EP2987101A1 - Dispositif et procédé de dimensionnement de câbles électriques, à calcul de température interne par décomposition cellulaire nodale et fusion matricielle - Google Patents
Dispositif et procédé de dimensionnement de câbles électriques, à calcul de température interne par décomposition cellulaire nodale et fusion matricielleInfo
- Publication number
- EP2987101A1 EP2987101A1 EP13723834.1A EP13723834A EP2987101A1 EP 2987101 A1 EP2987101 A1 EP 2987101A1 EP 13723834 A EP13723834 A EP 13723834A EP 2987101 A1 EP2987101 A1 EP 2987101A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- elementary
- matrix
- electrical
- cell
- representative
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
Definitions
- the invention relates to electrical cables (or conductors) which are intended to interconnect electrical devices via electrical protection means within electrical circuits.
- the optimization of the length is a relatively simple operation because it is done in the presence of few constraints.
- the optimization of the sections is a much more complex operation, in particular because each electrical cable must withstand at least one thermal stress (of heating) while presenting a predefined maximum voltage drop so that the electric member it feeds has a voltage at least equal to a preset minimum voltage.
- the PSA PEUGEOT CITRO ⁇ N group has proposed a device for the dimensioning of electric cables (or beams), called OPHELIE, which makes it possible, in particular, to optimize the sections so as to tend towards a minimum mass.
- This optimization of the sections relates more specifically to electrical cables which are intended to interconnect electrical components via electrical protection means (such as fuses for example). It is in particular described in patent document FR 2931595. It consists first of all in determining the fuse that one wants to associate with an electric cable according to the profile of the electric charge current of the electrical member that the cable must interconnect. electrical, then to be determined for this electric cable a minimum diameter for which it has an internal temperature (or intrinsic) stabilized below a critical temperature of destruction of the electric cable or for which the determined fuse cut the interconnection before its internal temperature does not reach the critical temperature.
- the main drawback of the aforementioned optimization lies in the fact that it concerns only one type of electric cable, namely those which comprise a conductive core and an insulation sheath (see FIG. 3).
- electrical cables comprising only a conductive core (possibly of the "bus-bar" type - see FIG. 2) and / or electrical cables comprising a conductive core and an insulation layer (or sheath) (see FIG. 3) and / or electrical cables comprising a conductive core, an insulating layer (or sheath) and a shielding layer (see FIG.
- the invention therefore aims to improve the situation of optimizing the sizing of electric cables.
- a device dedicated to the dimensioning of electric cables which are intended to interconnect electrical components, and comprising calculation means which are arranged, at least, to determine for an electric cable, to interconnect electrical devices via electrical protection means, a minimum diameter for which it has a stabilized internal temperature below a critical destruction temperature or for which the electrical protection means cut the interconnection before the internal temperature reaches the critical temperature.
- Such a device makes it very advantageous to size many types of electrical cables in view, in particular, of their integration and possibly of their coexistence within the same system. It also allows the consideration in the future of new types of cables.
- the dimensioning device according to the invention may comprise other characteristics that can be taken separately or in combination, and in particular:
- the total conductance may be equal to the sum of the conductance internal, radiation conductance and convection conductance;
- each elementary matrix representative of the total conductance may be a square matrix
- each elementary matrix representative of the thermal capacity may be a square matrix
- each elementary matrix representative of the power dissipated by the Joule effect may be a column matrix
- each global matrix can be constructed by series merging of the corresponding elementary matrices, the last value of the last row and the last column of an elementary matrix m being added to the first value of the first row and the first column of an elementary matrix m + 1 because they represent the same interface node, and the other values of the elementary matrix m + 1 completing the global matrix while maintaining their respective positions with respect to the first value of the first line and the first column of its elementary matrix m + 1;
- the insulation layers can be chosen from (at least) a shielding layer, a metal braid, a sheath, and a protective film.
- the invention also proposes a computer (or computer) comprising a sizing device of the type of that presented above.
- the invention also proposes a method, dedicated to the dimensioning of electric cables intended to interconnect electrical components, and comprising a step of determining for an electrical cable, to interconnect electrical devices via electrical protection means, a minimum diameter for which it has a stabilized internal temperature below a critical destruction temperature or for which the electrical protection means cut the interconnection before the internal temperature reaches the critical temperature.
