EP2994216B1 - Method for separating carbon dioxide from a gas flow, in particular from a flue gas flow, and separating device for separating carbon dioxide from a gas flow, in particular from a flue gas flow - Google Patents

Method for separating carbon dioxide from a gas flow, in particular from a flue gas flow, and separating device for separating carbon dioxide from a gas flow, in particular from a flue gas flow Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2994216B1
EP2994216B1 EP14733566.5A EP14733566A EP2994216B1 EP 2994216 B1 EP2994216 B1 EP 2994216B1 EP 14733566 A EP14733566 A EP 14733566A EP 2994216 B1 EP2994216 B1 EP 2994216B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carbon dioxide
desorber
condensate
separating
cooling device
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP14733566.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2994216A1 (en
Inventor
Benjamin HÄFNER
Ansgar Kursawe
Albert Reichl
Rüdiger Schneider
Henning Schramm
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1425Regeneration of liquid absorbents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D15/00Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
    • B01D15/08Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
    • B01D15/26Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism
    • B01D15/36Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism involving ionic interaction
    • B01D15/361Ion-exchange
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1456Removing acid components
    • B01D53/1475Removing carbon dioxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D61/00Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/025Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D15/00Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
    • B01D15/08Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
    • B01D15/26Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism
    • B01D15/36Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism involving ionic interaction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2252/00Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
    • B01D2252/20Organic absorbents
    • B01D2252/204Amines
    • B01D2252/20494Amino acids, their salts or derivatives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504Carbon dioxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283Flue gases
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/04Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62Carbon oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/96Regeneration, reactivation or recycling of reactants
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02CCAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the separation of carbon dioxide from a gas stream, in particular from a flue gas stream. Furthermore, the invention relates to a separator for carbon dioxide from a gas stream, in particular from a flue gas stream.
  • carbon dioxide contained in the flue gas for this purpose is washed out after the combustion by an absorption-desorption process by means of a washing medium or an absorbent from the respective gas stream.
  • amine-containing wash media are frequently used, which show good selectivity and high capacity for carbon dioxide.
  • these amine-based washing media tend to build up nitrosamines by the action of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) contained as a secondary component in the flue gas.
  • NO x nitrogen oxides
  • the nitrosamines which may be formed are likewise non-volatile and thus not emission-relevant.
  • small amounts of volatile amines can arise as thermal and oxidative degradation products (especially methylamine) and thus still produce low levels of emission-relevant components at a low level
  • the amines and / or nitrosamines formed as a by-product accumulate in the washing medium until a stable equilibrium is established between the rate of formation of the decomposition products or of the decomposition products (total degradation products) and their discharge from the process.
  • the degradation products concentrate with time in the deposition process. Due to the high amount of flue gas introduced into the separation process and the concentration of the degradation products, this component may be discharged into the atmosphere. These emissions into the environment must be prevented.
  • washing media in which an amino acid salt is used as the active component.
  • Amino acid salts have the advantage that they have no appreciable vapor pressure, so that a discharge from the absorber can be avoided.
  • a washing medium with an amino acid salt as an active component, a degradation of the washing medium can not be prevented.
  • methylamine serves as a precursor for the formation of dimethylamine, which in turn forms the emission-relevant dimethylnitrosamine by reaction with NO x .
  • the nitrosamine, as well as other amines contained accumulate in the washing medium and are discharged through the cleaned of carbon dioxide flue gas through the absorber into the atmosphere.
  • a cleaning device for the gas discharged from the absorber can be used.
  • a downstream of the absorber cleaning device is associated with high investment costs and construction costs.
  • a cleaning device can be used, which is connected downstream of the desorber.
  • a first object of the invention to provide a method for the separation of carbon dioxide from a gas stream, which, while maintaining the capacity of the washing medium used, a controlled and economically feasible removal of degradation products from a washing medium allows and at the same time prevents possible emission of the degradation products into the atmosphere or reduced as much as possible.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide a separator for carbon dioxide from a gas stream, with which a corresponding method can be carried out.
  • the first object of the invention is achieved by a method for the separation of carbon dioxide from a gas stream, in particular from a flue gas stream in which a gas stream is brought into contact with a washing medium in an absorber of a separation device with deposition of carbon dioxide contained in the gas stream, the loaded Washing medium for releasing the carbon dioxide is fed to a desorber of the separator, the desorber is withdrawn and fed to form a condensate a cooling device, and the condensate formed in the cooling device is at least partially supplied to a cleaning device in the condensate contained in the degradation products by means of a reverse osmosis be removed.
  • the invention is based on the fact that even with the use of a washing medium with negligible vapor pressure of the respective active component by thermal or oxidative decomposition form degradation products. Particular attention is paid here to the formation of ammonia and volatile amines, which serve as precursors for the formation of environmentally harmful nitrosamines. Accordingly, the amines must be removed from the wash medium to prevent formation of nitrosamines and their emissions to the atmosphere. It is indeed possible to reduce the occurrence of amine or nitrosamine emissions by means of common reclaimers. However, this can only be achieved by an undesirable loss of washing medium. In addition to such a reclaimer used cleaning devices are only partially suitable to enable the conditions for an economic and easily integrable cleaning of the washing medium used in a deposition process.
  • the invention recognizes that degradation products can be effectively and economically removed from the washing medium when the condensate to be treated is supplied to a cleaning device in which the degradation products contained in the condensate are removed by means of reverse osmosis.
  • a vapor stream is taken from the desorber, which is fed to a cooling device.
  • the vapor stream essentially contains carbon dioxide, water and the volatile amines formed in the washing medium.
  • the vapor stream is fed to the cooling device and condensed there.
  • the condensate which consists essentially of water, a small proportion of carbon dioxide (H 2 CO 3 ), and a small proportion of ammonia and condensed amines, especially methylamine, is finally fed to the or each cleaning device.
  • the supply of condensate to the cleaning device can be done either completely or partially.
  • the amine impurities are purposely discharged from the process.
  • the methylamine contained in the condensate ie the precursor for the formation of the volatile dimethylnitrosamine, can be removed in this way. Even losses of the washing medium, as they are unavoidable in the operation of the reclaimer are minimized.
  • the emissions of volatile degradation products are further reduced.
  • the reverse osmosis can be used either together with an ion exchanger or as the sole method for the purification of the condensate. In a common use of a reverse osmosis with an ion exchanger, both process steps are expediently carried out in succession. The order hereby can be selected according to the method and the system used to carry out the method.
  • the contaminated condensate can be inexpensively and easily purified by reverse osmosis.
  • Reverse osmosis is a filtration process that allows the filtration of ionic impurities in the molecular range.
  • the contaminated liquid in this case the condensate to be cleaned, pressed against a filter medium.
  • the impurities remain in front of the filter and the condensate penetrates through the filter medium.
  • the filter medium is a semipermeable membrane. Reverse osmosis produces only a small concentrated stream of contaminants and a large stream of pure water. The clean water can in this case be recycled, for example, in the process, whereas the contaminated stream can be supplied, for example, a biological treatment plant.
  • the use of an ion exchanger in addition to reverse osmosis - allows for easy cleaning of the condensate. In an ion exchanger, materials are used with which dissolved ions can be replaced by other ions of the same name.
  • a column filled with an ion exchange material or a membrane can be used, which in each case flows through the solution to be treated, in the present case the condensate to be purified.
  • the ions to be exchanged are bound to the ion exchange material, which in turn for this purpose, emit an equivalent amount of previously bound ions into the solution.
  • the condensate to be cleaned here is in particular only a small partial flow of the entire washing medium, so that the cleaning device can be designed substantially smaller than a cleaning device whose capacity of receiving washing medium from the entire deposition process must be fair.
  • the purification of the condensate is particularly effective to implement, since the degradation products are concentrated in the condensate.
  • the use of a reverse osmosis to remove volatile degradation products from a washing medium depletion of undesirable amines - especially methylamine - as precursors for the formation of potentially dangerous nitrosamines - especially dimethylnitrosamine - in the washing medium and thus avoiding unacceptable emissions can be achieved.
  • intervention in the water balance of the separation process can be achieved by using a suitable cleaning device. So far, the water balance of the deposition process is regulated by a change in the absorber temperature. In this case, high inlet temperatures and a high water vapor partial pressure associated therewith reduce the water content of the washing medium. The water vapor is discharged with the purified gas from the absorber. For the effective absorption of carbon dioxide in the washing medium, however, low temperatures are necessary.
  • the present method now makes it possible to operate the absorber at the lowest possible absorber temperatures, regardless of the water balance. This is achieved by a removal of water from the cleaning device - ie the reverse osmosis - by means of which a reduction in the amount of water in the deposition process can be implemented energetically cheaper than by excessive absorber temperatures.
  • the absorber can be operated by the external control of the water balance at low temperatures and thus as efficiently as technically possible.
  • the purified in the cleaning device condensate can be completely or partially returned to the desorber as needed. Excess water can be removed from the process via the cleaning device.
