a discharge from the absorber can be avoided.
  • the degradation products of absorption solutions with amino acid salts domestic consequences of degradation are largely re-shaped salt-com ⁇ ponents and therefore also have no significant
  • Vapor pressure a small part of the degradation products also consists of volatile components, such as ammonia.
  • the degradation and degradation products concentrate over time in the absorbent cycle. Especially at high temperatures, these tend to transition into the gas phase due to the equilibrium. Due to the large amounts of flue gas, and the concentration over time, it comes forcibly to a discharge of these components in the atmosphere. So far, attempts have been made to reduce these emissions with a downstream laundry at the head of the absorber. This requires a larger absorber column, high banti ⁇ on costs and causes another contaminated wastewater or absorbent stream.
  • the acidic laundry requires a large apparatus and logistical effort, as well as the complex scrubber Müs be purchased appropriate amounts of acid and stored ⁇ sen.
  • a first object of the invention is to provide a plant for the separation of volatile degradation products from a flue gas stream of a combustion load-dependent device in a simple manner and at a possible clotting ⁇ gen energy. Another object is the specification of a method for operating such a system.
  • the first object is achieved by specifying a plant for the separation of volatile Degradationspro ⁇ Dukten from a flue gas stream of a load-dependent combustion apparatus comprising a CO 2 - separation device, wherein the C0 2 -Abscheidevoriques is fluidly coupled to the combustor, wherein the C0 2 -Abscheidevorraum at least one
  • Quench device comprises, which is traversed by the flue gas stream and thereby at least partially
  • the CO 2 - separating device comprises an absorber, which is at least partially flowed through by the flue gas stream, and wherein the absorber fluidly downstream of a cleaning device, in which the flue gas flows at least partially.
  • the cleaning device is supplied with a cleaning medium for cleaning the flue gas, wherein the cleaning medium at least partially surrounds the quench condensate ⁇ .
  • the cleaning, in particular an acidic wash, at the head of the absorber is used primarily for the reduction of basic substances, such as ammonia, short-chain amines or amine-based detergent.
  • the cleaning medium in this acidic wash is therefore mainly an acid.
  • a constant supply and discharge of this acid, for example sulfuric acid, and of the wastewater into the purification cycle must be ensured. This does not just happen at the cost of chemicals for the acid, but also to increased wastewater.
  • This is acidified by the quenching device.
  • the hot gas is brought into contact with a comparatively large amount of a cooling medium, which may also consist of the actual condensate, thereby partially or completely condensing.
  • the entste ⁇ Henden condensates are often highly corrosive.
  • inorganic fluorine, chlorine and heavy metal compounds are removed from the flue gases and dissolved in the cooling medium of the quenching device.
  • the addition of sodium hydroxide in the wash water then creates favorable conditions for ei ⁇ ne highly effective sulfur dioxide separation .
  • Quench condensate is now at least partially supplied to the cleaning ⁇ device.
  • the quench condensate is at least partially formed from egg ⁇ nem cooling medium that has been brought into contact with the flue gas within the quench.
  • the flue gas will be brought into contact with a cooling medium, thereby forming the quench condensate ge ⁇ . It can be ge ⁇ into contact with the flue gas, the cooling medium, which can also consist of the eigentli ⁇ chen condensate, which is partially or completely Siert ⁇ condensate.
  • the cooling medium which can also consist of the eigentli ⁇ chen condensate, which is partially or completely Siert ⁇ condensate.
  • Quench condensate formed at least from sulfuric acid and / or sulfate and / or nitric acid and / or salts of sulfate and / or salts of nitrate, and / or salts of bicarbonate.
  • the quench condensate is acidified by the acidic gas constituents of the flue gas. This makes it particularly suitable good as a cleaning medium, especially for an acidic wash in the cleaning device.
  • the quench device is preferably connected upstream of the absorber. Thus, the flue gas passes cooled in the absorber.
  • the flue gas basically reacting substances, in particular ammonia and short-chain amines includes, which form a Neutralisationsre ⁇ action with the quench condensate.
  • the cleaning medium exiting the cleaning device is usable as a fertilizer. As a result, a recovery of the complete wastewater is possible.
  • the cleaning device is connected to a gezzie ⁇ NEN cleaning circuit, so that the arising by Rei ⁇ nistist in the cleaning device cleaning waste water is at least partially returned into the cleaning device again.
  • the cleaning waste water circulates partially and is thus used repeatedly for cleaning. As a result, less cleaning wastewater is produced.
  • the quench device is preferably connected to a quench circulation line, with which the quench condensate discharged from a quench bottom can be at least partially returned to the quench device. As a result, less quench condensate is produced.
  • the Quenchniklauf endeavors a Quenchent Cyprusstelle on where along quench condensate removed
  • the Quenchent Cyprusstelle is connected via a line to the Rei ⁇ n
  • voriques for feeding the quench condensate to the cleaning device.
  • the Lei ⁇ tion is connected via the closed cleaning circuit with the cleaning device.
  • the second object is achieved by specifying a method for operating a plant as described above, comprising a quench device, which is at least partially flowed through by the flue gas stream and thereby at least partially an acidified quench condensate is formed.
  • the plant further comprises a Ab ⁇ sorber, which is at least partially flowed through by the flue gas stream, wherein the absorber fluidly downstream of a cleaning device, in which the
  • FIG. 1 shows a plant according to the invention for the separation of highly volatile degradation products from a
  • the separation device 1 shows a separation device 1 for carbon dioxide from a flue gas stream.
  • the separation device 1 comprises an absorber 3 and a desorber 5 connected fluidically thereto.
  • the flue gas is passed from a Verbrennungsanla ⁇ ge 2 in the CO 2 - separation device 1.
  • the flue gas is fed to the quench device 4 via a flue gas line 7.
  • the hot flue gas with a comparatively large amount of a cooling medium, preferably water, is brought into contact with and thereby partially or fully condensed ⁇ constantly.
  • the hot gas is passed through the quench device 4 in countercurrent or co-current.
  • the resulting quench condensate collects on the quench bottom and is often highly corrosive and acidified.
  • the quench device 4 has a flue gas outlet 6, in which the ge ⁇ cooled and partially purified flue gas exits, and is passed to the absorber. 3
  • the quench condensate is conveyed from the quench bottom of the quench device 4 into a quench circulation line 17 with a pump 8 and a heat exchanger 9.
  • the quench condensate can at least partially be the input to the quench device 4 as ⁇ .
  • the cooling medium used for cooling the flue gas in the quench device 4 can therefore also consist of the actual quench condensate.
  • the cooling medium of the quenching device 4 may be an aqueous solution of an amino acid whose pH has been adjusted to a value of 10 to 13 by suitable addition of, for example, potassium hydroxide.