- the electrical cable is broken down into elementary cells which are chosen from a central cell representative of a conductive core, at least one intermediate cell representative of an insulation layer surrounding the conductive core or another insulating layer, and an external cell representative of the ambient medium,
- each elementary cell of the decomposition is represented by a set of at least one node which is associated with elementary matrices representative of variables participating in a common equation representing the heat transfers of each node of the elementary cell considered,
- a global matrix is constructed from the corresponding elementary matrices which are associated with the sets of nodes, and
- the internal temperature is determined by numerically solving the common equation after it has been put into a matrix form with the global matrices.
- the invention is well adapted, although not limitatively, to the dimensioning of the electric cables which must interconnect electrical components within a vehicle, possibly of the automotive type.
- FIG. 1 diagrammatically and functionally illustrates an example of an electric circuit comprising a battery connected to three other electrical components via three fuses and three electric cables, and an exemplary embodiment of a dimensioning device according to the invention
- FIG. 2 diagrammatically illustrates, in a cross-sectional view, a first example of an electrical cable consisting solely of a conductive core
- FIG. 3 schematically illustrates, in a cross-sectional view, a second example of an electrical cable consisting of a conductive core and an insulating sheath;
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates, in a cross-sectional view, a third example of an electrical cable consisting of a conductive core, an insulating sheath and a shielding layer,
- FIG. 5 schematically illustrates, in a cross-sectional view, a fourth example of an electrical cable consisting of a conductive core, a first insulating sheath, a shielding layer and a second insulating sheath;
- FIG. 6 schematically illustrates, in a cross-sectional view, the different cells (central, intermediate and external) which represent the electrical conductor of FIG. 5, as well as nodes and equivalent electrical circuits of these different cells,
- FIG. 7 schematically illustrates the mechanism for fusing the elementary conductance matrices of the different cells that represent an electric cable, which makes it possible to constitute the overall conductance matrix of this electric cable, and
- FIG. 8 schematically illustrates the mechanism for melting the elementary dissipated power matrices of the various cells that represent an electric cable, which makes it possible to constitute the overall matrix of dissipated power of this electric cable.
- the aim of the invention is to provide a dimensioning device D, and a related method, for optimally determining the sections of electrical cables (or wires or conductors) CEi which are intended to interconnect electrical devices Oi via electrical protection means Fi (such as fuses) within a system.
- CEi electrical cables are intended to equip a motor vehicle type system, such as a car. But the invention is not limited to this type of system. It concerns indeed any type of system or apparatus or device comprising at least one electrical cable whose weight must be minimized.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a non-example limiting circuit of electric circuit comprising electrical cables CEi whose sections must be dimensioned optimally by means of a dimensioning device D according to the invention.
- a dimensioning device D comprises at least calculation means MC.
- a device (dimensioning) D can, for example and as illustrated, be implanted in a computer (or computer) OR fixed or portable. It can possibly be part of a more complete device dedicated, for example, to the dimensioning of the electrical cables (or beams) of a system, as for example and not limited to the OPHELIE software of the PSA PEUGEOT CITRO ⁇ N group. Consequently, the (sizing) device D is preferably made in the form of software (or computer) modules. But it could also be realized in the form of a combination of electronic circuits and software modules.
- the calculation means MC, of the device D are arranged (or designed) to determine for an electrical cable CEi, for example CE1, which is intended to interconnect electrical devices Oi, for example OO and O1, via electrical protection means (Here a fuse) Fi, for example F1, a minimum diameter (section) for which it has an internal temperature (or intrinsic) Tf which is stabilized below a critical temperature Te of destruction of the electric cable CE1 or for which the fuse F1 interrupts the interconnection before the internal temperature Tf of the electrical cable CE1 reaches this critical temperature Te.
- electrical protection means (Here a fuse) Fi, for example F1, a minimum diameter (section) for which it has an internal temperature (or intrinsic) Tf which is stabilized below a critical temperature Te of destruction of the electric cable CE1 or for which the fuse F1 interrupts the interconnection before the internal temperature Tf of the electrical cable CE1 reaches this critical temperature Te.
- control means MC of the device D according to the invention can also be arranged (or designed), before proceeding to the sizing of a cable.
- CEi electric to determine the fuse Fi to be associated with the electric cable CEi according to the profile of the electric charging current of the electrical member Oi must interconnect this electric cable CEi.
- the control means MC of the device D according to the invention may not be arranged to determine the fuse Fi which must be associated with an electric cable CEi. In this case, they are arranged only to size the electrical cables CEi that we want to associate with Fi fuses whose characteristics are already known.