  • a method which, for the purification of a condensate contaminated with degradation condensate, the principle of reverse osmosis, in addition to the targeted removal of the degradation products from the wash medium, an intervention in the water balance of the deposition process possible.
  • the absorber at colder temperatures the conditions for the absorption of carbon dioxide in the washing medium are improved. As a result, operating costs can be saved in the deposition of carbon dioxide.
  • a corresponding cleaning device basically also makes it possible to dispense with a so-called flue gas cooler, which is usually connected upstream of an absorber of a separation device.
  • the flue gas is advantageously supplied to the absorber of the separating device essentially without cooling.
  • the flue gas is before entering the absorber cooled so as to provide the necessary conditions for the absorption of carbon dioxide conditions.
  • the entry of water into the separation process is significantly higher if one does not use a flue gas cooler, thanks to the regulation of the water balance via the cleaning device or via the corresponding water return from the cleaning device into the deposition process, the additional input can be compensated.
  • the vapor stream is removed at the top of the desorber.
  • the concentration of degradation and degradation products is greatest in the gas phase of the desorber due to the prevailing temperatures, a substantially complete removal of the amines from the desorber and thus finally from the washing medium can be achieved.
  • the precursors of nitrosamines, especially the methylamine as a precursor of Dimethylnitrosamins removed and thus prevents their formation.
  • the purified in the cleaning device of Degradations located in the desorber.
  • the condensate which is substantially purified water, can be recycled either completely or only partially, the amount of recycled condensate depending on the adjusted water balance in the deposition process and can be adjusted according to water demand accordingly.
  • the degradation products separated in the cleaning device are supplied to a utilization device.
  • the separated degradation products are essentially the volatile amines separated off from the condensate and, in particular, the methylamine. Thanks to their biodegradability, the amines, for example, can be easily fed to a biological treatment plant and thus essentially completely removed from the process.
  • a heat exchanger is used as a cooling device.
  • the vapor stream withdrawn from the desorber is cooled and condensed, so that the condensate can be supplied to the cleaning device completely or partially.
  • the carbon dioxide can be separated from the condensate at this point and, for example, fed to a treatment device.
  • a washing column is used as the cooling device.
  • a scrubbing column as a cooling device is an aminselektive supplement to the well-known reclaimer. It allows a particularly favorable cooling of moist gas, so here of wet carbon dioxide, which has a direct effect on the investment costs in the operation of a corresponding separator for carbon dioxide.
  • the scrubbing column is expediently operated with acidic water, so that condensate entering the scrubber is already sufficiently acidified.
  • effluent from the desorber wash medium is returned to the absorber.
  • the scrubbing medium purified in the desorber of carbon dioxide can be supplied to the absorber.
  • the washing medium is then available again for the absorption of carbon dioxide.
  • an amino acid salt is used as the washing medium.
  • An aqueous amino acid salt solution is useful here.
  • the use of an aqueous amino acid salt solution in particular is suitable here, since an amino acid salt has a negligible vapor pressure and does not evaporate even at high temperatures. As a result, in particular unwanted emissions to the atmosphere are avoided and in addition prevents a reduction in the concentration of the active component of the washing medium.
  • an amino acid salt having a carbon substituent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl, a hydroxyalkyl and an aminoalkyl.
  • an amino acid salt having a nitrogen substituent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl, a hydroxyalkyl and a haloalkyl is used.
  • a single amino acid salt such as a potassium salt of glycine or other amino acids may be employed.
  • mixtures of different amino acid salts can be used as the absorbent.
  • the amino acid salt is a salt of a metal, especially an alkali metal.
  • the second object of the invention is achieved by a separation device for carbon dioxide from a gas stream, in particular from a flue gas stream, comprising an absorber for separating carbon dioxide from the gas stream by means of a washing medium, and a fluidically coupled to the absorber desorber for releasing absorbed in the washing medium Carbon dioxide, wherein the desorber a fluidic device for forming condensate is connected, and wherein the cooling device, a cleaning device is fluidly connected, which is set up and formed for the removal of degradation products from the condensate formed in the cooling device by means of a reverse osmosis.
  • a separation device allows a targeted removal of degradation products formed in a washing medium and thus a reduction in the formation of harmful nitrosamines.
  • an intervention in the H 2 O-balance and a corresponding operation of the absorber of the separator at colder temperatures is possible, whereby for the absorption of carbon dioxide in the washing medium improved conditions are created.
  • the condensate is expediently formed from a vapor stream which can be removed from the desorber. Since in the gas phase at the top of the desorber, the concentration of degradation and degradation products is greatest, a discharge line for the removable vapor stream is advantageously connected to the head of the desorber.
  • the cleaning device is expediently coupled via a return line in terms of flow with a supply line of the desorber.
  • the condensate purified from degradation products can be returned either partially or completely to the desorber and thus the separation process.
  • the cleaning device is connected to a discharge line, which opens into a utilization device.
  • the degradation products can be biodegraded.
  • a heat exchanger is used as the cooling device, by means of which a vapor stream removed from the desorber can be condensed.
  • a particularly favorable and effective way of condensing a vapor stream is useful when a washing column is used as the cooling device.
  • the desorber is fluidly coupled via a return line to a supply line of the absorber, so that the purified in the desorber of carbon dioxide washing medium supplied to the absorber and can be reused within the absorber for the absorption of carbon dioxide.
  • the cooling device is connected to a discharge line, which opens into a treatment device.
  • a CO 2 -rich gas stream can be compressed, for example, to enable transport to a storage site.
  • an amino acid salt has a negligible vapor pressure and does not evaporate even at high temperatures
  • such an amino acid salt in particular in the form of an aqueous amino acid salt solution, is expediently used as the washing medium.
  • the amino acid salt used in the present case as the washing medium has an extremely low vapor pressure. Nevertheless, a small part of the degradation or degradation products consist of highly volatile methylamine, which can serve as a precursor for the formation of eg dimethylamine.
  • the dimethylamine in turn can form the emission-relevant dimethylnitrosamine by reaction with NO x from the flue gas, which is supplied to the absorber 3 via the feed line 5.
  • a vapor stream is withdrawn at the head 11 of the desorber 9 via a discharge line 13.
  • the vapor stream contains essentially water, carbon dioxide and the corresponding amines and is fed to a cooling device 15 designed as a scrubbing column.
  • the vapor stream is condensed and the gaseous carbon dioxide is fed via a discharge line 17 to a treatment device 19.
  • the wash column 15 is operated with acidified water and provides a condensate having a pH of about 6 ready.
  • the condensate which consists essentially of water and of a small proportion of methylamines, as well as of a small amount of carbonic acid, is removed from the scrubbing column 15 via a discharge line 21 designed as a condensate line and via a branch line 23 of a cleaning device 25 supplied.
  • the supply of condensate to the cleaning device 25 takes place here completely.
  • the cleaning device 25 is presently designed as a reverse osmosis system.
  • reverse osmosis volatile amines are removed from the condensate, resulting in a small product stream of separated degradation products.
  • the degradation products essentially methylamine and ammonia, are fed via a discharge line 27 to a utilization device 29 designed as a biological treatment plant where it is degraded accordingly.
  • the purified condensate stream which now contains substantially only purified water, is partially fed to the desorber 9 via a return line 31.
  • the return line 31 of the cleaning device 25 is fluidically coupled to a supply line 33 of the desorber 9.
  • the amount of recirculated water here is basically pending from the water balance of the deposition process and can be adjusted accordingly.
  • the desorber 9 is fluidly coupled via a return line 35 with a feed line 37 of the absorber 3.
  • the cleaned of carbon dioxide washing medium can be supplied to the absorber 3 and used there again for the absorption of carbon dioxide.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section of another separator 51 for carbon dioxide from a flue gas stream.
  • the separator 51 also includes an absorber for separating carbon dioxide from the flue gas stream by means of an aqueous solution of an amino acid salt. The absorber is not visible due to the detail shown here.
  • the scrubbing medium which is discharged from the absorber and charged with carbon dioxide, is supplied in the present case via two supply lines 53, 55 to a desorber 57 connected in terms of flow with the absorber.
  • a desorber 57 is the in the Wash medium absorbed carbon dioxide released by temperature increase.
  • a vapor stream is withdrawn to prevent the formation of nitrosamines on the head 59 of the desorber 57 via a discharge line 61, which contains water, carbon dioxide and the corresponding amines formed in the washing medium.
  • the vapor stream is fed to a cooling device 63 designed as a heat exchanger.
  • the cooling device 63 the vapor stream is condensed and the gaseous carbon dioxide is fed via a discharge line 65 to a treatment device 67.
  • the condensate which in the present case consists essentially of water and a small proportion of methylamines and of a small amount of carbonic acid, is taken from the heat exchanger 63 via a discharge line 69 designed as a condensate line and fed via a branch line 71 to a cleaning device 73 designed as an ion exchanger ,
  • the supply takes place only partially, so it is only a small part of the effluent from the heat exchanger 63 condensate of the cleaning device 73 is supplied.
  • the condensate is cleaned of degradation products.
  • the resulting product stream of separated degradation products is fed via a discharge line 75 to a utilization device 77, in the present case a biological wastewater treatment plant, where it is correspondingly reduced.
  • the purified condensate stream is completely fed to the desorber 77 via a return line 79.
  • the return line 79 of the cleaning device 73 is fluidly coupled to a supply line 81 of the desorber 57.
  • the desorber 57 is also in the present case via a return line fluidically with a supply line the absorber coupled, which is not shown due to the representation.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Abscheidung von Kohlendioxid aus einem Gasstrom, insbesondere aus einem Rauchgasstrom. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung eine Abscheidevorrichtung für Kohlendioxid aus einem Gasstrom, insbesondere aus einem Rauchgasstrom.The invention relates to a method for the separation of carbon dioxide from a gas stream, in particular from a flue gas stream. Furthermore, the invention relates to a separator for carbon dioxide from a gas stream, in particular from a flue gas stream.