  • the purified flue gas is flowed into a further absorption 3 in an absorber.
  • the in the absorber 3 as
  • Washing medium contained aqueous amino acid salt comes in the absorber 5 with the flue gas in contact and the carbon dioxide contained in the smoke ⁇ gas is absorbed in the washing medium.
  • the gas stream cleaned of carbon dioxide is discharged from the absorber 3 at the absorber head 10, whereas the washing medium laden with CO 2 is connected via a discharge line 11 of the absorber 3, which is fluidically connected to a supply line 12 of the desorber 5, and by means of a pump 13 is pumped to the desorber 5.
  • the carbon dioxide loaded scrubbing medium passes through a heat exchanger 14, in which the heat of the flowing from the desorber 5 to the absorber 3, the regenerated scrubbing medium supplied ⁇ led to the absorber 3 the desorber 5 is transferred laden scrubbing medium, and so the washing Medi ⁇ to is preheated accordingly.
  • the carbon dioxide absorbed in the washing medium is thermally desorbed.
  • a Abvantlei ⁇ tung 15 is connected to the desorber 5, which opens into a, not described in detail preparation device sixteenth
  • the desorbed CO 2 -rich gas stream can be compressed, for example, to allow the transport to a storage site.
  • the desorber 5 is connected to a return line 21, which is fluidically connected to a supply line 18 of the absorber 3.
  • the in the desorber 5 re ⁇ generated wash medium can be recycled by a pump 19 in the absorber 3 and there are used for re-absorption of carbon dioxide from the flue gas.
  • the desorber 5 In order to provide the necessary regeneration heat for the separation of carbon dioxide from ⁇ washing medium is connected a Reboilerkorleyer 20, in which the loaded scrubbing medium is regenerated by steam.
  • the flue gas in a not further described device 22, in particular a water wash be further cleaned.
  • the flue gas is supplied to a cleaning device 23 for further purification.
  • the cleaning is carried out with the help of a cleaning medium.
  • This cleaning is carried out above all as an acidic wash.
  • acid scrubbing volatile degradation products are thus separated from the flue gas stream.
  • basic substances such as ammonia, short-chain amines or amine-based detergent takes place here.
  • the cleaning medium used is a constant feed and discharge. Smuggling an acid, such as sulfuric acid, and also to ensure wastewater in the cleaning device 23 and in the circulation of the cleaning device 23. This not only leads to chemical costs for the acid, but also to an increased volume of waste water.
  • the acidified quench condensate of the quench device 4 is now used to feed the cleaning device 23 and thus as an acidic wash.
  • This not only results in a reduction of the waste water (only a wastewater stream), but also saves the complete costs for the chemicals, eg the sulfuric acid.
  • the quench condensate can be transported via a line 24 to the cleaning ⁇ tion device 23. In this case, the Quenchniklauftechnisch 17 a Quenchenttician 28.
  • the cleaning device 23 may also have a closed cleaning circuit 25, so that cleaning waste water resulting from the cleaning in the cleaning device 23 is partially returned to the cleaning device 23.
  • the quench condensate is now fed into the ⁇ sen cleaning circuit 25 via the line 24. That is, the line 24 is connected to the Quenchkondensatentised with the Quenchniklauftechnisch 17, and for feeding into the cleaning device 23 with the cleaning circuit 25.
  • the withdrawn Quenchkondensat can also be fed directly to the cleaning device 23.
  • the entire quench condensate to the cleaning ⁇ device 23 can be transported via line 24th However, it can also be partly transported back into the quench device 4. This can be done in the
  • Quench circuit line 17 a control member, for example, a valve may be provided (not shown).
  • a removal point 26 is now provided, at which not the cleaning device withdrawn cleaning effluent and used as fertilizer ⁇ medium - as described above - can be used.
  • the invention therefore significantly reduces the need for chemicals.
  • the cleaning waste water can also be utilized as fertilizer. Also results according to the invention a reduction of emissions.

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for separating volatile degradation products out of a flue gas stream from a load-dependent combustion apparatus (2) comprising a CO2 separation apparatus (1), wherein the CO2 separation apparatus (1) has fluidic coupling to the combustion apparatus (2), wherein the CO2 separation apparatus (1) comprises at least one quench apparatus (4) through which at least part of the flue gas stream flows and which at least partly forms an acidified quench condensate, and an absorber (3) through which at least part of the flue gas stream flows, wherein at least part of the flue gas flows into a cleaning apparatus (23) connected downstream of the absorber (3), wherein the cleaning apparatus (23) is supplied with a cleaning medium for cleaning the flue gas, wherein the cleaning medium at least partly comprises the acidified quench condensate. The invention further relates to a method for operating such a system.

Description

Beschreibung description
Anlage zur Abscheidung von leicht flüchtigen Degradationspro¬ dukten, und Verfahren zum Betrieb der Anlage Plant for the separation of volatile Degradationspro ¬ Dukten, and method of operation of the plant
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anlage zur Abscheidung von leicht flüchtigen Degradationsprodukten nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer solchen Anlage. The invention relates to a plant for the separation of highly volatile degradation products according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating such a system.
Bei fossil befeuerten Kraftwerksanlagen zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie entsteht durch die Verbrennung eines fossilen Brennstoffes ein kohlendioxidhaltiges Rauchgas. Zur Vermei¬ dung bzw. zur Verringerung von Kohlendioxid-Emissionen muss Kohlendioxid aus den Rauchgasen abgetrennt werden. Zur Ab¬ trennung von Kohlendioxid aus einem Gasgemisch sind allgemein verschiedene Methoden bekannt. Insbesondere zum Abtrennen von Kohlendioxid aus einem Rauchgas nach einem Verbrennungspro- zess ist die Methode der Absorption-Desorption gebräuchlich. In großtechnischem Maßstab wird Kohlendioxid dabei mit einem Absorptionsmittel aus dem Rauchgas herausgewaschen ( CO2- Abscheideprozess ) . Ein derartiger CO2 Capture Prozess umfasst dabei im Wesentlichen einen Absorber, in dem CO2 mit einer Absorptionslösung aus dem Rauchgas gewaschen wird, und einem Desorber, in dem CO2 wieder aus der Absorptionslösung ausgetrieben wird. In fossil-fired power plants for the production of electrical energy, the combustion of a fossil fuel produces a carbon dioxide-containing flue gas. For Vermei ¬ dung or to reduce carbon dioxide emissions of carbon dioxide has to be separated from the flue gases. From To ¬ separation of carbon dioxide from a gas mixture in general, various methods are known. In particular, for the separation of carbon dioxide from a flue gas after a combustion process, the method of absorption-desorption is customary. On an industrial scale, carbon dioxide is washed out of the flue gas with an absorbent (CO2 deposition process). Such a CO2 capture process essentially comprises an absorber, in which CO2 is washed with an absorption solution from the flue gas, and a desorber, in which CO2 is again expelled from the absorption solution.