- the calculation of the minimum diameter of an electric cable CEi can advantageously be done iteratively starting from a minimum value which is gradually increased.
- this minimum diameter value may be equal to the smallest value among those of the electric cables that are available or to a value that is compatible with the allowable cold voltage drop, taking into account the current consumed by the electrical component Oi that must feed the electric cable CEi.
- the electric cable CEi is considered cold because no current has passed through its conductive core AC.
- the internal temperature Tf is then initialized throughout the electrical cable CEi to the value of a confining temperature Tz.
- the dimension tested enables the electric cable CEi to have an internal temperature Tf lower than the critical destruction temperature Te. If the internal temperature Tf is stabilized below the critical destruction temperature Te or if the fuse Fi interrupts the interconnection before the internal temperature Tf of the electrical cable CE1 reaches the critical destruction temperature Te, then the design dimension of the CEi electrical cable terminates for the last dimension tested. In the opposite case, the process is repeated with a new diameter value greater than that of the previous iteration, which imposes the calculation of a new internal temperature Tf associated with this new diameter.
- an increase in diameter has several beneficial effects on the temperature resistance of the electric cable CEi.
- an electric cable CEi of greater diameter has a conductor core AC of greater diameter and consequently a lower linear electrical resistance which results in a power dissipated by Joule effect P lower.
- a higher diameter sheathed electrical cable CEi has a larger sheath peripheral surface which facilitates the removal of heat in the air from the confinement environment, in particular by annular convection and electromagnetic radiation.
- a larger diameter IEC electric cable also contains more electrically conductive material. This results in a higher thermal capacity and therefore an increase in internal temperature Tf less rapid.
- the computing means MC of the device D according to the invention are arranged to perform four operations.
- an electric cable CEi of the type illustrated in FIG. 2 will be decomposed into a central cell C1 and an external cell C3.
- An electric cable CE1 of the type illustrated in FIG. 3 will be decomposed into a central cell C1.
- a single intermediate cell C2 (or C2i) and an outer cell C3 an electric cable CEi of the type illustrated in Figure 4 will be decomposed into a central cell C1, a first intermediate cell C2 ; a second intermediate cell C2 2 and an outer cell C3, and an electric cable CEi of the type illustrated in Figure 5 will be decomposed into a central cell C1, a first intermediate cell C2 ; a second intermediate cell C2 2 , a third intermediate cell C2 3 and an external cell C3.
- a second operation consists in implementing a nodal method for representing each elementary cell Cj, resulting from a decomposition of an electric cable CEi, by a set of at least two nodes Nk associated with elementary matrices Me () which are representative of variables (G, P, C) participating in a common equation representing the heat transfers of each node Nk of the elementary cell Cj considered.
- the nodal method is a method which is derived from the finite volumes and which consists in dividing, here, a cell Cj into several isothermal blocks to each of which is associated a node Nk and a temperature tk.
- the electric cable CEi is of the type shown in FIG. 5. Its decomposition comprises a central cell C1, three intermediate cells C2 ; C2 2 and C2 3 , and an outer cell C3.
- the central cell C1 has here been decomposed, by way of non-limiting example, into two nodes N1 and N2.
- the node N1 is a core node which represents the thermal transfers within the conductive core AC
- the node N2 is an interface node which represents the heat transfers at the interface between the conductive core AC and the first insulation layer CH.
- the first intermediate cell C2 has been decomposed by way of nonlimiting example into three nodes N2, N3 and N4.
- the node N2 is the same as that of the central cell C1 (it is therefore shared)
- the node N3 is a heart node which represents the bulk material of the first insulation layer CM
- the node N4 is a node of interface which represents the interface between the first CM insulation layer and a CB shielding layer.
- the second intermediate cell C2 2 has been decomposed by way of nonlimiting example into three nodes N4, N5 and N6.
- the node N4 is the same as that of the first intermediate cell C2 (it is therefore shared)
- the node N5 is a core node which represents the bulk material of the shielding layer CB
- the node N6 is a node of interface which represents the interface between the shielding layer CB and the third insulation layer CI2.
- the third intermediate cell C2 3 has been decomposed as non-limiting example in three nodes N6, N7 and N8.
- the node N6 is the same as that of the second intermediate cell C2 2 (it is therefore shared)
- the node N7 is a core node which represents the solid material of the third insulation layer CI2
- the node N8 is a interface node which represents the interface between the third insulation layer CI2 and the ambient environment MA.
