EP2989392A1 - A system for management of electric energy produced by photovoltaic cells - Google Patents

A system for management of electric energy produced by photovoltaic cells

Info

Publication number
EP2989392A1
EP2989392A1 EP14724992.4A EP14724992A EP2989392A1 EP 2989392 A1 EP2989392 A1 EP 2989392A1 EP 14724992 A EP14724992 A EP 14724992A EP 2989392 A1 EP2989392 A1 EP 2989392A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
control unit
voltage
unit
relay
energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14724992.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ivo Tvardík
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Unites Systems AS
Original Assignee
Unites Systems AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Unites Systems AS filed Critical Unites Systems AS
Publication of EP2989392A1 publication Critical patent/EP2989392A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D12/00—Other central heating systems
    • F24D12/02—Other central heating systems having more than one heat source
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/02—Photovoltaic energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/08—Electric heater
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • a system for management of electric energy produced by photovoltaic cells A system for management of electric energy produced by photovoltaic cells
  • the invention falls within an area of an effective use of renewable energy resources, when solar radiation is, by the help of a photovoltaic device, transformed into electric or thermal energy and it concerns lay out of a system for management of electric energy produced by photovoltaic cells, which contains mutually interconnected electronic components which enable control, use and storage of the obtained energy.
  • the inverter converts DC current into AC current and enables consequential connection of system into the electric system, eventually the energy is consumed in an appliance, similarly like it was connected to the distribution system.
  • inverters which use, for increase of efficiency, monitoring of a point of maximal load MPPT (maxim power point tracking).
  • MPPT maximal power point tracking
  • the systems equipped with these inverters are able to work in an operating mode without connection to electric system, when either all produced energy is consumed and into an outside distribution system is not supplied any load, or the obtained load is supplied into the electric system and is combined with own consumption.
  • a disadvantage of these systems is the fact that there comes to loses on the inverters due to energy transformation.
  • the water is a very suitable medium for storing of produced energy.
  • households are, for example, used, for preparation of service hot water, electric heaters which are based on principle of a water container and a heating unit which warms the water.
  • the files CZ25157 U1 , CZ22505 U1 , CZ22504 U1 , US7429719 B1 , FR2604322 A1 are described devices which use for water heating electric energy produced from photovoltaic panels.
  • a disadvantage of these solutions is fact that there is not monitored the maxim power point MPPT herewith comes to significant loses with regard to the fact that the resistance of an appliance is not adjusted to resistance of a source and energy system can not use obtained load efficiently.
  • the file US5293447 is described a system with monitoring of maximal load, which is done by switching of a resistance load in two values, but this device does not allow running in so called autonomy mode, when only energy obtained from photovoltaic panels is used.
  • the aim of the presented invention is to introduce new system for management of electric energy which is produced by photovoltaic cells, which would enable efficient use of obtained electric energy especially in a DC mode, when does not come to energy loses due to transformation from DC to AC.
  • the system is adjusted for monitoring of a point of maximal load MPPT, it is equipped with devices which are designed to use surplus energy and is procured with electronic components, which, in case of need, serve for transformation of DC to AC.
  • the system is likewise controllable from a superior control one and it is possible to operate it in an autonomy energy mode.
  • the set goal is, to large extent, reached with an invention, which is a system for management of electric energy which is produced by photovoltaic cells which contains mutually interconnected an energy consumption control unit, a control unit, and a heating unit, which is procured with a temperature measuring unit and at least one heating element which is modified for heating of liquid, where the essence of the invention is in the fact that the energy consumption control unit contains a DC control unit and an AC control unit and is partly connected to a AC power supply, either directly and/or through a secondary source of AC voltage and partly is connected with a photovoltaic unit which emits direct current namely through a primary source of DC voltage and/or through in series connected an output measuring unit of current and voltage, a DC/DC converter and an input measuring unit of current and voltage, whereas also the control unit is connected not only through a galvanic way separated secondary source of DC voltage to a photovoltaic unit, but also through a galvanic way separated primary source of AC voltage to a AC power supply.
  • a DC control unit of the energy consumption control unit which operates in mode of direct voltage consists of a DC thermal fuse and a DC relay, which is connected to a DC temperature controller, whereas the DC thermal fuse is connected through the output measuring unit to the DC/DC converter and the DC relay is interconnected with the heating unit.
  • the AC control unit of the energy consumption control unit which operates in mode of alternating voltage consists of an AC thermal fuse and an AC relay, which is connected to an AC temperature controller, whereas the AC thermal fuse is connected to a AC power supply an the AC relay is interconnected with the heating unit.
  • the DC thermal fuse and the AC thermal fuse of the energy consumption control unit are mutually interconnected through a control safety segment, whereas to the control safety segment are connected a temperature measuring unit, a fuse, a DC power relay and an AC power relay.
  • the DC/DC converter is partly connected with a primary source of DC voltage, partly with the control unit and party contains mutually interconnected a primary switch and a secondary switch, whereas around the secondary switch is formed a parallel circuit with an integrated induction element, to which are parallel connected a capacitor and a load.
  • the energy consumption control unit is equipped with a charging unit which is partly formed with a charging relay and a charging controller and partly is connected to at least one energy accumulator, whereas the energy accumulator is interconnected with an inverter, which is modified to supply energy into a grid.
  • an additional module connected to the energy consumption control unit and at the same time also to control unit which consists of an UPS relay and to it is parallel connected an input measuring element of current and an UPS control unit, whereas the input measuring element is connected to the AC power supply and an UPS relay is interconnected with the inverter, which is, in an advantageous design, realized with an UPS type with a double conversion.
  • control unit is procured with a detector of a smart remote control for detection of off-peak electricity and/or with a communication module for providing of communication with a superior system, whereas it is equipped with a memory medium for record of working orders of the system.
  • fig. 1 is a block scheme of the system in configuration for water heating fig. 2 a block scheme of the system in complete configuration
  • fig. 3 is a scheme of a DC/DC converter
  • fig. 4 is a block scheme of thermal fuses.