Gebräuchliche Absorptionslösungen, wie beispielsweise Common absorption solutions, such as
Monoethanolamin (MEA) , Aminosäuresalz- oder Pottasche- Lösungen zeigen eine gute Selektivität und eine hohe Kapazi¬ tät für CO2 . Monoethanolamine (MEA), Aminosäuresalz- or potash solutions show good selectivity and high capaci ¬ ty for CO2.
Durch die im Rauchgas enthaltenen Spurenelemente, wie z.B. SOx und NOx, aber auch besonders durch Sauerstoff, neigen al¬ le Absorptionslösungen zur Degradation. Dabei entstehen verschiedene Abbauprodukte (Degradationsprodukte) , die besonder: bei der Verwendung von Absorptionsmitteln wie Alkanolaminen oder zyklischen Aminen flüchtig sind und mit dem gereinigten Rauchgas den Absorber verlassen können. Die dadurch entstehenden Emissionen gilt es soweit wie möglich zu verringern. Due to the trace elements contained in the flue gas, such as SO x and NO x , but also especially by oxygen, al ¬ le absorption solutions tend to degradation. This results in various degradation products (degradation products), which are particularly volatile in the use of absorbents such as alkanolamines or cyclic amines and with the purified Flue gas can leave the absorber. The resulting emissions should be reduced as much as possible.
Ein erster Ansatz zur Verringerung von schädlichen Emissionen ist die Verwendung von Salzen, wie z.B. Aminosäuresalzen. Wässrige Absorptionslösungen mit Aminosäuresalzen haben den Vorteil, dass sie selbst keinen Dampfdruck haben, und dadurch ein Austrag aus dem Absorber vermieden werden kann. Die Abbauprodukte von Absorptionslösungen mit Aminosäuresalzen in- folge von Degradation sind großteils wieder salzförmige Kom¬ ponenten und haben daher ebenfalls keinen nennenswerten A first approach to reducing harmful emissions is the use of salts, such as amino acid salts. Aqueous absorption solutions with amino acid salts have the advantage that they themselves have no vapor pressure, and thereby a discharge from the absorber can be avoided. The degradation products of absorption solutions with amino acid salts domestic consequences of degradation are largely re-shaped salt-com ¬ ponents and therefore also have no significant
Dampfdruck. Ein kleiner Teil der Abbauprodukte besteht jedoch auch aus leicht flüchtigen Komponenten, wie z.B. Ammoniak. Die Abbau- und Degradationsprodukte konzentrieren sich mit der Zeit im Absorptionsmittelkreislauf auf. Besonders bei ho¬ hen Temperaturen neigen diese aufgrund des Gleichgewichtes dazu in die Gasphase überzugehen. Aufgrund der großen Rauchgasmengen, und der Aufkonzentrierung über die Zeit, kommt es dabei zwangsweise zu einem Austrag dieser Komponenten in die Atmosphäre. Bisher wurde versucht, diese Emissionen mit einer nachgeschalteten Wäsche am Kopf des Absorbers zu reduzieren. Dies erfordert eine größere Absorberkolonne, hohe Investiti¬ onskosten und verursacht einen weiteren verunreinigten Abwas- ser- bzw. Absorptionsmittelstrom. Vapor pressure. However, a small part of the degradation products also consists of volatile components, such as ammonia. The degradation and degradation products concentrate over time in the absorbent cycle. Especially at high temperatures, these tend to transition into the gas phase due to the equilibrium. Due to the large amounts of flue gas, and the concentration over time, it comes forcibly to a discharge of these components in the atmosphere. So far, attempts have been made to reduce these emissions with a downstream laundry at the head of the absorber. This requires a larger absorber column, high investiti ¬ on costs and causes another contaminated wastewater or absorbent stream.
Die Entfernung von Ammoniak aus Abluft wird in den in der Patentliteratur bekannten Verfahren mittels Zugabe von Schwefelsäure oder Salpetersäure erreicht. Dieses Verfahren ist auch unter dem Namen "saure Wäsche", wie beispielsweise in der US 3,607,022 ausgeführt wird, bekannt. Der Ammoniak wird über chemische Absorption aus dem Abluftstrom entfernt und im sauren Lösungsmittel in das korrespondierende Ammoniumsalz umgesetzt. Der Einsatz von Salpetersäure führt zur Bildung von Ammoniumnitrat und der Einsatz von Schwefelsäure bewirkt die Bildung von Ammoniumsulfat. The removal of ammonia from exhaust air is achieved in the methods known in the patent literature by adding sulfuric acid or nitric acid. This process is also known under the name "acid laundry" as exemplified in US 3,607,022. The ammonia is removed by chemical absorption from the exhaust air stream and reacted in the acidic solvent in the corresponding ammonium salt. The use of nitric acid leads to the formation of ammonium nitrate and the use of sulfuric acid causes the formation of ammonium sulfate.
Damit erfordert die saure Wäsche einen großen apparativen und logistischen Aufwand, da neben dem komplexen Wäscher auch entsprechende Mengen Säure gekauft und gelagert werden müs¬ sen . Thus, the acidic laundry requires a large apparatus and logistical effort, as well as the complex scrubber Müs be purchased appropriate amounts of acid and stored ¬ sen.
Eine erste Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Angabe einer Anlage zur Abscheidung von leicht flüchtigen Degradationsprodukten aus einem Rauchgasstrom einer lastabhängigen Verbrennungsvorrichtung, auf einfache Weise und unter einem möglichst gerin¬ gen Energieaufwand. Eine weitere Aufgabe ist die Angabe eines Verfahrens zum Betrieb einer solchen Anlage. A first object of the invention is to provide a plant for the separation of volatile degradation products from a flue gas stream of a combustion load-dependent device in a simple manner and at a possible clotting ¬ gen energy. Another object is the specification of a method for operating such a system.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die erste Aufgabe mit der Angabe einer Anlage zur Abscheidung von leicht flüchtigen Degradationspro¬ dukten aus einem Rauchgasstrom einer lastabhängigen Verbrennungsvorrichtung gelöst, umfassend eine CO2- Abscheidevorrichtung, wobei die C02-Abscheidevorrichtung fluidtechnisch mit der Verbrennungsvorrichtung gekoppelt ist, wobei die C02-Abscheidevorrichtung zumindest eine According to the invention the first object is achieved by specifying a plant for the separation of volatile Degradationspro ¬ Dukten from a flue gas stream of a load-dependent combustion apparatus comprising a CO 2 - separation device, wherein the C0 2 -Abscheidevorrichtung is fluidly coupled to the combustor, wherein the C0 2 -Abscheidevorrichtung at least one
Quenchvorrichtung umfasst, welche von dem Rauchgasstrom durchströmt wird und wodurch zumindest teilweise ein Quench device comprises, which is traversed by the flue gas stream and thereby at least partially
Quenchkondensat gebildet ist. Zudem umfasst die CO2- Abscheidevorrichtung einen Absorber, welcher von dem Rauchgasstrom zumindest teilweise durchströmt wird, und wobei dem Absorber strömungstechnisch eine Reinigungsvorrichtung nachgeschaltet ist, in welche das Rauchgas zumindest teilweise einströmt. Dabei ist der Reinigungsvorrichtung ein Reinigungsmedium zum Reinigen des Rauchgases zugeführt, wobei das Reinigungsmedium zumindest teilweise das Quenchkondensat um¬ fasst . Quench condensate is formed. In addition, the CO 2 - separating device comprises an absorber, which is at least partially flowed through by the flue gas stream, and wherein the absorber fluidly downstream of a cleaning device, in which the flue gas flows at least partially. In this case, the cleaning device is supplied with a cleaning medium for cleaning the flue gas, wherein the cleaning medium at least partially surrounds the quench condensate ¬ .