Vor dem Hintergrund der klimatischen Veränderungen ist es ein globales Ziel, die Emission von Schadstoffen in die Atmosphäre zu verringern. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Emission von Kohlendioxid (CO2), welches sich in der Atmosphäre ansammelt, die Wärmeabstrahlung der Erde behindert und so als Treibhauseffekt zu einer Erhöhung der Erdoberflächentemperatur führt.Against the background of climatic changes, it is a global goal to reduce the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere. This applies in particular to the emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which accumulates in the atmosphere, hampers the heat radiation of the earth and thus leads to an increase in the Earth's surface temperature as a greenhouse effect.

Besonders bei fossilbefeuerten Kraftwerksanlagen zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie entsteht durch die Verbrennung eines fossilen Brennstoffes ein kohlendioxidhaltiges Rauchgas. Zur Vermeidung bzw. zur Verringerung von Kohlendioxid- Emissionen in die Atmosphäre muss das Kohlendioxid aus dem Rauchgas abgetrennt werden. Entsprechend werden insbesondere bei bestehenden fossilbefeuerten Kraftwerken geeignete Maßnahmen diskutiert, um nach der Verbrennung das entstandene Kohlendioxid aus dem Abgas abzutrennen (Post-Combustion-Capture).Particularly in fossil-fired power plants for the production of electrical energy, the combustion of a fossil fuel produces a carbon dioxide-containing flue gas. To avoid or reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, the carbon dioxide must be separated from the flue gas. Correspondingly, suitable measures are being discussed especially for existing fossil-fired power plants in order to separate the resulting carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas after combustion (post-combustion capture).

Als eine technische Realisierung wird hierzu im Rauchgas enthaltenes Kohlendioxid nach der Verbrennung durch einen Absorptions-Desorptions-Prozess mittels eines Waschmediums bzw. eines Absorptionsmittels aus dem jeweiligen Gasstrom herausgewaschen. Hierzu werden häufig aminhaltige Waschmedien eingesetzt, die eine gute Selektivität und eine hohe Kapazität für Kohlendioxid zeigen.As a technical realization, carbon dioxide contained in the flue gas for this purpose is washed out after the combustion by an absorption-desorption process by means of a washing medium or an absorbent from the respective gas stream. For this purpose, amine-containing wash media are frequently used, which show good selectivity and high capacity for carbon dioxide.

Allerdings neigen diese aminbasierten Waschmedien durch Einwirkung von im Rauchgas als Nebenbestandteil enthaltenen Stickoxiden (NOx) zum Aufbau von Nitrosaminen. Im Fall nichtflüchtiger als Waschmedien eingesetzter Amine wie Aminosäuresalzlösungen sind die gegebenenfalls entstehenden Nitrosamine ebenfalls nicht flüchtig und somit nicht emissionsrelevant. Jedoch können geringe Mengen flüchtiger Amine als thermische und oxidative Abbauprodukte entstehen (insbesondere Methylamin) und somit trotzdem geringe Mengen emissionsrelevanter Komponenten auf niedrigem Niveau erzeugenHowever, these amine-based washing media tend to build up nitrosamines by the action of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) contained as a secondary component in the flue gas. In the case of nonvolatile amines used as washing media, such as amino acid salt solutions, the nitrosamines which may be formed are likewise non-volatile and thus not emission-relevant. However, small amounts of volatile amines can arise as thermal and oxidative degradation products (especially methylamine) and thus still produce low levels of emission-relevant components at a low level

Die Amine und/oder die entsprechend als Folgeprodukt gebildeten Nitrosamine reichern sich solange im Waschmedium an, bis sich ein stabiles Gleichgewicht zwischen der Bildungsrate der Zerfallsprodukte bzw. der Zerfallsfolgeprodukte (insgesamt Degradationsprodukte) sowie deren Ausschleusung aus dem Prozess einstellt. Die Degradationsprodukte konzentrieren sich mit der Zeit im Abscheideprozess auf. Aufgrund der hohen in den Abscheideprozess eingetragenen Rauchgasmengen und der Aufkonzentrierung der Degradationsprodukte kann es hierbei zu einem Austrag dieser Komponenten in die Atmosphäre kommen. Diese Emissionen in die Umwelt gilt es zu verhindern.The amines and / or nitrosamines formed as a by-product accumulate in the washing medium until a stable equilibrium is established between the rate of formation of the decomposition products or of the decomposition products (total degradation products) and their discharge from the process. The degradation products concentrate with time in the deposition process. Due to the high amount of flue gas introduced into the separation process and the concentration of the degradation products, this component may be discharged into the atmosphere. These emissions into the environment must be prevented.

Entsprechend wird mittlerweile auf Waschmedien zurückgegriffen, bei denen als Aktivkomponente ein Aminosäuresalz eingesetzt ist. Aminosäuresalze haben den Vorteil, dass sie keinen nennenswerten Dampfdruck haben, so dass ein Austrag aus dem Absorber vermieden werden kann. Allerdings kann auch bei dem Einsatz eines Waschmediums mit einem Aminosäuresalz als Aktivkomponente eine Degradation des Waschmediums nicht verhindert werden.Accordingly, recourse is now being made to washing media in which an amino acid salt is used as the active component. Amino acid salts have the advantage that they have no appreciable vapor pressure, so that a discharge from the absorber can be avoided. However, even with the use of a washing medium with an amino acid salt as an active component, a degradation of the washing medium can not be prevented.