  • the system for management of electric energy which is produced by photovoltaic cells contains, in a basic autonomy set according to the fig. 1 , a photovoltaic unit 1, which is parallel connected with an energy consumption control unit 2 and it is done party through in series connected an input measuring unit 3 of the current and voltage, a DC/DC converter 4 and an output measuring unit 5 of current and voltage and partly through a primary source 6 of DC voltage.
  • the DC/DC converter 4 is designed in the way for a maximal load to be always permanent and further is connected with the primary source of DC voltage 6 and with a control unit 8.
  • the control unit 8 is then connected with the energy consumption control unit 2 and also through a galvanic way separated secondary source 7 of DC voltage with the photovoltaic unit 1
  • the energy consumption control unit 2 contains two thermal control units 21, 22 which are connected with a heating unit 9.
  • the heating unit 9 is formed with a temperature measuring unit 91 and a heating element 92 which is designed for a liquid heating, whereas the heating unit 9 is, at the same time, connected to the control unit 8.
  • the DC control unit 21 of the energy consumption control unit 2 which operates in DC voltage mode is formed with a DC thermal fuse 211 , DC relay 212 and a DC temperature controller 213, whereas is connected through the output measuring unit 5 to the DC/DC converter 4.
  • the AC control unit 22 of the energy consumption control unit 2 consists of an AC thermal fuse 221, an AC relay 222 and an AC temperature controller 223 and is connected to an alternating voltage power supply 10. To the AC power supply 10 is then connected, partly through a galvanic way separated primary source H of AC voltage the control unit 8 and partly through a secondary source 12 of AC voltage the whole energy consumption control unit 2.
  • the system which operates in autonomy and also in island energy mode is equipped with the energy consumption control unit 2 with a built-in charging unit 23, which is formed with a charging relay 231 and a charging controller 232 and is connected to an energy accumulator 13, whereas the accumulator 13 is connected to an inverter 15 which serves to alternating current supply.
  • a built-in charging unit 23 which is formed with a charging relay 231 and a charging controller 232 and is connected to an energy accumulator 13, whereas the accumulator 13 is connected to an inverter 15 which serves to alternating current supply.
  • To the energy consumption control unit 2 is likewise connected an additional module 14 which consists of an UPS relay 141 to which are parallel connected an incoming current measuring element 142 and an UPS control unit 143, whereas the additional module 14 is likewise connected to a current invertor 15.
  • the control unit 8 is then procured partly with a smart remote control detector 17 for detection of off peak current, partly with a communication module 18 for provision of communication with a superior system by the help of a selected interface, as is for example USB, Ethernet, RS232, RS485, WiFi, Bluetooth and partly with a memory medium 19 for record of working orders of the system, for example amount of produced or consumed energy, current, voltage or temperature values.
  • a smart remote control detector 17 for detection of off peak current
  • a communication module 18 for provision of communication with a superior system by the help of a selected interface, as is for example USB, Ethernet, RS232, RS485, WiFi, Bluetooth
  • a memory medium 19 for record of working orders of the system, for example amount of produced or consumed energy, current, voltage or temperature values.
  • the DC/DC converter 4 as it is illustrated in fig. 3 contains mutually connected primary switch 41 and a secondary switch 42, which are formed with transistors type N MOSFET which work in two states, either on or off.
  • a parallel circuit with a built-in induction element 43 to which are parallel connected a capacitor 44 and a load 45.
  • thermal protection which is formed with a mutually integrated DC thermal fuse 211 and an AC thermal fuse 212 of the energy consumption control unit 2.
  • the thermal fuses 21 1 ,212 contain a control protection segment 100 which is powered from the primary source of DC voltage 6 and/or from the secondary source of AC voltage 12, whereas to the control protection segment 100 are connected a temperature measuring unit 101, a fuse 102, a DC power relay 103 and an AC power relay 104.
  • the direct current which is produced in the photovoltaic unit 1 partly goes into an input measuring unit 3 of the current and voltage and then into the DC/DC converter 4, partly is led through a secondary source 7 of DC voltage into the control unit 8 and partly is led through a primary source 6 of DC voltage into the energy consumption control unit 2 and also into the DC/DC converter 4.
  • the function of the synchronic DC/DC converter 4 is that the input voltage is led through two in series connected switches 41, 42 when in case of on position of the primary switch 41 the current does not go into the secondary switch 42, but is led through a parallel circuit through the induction element 43 into the capacitor 44 and the load 45.
  • the induction element 43 acts like an appliance and there comes to linear increase of current and grow of voltage on the capacitor 44.
  • the primary appliance of the energy supplied either from the photovoltaic unit 1 or from the AC power supply unit 10 is a heating unit 9, whereas for separation of direct and alternating current is carried out galvanic separation in the secondary source 7 of DC voltage and also in the primary source H of AC voltage and also in the energy consumption control unit 2, when the DC control unit 21 and the AC control unit 22 are equipped with a DC relay 212 and an AC relay 222, which ensure voltage strength of contacts.
  • Temperature controllers 213,223 in the control units 21,22 enable that when is the temperature in the heating unit 9 under the value set by user the AC relay is switched on and into a heating element 92 is led energy from the AC power supply unit 10.
  • the charging relay 231 charges a connected accumulator 13 in the form of various types of batteries, when the accumulator 13 serves as an intermediate circuit for energy supply into an inverter 15 and further into a grid 16.
  • the additional module 14 is energy led through an input measuring element 142 of the current and an UPS relay 141 and then continues into the inverter 15, whereas the UPS relay 141 is controlled by an UPS control unit 143.
  • the additional module 14 enables charging of the accumulator 13 with use of the DC/DC converter 4 and herewith obtaining an advantage of the photovoltaic unit 1 use in MPP.
  • Next function of the additional module 14 is monitoring of the current which goes through one phase and switching of the inverter 15 in case of exceeding of set load for switching, and herewith comes to elimination of load losses in the inverter 15.
  • the inverter 15 in th is case is realized by the type UPS with double conversion.
  • the system thus enables back up of one phase by the help of UPS and control of energy flow, when power supply of all components of the system is doubled. All control of the system is done by the control unit 8 which transfers and evaluates information form the DC/DC converter 4, from the energy consumption control unit 2, from the additional module 14 and from the detector 17 of smart remote control.
  • the presented invention is designed for integration into photovoltaic systems in order to obtain economical use of energy sources, when is efficiently used energy which is obtained from photovoltaic cells and at the same time it is possible to use cheap energy from distribution network, whereas supplied energy into the system can be used for heating of water or charging of accumulators.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
EP14724992.4A 2013-04-25 2014-04-24 A system for management of electric energy produced by photovoltaic cells Withdrawn EP2989392A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ2013-311A CZ2013311A3 (cs) 2013-04-25 2013-04-25 Systém pro hospodaření s elektrickou energií vyrobenou fotovoltaickými články
PCT/CZ2014/000044 WO2014173379A1 (en) 2013-04-25 2014-04-24 A system for management of electric energy produced by photovoltaic cells