Die Reinigung, insbesondere eine saure Wäsche, am Kopf des Absorbers dient vor allem der Reduktion basisch reagierender Substanzen, wie z.B. Ammoniak, kurzkettiger Amine oder aminbasierter Waschmittel. Das Reinigungsmedium bei dieser sauren Wäsche ist daher vor allem eine Säure. Um in den unteren ppm-Bereich dieser basisch reagierenden Substanzen zu gelangen, ist jedoch eine ständige Zuspeisung und Ausschleusung dieser Säure, z.B. Schwefelsäure, und des Abwassers in den Reinigungskreislauf sicher zu stellen. Dies führt nicht nur zu Chemikalienkosten für die Säure, sondern auch zu einem erhöhten Abwasseraufkommen. The cleaning, in particular an acidic wash, at the head of the absorber is used primarily for the reduction of basic substances, such as ammonia, short-chain amines or amine-based detergent. The cleaning medium in this acidic wash is therefore mainly an acid. In order to reach the lower ppm range of these basic substances, however, a constant supply and discharge of this acid, for example sulfuric acid, and of the wastewater into the purification cycle must be ensured. This does not just happen at the cost of chemicals for the acid, but also to increased wastewater.
Erfindungsgemäß wird nun das Quenchkondensat - wie oben auch beschrieben- zumindest teilweise als Reinigungsmittel verwen¬ det. Dieses ist durch die Quenchvorrichtung angesäuert. Dies hat nicht nur die Reduktion des Abwassers zu Folge, da es nur einen Abwasserstrom gibt, sondern spart auch weitestgehend die kompletten Kosten für die Chemikalien, z.B. der Schwefelsäure. In der Quenchvorrichtung wird das heiße Gas mit einer vergleichsweise großen Menge eines Kühlmediums, das auch aus dem eigentlichen Kondensat bestehen kann, in Kontakt gebracht und dabei teilweise oder vollständig kondensiert. Die entste¬ henden Kondensate sind vielfach hochkorrosiv. Hierbei werden vor allem anorganische Fluor-, Chlor- und Schwermetallverbindungen aus den Rauchgasen entfernt und im Kühlmedium der Quenchvorrichtung gelöst. Die Zugabe von Natronlauge ins Waschwasser schafft anschließend günstige Bedingungen für ei¬ ne hochwirksame Schwefeldioxidabscheidung . Dieses According to the invention now the quench condensate - as above described-also at least partially as a cleaning agent USAGE ¬ det. This is acidified by the quenching device. This not only results in the reduction of wastewater, since there is only one wastewater stream, but also largely saves the complete costs for the chemicals, eg sulfuric acid. In the quenching device, the hot gas is brought into contact with a comparatively large amount of a cooling medium, which may also consist of the actual condensate, thereby partially or completely condensing. The entste ¬ Henden condensates are often highly corrosive. In particular, inorganic fluorine, chlorine and heavy metal compounds are removed from the flue gases and dissolved in the cooling medium of the quenching device. The addition of sodium hydroxide in the wash water then creates favorable conditions for ei ¬ ne highly effective sulfur dioxide separation . This
Quenchkondensat wird nun zumindest teilweise der Reinigungs¬ vorrichtung zugeführt. Quench condensate is now at least partially supplied to the cleaning ¬ device.
Bevorzugt ist das Quenchkondensat zumindest teilweise aus ei¬ nem Kühlmedium gebildet, dass innerhalb der Quenchvorrichtung mit dem Rauchgas in Kontakt gebracht worden ist. In der Preferably, the quench condensate is at least partially formed from egg ¬ nem cooling medium that has been brought into contact with the flue gas within the quench. In the
Quenchvorrichtung wird das Rauchgas mit einem Kühlmedium in Kontakt gebracht werden und dadurch das Quenchkondensat ge¬ bildet. Dabei kann das Kühlmedium, das auch aus dem eigentli¬ chen Kondensat bestehen kann, in Kontakt mit dem Rauchgas ge¬ bracht werden, wobei es teilweise oder vollständig konden¬ siert. Durch das Rückführen des Quenchkondensats kann Wasser bzw. Abwasser gespart werden. Bevorzugt ist das Quench device, the flue gas will be brought into contact with a cooling medium, thereby forming the quench condensate ge ¬ . It can be ge ¬ into contact with the flue gas, the cooling medium, which can also consist of the eigentli ¬ chen condensate, which is partially or completely Siert ¬ condensate. By recycling the quench condensate, water or wastewater can be saved. This is preferred
Quenchkondensat zumindest aus Schwefelsäure und/oder Sulfat und/oder Salpetersäure und/oder Salze von Sulfat und/oder Salze von Nitrat, und/oder Salze von Bikarbonat gebildet. Das Quenchkondensat ist durch die sauren Gasbestandteilen des Rauchgases angesäuert. Dadurch eignet es sich nun besonders gut als Reinigungsmedium insbesondere für eine saure Wäsche in der Reinigungsvorrichtung. Quench condensate formed at least from sulfuric acid and / or sulfate and / or nitric acid and / or salts of sulfate and / or salts of nitrate, and / or salts of bicarbonate. The quench condensate is acidified by the acidic gas constituents of the flue gas. This makes it particularly suitable good as a cleaning medium, especially for an acidic wash in the cleaning device.
Bevorzugt ist die Quenchvorrichtung dem Absorber vorgeschaltet. Somit gelangt das Rauchgas gekühlt in den Absorber. The quench device is preferably connected upstream of the absorber. Thus, the flue gas passes cooled in the absorber.