Zwar sind die Abbauprodukte von Waschmedien mit Aminosäuresalzen großteils wieder salzförmige Komponenten, die ebenfalls keinen nennenswerten Dampfdruck haben. Allerdings kann auch bei aminosäuresalzhaltigen Waschmedien ein geringer Teil der Degradations- bzw. Abbauprodukte aus Ammoniak und leicht flüchtigen Aminen bestehen, wie z.B. Methylamin. Methylamin dient als Vorläufer für die Bildung von Dimethylamin, welches wiederum durch Reaktion mit NOx das emissionsrelevante Dimethylnitrosamin bildet. Das Nitrosamin, sowie auch weitere enthaltene Amine reichern sich im Waschmedium an und werden über das von Kohlendioxid gereinigte Rauchgas über den Absorber mit in die Atmosphäre ausgetragen.
Um diese Amine und Nitrosamine kontrolliert zu entfernen, ist bislang der Einsatz eines sogenannten Reclaimers üblich, der lösliche Verunreinigungen wie Amine aus dem Waschmedium ausschleust. Allerdings ist eine dadurch erreichte Vermeidung unzulässiger Emissionen flüchtiger Komponenten nur durch einen unerwünschten Verlust an Waschmedium zu erreichen.
Um dies zu umgehen, kann beispielsweise eine Reinigungsvorrichtung für das aus dem Absorber ausgetragene Gas eingesetzt werden. Eine solche dem Absorber nachgeschaltete Reinigungsvorrichtung ist allerdings mit hohen Investitionskosten und baulichem Aufwand verbunden.
Als weitere Alternative kann zusätzlich zum Reclaimer eine Reinigungsvorrichtung eingesetzt werden, die dem Desorber nachgeschaltet ist. Hierzu ist aus der WO 2013/023918 , auf der jeweils der Oberbegriff der unabhängigen Ansprüche beruht, ein Verfahren bekannt, bei welchem leicht flüchtige Degradationsprodukte aus einem Absorptionsmittelkreislauf eines CO2- Abscheideprozesses abgetrennt werden. Hierzu wird ein Kondensat aus einem dem Desorber nachgeschalteten Kondensator einer Reinigungsvorrichtung zugeführt, in welcher die Reinigung des Kondensats von den enthaltenen Degradationsprodukten destillativ oder mittels eines Aktivkohlewäschers erfolgt. Ein solches Verfahren ist unter bestimmten Randbedingungen leider nicht wirtschaftlich durchführbar. Als Reinigungsvorrichtungen sind aus EP 2 559 473 A1 und US 5 292 407 A auch Mittel zur UV-Bestrahlung bzw. zum Ionenaustausch bekannt. Es ist demnach eine erste Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Abscheidung von Kohlendioxid aus einem Gasstrom anzugeben, welches unter Erhalt der Kapazität des eingesetzten Waschmediums eine kontrollierte und kostengünstig umsetzbare Entfernung von Degradationsprodukten aus einem Waschmedium ermöglicht und gleichzeitig eine mögliche Emission der Degradationsprodukte in die Atmosphäre verhindert oder möglichst deutlich verringert.
Eine zweite Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Abscheidevorrichtung für Kohlendioxid aus einem Gasstrom anzugeben, mit welcher ein entsprechendes Verfahren durchführbar ist.
Die erste Aufgabe der Erfindung wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Abscheidung von Kohlendioxid aus einem Gasstrom, insbesondere aus einem Rauchgasstrom, bei dem ein Gasstrom in einem Absorber einer Abscheidevorrichtung unter Abscheidung von im Gasstrom enthaltenem Kohlendioxid mit einem Waschmedium in Kontakt gebracht wird, das beladene Waschmedium zum Freisetzen des Kohlendioxids einem Desorber der Abscheidevorrichtung zugeführt wird, dem Desorber ein Dampfstrom entnommen und zur Bildung eines Kondensat einer Kühlvorrichtung zugeführt wird, und das in der Kühlvorrichtung gebildete Kondensat zumindest teilweise einer Reinigungsvorrichtung zugeführt wird, in der im Kondensat enthaltene Degradationsprodukte mittels einer Umkehrosmose entfernt werden.
Die Erfindung geht hierbei von der Tatsache aus, dass sich auch bei dem Einsatz eines Waschmediums mit vernachlässigbar geringem Dampfdruck der jeweiligen Aktivkomponente durch thermischen oder oxidativen Zerfall Degradationsprodukte bilden. Hierbei liegt ein Augenmerk insbesondere auf der Bildung von Ammoniak und leicht flüchtigen Aminen, die als Vorläufer für die Bildung umweltschädigender Nitrosamine dienen. Entsprechend müssen die Amine aus dem Waschmedium entfernt werden, um eine Bildung der Nitrosamine und deren Emissionen in die Atmosphäre zu verhindern.
Zwar kann durch gängige Reclaimer eine Verringerung eventuell auftretender Amin- bzw. Nitrosaminemission ermöglicht werden. Dies ist allerdings nur durch einen unerwünschten Verlust an Waschmedium zu erreichen.-
Zusätzlich zu einem solchen Reclaimer eingesetzte Reinigungsvorrichtungen sind nur bedingt geeignet, die Voraussetzungen für eine wirtschaftliche und leicht integrierbare Reinigung des in einem Abscheideprozess eingesetzten Waschmediums zu ermöglichen.
Unter Berücksichtigung der vorbeschriebene Problematik erkennt die Erfindung, dass Degradationsprodukte dann effektiv und wirtschaftlich aus dem Waschmedium entfernt werden können, wenn das aufzubereitende Kondensat einer Reinigungsvorrichtung zugeführt wird, in der die im Kondensat enthaltenen Degradationsprodukte mittels einer Umkehrosmose entfernt werden.
Bei diesem Verfahren wird dem Desorber ein Dampfstrom entnommen, der einer Kühlvorrichtung zugeführt wird. Der Dampfstrom enthält im Wesentlichen Kohlendioxid, Wasser und die im Waschmedium gebildeten flüchtigen Amine. Der Dampfstrom wird der Kühlvorrichtung zugeführt und dort kondensiert. Das Kondensat, welches im Wesentlichen aus Wasser, einem kleinen Anteil Kohlensäure (H2CO3), sowie einem kleinen Anteil Ammoniak und kondensierten Aminen, besonders Methylamin, besteht, wird schließlich der oder jeder Reinigungsvorrichtung zugeführt. Hierbei kann die Zufuhr des Kondensats zur Reinigungsvorrichtung entweder vollständig oder partiell erfolgen.
Durch den Einsatz einer Reinigungsvorrichtung, in der im Kondensat enthaltene Degradationsprodukte mittels Umkehrosmose entfernt werden, werden die Amin-Verunreinigungen gezielt aus dem Prozess ausgeschleust. Insbesondere das im Kondensat enthaltene Methylamin, also der Vorläufer für die Bildung des flüchtigen Dimethylnitrosamins, kann so entfernt werden.
Auch Verluste des Waschmediums, wie sie beim Betrieb des Reclaimers unvermeidbar sind, werden minimiert. Bei gleicher Degradationsrate kann so entweder der Durchsatz durch den Reclaimer reduziert oder, bei gleicher Leistung des Reclaimers, die Emissionen flüchtiger Degradationsprodukte weiter herabgesetzt werden.
Die Umkehrosmose ist hierbei entweder gemeinsam mit einem Ionentauscher oder als alleiniges Verfahren zur Reinigung des Kondensats einsetzbar. Bei einem gemeinsamen Einsatz einer Umkehrosmose mit einem Ionentauscher erfolgen beide Verfahrensschritte zweckmäßigerweise hintereinander. Die Reihenfolge ist hierbei dem Verfahren und der zur Durchführung des Verfahrens eingesetzten Anlage entsprechend wählbar.
Das verunreinigte Kondensat kann durch eine Umkehrosmose preiswert und einfach aufgereinigt werden. Eine Umkehrosmose ist ein Filtrationsverfahren, welches eine Ausfilterung von ionischen Verunreinigungen im Molekularbereich ermöglicht. Hierbei wird die verunreinigte Flüssigkeit, vorliegend das zu reinigende Kondensat, gegen ein Filtermedium gepresst. Die Verunreinigungen bleiben vor dem Filter zurück und das Kondensat dringt durch das Filtermedium hindurch. Als Filtermedium dient eine halbdurchlässige Membran. Bei der Umkehrosmose entstehen lediglich ein kleiner aufkonzentrierter Strom an Verunreinigungen und ein großer Strom an reinem Wasser. Das saubere Wasser kann hierbei beispielsweise in den Prozess zurückgeführt werden, wohingegen der verunreinigte Strom beispielsweise einer Biokläranlage zugeführt werden kann.
Auch der Einsatz eines Ionentauschers zusätzlich zur Umkehrosmose - ermöglicht eine einfache Reinigung des Kondensats. Bei einem Ionentauscher werden Materialien eingesetzt, mit denen gelöste Ionen durch andere Ionen gleichnamiger Ladung ersetzt werden können. Als Ionentauscher kann beispielsweise eine mit einem Ionenaustauschermaterial befüllte Säule oder eine Membran eingesetzt werden, die jeweils von der zu behandelnden Lösung, also vorliegend dem zu reinigenden Kondensat, durchströmt wird. Die auszutauschenden Ionen werden am Ionenaustauschermaterial gebunden, das seinerseits dafür eine äquivalente Stoffmenge von vorher gebundenen Ionen in die Lösung abgibt.
Das zu reinigende Kondensat ist hierbei insbesondere nur ein kleiner Teilstrom des gesamten Waschmediums, so dass die Reinigungsvorrichtung wesentlich kleiner ausgestaltet werden kann, als eine Reinigungsvorrichtung, deren Kapazität der Aufnahme von Waschmedium aus dem gesamten Abscheideprozess gerecht werden muss. Weiterhin ist die Aufreinigung des Kondensats besonders effektiv umsetzbar, da die Degradationsprodukte in dem Kondensat aufkonzentriert sind.
Although the degradation products of washing media with amino acid salts are largely salt-like components again, which also have no appreciable vapor pressure. However, even with aminic acid salt-containing washing media, a small part of the degradation or degradation products of ammonia and volatile amines exist, such as methylamine. methylamine serves as a precursor for the formation of dimethylamine, which in turn forms the emission-relevant dimethylnitrosamine by reaction with NO x . The nitrosamine, as well as other amines contained accumulate in the washing medium and are discharged through the cleaned of carbon dioxide flue gas through the absorber into the atmosphere.
In order to remove these amines and nitrosamines controlled, so far the use of a so-called reclaimer is common, which discharges soluble impurities such as amines from the washing medium. However, the avoidance of inadmissible emissions of volatile components that can be achieved is only possible through an undesirable loss of washing medium.
To circumvent this, for example, a cleaning device for the gas discharged from the absorber can be used. However, such a downstream of the absorber cleaning device is associated with high investment costs and construction costs.
As a further alternative, in addition to the reclaimer a cleaning device can be used, which is connected downstream of the desorber. This is from the WO 2013/023918 , on each of which the preamble of the independent claims is based, a method is known in which highly volatile degradation products are separated from an absorbent cycle of a CO 2 - deposition process. For this purpose, a condensate from a desorber downstream condenser of a cleaning device is supplied, in which the purification of the condensate is carried out by the degradation products contained by distillation or by means of an activated carbon scrubber. Unfortunately, such a procedure is not economically feasible under certain circumstances. As cleaning devices are off EP 2 559 473 A1 and US 5 292 407 A Also known means for UV irradiation or ion exchange. It is therefore a first object of the invention to provide a method for the separation of carbon dioxide from a gas stream, which, while maintaining the capacity of the washing medium used, a controlled and economically feasible removal of degradation products from a washing medium allows and at the same time prevents possible emission of the degradation products into the atmosphere or reduced as much as possible.
A second object of the invention is to provide a separator for carbon dioxide from a gas stream, with which a corresponding method can be carried out.
The first object of the invention is achieved by a method for the separation of carbon dioxide from a gas stream, in particular from a flue gas stream in which a gas stream is brought into contact with a washing medium in an absorber of a separation device with deposition of carbon dioxide contained in the gas stream, the loaded Washing medium for releasing the carbon dioxide is fed to a desorber of the separator, the desorber is withdrawn and fed to form a condensate a cooling device, and the condensate formed in the cooling device is at least partially supplied to a cleaning device in the condensate contained in the degradation products by means of a reverse osmosis be removed.
The invention is based on the fact that even with the use of a washing medium with negligible vapor pressure of the respective active component by thermal or oxidative decomposition form degradation products. Particular attention is paid here to the formation of ammonia and volatile amines, which serve as precursors for the formation of environmentally harmful nitrosamines. Accordingly, the amines must be removed from the wash medium to prevent formation of nitrosamines and their emissions to the atmosphere.
It is indeed possible to reduce the occurrence of amine or nitrosamine emissions by means of common reclaimers. However, this can only be achieved by an undesirable loss of washing medium.
In addition to such a reclaimer used cleaning devices are only partially suitable to enable the conditions for an economic and easily integrable cleaning of the washing medium used in a deposition process.
Taking into account the problem described above, the invention recognizes that degradation products can be effectively and economically removed from the washing medium when the condensate to be treated is supplied to a cleaning device in which the degradation products contained in the condensate are removed by means of reverse osmosis.
In this method, a vapor stream is taken from the desorber, which is fed to a cooling device. The vapor stream essentially contains carbon dioxide, water and the volatile amines formed in the washing medium. The vapor stream is fed to the cooling device and condensed there. The condensate, which consists essentially of water, a small proportion of carbon dioxide (H 2 CO 3 ), and a small proportion of ammonia and condensed amines, especially methylamine, is finally fed to the or each cleaning device. In this case, the supply of condensate to the cleaning device can be done either completely or partially.
By using a cleaning device in which the degradation products contained in the condensate are removed by means of reverse osmosis, the amine impurities are purposely discharged from the process. In particular, the methylamine contained in the condensate, ie the precursor for the formation of the volatile dimethylnitrosamine, can be removed in this way.
Even losses of the washing medium, as they are unavoidable in the operation of the reclaimer are minimized. At the same degradation rate, either the throughput through the Reclaimer reduced or, with the same performance of the reclaimer, the emissions of volatile degradation products are further reduced.
The reverse osmosis can be used either together with an ion exchanger or as the sole method for the purification of the condensate. In a common use of a reverse osmosis with an ion exchanger, both process steps are expediently carried out in succession. The order hereby can be selected according to the method and the system used to carry out the method.
The contaminated condensate can be inexpensively and easily purified by reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis is a filtration process that allows the filtration of ionic impurities in the molecular range. Here, the contaminated liquid, in this case the condensate to be cleaned, pressed against a filter medium. The impurities remain in front of the filter and the condensate penetrates through the filter medium. The filter medium is a semipermeable membrane. Reverse osmosis produces only a small concentrated stream of contaminants and a large stream of pure water. The clean water can in this case be recycled, for example, in the process, whereas the contaminated stream can be supplied, for example, a biological treatment plant.
The use of an ion exchanger in addition to reverse osmosis - allows for easy cleaning of the condensate. In an ion exchanger, materials are used with which dissolved ions can be replaced by other ions of the same name. As an ion exchanger, for example, a column filled with an ion exchange material or a membrane can be used, which in each case flows through the solution to be treated, in the present case the condensate to be purified. The ions to be exchanged are bound to the ion exchange material, which in turn for this purpose, emit an equivalent amount of previously bound ions into the solution.
The condensate to be cleaned here is in particular only a small partial flow of the entire washing medium, so that the cleaning device can be designed substantially smaller than a cleaning device whose capacity of receiving washing medium from the entire deposition process must be fair. Furthermore, the purification of the condensate is particularly effective to implement, since the degradation products are concentrated in the condensate.