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2989392A1 true EP2989392A1 (en) 2016-03-02

Family

ID=50735804

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14724992.4A Withdrawn EP2989392A1 (en) 2013-04-25 2014-04-24 A system for management of electric energy produced by photovoltaic cells

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2989392A1 (cs)
KR (1) KR20150131335A (cs)
CN (1) CN105143776A (cs)
BR (1) BR112015025536A2 (cs)
CZ (1) CZ2013311A3 (cs)
RU (1) RU2615593C1 (cs)
UA (1) UA114663C2 (cs)
WO (1) WO2014173379A1 (cs)

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CN110137619B (zh) * 2019-04-15 2021-12-24 华为数字能源技术有限公司 储能设备温度控制方法和装置
DE102020102532B4 (de) 2020-01-31 2022-02-24 fothermo System AG Anpassungsschaltung zur Regelung einer Leistungsabgabe an eine resistive Last und Schaltungsvorrichtung zur Versorgung eines Warmwassererzeugers aus einer regenerativen Energiequelle
RU198525U1 (ru) * 2020-02-06 2020-07-14 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Ганпауэр" (Ооо "Ганпауэр") Устройство преобразования энергии
CN112344419A (zh) * 2020-11-09 2021-02-09 国网山东省电力公司莱芜供电公司 一种取暖设备节能分析系统
CN114428528A (zh) * 2021-12-22 2022-05-03 北京科诺伟业科技股份有限公司 一种极地光伏输入的温度控制电路

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105143776A (zh) 2015-12-09
RU2615593C1 (ru) 2017-04-05
CZ304509B6 (cs) 2014-06-04
WO2014173379A1 (en) 2014-10-30
UA114663C2 (uk) 2017-07-10
KR20150131335A (ko) 2015-11-24
BR112015025536A2 (pt) 2017-07-18
CZ2013311A3 (cs) 2014-06-04

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