In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung umfasst das Rauchgas basisch reagierende Substanzen, insbesondere Ammoniak und kurzkettige Amine, welche mit dem Quenchkondensat eine Neutralisationsre¬ aktion eingehen. Vorzugsweise ist das aus der Reinigungsvorrichtung austretende Reinigungsmedium als ein Düngemittel verwendbar. Dadurch ist eine Verwertung des kompletten Abwassers möglich. In an advantageous embodiment, the flue gas basically reacting substances, in particular ammonia and short-chain amines includes, which form a Neutralisationsre ¬ action with the quench condensate. Preferably, the cleaning medium exiting the cleaning device is usable as a fertilizer. As a result, a recovery of the complete wastewater is possible.
Bevorzugt ist die Reinigungsvorrichtung mit einem geschlosse¬ nen Reinigungskreislauf verbunden, so dass das durch die Rei¬ nigung in der Reinigungsvorrichtung entstehendes Reinigungsabwasser zumindest teilweise wieder in die Reinigungsvorrichtung rückführbar ist. Somit zirkuliert das Reinigungsabwasser teilweise und ist dadurch auch für die Reinigung mehrmals verwendbar. Dadurch wird weniger Reinigungsabwasser produziert . Preferably, the cleaning device is connected to a geschlosse ¬ NEN cleaning circuit, so that the arising by Rei ¬ nigung in the cleaning device cleaning waste water is at least partially returned into the cleaning device again. Thus, the cleaning waste water circulates partially and is thus used repeatedly for cleaning. As a result, less cleaning wastewater is produced.
Bevorzugt ist die Quenchvorrichtung mit einer Quenchkreis- laufleitung verbunden, mit der das von einem Quenchboden abgeführte Quenchkondensat zumindest teilweise wieder in die Quenchvorrichtung zurückführbar ist. Dadurch wird weniger Quenchkondensat produziert. The quench device is preferably connected to a quench circulation line, with which the quench condensate discharged from a quench bottom can be at least partially returned to the quench device. As a result, less quench condensate is produced.
Bevorzugt weist die Quenchkreislaufleitung eine Quenchent- nahmestelle auf, an welcher Quenchkondensat entnommen wird, wobei die Quenchentnahmestelle über eine Leitung mit der Rei¬ nigungsvorrichtung verbunden ist, zur Zuführung des Quench- kondensats zur Reinigungsvorrichtung. Bevorzugt ist die Lei¬ tung über den geschlossenen Reinigungskreislauf mit der Reinigungsvorrichtung verbunden. Erfindungsgemäß wird die zweite Aufgabe mit der Angabe eines Verfahrens zum Betrieb einer, wie oben beschriebenen Anlage, gelöst, umfassend eine Quenchvorrichtung, welche von dem Rauchgasstrom zumindest teilweise durchströmt wird und wo- durch zumindest teilweise ein angesäuertes Quenchkondensat gebildet wird. Zudem umfasst die Anlage weiterhin einen Ab¬ sorber, welcher von dem Rauchgasstrom zumindest teilweise durchströmt wird, wobei dem Absorber strömungstechnisch eine Reinigungsvorrichtung nachgeschaltet ist, in welche das Preferably, the Quenchkreislaufleitung a Quenchentnahmestelle on where along quench condensate removed, the Quenchentnahmestelle is connected via a line to the Rei ¬ nigungsvorrichtung, for feeding the quench condensate to the cleaning device. Preferably, the Lei ¬ tion is connected via the closed cleaning circuit with the cleaning device. According to the invention, the second object is achieved by specifying a method for operating a plant as described above, comprising a quench device, which is at least partially flowed through by the flue gas stream and thereby at least partially an acidified quench condensate is formed. In addition, the plant further comprises a Ab ¬ sorber, which is at least partially flowed through by the flue gas stream, wherein the absorber fluidly downstream of a cleaning device, in which the
Rauchgas zumindest teilweise einströmt, wobei der Reinigungs¬ vorrichtung ein Reinigungsmedium zum Reinigen des Rauchgases zugeführt wird. Erfindungsgemäß wird als Reinigungsmedium zu¬ mindest teilweise das angesäuerte Quenchkondensat verwendet. Die für die Vorrichtung genannten Vorteile können hierbei sinngemäß auf das Verfahren übertragen werden. Flue gas flows at least partially, wherein the cleaning device ¬ a cleaning medium for purifying the flue gas is supplied. According to the invention is partially used as a cleaning medium at least ¬ the acidified quench condensate. The advantages mentioned for the device can be transferred analogously to the process.
Weitere Merkmale, Eigenschaften und Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung un- ter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegende Figur. Darin zeigt schema¬ tisch: Further features, properties and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description with reference to the accompanying figure. In this shows schematically ¬ table:
FIG 1 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Anlage zur Abscheidung von leicht flüchtigen Degradationsprodukten aus einem 1 shows a plant according to the invention for the separation of highly volatile degradation products from a
Rauchgasstrom  Flue gas stream
In FIG 1 ist eine Abscheidevorrichtung 1 für Kohlendioxid aus einem Rauchgasstrom gezeigt. Die Abscheidevorrichtung 1 umfasst einen Absorber 3 und einen strömungstechnisch mit die- sem verbundenen Desorber 5. 1 shows a separation device 1 for carbon dioxide from a flue gas stream. The separation device 1 comprises an absorber 3 and a desorber 5 connected fluidically thereto.