Insgesamt kann durch den Einsatz einer Umkehrosmose zur Entfernung flüchtiger Degradationsprodukte aus einem Waschmedium eine Abreicherung unerwünschter Amine - insbesondere Methylamin - als Vorläufer für die Bildung potenziell gefährlicher Nitrosamine - insbesondere Dimethylnitrosamin - im Waschmedium und damit eine Vermeidung unzulässiger Emissionen erreicht werden.
Zusätzlich kann durch den Einsatz einer entsprechenden Reinigungsvorrichtung auch in den Wasserhaushalt des Abscheideprozesses eingegriffen werden. Bisher wird der Wasserhaushalt des Abscheideprozesses durch eine Veränderung der Absorbertemperatur geregelt. Hierbei senken hohe Eingangstemperaturen und ein damit verbundener hoher Wasserdampfpartialdruck den Wassergehalt des Waschmediums. Der Wasserdampf wird mit dem gereinigten Gas aus dem Absorber ausgetragen.
Zur effektiven Absorption von Kohlendioxid im Waschmedium sind allerdings niedrige Temperaturen notwendig. Bei niederen Temperaturen wird jedoch auch im Rauchgas enthaltenes Wasser im Waschmedium kondensiert und gemeinsam mit diesem in den Desorber eingetragen. Das überschüssige Wasser wird mit dem Waschmedium erst durch die im Desorber vorherrschenden hohen Temperaturen als Wasserdampf gemeinsam mit den in Waschmedium enthaltenen Aminen und dem Kohlendioxid aus dem Desorber entfernt.
Das vorliegende Verfahren ermöglicht nun, den Absorber ohne Rücksicht auf den Wasserhaushalt bei möglichst geringen Absorbertemperaturen zu betreiben. Dies wird durch eine Wasserentnahme aus der Reinigungsvorrichtung - also der Umkehrosmose - erreicht, mittels derer eine Verringerung der Wassermenge im Abscheideprozess energetisch günstiger umgesetzt werden kann, als durch überhöhte Absorbertemperaturen.
Der Absorber kann durch die externe Regelung des Wasserhaushaltes bei niedrigen Temperaturen und somit so effizient wie technisch möglich gefahren werden. Das in der Reinigungsvorrichtung gereinigte Kondensat kann je nach Bedarf vollständig oder partiell wieder dem Desorber zugeführt werden. Überschüssiges Wasser kann über die Reinigungsvorrichtung aus dem Prozess ausgeschleust werden.
Insgesamt ist somit durch ein Verfahren, welches zur Reinigung eines mit Degradationsprodukten verunreinigten Kondensats das Prinzip der Umkehrosmose, neben der gezielten Entfernung der Degradationsprodukte aus dem Waschmedium auch ein Eingriff in die Wasserbilanz des Abscheideprozesses möglich. Durch eine entsprechende Fahrweise des Absorbers bei kälteren Temperaturen werden hierbei die Bedingungen für die Absorption von Kohlendioxid im Waschmedium verbessert. Hierdurch können Betriebskosten bei der Abscheidung von Kohlendioxid eingespart werden.
Auch ermöglicht der Einsatz einer entsprechenden Reinigungsvorrichtung grundsätzlich den Verzicht auf einen sogenannten Rauchgaskühler, der üblicherweise einem Absorber einer Abscheidevorrichtung vorgeschaltet ist. Mit anderen Worten wird das Rauchgas dem Absorber der Abscheidevorrichtung vorteilhafterweise im Wesentlichen ungekühlt zugeführt. In einem Rauchgaskühler wird das Rauchgas vor dem Eintritt in den Absorber abgekühlt, um so die für die Absorption von Kohlendioxid notwendigen Bedingungen zu schaffen. Zwar ist der Wassereintrag in den Abscheideprozess bei Verzicht auf einen Rauchgaskühler deutlich höher, dank der Regelung des Wasserhaushalts über die Reinigungsvorrichtung bzw. über die entsprechende Wasserrückführung aus der Reinigungsvorrichtung in den Abscheideprozess, kann der Mehreintrag ausgeglichen werden.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird der Dampfstrom am Kopf des Desorbers entnommen. Da in der Gasphase des Desorbers aufgrund der dort vorherrschenden Temperaturen die Konzentration von Abbau- und Degradationsprodukten am größten ist, kann so eine im Wesentlichen vollständige Entfernung der Amine aus dem Desorber und damit abschließend aus dem Waschmedium erreicht werden. So werden die Vorläufer der Nitrosamine, insbesondere das Methylamin als Vorläufer des Dimethylnitrosamins, entfernt und damit deren Bildung verhindert.
Weiter bevorzugt wird das in der Reinigungsvorrichtung von Degradationsprodukten gereinigte Kondensat in den Desorber zurückgeführt. Das Kondensat, das im Wesentlichen gereinigtes Wasser ist, kann entweder vollständig oder nur partiell zurückgeführt werden, wobei die Menge des zurückgeführten Kondensats abhängig vom einzustellenden Wasserhaushalt im Abscheideprozess ist und je nach Wasserbedarf entsprechend angepasst werden kann.
Zweckmäßigerweise werden die in der Reinigungsvorrichtung abgetrennten Degradationsprodukte einer Verwertungseinrichtung zugeführt. Bei den abgetrennten Degradationsprodukten handelt es sich im Wesentlichen um die aus dem Kondensat abgetrennten flüchtigen Amine und hierbei insbesondere um das Methylamin. Die Amine können dank ihrer biologischen Abbaubarkeit beispielsweise problemlos einer Biokläranlage zugeführt und so im Wesentlichen vollständig aus dem Prozess entfernt werden.
Overall, the use of a reverse osmosis to remove volatile degradation products from a washing medium depletion of undesirable amines - especially methylamine - as precursors for the formation of potentially dangerous nitrosamines - especially dimethylnitrosamine - in the washing medium and thus avoiding unacceptable emissions can be achieved.
In addition, intervention in the water balance of the separation process can be achieved by using a suitable cleaning device. So far, the water balance of the deposition process is regulated by a change in the absorber temperature. In this case, high inlet temperatures and a high water vapor partial pressure associated therewith reduce the water content of the washing medium. The water vapor is discharged with the purified gas from the absorber.
For the effective absorption of carbon dioxide in the washing medium, however, low temperatures are necessary. At low temperatures, however, water contained in the flue gas is condensed in the washing medium and added together with this in the desorber. The excess water is combined with the washing medium only by the prevailing in the desorber high temperatures as water vapor together with those in the washing medium contained amines and the carbon dioxide removed from the desorber.
The present method now makes it possible to operate the absorber at the lowest possible absorber temperatures, regardless of the water balance. This is achieved by a removal of water from the cleaning device - ie the reverse osmosis - by means of which a reduction in the amount of water in the deposition process can be implemented energetically cheaper than by excessive absorber temperatures.
The absorber can be operated by the external control of the water balance at low temperatures and thus as efficiently as technically possible. The purified in the cleaning device condensate can be completely or partially returned to the desorber as needed. Excess water can be removed from the process via the cleaning device.
Overall, therefore, by a method which, for the purification of a condensate contaminated with degradation condensate, the principle of reverse osmosis, in addition to the targeted removal of the degradation products from the wash medium, an intervention in the water balance of the deposition process possible. By a corresponding procedure of the absorber at colder temperatures, the conditions for the absorption of carbon dioxide in the washing medium are improved. As a result, operating costs can be saved in the deposition of carbon dioxide.
The use of a corresponding cleaning device basically also makes it possible to dispense with a so-called flue gas cooler, which is usually connected upstream of an absorber of a separation device. In other words, the flue gas is advantageously supplied to the absorber of the separating device essentially without cooling. In a flue gas cooler, the flue gas is before entering the absorber cooled so as to provide the necessary conditions for the absorption of carbon dioxide conditions. Although the entry of water into the separation process is significantly higher if one does not use a flue gas cooler, thanks to the regulation of the water balance via the cleaning device or via the corresponding water return from the cleaning device into the deposition process, the additional input can be compensated.
In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the vapor stream is removed at the top of the desorber. Since the concentration of degradation and degradation products is greatest in the gas phase of the desorber due to the prevailing temperatures, a substantially complete removal of the amines from the desorber and thus finally from the washing medium can be achieved. Thus, the precursors of nitrosamines, especially the methylamine as a precursor of Dimethylnitrosamins removed and thus prevents their formation.
More preferably, the purified in the cleaning device of Degradationsprodukten condensate is returned to the desorber. The condensate, which is substantially purified water, can be recycled either completely or only partially, the amount of recycled condensate depending on the adjusted water balance in the deposition process and can be adjusted according to water demand accordingly.
Conveniently, the degradation products separated in the cleaning device are supplied to a utilization device. The separated degradation products are essentially the volatile amines separated off from the condensate and, in particular, the methylamine. Thanks to their biodegradability, the amines, for example, can be easily fed to a biological treatment plant and thus essentially completely removed from the process.