- the outer cell C3 has been decomposed by way of non-limiting example into two nodes N8 and N9.
- the node N8 is the same as that of the third intermediate cell C2 3 (it is therefore shared) and the node N9 is an interface node which represents the interface between the ambient environment MA and the external environment (that is, that is to say, relatively distant from the ambient environment MA and thus where the room temperature T amb ) no longer reigns.
- the node N9 can be considered as a boundary condition with a fixed ambient temperature T amb which is known (but not included in the temperature vector M (T)) and used to bound the system.
- each cell Cj can be envisaged, with numbers of nodes more or less important than those presented by way of example (but at least equal to two).
- This common equation is a conservation equation of thermal energy at each node Nk of each cell Cj of a decomposition.
- the total conductance G is preferably equal to the sum of an internal conductance by conduction G in t, a conductance by radiation G r and a conductance by convection G c . It is recalled that in the matter the conductances by convection and by radiation are zero, and that in the outside air conduction conductance is almost zero.
- the radiation conductance G r may be given by the formula:
- Gr (Tf) eSo (Tf 2 + T amb 2 ) (Tf + T amb ), where ⁇ is the emissivity of the material, ⁇ is the Boitzmann constant, S is the radiation exchange surface, Tf is the internal temperature in degrees Kelvin.
- the ambient environment MA is here considered to be air at atmospheric temperature.
- the calculation can be refined if necessary by giving different temperatures to the ambient environment MA for G r and G c , for example because of the presence of a hot element (exhaust) which modifies for example the temperature to be considered for G ,
- Ta (Tf) is the Rayleigh number
- Pr is the Prandtl number
- n is a parameter whose value varies depending on whether the convection is laminar or turbulent.
- the Rayleigh number is given by the formula:
- I is the characteristic length
- a is the diffusivity thermal
- v is the kinematic viscosity
- each elementary matrix Me (Gq) representative of the total conductance G of a cell Cj is a square matrix of (n, n) and preferably diagonal type, where n is the number of nodes Nk of the cell Cj, each elementary matrix Me (Cq) representative of the thermal capacity C of a cell Cj is a square matrix of (n, n) and preferably diagonal type, and each elementary matrix Me (Pq) representative of the power dissipated by Joule effect P of a cell Cj is a column matrix of type (n, 1).
- Diagonal square elementary matrix is here understood to mean a matrix of the type: fa 0 0
- a third operation consists in constructing for each variable G, C, P of the common equation a global matrix Mg () from the corresponding elementary matrices Me () that are associated with sets of nodes Nk.
- each global matrix Mg () may, for example, be by serial merger of the corresponding elementary matrices Me ().
- Such a series fusion construction is illustrated in FIG. 7 in the case of a square matrix representative of the total conductance G or of the heat capacity C.
- Such a series fusion construction is illustrated in FIG. the case of a column matrix representative of the dissipated power P.
- this construction consists of adding the first value of the first row and the first column of an (m + 1) -th elementary matrix Me () to the last value of the last row and the last column of a m-th elementary matrix Me (), because they represent the same interface node Nk, then to complete the global matrix Mg () being constructed with the other values of the (m + 1) -th elementary matrix Me () while maintaining their respective positions with respect to the first value of the first line and the first column of its (m + 1) -th elementary matrix Me ().
- the order of a global matrix Mg () is equal to the total number of nodes Nk representing the electric cable CEi considered.
- the electrical cable CEi is decomposable into three cells C1, C2 and C3, that the elementary matrix associated with the total conductance G of the central cell C1 is Me ⁇ Gc ⁇ ) - that the matrix
- M (T) and M (dT / dt) are vectors (or matrix matrices) of type (n, 1) which make it possible to take into account the temperature variations in the different nodes Nk.
- M (T) is more precisely the vector of the temperatures that one seeks to find.
- the derivative dT / dt makes it possible to take into account the temperature variation over time. Finally, in steady state, the derivative is zero and the vector M (T) can be found directly.
- the numerical resolution can be done by inversion of the global matrices Mg () and then calculation of the primitives of the operating temperatures of the nodes Nk as a function of time to arrive at the internal temperature Tf of the electric cable CEi at each instant t.
- Several numerical resolution methods can be used, including those of Euler and Runge-Kutta. Each of these methods consists in replacing the derivative dT / dt by a temperature difference.
- the invention can also be considered from the angle of a sizing process, which can be implemented in particular by means of a dimensioning device D of the type of that presented above.