Zur Abscheidung von Kohlendioxid aus dem Rauchgas einer Verbrennungsanlage wird das Rauchgas von einer Verbrennungsanla¬ ge 2 in die CO2- Abscheidevorrichtung 1 weitergeleitet. Hier- zu wird das Rauchgas der Quenchvorrichtung 4 über eine Rauchgasleitung 7 zugeführt. In der Quenchvorrichtung 4 wird das heiße Rauchgas mit einer vergleichsweise großen Menge eines Kühlmediums, vorzugsweise Wasser, in Kontakt gebracht und dabei teilweise oder voll¬ ständig kondensiert. Das heiße Gas wird im Gegenstrom oder Mitstrom durch die Quenchvorrichtung 4 geleitet. Das dabei entstehende Quenchkondensat sammelt sich am Quenchboden und ist vielfach hochkorrosiv und angesäuert. Die Quenchvorrichtung 4 weist einen Rauchgasauslass 6 auf, bei dem das ge¬ kühlte und teilgereinigte Rauchgas wieder austritt und an den Absorber 3 weitergeleitet wird. Das Quenchkondensat wird aus dem Quenchboden der Quenchvorrichtung 4 in eine Quenchkreis- laufleitung 17 mit einer Pumpe 8 und einem Wärmetauscher 9 gefördert. Das Quenchkondensat kann zumindest teilweise wie¬ der in die Quenchvorrichtung 4 eingespeist werden. Das zur Kühlung des Rauchgases in der Quenchvorrichtung 4 verwendete Kühlmedium kann daher auch aus dem eigentlichen Quenchkondensat bestehen. Das Kühlmedium der Quenchvorrichtung 4 kann eine wässrige Lösung einer Aminosäure sein, deren pH-Wert durch geeignete Zugabe etwa von Kaliumhydroxid auf einen Wert von 10 bis 13 eingestellt wurde. For the separation of carbon dioxide from the flue gas of an incinerator, the flue gas is passed from a Verbrennungsanla ¬ ge 2 in the CO 2 - separation device 1. For this purpose, the flue gas is fed to the quench device 4 via a flue gas line 7. In the quench device 4, the hot flue gas with a comparatively large amount of a cooling medium, preferably water, is brought into contact with and thereby partially or fully condensed ¬ constantly. The hot gas is passed through the quench device 4 in countercurrent or co-current. The resulting quench condensate collects on the quench bottom and is often highly corrosive and acidified. The quench device 4 has a flue gas outlet 6, in which the ge ¬ cooled and partially purified flue gas exits, and is passed to the absorber. 3 The quench condensate is conveyed from the quench bottom of the quench device 4 into a quench circulation line 17 with a pump 8 and a heat exchanger 9. The quench condensate can at least partially be the input to the quench device 4 as ¬. The cooling medium used for cooling the flue gas in the quench device 4 can therefore also consist of the actual quench condensate. The cooling medium of the quenching device 4 may be an aqueous solution of an amino acid whose pH has been adjusted to a value of 10 to 13 by suitable addition of, for example, potassium hydroxide.
Das gereinigte Rauchgas wird zu einer weiteren Reinigung in einen Absorber 3 eingeströmt. Die in dem Absorber 3 als The purified flue gas is flowed into a further absorption 3 in an absorber. The in the absorber 3 as
Waschmedium enthaltene wässrige Aminosäuresalzlösung kommt in dem Absorber 5 mit dem Rauchgas in Kontakt und das im Rauch¬ gas enthaltene Kohlendioxid wird im Waschmedium absorbiert. Washing medium contained aqueous amino acid salt comes in the absorber 5 with the flue gas in contact and the carbon dioxide contained in the smoke ¬ gas is absorbed in the washing medium.
Der von Kohlendioxid gereinigte Gasstrom wird am Absorberkopf 10 aus dem Absorber 3 entlassen, wohingegen das mit CO2 bela- dene Waschmedium über eine Abführleitung 11 des Absorbers 3, die strömungstechnisch mit einer Zuführleitung 12 des Desor- bers 5 verbunden ist, und mittels einer Pumpe 13 zum Desorber 5 gepumpt wird. Hierbei passiert das mit Kohlendioxid belade- ne Waschmedium einen Wärmetauscher 14, in welchem die Wärme des von dem Desorber 5 zum Absorber 3 strömenden, regenerierten Waschmediums auf das vom Absorber 3 dem Desorber 5 zuge¬ führte, beladene Waschmedium übertragen und so das Waschmedi¬ um entsprechend vorgewärmt wird. Innerhalb des Desorbers 5 wird das im Waschmedium absorbierte Kohlendioxid thermisch desorbiert. Zur Aufbereitung und Überführung des Kohlendioxids ist dem Desorber 5 eine Abführlei¬ tung 15 angeschlossen, die in eine, nicht näher beschriebene Aufbereitungseinrichtung 16 mündet. Hier kann der desorbierte C02-reiche Gasstrom verdichtet werden, um beispielsweise den Transport zu einer Speicherstätte zu ermöglichen. The gas stream cleaned of carbon dioxide is discharged from the absorber 3 at the absorber head 10, whereas the washing medium laden with CO 2 is connected via a discharge line 11 of the absorber 3, which is fluidically connected to a supply line 12 of the desorber 5, and by means of a pump 13 is pumped to the desorber 5. Here, the carbon dioxide loaded scrubbing medium passes through a heat exchanger 14, in which the heat of the flowing from the desorber 5 to the absorber 3, the regenerated scrubbing medium supplied ¬ led to the absorber 3 the desorber 5 is transferred laden scrubbing medium, and so the washing Medi ¬ to is preheated accordingly. Within the desorber 5, the carbon dioxide absorbed in the washing medium is thermally desorbed. For the preparation and conversion of the carbon dioxide a Abführlei ¬ tung 15 is connected to the desorber 5, which opens into a, not described in detail preparation device sixteenth Here, the desorbed CO 2 -rich gas stream can be compressed, for example, to allow the transport to a storage site.
Weiterhin ist dem Desorber 5 eine Rückführleitung 21 angeschlossen, die strömungstechnisch mit einer Zuführleitung 18 des Absorbers 3 verbunden ist. So kann das im Desorber 5 re¬ generierte Waschmedium mittels einer Pumpe 19 in den Absorber 3 zurückgeführt und dort zur erneuten Absorption von Kohlendioxid aus dem Rauchgas genutzt werden. Furthermore, the desorber 5 is connected to a return line 21, which is fluidically connected to a supply line 18 of the absorber 3. Thus, the in the desorber 5 re ¬ generated wash medium can be recycled by a pump 19 in the absorber 3 and there are used for re-absorption of carbon dioxide from the flue gas.
Um die nötige Regenerationswärme für die Trennung des Kohlen¬ dioxids vom Waschmedium bereitzustellen, ist dem Desorber 5 ein Reboilerwärmetauscher 20 angeschlossen, in welchem das beladene Waschmedium durch Dampf regeneriert wird. In order to provide the necessary regeneration heat for the separation of carbon dioxide from ¬ washing medium is the desorber 5 is connected a Reboilerwärmetauscher 20, in which the loaded scrubbing medium is regenerated by steam.
Selbstverständlich können auch noch andere und/oder weniger Bauteile in einer solchen besipielhaften Anlage vorhanden sein . Of course, other and / or fewer components may be present in such a besipielhaften plant.