In einer weiter vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung wird als Kühlvorrichtung ein Wärmetauscher eingesetzt. In dem Wärmetauscher wird der vom Desorber abgezogene Dampfstrom abgekühlt und kondensiert, so dass das Kondensat - vollständig oder partiell - der Reinigungsvorrichtung zugeführt werden kann. Das Kohlendioxid kann an dieser Stelle aus dem Kondensat abgetrennt werden und beispielsweise einer Aufbereitungseinrichtung zugeführt werden. Um die Reinigung eines Kondensats aus einem Wärmetauscher zu begünstigen, ist es zweckmäßig, das Kondensat vor der Einleitung in die Reinigungsvorrichtung leicht durch Zugabe einer entsprechenden Menge an Säure (bspw. H2SO4) anzusäuern, wobei ein pH-Wert ≤ 6 besonders vorteilhaft ist.In a further advantageous embodiment, a heat exchanger is used as a cooling device. In the heat exchanger, the vapor stream withdrawn from the desorber is cooled and condensed, so that the condensate can be supplied to the cleaning device completely or partially. The carbon dioxide can be separated from the condensate at this point and, for example, fed to a treatment device. In order to facilitate the purification of a condensate from a heat exchanger, it is expedient to slightly acidify the condensate before it is introduced into the purification device by adding an appropriate amount of acid (eg H 2 SO 4 ), wherein a pH ≦ 6 is particularly advantageous is.

Besonders von Vorteil ist es, wenn als Kühlvorrichtung eine Waschkolonne eingesetzt wird. Eine Waschkolonne als Kühlvorrichtung stellt eine aminselektive Ergänzung zu dem bekannten Reclaimer dar. Sie ermöglicht eine besonders günstige Kühlung von feuchtem Gas, also vorliegend von feuchtem Kohlendioxid, was sich unmittelbar auf die Investitionskosten beim Betrieb einer entsprechenden Abscheidevorrichtung für Kohlendioxid auswirkt. Die Waschkolonne wird zweckmäßigerweise mit saurem Wasser betrieben, so dass in die Reinigungsvorrichtung eintretendes Kondensat bereits ausreichend angesäuert ist.It is particularly advantageous if a washing column is used as the cooling device. A scrubbing column as a cooling device is an aminselektive supplement to the well-known reclaimer. It allows a particularly favorable cooling of moist gas, so here of wet carbon dioxide, which has a direct effect on the investment costs in the operation of a corresponding separator for carbon dioxide. The scrubbing column is expediently operated with acidic water, so that condensate entering the scrubber is already sufficiently acidified.

Zweckmäßigerweise wird vom Desorber abfließendes Waschmedium zum Absorber zurückgeführt. So kann das in dem Desorber von Kohlendioxid gereinigte Waschmedium dem Absorber zugeführt werden. Innerhalb des Absorbers steht das Waschmedium dann erneut zur Absorption von Kohlendioxid zur Verfügung.Conveniently, effluent from the desorber wash medium is returned to the absorber. Thus, the scrubbing medium purified in the desorber of carbon dioxide can be supplied to the absorber. Within the absorber, the washing medium is then available again for the absorption of carbon dioxide.

Bevorzugt wird als Waschmedium ein Aminosäuresalz eingesetzt. Eine wässrige Aminosäuresalzlösung ist hierbei zweckmäßig. Der Einsatz insbesondere einer wässrigen Aminosäuresalzlösung eignet sich hierbei, da ein Aminosäuresalz einen vernachlässigbar geringen Dampfdruck hat und auch bei hohen Temperaturen nicht verdampft. Hierdurch werden insbesondere unerwünschte Emissionen in die Atmosphäre vermieden und zusätzlich eine Verringerung der Konzentration der Aktivkomponente des Waschmediums verhindert.
Bei der Verwendung eines Aminosäuresalzes als Waschmedium ist es vorteilhaft, wenn ein Aminosäuresalz eingesetzt wird, welches einen Kohlenstoff-Substituenten aus der Gruppe aufweist, die Wasserstoff, ein Alkyl, ein Hydroxyalkyl und ein Aminoalkyl enthält. Weiter bevorzugt wird ein Aminosäuresalz eingesetzt, dass einen Stickstoff-Substituenten aus der Gruppe aufweist, die Wasserstoff, ein Alkyl, ein Hydroxyalkyl und ein Halogenalkyl enthält. Wiederum kann ein einzelnes Aminosäuresalz wie beispielsweise ein Kaliumsalz des Glycins oder andere Aminosäuren eingesetzt sein. Auch können Mischungen verschiedener Aminosäuresalze als Absorptionsmittel eingesetzt werden. Weiter bevorzugt ist das Aminosäuresalz ein Salz eines Metalls, insbesondere eines Alkalimetalls.
Die zweite Aufgabe der Erfindung wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch eine Abscheidevorrichtung für Kohlendioxid aus einem Gasstrom, insbesondere aus einem Rauchgasstrom, umfassend einen Absorber zum Abscheiden von Kohlendioxid aus dem Gasstrom mittels eines Waschmediums, sowie einen strömungstechnisch mit dem Absorber gekoppelten Desorber zum Freisetzen von im Waschmedium absorbiertem Kohlendioxid, wobei dem Desorber eine Kühlvorrichtung zur Bildung von Kondensat strömungstechnisch angeschlossen ist, und wobei der Kühlvorrichtung eine Reinigungsvorrichtung strömungstechnisch angeschlossen ist, die zur Entfernung von Degradationsprodukten aus dem in der Kühlvorrichtung gebildeten Kondensat mittels einer Umkehrosmose eingerichtet und ausgebildet ist.
Eine solche Abscheidevorrichtung ermöglicht eine gezielte Entfernung von in einem Waschmedium gebildeten Degradationsprodukten und damit eine Verringerung der Bildung schädlicher Nitrosamine. Gleichzeitig wird ein Eingriff in die H2O-Bilanz und eine entsprechende Fahrweise des Absorbers der Abscheidevorrichtung bei kälteren Temperaturen möglich, wodurch für die Absorption von Kohlendioxid im Waschmedium verbesserte Bedingungen geschaffen werden.
Preferably, an amino acid salt is used as the washing medium. An aqueous amino acid salt solution is useful here. The use of an aqueous amino acid salt solution in particular is suitable here, since an amino acid salt has a negligible vapor pressure and does not evaporate even at high temperatures. As a result, in particular unwanted emissions to the atmosphere are avoided and in addition prevents a reduction in the concentration of the active component of the washing medium.
When using an amino acid salt as a washing medium, it is advantageous to use an amino acid salt having a carbon substituent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl, a hydroxyalkyl and an aminoalkyl. More preferably, an amino acid salt having a nitrogen substituent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl, a hydroxyalkyl and a haloalkyl is used. Again, a single amino acid salt such as a potassium salt of glycine or other amino acids may be employed. Also, mixtures of different amino acid salts can be used as the absorbent. More preferably, the amino acid salt is a salt of a metal, especially an alkali metal.
The second object of the invention is achieved by a separation device for carbon dioxide from a gas stream, in particular from a flue gas stream, comprising an absorber for separating carbon dioxide from the gas stream by means of a washing medium, and a fluidically coupled to the absorber desorber for releasing absorbed in the washing medium Carbon dioxide, wherein the desorber a fluidic device for forming condensate is connected, and wherein the cooling device, a cleaning device is fluidly connected, which is set up and formed for the removal of degradation products from the condensate formed in the cooling device by means of a reverse osmosis.
Such a separation device allows a targeted removal of degradation products formed in a washing medium and thus a reduction in the formation of harmful nitrosamines. At the same time an intervention in the H 2 O-balance and a corresponding operation of the absorber of the separator at colder temperatures is possible, whereby for the absorption of carbon dioxide in the washing medium improved conditions are created.

Das Kondensat wird hierbei zweckmäßigerweise aus einem dem Desorber entnehmbaren Dampfstrom gebildet. Da in der Gasphase am Kopf des Desorbers die Konzentration von Abbau- und Degradationsprodukten am größten ist, ist eine Abführleitung für den entnehmbaren Dampfstrom vorteilhafterweise am Kopf des Desorbers angeschlossen.The condensate is expediently formed from a vapor stream which can be removed from the desorber. Since in the gas phase at the top of the desorber, the concentration of degradation and degradation products is greatest, a discharge line for the removable vapor stream is advantageously connected to the head of the desorber.

Zur Rückführung von gereinigtem Kondensat ist die Reinigungsvorrichtung zweckmäßigerweise über eine Rückführleitung strömungstechnisch mit einer Zuführleitung des Desorbers gekoppelt. So kann das von Degradationsprodukten gereinigte Kondensat je nach Wasserbedarf entweder partiell oder vollständig in den Desorber und damit den Abscheideprozess zurückgeführt werden.For the return of purified condensate, the cleaning device is expediently coupled via a return line in terms of flow with a supply line of the desorber. Depending on the water requirement, the condensate purified from degradation products can be returned either partially or completely to the desorber and thus the separation process.

Vorzugsweise ist der Reinigungsvorrichtung eine Abführleitung angeschlossen, die in einer Verwertungseinrichtung mündet. In der Verwertungseinrichtung, die insbesondere eine Biokläranlage ist, können die Degradationsprodukte biologisch abgebaut werden.Preferably, the cleaning device is connected to a discharge line, which opens into a utilization device. In the recycling facility, which is in particular a biological wastewater treatment plant, the degradation products can be biodegraded.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist als Kühlvorrichtung ein Wärmetauscher eingesetzt, mittels welchem ein dem Desorber entnommener Dampfstrom kondensiert werden kann.In an advantageous embodiment, a heat exchanger is used as the cooling device, by means of which a vapor stream removed from the desorber can be condensed.

Eine besonders günstige und effektive Möglichkeit zur Kondensation eines Dampfstromes bietet sich dann, wenn als Kühlvorrichtung eine Waschkolonne eingesetzt ist.A particularly favorable and effective way of condensing a vapor stream is useful when a washing column is used as the cooling device.

Vorzugsweise ist der Desorber über eine Rückführleitung strömungstechnisch mit einer Zuführleitung des Absorbers gekoppelt, so dass das in dem Desorber von Kohlendioxid gereinigte Waschmedium dem Absorber zugeführt und innerhalb des Absorbers erneut zur Absorption von Kohlendioxid genutzt werden kann.Preferably, the desorber is fluidly coupled via a return line to a supply line of the absorber, so that the purified in the desorber of carbon dioxide washing medium supplied to the absorber and can be reused within the absorber for the absorption of carbon dioxide.