- the functionalities offered by the implementation of the method according to the invention being identical to those offered by the dimensioning device D presented above, only the combination of main functionalities offered by the method is presented below.
- This dimensioning method comprises a step of determining for an electric cable CEi, having to interconnect electrical members Oi via a fuse Fi, a minimum diameter for which it has an internal temperature Tf stabilized below a critical destruction temperature Te or for which the fuse Fi interrupts the interconnection before its internal temperature Tf reaches the critical temperature Te.
- This step includes the four substeps described below.
- a first substep consists of breaking down the electrical cable CEi into elementary cells Cj which are chosen from a central cell C1 representative of a conductive core AC, at least one intermediate cell C2 representative of an insulation layer CM surrounding the conductive core AC or an insulation layer CB or CI2 surrounding another layer of electrical insulation CM or CB, and an outer cell C3 representative of the ambient environment MA.
- a second sub-step consists of representing each elementary cell Cj, resulting from the decomposition of an electric cable CEi, by a set of at least one node Nk associated with elementary matrices Me () representative of variables (G, C, P) which participate in a common equation representing the heat transfers of each node Nk of the elementary cell Cj considered.
- a third sub-step consists of constructing for each variable of the common equation a global matrix Mg () from the corresponding elementary matrices Me () that are associated with sets of nodes Nk.
- a fourth sub-step consists in determining the internal temperature Tf by numerically solving the common equation once it has been put into a matrix form with the global matrices Mg ().
- the invention provides an electrothermal model that can be used for dimensioning many types of electrical cables, which allows:
- the invention is not limited to the sizing device, computer and sizing method embodiments described above, only by way of example, but encompasses all the variants that the man of the art within the scope of the claims below.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2013/050852 WO2014170560A1 (fr) | 2013-04-18 | 2013-04-18 | Dispositif et procédé de dimensionnement de câbles électriques, à calcul de température interne par décomposition cellulaire nodale et fusion matricielle |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2987101A1 true EP2987101A1 (fr) | 2016-02-24 |
Family
ID=48468615
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13723834.1A Withdrawn EP2987101A1 (fr) | 2013-04-18 | 2013-04-18 | Dispositif et procédé de dimensionnement de câbles électriques, à calcul de température interne par décomposition cellulaire nodale et fusion matricielle |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2987101A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN105247518B (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2014170560A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3352936B2 (ja) * | 1997-04-18 | 2002-12-03 | 株式会社東芝 | 電気特性評価装置、電気特性評価方法、及び、電気特性評価プログラムを記録したコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体 |
| DE10257425A1 (de) * | 2002-12-09 | 2004-06-24 | Delphi Technologies, Inc., Troy | Einrichtung und Verfahren zum Schutz eines elektrischen Spannungsversorgungssystems |
| FR2908908B1 (fr) * | 2005-07-12 | 2009-03-13 | Valeo Electronique Sys Liaison | Procedes de modelisation et de dimensionnement d'un reseau electrique reliant une source d'alimentation electrique a au moins un organe electrique |
| FR2931595B1 (fr) | 2008-05-26 | 2010-08-20 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Procede de dimensionnement d'un cable et de son fusible |
| JP2010152863A (ja) * | 2008-11-28 | 2010-07-08 | Nec Corp | 境界節点抽出システム、境界節点抽出方法及びプログラム |
| CN101694939B (zh) * | 2009-10-16 | 2011-06-29 | 南方电网技术研究中心 | 高压直流输电系统换流站绝缘配合设计方法 |
| CN101840448B (zh) * | 2010-04-02 | 2012-04-18 | 河南工业大学 | 基于应变的管内电缆导体结构模拟设计方法 |
| DE102011082649A1 (de) * | 2011-09-14 | 2013-03-14 | Sb Limotive Company Ltd. | Trennvorrichtung für eine Batterie |
| FR2982053B1 (fr) * | 2011-10-26 | 2019-08-23 | Psa Automobiles Sa. | Dispositif et procede de dimensionnement de cables electriques, a calcul de temperature interne par decomposition cellulaire nodale et fusion matricielle. |
-
2013
- 2013-04-18 WO PCT/FR2013/050852 patent/WO2014170560A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2013-04-18 CN CN201380075736.9A patent/CN105247518B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-04-18 EP EP13723834.1A patent/EP2987101A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2014170560A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105247518B (zh) | 2019-06-14 |
| CN105247518A (zh) | 2016-01-13 |
| WO2014170560A1 (fr) | 2014-10-23 |
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