Nach dem Absorber kann das Rauchgas in einer nicht weiter beschriebenen Vorrichtung 22, insbesondere einer Wasserwäsche, weiter gereinigt werden. Anschließend wird das Rauchgas zur weiteren Reinigung einer Reinigungsvorrichtung 23 zugeführt. Die Reinigung wird dabei mit Hilfe eines Reinigungsmediums durchgeführt. Dabei wird diese Reinigung vor allem als eine saure Wäsche durchgeführt. In der sauren Wäsche werden damit leicht flüchtige Degradationsprodukte aus dem Rauchgasstrom abgeschieden. Insbesondere findet hier vor allem eine Reduktion basisch reagierender Substanzen, wie z.B. Ammoniak, kurzkettiger Amine oder aminbasierter Waschmittel statt. Um in den unteren ppm-Bereich dieser Komponenten zu gelangen, ist als Reinigungsmedium eine ständige Zuspeisung und Aus- Schleusung einer Säure, beispielsweise Schwefelsäure, und auch Abwasser in die Reinigungsvorrichtung 23 bzw. in den Kreislauf der Reinigungsvorrichtung 23 sicher zu stellen. Dies führt nicht nur zu Chemikalienkosten für die Säure, son- dern auch zu einem erhöhten Abwasseraufkommen. After the absorber, the flue gas in a not further described device 22, in particular a water wash, be further cleaned. Subsequently, the flue gas is supplied to a cleaning device 23 for further purification. The cleaning is carried out with the help of a cleaning medium. This cleaning is carried out above all as an acidic wash. In acid scrubbing, volatile degradation products are thus separated from the flue gas stream. In particular, especially a reduction of basic substances, such as ammonia, short-chain amines or amine-based detergent takes place here. In order to reach the lower ppm range of these components, the cleaning medium used is a constant feed and discharge. Smuggling an acid, such as sulfuric acid, and also to ensure wastewater in the cleaning device 23 and in the circulation of the cleaning device 23. This not only leads to chemical costs for the acid, but also to an increased volume of waste water.
Erfindungsgemäß wird nun das angesäuerte Quenchkondensat der Quenchvorrichtung 4 zur Speisung der Reinigungsvorrichtung 23 und damit als saure Wäsche verwendet. Dies hat nicht nur eine Reduktion des Abwassers zur Folge (nur ein Abwasserstrom) , sondern spart auch die kompletten Kosten für die Chemikalien, z.B. der Schwefelsäure. Des Weiteren entsteht bei der Neutra¬ lisationsreaktion von Sulfaten mit Ammoniak, Ammoniumsulfat, das genau wie Nitrat ein wertvolles Düngemittel ist und damit eine Verwertung des kompletten Abwasserstroms ermöglicht. Das Quenchkondensat kann dabei über eine Leitung 24 zu der Reini¬ gungsvorrichtung 23 transportiert werden. Dabei weist die Quenchkreislaufleitung 17 eine Quenchentnahmestelle 28 auf. Auch die Reinigungsvorrichtung 23 kann einen geschlossenen Reinigungskreislauf 25 aufweisen, so dass durch die Reinigung in der Reinigungsvorrichtung 23 entstehendes Reinigungsabwas¬ ser teilweise wieder in die Reinigungsvorrichtung 23 zurückgeführt wird. Bevorzugt wird nun das Quenchkondensat in die¬ sen Reinigungskreislauf 25 über die Leitung 24 eingespeist. D.h. die Leitung 24 ist zur Quenchkondensatentnahme mit der Quenchkreislaufleitung 17 verbunden, und zur Einspeisung in die Reinigungsvorrichtung 23 mit dem Reinigungskreislauf 25. Selbstverständlich kann das entnommene Quenchkondensat auch direkt der Reinigungsvorrichtung 23 zugeführt werden. Selbst- verständlich kann das ganze Quenchkondensat zur Reinigungs¬ vorrichtung 23 über die Leitung 24 transportiert werden. Es kann aber auch teilweise wieder in die Quenchvorrichtung 4 zurücktransportiert werden. Dazu kann in der According to the invention, the acidified quench condensate of the quench device 4 is now used to feed the cleaning device 23 and thus as an acidic wash. This not only results in a reduction of the waste water (only a wastewater stream), but also saves the complete costs for the chemicals, eg the sulfuric acid. Furthermore, results from the Neutra ¬ lization reaction of sulfates with ammonia, ammonium sulfate, which like nitrate exactly is a valuable fertilizer, thus enabling utilization of the entire waste stream. The quench condensate can be transported via a line 24 to the cleaning ¬ tion device 23. In this case, the Quenchkreislaufleitung 17 a Quenchentnahmestelle 28. The cleaning device 23 may also have a closed cleaning circuit 25, so that cleaning waste water resulting from the cleaning in the cleaning device 23 is partially returned to the cleaning device 23. Preferably, the quench condensate is now fed into the ¬ sen cleaning circuit 25 via the line 24. That is, the line 24 is connected to the Quenchkondensatentnahme with the Quenchkreislaufleitung 17, and for feeding into the cleaning device 23 with the cleaning circuit 25. Of course, the withdrawn Quenchkondensat can also be fed directly to the cleaning device 23. Of course, the entire quench condensate to the cleaning ¬ device 23 can be transported via line 24th However, it can also be partly transported back into the quench device 4. This can be done in the
Quenchkreislaufleitung 17 ein Regelungsorgan beispielsweise ein Ventil vorgesehen sein (nicht gezeigt) .  Quench circuit line 17 a control member, for example, a valve may be provided (not shown).
In dem Reinigungskreislauf 25 ist nun eine Entnahmestelle 26 vorgesehen, an welcher das nicht zur Reinigungsvorrichtung zurückströmende Reinigungsabwasser entnommen und als Dünge¬ mittel - wie oben beschrieben - verwendet werden kann. In the cleaning circuit 25, a removal point 26 is now provided, at which not the cleaning device withdrawn cleaning effluent and used as fertilizer ¬ medium - as described above - can be used.
Durch die Erfindung wird daher der Chemikalienbedarf erheblich reduziert. Zudem ergibt sich auch eine Reduzierung der Abwassermenge, da das Quenchkondensat nicht mehr separat ent sorgt werden muss. Zudem ergibt sich auch eine Reduzierung des Brauchwassers. Das Reinigungsabwasser kann zudem als Dün gemittel verwertet werden. Auch ergibt sich erfindungsgemäß eine Reduzierung der Emissionen. The invention therefore significantly reduces the need for chemicals. In addition, there is also a reduction in the amount of wastewater, since the quench condensate no longer has to be provided separately ent. In addition, there is also a reduction of the process water. The cleaning waste water can also be utilized as fertilizer. Also results according to the invention a reduction of emissions.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
Anlage zur Abscheidung von leicht flüchtigen Degradationsprodukten aus einem Rauchgasstrom einer lastabhängigen Verbrennungsvorrichtung (2), umfassend eine CO2- Abscheidevorrichtung (1), wobei die CO2-Apparatus for the separation of volatile degradation products from a flue gas stream of a load-dependent combustion device (2), comprising a CO 2 - separating device (1), wherein the CO 2 -
Abscheidevorrichtung (1) fluidtechnisch mit der Verbrennungsvorrichtung (2) gekoppelt ist, wobei die CO2- Abscheidevorrichtung (1) zumindest eine Separating device (1) is fluidly coupled to the combustion device (2), wherein the CO 2 - separating device (1) at least one
Quenchvorrichtung (4), welche von dem Rauchgasstrom zumindest teilweise durchströmt wird und wodurch zumindest teilweise ein angesäuertes Quenchkondensat gebildet ist, und einen Absorber (3) , welcher von dem Rauchgasstrom zumindest teilweise durchströmt wird, umfasst, wobei dem Absorber (3) strömungstechnisch eine Reinigungsvorrichtung (23) nachgeschaltet ist, in welche das Rauchgas zu¬ mindest teilweise einströmt, wobei der Reinigungsvor¬ richtung (23) ein Reinigungsmedium zum Reinigen des Rauchgases zugeführt ist, Quench device (4), which is at least partially flowed through by the flue gas stream and at least partially an acidified quench condensate is formed, and an absorber (3), which is at least partially flowed through by the flue gas stream comprises, wherein the absorber (3) fluidly a cleaning device (23) is connected downstream, in which the flue gas ¬ at least partially flows, wherein the Reinigungsvor ¬ direction (23) is fed to a cleaning medium for purifying the flue gas,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s das Reinigungsmedium zumindest teilweise das angesäuerte Quenchkondensat umfasst.  d a d u r c h e k e n e, e s the cleaning medium at least partially comprises the acidified quench condensate.