Zweckmäßigerweise ist der Kühlvorrichtung eine Abführleitung angeschlossen, die in einer Aufbereitungsvorrichtung mündet.
In der Aufbereitungsvorrichtung kann ein CO2-reicher Gasstrom verdichtet werden, um beispielsweise den Transport zu einer Speicherstätte zu ermöglichen.
Da ein Aminosäuresalz einen vernachlässigbar geringen Dampfdruck hat und auch bei hohen Temperaturen nicht verdampft, ist als Waschmedium zweckmäßigerweise ein solches Aminosäuresalz, insbesondere in Form einer wässrigen Aminosäuresalzlösung eingesetzt.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen für die Abscheidevorrichtung für Kohlendioxid ergeben sich aus den auf das Verfahren zur Abscheidung von Kohlendioxid aus einem Gasstrom gerichteten Unteransprüchen. Die für das Verfahren genannten Vorteile können hierbei sinngemäß auf die Abscheidevorrichtung übertragen werden.
Conveniently, the cooling device is connected to a discharge line, which opens into a treatment device.
In the treatment device, a CO 2 -rich gas stream can be compressed, for example, to enable transport to a storage site.
Since an amino acid salt has a negligible vapor pressure and does not evaporate even at high temperatures, such an amino acid salt, in particular in the form of an aqueous amino acid salt solution, is expediently used as the washing medium.
Further advantageous embodiments of the separator for carbon dioxide resulting from the directed to the process for the separation of carbon dioxide from a gas stream dependent claims. The advantages mentioned for the method can hereby be transferred analogously to the separation device.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen:

  • FIG 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Abscheidevorrichtung für Kohlendioxid mit einer Kühlvorrichtung und einer Reinigungsvorrichtung, sowie
  • FIG 2 einen Ausschnitt aus einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Abscheidevorrichtung für Kohlendioxid mit einer Kühlvorrichtung und einer Reinigungsvorrichtung.
FIG 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Abscheidevorrichtung 1 für Kohlendioxid aus einem Rauchgasstrom. Die Abscheidevorrichtung 1 umfasst einen Absorber 3 zum Abscheiden von Kohlendioxid aus dem Rauchgasstrom. Hierzu wird dem Absorber 3 Rauchgas über eine Zuführleitung 5 zugeführt und das im Rauchgas enthaltene Kohlendioxid im Absorber 3 mit einem Waschmedium in Kontakt gebracht. Das im Rauchgas enthaltene Kohlendioxid wird im Waschmedium absorbiert und über eine Zuführleitung 7 einem strömungstechnisch mit dem Absorber 3 verbundenen Desorber 9 zugeführt. In dem Desorber 9 wird das in dem Waschmedium absorbierte Kohlendioxid durch Temperaturerhöhung freigesetzt.In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. Showing:
  • FIG. 1 a schematic representation of a separator according to the invention for carbon dioxide with a cooling device and a cleaning device, and
  • FIG. 2 a section of a not according to the invention deposition device for carbon dioxide with a cooling device and a cleaning device.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a separator 1 for carbon dioxide from a flue gas stream. The separation device 1 comprises an absorber 3 for separating carbon dioxide from the flue gas stream. For this purpose, the absorber 3 flue gas is supplied via a feed line 5 and the carbon dioxide contained in the flue gas in the absorber 3 is brought into contact with a washing medium. The contained in the flue gas Carbon dioxide is absorbed in the washing medium and fed via a feed line 7 to a fluidically connected to the absorber 3 desorber 9. In the desorber 9, the carbon dioxide absorbed in the washing medium is released by increasing the temperature.

Das vorliegend als Waschmedium eingesetzte Aminosäuresalz hat zwar einen äußerst geringen Dampfdruck. Dennoch kann ein kleiner Teil der Degradations- bzw. Abbauprodukte aus leicht flüchtigem Methylamin bestehen, welches als Vorläufer für die Bildung von z.B. Dimethylamin dienen kann. Das Dimethylamin wiederum kann durch Reaktion mit NOx aus dem Rauchgas, welches dem Absorber 3 über die Zuführleitung 5 zugeführt wird, das emissionsrelevante Dimethylnitrosamin bilden.Although the amino acid salt used in the present case as the washing medium has an extremely low vapor pressure. Nevertheless, a small part of the degradation or degradation products consist of highly volatile methylamine, which can serve as a precursor for the formation of eg dimethylamine. The dimethylamine in turn can form the emission-relevant dimethylnitrosamine by reaction with NO x from the flue gas, which is supplied to the absorber 3 via the feed line 5.

Um eine Emission dieser unerwünschten Nitrosamine zu verhindern und gleichzeitig das Waschmedium entsprechend aufzureinigen, wird am Kopf 11 des Desorbers 9 über eine Abführleitung 13 ein Dampfstrom abgezogen. Der Dampfstrom enthält im Wesentlichen Wasser, Kohlendioxid und die entsprechenden Amine und wird einer als Waschkolonne ausgebildeten Kühlvorrichtung 15 zugeführt.In order to prevent emission of these unwanted nitrosamines and at the same time purify the washing medium, a vapor stream is withdrawn at the head 11 of the desorber 9 via a discharge line 13. The vapor stream contains essentially water, carbon dioxide and the corresponding amines and is fed to a cooling device 15 designed as a scrubbing column.

Hierbei ist selbstverständlich auch der Einsatz einer als klassischer Wärmetauscher ausgebildeten Kühlvorrichtung 15 möglich.In this case, of course, the use of a designed as a classic heat exchanger cooling device 15 is possible.

In der Kühlvorrichtung 15 wird der Dampfstrom kondensiert und das gasförmige Kohlendioxid über eine Abführleitung 17 einer Aufbereitungsvorrichtung 19 zugeführt. Die Waschkolonne 15 wird mit angesäuertem Wasser betrieben und stellt ein Kondensat mit einem pH-Wert von ca. 6 bereit.In the cooling device 15, the vapor stream is condensed and the gaseous carbon dioxide is fed via a discharge line 17 to a treatment device 19. The wash column 15 is operated with acidified water and provides a condensate having a pH of about 6 ready.

Das Kondensat, welches im Wesentlichen aus Wasser und aus einem kleinen Teil an Methylaminen, sowie aus einem kleinen Teil an Kohlensäure besteht, wird der Waschkolonne 15 über eine als Kondensatleitung ausgebildete Abführleitung 21 entnommen und über eine Abzweigleitung 23 einer Reinigungsvorrichtung 25 zugeführt. Die Zufuhr des Kondensats zur Reinigungsvorrichtung 25 erfolgt hierbei vollständig.The condensate, which consists essentially of water and of a small proportion of methylamines, as well as of a small amount of carbonic acid, is removed from the scrubbing column 15 via a discharge line 21 designed as a condensate line and via a branch line 23 of a cleaning device 25 supplied. The supply of condensate to the cleaning device 25 takes place here completely.

Die Reinigungsvorrichtung 25 ist vorliegend als eine Umkehrosmoseanlage ausgebildet. Mittels der Umkehrosmose werden flüchtige Amine aus dem Kondensat entfernt, wobei ein geringer Produktstrom an abgetrennten Degradationsprodukten entsteht. Die Degradationsprodukte, im Wesentlichen Methylamin und Ammoniak, werden über eine Abführleitung 27 einer als Biokläranlage ausgestalteten Verwertungseinrichtung 29 zugeführt und dort entsprechend abgebaut.The cleaning device 25 is presently designed as a reverse osmosis system. By means of reverse osmosis, volatile amines are removed from the condensate, resulting in a small product stream of separated degradation products. The degradation products, essentially methylamine and ammonia, are fed via a discharge line 27 to a utilization device 29 designed as a biological treatment plant where it is degraded accordingly.

Der gereinigte Kondensatstrom, der nun im Wesentlichen nur noch gereinigtes Wasser enthält, wird über eine Rückführleitung 31 partiell dem Desorber 9 zugeführt. Hierzu ist die Rückführleitung 31 der Reinigungsvorrichtung 25 strömungstechnisch mit einer Zuführleitung 33 des Desorbers 9 gekoppelt. Die Menge des zurückgeführten Wassers ist hierbei grundsätzlich anhängig vom Wasserhaushalt des Abscheideprozesses und kann diesem entsprechend angepasst werden.The purified condensate stream, which now contains substantially only purified water, is partially fed to the desorber 9 via a return line 31. For this purpose, the return line 31 of the cleaning device 25 is fluidically coupled to a supply line 33 of the desorber 9. The amount of recirculated water here is basically pending from the water balance of the deposition process and can be adjusted accordingly.

Weiterhin ist der Desorber 9 über eine Rückführleitung 35 strömungstechnisch mit einer Zuführleitung 37 des Absorbers 3 gekoppelt. So kann das von Kohlendioxid gereinigte Waschmedium dem Absorber 3 zugeführt und dort erneut zur Absorption von Kohlendioxid genutzt werden.Furthermore, the desorber 9 is fluidly coupled via a return line 35 with a feed line 37 of the absorber 3. Thus, the cleaned of carbon dioxide washing medium can be supplied to the absorber 3 and used there again for the absorption of carbon dioxide.

FIG 2 zeigt einen Ausschnitt einer weiteren Abscheidevorrichtung 51 für Kohlendioxid aus einem Rauchgasstrom. Die Abscheidevorrichtung 51 umfasst ebenfalls einen Absorber zum Abscheiden von Kohlendioxid aus dem Rauchgasstrom mittels einer wässrigen Aminosäuresalzlösung. Der Absorber ist aufgrund des gezeigten Ausschnitts vorliegend nicht zu sehen. FIG. 2 shows a section of another separator 51 for carbon dioxide from a flue gas stream. The separator 51 also includes an absorber for separating carbon dioxide from the flue gas stream by means of an aqueous solution of an amino acid salt. The absorber is not visible due to the detail shown here.