Anlage nach Anspruch 1, Plant according to claim 1,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s das Quenchkondensat zumindest teilweise aus einem Kühl¬ medium gebildet ist, das innerhalb der Quenchvorrichtung (4) mit dem Rauchgas in Kontakt gebracht worden ist. characterized in that the quench condensate is at least partially formed from a cooling ¬ medium, which has been brought within the quench device (4) in contact with the flue gas.
Anlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, Plant according to claim 1 or 2,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s das Quenchkondensat zumindest Schwefelsäure und/oder Sulfat und/oder Salpetersäure und/oder Salze von Sulfat, und/oder Salze von Nitrat, und/oder Salze von Bikarbonat umfasst .  The quench condensate comprises at least sulfuric acid and / or sulfate and / or nitric acid and / or salts of sulfate, and / or salts of nitrate, and / or salts of bicarbonate.
4. Anlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 4. Installation according to one of the preceding claims,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s die Quenchvorrichtung (4) dem Absorber (3) vorgeschaltet ist . characterized in that the quench device (4) is connected upstream of the absorber (3).
Anlage nach Anspruch 4, Plant according to claim 4,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s das Kühlmedium selber zumindest teilweise aus dem d a d u r c h g e k e n e, the cooling medium itself is at least partially removed from the
Quenchkondensat gebildet ist. Quench condensate is formed.
Anlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, Plant according to one of the preceding claims,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s das Rauchgas basisch reagierende Substanzen, insbesonde¬ re Ammoniak und kurzkettige Amine umfasst, welche mit dem Quenchkondensat eine Neutralisationsreaktion eingehen . characterized in that the flue gas basically reacting substances insbesonde ¬ re ammonia and short-chain amines includes, which undergo neutralization reaction with the quench condensate.
Anlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, Plant according to one of the preceding claims,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s das aus der Reinigungsvorrichtung (23) austretende Rei¬ nigungsmedium als ein Düngemittel verwendbar ist. characterized in that from the cleaning device (23) exiting Rei ¬ nigungsmedium is usable as a fertilizer.
Anlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, Plant according to one of the preceding claims,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s die Reinigungsvorrichtung (23) mit einem geschlossenen Reinigungskreislauf (25) verbunden ist, so dass durch die Reinigung in der Reinigungsvorrichtung (23) entstehendes Reinigungsabwasser zumindest teilweise wieder in die Reinigungsvorrichtung (23) rückführbar ist. That is, the cleaning device (23) is connected to a closed cleaning circuit (25), so that cleaning wastewater resulting from the cleaning in the cleaning device (23) can at least partially be returned to the cleaning device (23).
Anlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, Plant according to one of the preceding claims,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s die Quenchvorrichtung (4) mit einer Quenchkreislauf- leitung (17) verbunden ist, mit der das von einem d a d u r c h g e k e n e z e i n e s, the quench device (4) is connected to a quench circuit line (17) with which the quench circuit (17) is connected
Quenchboden abgeführte Quenchkondensat zumindest teil¬ weise wieder in die Quenchvorrichtung (4) zurückführbar ist . Quenchboden discharged quench condensate at least partially ¬ again in the quench device (4) is traceable.
Anlage nach Anspruch 9, Plant according to claim 9,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s die Quenchkreislaufleitung (17) eine Quenchentnah- mestelle (28) aufweist, an welcher Quenchkondensat ent¬ nommen wird, wobei die Quenchentnahmestelle (28) über eine Leitung (24) mit der Reinigungsvorrichtung (23) verbunden ist, zur Zuführung des Quenchkondensats zur Reinigungsvorrichtung (23) . characterized in that the Quenchkreislaufleitung (17) has a Quenchentnahmestelle (28) at which quench condensate is ent ¬ taken, wherein the Quenchentnahmestelle (28) via a line (24) to the cleaning device is connected (23), (for supplying the Quenchkondensats to the cleaning device 23).
11. Anlage nach Anspruch 8 und 10, 11. Plant according to claim 8 and 10,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s die Leitung (24) über den geschlossenen Reinigungskreislauf (25) mit der Reinigungsvorrichtung (23) verbunden ist .  That is, the line (24) is connected to the cleaning device (23) via the closed cleaning circuit (25).
12. Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Anlage nach einem der obigen Ansprüche, umfassend eine Quenchvorrichtung (4), welche von dem Rauchgasstrom zumindest teilweise durchströmt wird und wodurch zumindest teilweise ein angesäuertes Quenchkondensat gebildet wird, und einen Absorber (3) , welcher von dem Rauchgasstrom zumindest teilweise durchströmt wird, wobei dem Absorber (3) strömungstechnisch eine Reinigungsvorrichtung (23) nachgeschaltet ist, in welchen das Rauchgas zumindest teilweise einströmt, wo¬ bei der Reinigungsvorrichtung (23) ein Reinigungsmedium zum Reinigen des Rauchgases zugeführt wird, 12. A method for operating a plant according to one of the above claims, comprising a quench device (4), which is at least partially flowed through by the flue gas stream and thereby at least partially an acidified quench condensate is formed, and an absorber (3), which of the flue gas stream at least is partially flowed through, wherein the absorber (3) fluidly downstream of a cleaning device (23), in which the flue gas flows at least partially, where ¬ in the cleaning device (23), a cleaning medium for cleaning the flue gas is supplied
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s als Reinigungsmedium zumindest teilweise das angesäuerten Quenchkondensat verwendet wird.  The acidic quench condensate is at least partially used as a cleaning medium, for example as d a s s e c h e.
EP14739763.2A 2013-07-25 2014-07-09 System for separating out volatile degradation products, and method for operating the system Withdrawn EP2991751A1 (en)

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