Das aus dem Absorber austretende, mit Kohlendioxid befrachtete Waschmedium wird vorliegend über zwei Zuführleitungen 53, 55 einem strömungstechnisch mit dem Absorber verbundenen Desorber 57 zugeführt. In dem Desorber 57 wird das in dem Waschmedium absorbierte Kohlendioxid durch Temperaturerhöhung freigesetzt.The scrubbing medium, which is discharged from the absorber and charged with carbon dioxide, is supplied in the present case via two supply lines 53, 55 to a desorber 57 connected in terms of flow with the absorber. In the Desorber 57 is the in the Wash medium absorbed carbon dioxide released by temperature increase.

Auch bei der Abscheidevorrichtung 51 wird zur Verhinderung der Bildung von Nitrosaminen am Kopf 59 des Desorbers 57 über eine Abführleitung 61 ein Dampfstrom abgezogen, der Wasser, Kohlendioxid und die entsprechend im Waschmedium gebildeten Amine enthält. Der Dampfstrom wird einer als Wärmetauscher ausgebildeten Kühlvorrichtung 63 zugeführt. In der Kühlvorrichtung 63 wird der Dampfstrom kondensiert und das gasförmige Kohlendioxid über eine Abführleitung 65 einer Aufbereitungsvorrichtung 67 zugeführt.Also in the separation device 51, a vapor stream is withdrawn to prevent the formation of nitrosamines on the head 59 of the desorber 57 via a discharge line 61, which contains water, carbon dioxide and the corresponding amines formed in the washing medium. The vapor stream is fed to a cooling device 63 designed as a heat exchanger. In the cooling device 63, the vapor stream is condensed and the gaseous carbon dioxide is fed via a discharge line 65 to a treatment device 67.

Das Kondensat, welches auch vorliegend im Wesentlichen aus Wasser und aus einem kleinen Teil an Methylaminen sowie aus einem kleinen Teil an Kohlensäure besteht, wird dem Wärmetauscher 63 über eine als Kondensatleitung ausgebildete Abführleitung 69 entnommen und über eine Abzweigleitung 71 einer als Ionentauscher ausgebildeten Reinigungsvorrichtung 73 zugeführt. Die Zufuhr erfolgt vorliegend nur partiell, es wird also nur ein kleiner Teil des von dem Wärmetauscher 63 abströmenden Kondensats der Reinigungsvorrichtung 73 zugeführt.The condensate, which in the present case consists essentially of water and a small proportion of methylamines and of a small amount of carbonic acid, is taken from the heat exchanger 63 via a discharge line 69 designed as a condensate line and fed via a branch line 71 to a cleaning device 73 designed as an ion exchanger , The supply takes place only partially, so it is only a small part of the effluent from the heat exchanger 63 condensate of the cleaning device 73 is supplied.

In der Reinigungsvorrichtung 73 wird das Kondensat von Degradationsprodukten gereinigt. Der entstehende Produktstrom abgetrennter Degradationsprodukte wird über eine Abführleitung 75 einer Verwertungseinrichtung 77, vorliegend einer Biokläranlage, zugeführt und dort entsprechend abgebaut.In the cleaning device 73, the condensate is cleaned of degradation products. The resulting product stream of separated degradation products is fed via a discharge line 75 to a utilization device 77, in the present case a biological wastewater treatment plant, where it is correspondingly reduced.

Der gereinigte Kondensatstrom wird über eine Rückführleitung 79 vollständig dem Desorber 77 zugeführt. Hierzu ist die Rückführleitung 79 der Reinigungsvorrichtung 73 strömungstechnisch mit einer Zuführleitung 81 des Desorbers 57 gekoppelt.The purified condensate stream is completely fed to the desorber 77 via a return line 79. For this purpose, the return line 79 of the cleaning device 73 is fluidly coupled to a supply line 81 of the desorber 57.

Weiterhin ist der Desorber 57 auch vorliegend über eine Rückführleitung strömungstechnisch mit einer Zuführleitung des Absorbers gekoppelt, was jedoch aufgrund der Darstellung nicht gezeigt ist.Furthermore, the desorber 57 is also in the present case via a return line fluidically with a supply line the absorber coupled, which is not shown due to the representation.

Claims (20)

  1. Method for separating off carbon dioxide from a gas stream, in particular from a flue gas stream, in which
    - a gas stream is brought into contact with a scrubbing medium in an absorber (3) of a separating device (1, 51), with carbon dioxide present in the gas stream being separated off,
    - the loaded scrubbing medium is fed to a desorber (9, 57) of the separating device (1, 51) to liberate the carbon dioxide,
    - a vapor stream is withdrawn from the desorber (9, 57) and fed to a cooling device (15, 63) for formation of condensate, and
    - the condensate formed in the cooling device (15, 63) is at least in part fed to a purification device (25, 73), characterized in that degradation products present in the condensate are removed by means of reverse osmosis.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, in which degradation products present in the condensate are additionally removed by means of an ion exchanger.
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the vapor stream is withdrawn at the top (11, 59) of the desorber (9, 57).
  4. Method according to any one of the preceeding claims, in which the condensate that was purified in the purification device (25, 73) by removal of degradation products is recirculated to the desorber (9, 57).
  5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the degradation products separated off in the purification device (25, 73) are fed to a utilization appliance (29, 77).
  6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the cooling device (15, 63) used is a heat exchanger.
  7. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, in which the cooling device (15, 63) used is a scrubbing column.
  8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which scrubbing medium draining off from the desorber (9, 57) is recirculated to the absorber (3).
  9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which carbon dioxide separated off from the cooling device (15, 63) is fed to a treatment device (19, 67).
  10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the scrubbing medium used is an amino acid salt or the aqueous solution thereof.
  11. Separating device (1, 51) for separating off carbon dioxide from a gas stream, in particular from a flue gas stream, comprising an absorber (3) for separating off carbon dioxide from the gas stream by means of a scrubbing medium, and also a desorber (9, 57) that is flow-coupled to the absorber (3) and is for liberating carbon dioxide that is absorbed in the scrubbing medium, wherein a cooling device (15, 63) is flow-connected to the desorber (9, 57) to form a condensate, and wherein a purification device (25, 73) is flow-connected to the cooling device (15, 63), characterized in that the purification device (25, 73) is equipped and constructed to remove degradation products from the condensate formed in the cooling device (15, 63) by means of reverse osmosis.
  12. Separating device (1, 51) according to Claim 11, wherein the purification device (25, 73) is additionally equipped and constructed to remove degradation products from the condensate formed in the cooling device (15, 63) by means of an ion exchanger.
  13. Separating device (1, 51) according to Claim 11 or 12, wherein a discharge line (13, 61) for the withdrawable vapor stream is connected at the top (11, 59) of the desorber (9, 57).
  14. Separating device (1, 51) according to any one of Claims 11 to 13, wherein the purification device (25, 73) for recirculating purified condensate is flow-coupled via a recirculation line (31, 79) to a feed line (33, 81) of the desorber (9, 57).
  15. Separating device (1, 51) according to any one of Claims 11 to 14, wherein a discharge line (27, 75) is connected to the purification device (25, 73), which discharge line opens out into a utilization appliance (29, 77).
  16. Separating device (1, 51) according to any one of Claims 11 to 15, wherein the cooling device (15, 63) used is a heat exchanger.
  17. Separating device (1, 51) according to any one of Claims 11 to 15, wherein the cooling device (15, 63) used is a scrubbing column.
  18. Separating device (1, 51) according to any one of Claims 11 to 17, wherein the desorber (9, 57) is flow-coupled via a recirculation line (35) to a feed line (37) of the absorber (3).
  19. Separating device (1, 51) according to any one of Claims 11 to 18, wherein the cooling device (15, 63) is connected to a discharge line (17, 65) that opens out into a treatment device (19, 67).
  20. Separating device (1, 51) according to any one of Claims 11 to 19, wherein the scrubbing medium used is an amino acid salt.
EP14733566.5A 2013-06-21 2014-06-12 Method for separating carbon dioxide from a gas flow, in particular from a flue gas flow, and separating device for separating carbon dioxide from a gas flow, in particular from a flue gas flow Not-in-force EP2994216B1 (en)

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DE102013211757 2013-06-21
PCT/EP2014/062187 WO2014202448A1 (en) 2013-06-21 2014-06-12 Method for separating carbon dioxide from a gas flow, in particular from a flue gas flow, and separating device for separating carbon dioxide from a gas flow, in particular from a flue gas flow

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US (1) US10213728B2 (en)
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US11518724B2 (en) 2018-08-10 2022-12-06 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Providing carbon dioxide by means of oxygen-based combustion

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DE102017102446A1 (en) * 2016-09-15 2018-03-15 Netzsch - Gerätebau Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Method and apparatus for generating a continuous carrier gas / vapor mixture stream
GB2570549B (en) * 2017-11-28 2021-12-15 Toshiba Kk Acid gas absorbent, acid gas removal method, and acid gas removal device
JP7490606B2 (en) * 2021-03-23 2024-05-27 株式会社東芝 Amine-containing water concentration system and apparatus and carbon dioxide capture system

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EP2559473A1 (en) * 2011-08-18 2013-02-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device and method for cleaning a processing unit product contaminated with nitrosamine
EP2559476A1 (en) 2011-08-18 2013-02-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for extracting volatile degradation products from the absorption circuit of a CO2 separation process
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JP5966565B2 (en) * 2012-04-24 2016-08-10 株式会社Ihi Carbon dioxide recovery method and recovery apparatus

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11518724B2 (en) 2018-08-10 2022-12-06 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Providing carbon dioxide by means of oxygen-based combustion

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EP2994216A1 (en) 2016-03-16
CN105392548B (en) 2017-03-08
WO2014202448A1 (en) 2014-12-24
CN105392548A (en) 2016-03-09
US20160206991A1 (en) 2016-07-21
US10213728B2 (en) 2019-02-26

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