Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
  • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
  • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
  • F03D7/0264—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for stopping; controlling in emergency situations
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
  • F03D1/06—Rotors
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
  • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
  • F03D7/0272—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor by measures acting on the electrical generator
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
  • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
  • F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
  • F03D7/0284—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power in relation to the state of the electric grid
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
  • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
  • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
  • F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
  • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
  • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
  • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
  • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
  • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
  • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
  • H02H7/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric generators; for synchronous capacitors
  • H02H7/067—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric generators; for synchronous capacitors on occurrence of a load dump
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2270/00—Control
  • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
  • F05B2270/107—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
  • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

• Wind energy plant and method for operating a wind energy plant Wind energy plant and method for operating a wind energy plant
• the present invention relates to a wind energy plant and a method for operating the wind energy plant.
• Wind turbines have a rotatable rotor which is rotated by the force of the wind.
• the rotor is connected directly or via a gear with an electric generator, which converts the rotational movement of the rotor into electrical power.
• the generated electrical power is fed into a utility grid.
• the supply network consists of a number of energy generating units (wind, coal, solar, etc.) and a large number of consumers.
• the supply network has parameters such as a mains frequency, a mains voltage, etc.
• One task of the operator of the supply network is to operate the supply network in such a way that the parameters of the supply network (mains voltage and mains frequency) do not exceed or fall below certain limit values.
• the operation of the wind turbine is influenced so that the wind turbine controls down, ie. H. the speed of the rotor of the wind turbine is reduced and possibly the rotor is stopped, so that no electric power is generated and is fed into the supply network. Due to the high mass of the rotor of the wind turbine, the rotor of the wind turbine can not be stopped immediately. In other words, if an error occurs in the supply network, then the speed of the rotor of the wind turbine z. B. by pitching the rotor blades (by changing the pitch angle) reduced.
• the rotor blades can be pitched or twisted so that a minimal attack surface against the wind is present. Since the rotor of the wind turbine continues to rotate even after the occurrence of a fault in the supply network, an electric power is still generated, albeit reduced, in the wind turbine and delivered to the electrical supply network.
• German Patent and Trademark Office has searched the following documents: DE 10 2005 049 426 B4; US 2007/0100506 A1; US 4,511,807A; EP 2 075 890 A1; WO 99/50945 A1; US 2003/0193933 A1 and EP 2 621 070 A1.
• a wind energy plant with a rotor having at least two rotor blades, an electric generator which is directly or indirectly coupled to the rotor of the wind turbine and generates electrical power upon rotation of the rotor, and a control unit for controlling the operation of the wind turbine is provided.
• the control unit activates a first error mode when supply network parameters fall above or below a threshold.
• the control unit is configured in the first fault mode to reduce the speed of the rotor to zero and to activate a chopper to consume the electric power generated by the electric generator in the fault mode by the chopper.
• the invention also relates to a wind turbine with a rotor having at least two rotor blades, an electric generator which is coupled directly or indirectly to the rotor and generates electrical power upon rotation of the rotor and a control unit for controlling the operation of the wind turbine.
• the control unit is configured to activate a second error mode when parameters of the utility network exceed or fall below a threshold.
• the control unit is configured in the second fault mode to control the wind turbine so that it receives power from the supply network and consumed by the chopper.
• the invention relates to a concept to provide a wind turbine with a power cabinet, which power electronics such.
• B. has an inverter.
• a chopper is further provided, which is coupled to a load resistor.
• the wind turbine has a control unit which reduces the speed of the rotor of the wind turbine by changing the pitch angle of the rotor blades when an error such. B. an overfrequency in the supply network is detected. By the control unit thus the speed of the rotor is reduced.
• the control unit thus the speed of the rotor is reduced.
• the rotor can not be stopped immediately and immediately. Rather, the wind turbine z. B. take a few seconds to stop the rotor completely. During this time, the electric generator coupled to the rotor continues to generate electrical power which is output to the utility grid.
• the control unit can be switched to an error mode when an error (exceeding or falling below a limit value for the parameters of the supply network) occurs in the supply network.
• the control unit activates the chopper to convert the power generated by the generator into heat via the chopper and the at least one load resistor.
• the electric power generated by the generator from detecting the fault in the supply network from the wind turbine when reducing the rotational speed of the rotor is converted into heat via the chopper.
• the error represents an overfrequency in the network, which indicates that too much power is fed into the grid or that too little power is consumed.
• the overfrequency either less energy must be fed into the supply network or more energy must be taken from the supply network.
• the wind turbine can be used, for example, in the absence of wind and in the presence of a fault in the supply network (for example, overfrequency) to absorb power from the supply network and into heat via the chopper and the load resistor coupled thereto, so that Wind turbine then as an electrical consumer rather coupled with the supply network.
• a fault in the supply network for example, overfrequency
• a utility company may influence the operation of the wind turbine. This can be done in particular in the event of a fault in the supply network.
• a wind turbine z. B. shut down in case of a fault in the supply network and the power generated during shutdown can be converted according to the invention via the chopper into heat. This can be achieved that the wind turbine is taken from the grid very quickly and does not feed power into the supply network.
• the method according to the invention for operating the wind energy plant can also be used when an overvoltage in the network is detected.
• a frequency change of the grid frequency can be detected and the wind turbine can, for. B. be driven down when exceeding a limit for the frequency change and the power generated thereby can be converted into heat by means of the chopper and the load resistor. This can z. B. in an emergency, the power delivered quickly lowered to zero.
• FIG. 1A shows a schematic representation of a wind turbine according to the invention
• FIG. 1 B is a schematic representation of a wind farm according to the invention
• FIG. 3 is a graph showing a method according to a second embodiment of the invention.
• FIG Fig. 4 shows a graph for illustrating the method according to the invention.
• Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a wind turbine according to the invention.
• Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a wind turbine according to the invention.
• the wind energy plant 100 has a tower 102 and a pod 104.
• a rotor 106 with three rotor blades 108 and a spinner 110 is provided at the nacelle 104.
• the rotor 106 is set in rotation by the wind in rotation and thereby has an electric generator in the nacelle 104.
• the pitch of the rotor blades 108 can be changed by pitch motors on the rotor blade roots of the respective rotor blades 108.
• the wind turbine 100 further has a control unit 120 for controlling the operation of the wind turbine and an electrical consumer z. B. in the form of a chopper 400.
• the electrical load 400 is used to consume and, in particular, convert heat to energy that the wind turbine has generated but can not deliver to the utility grid.
• FIG. 1B shows a schematic representation of a wind farm with multiple wind turbines.
• FIG. 2 shows in particular a wind farm 112 with three wind turbines 100, which may be the same or different.
• the three wind turbines 100 are representative of virtually any number of wind turbines 100 of a wind farm 112.
• the wind turbines 100 provide their power, namely, in particular, the power generated, via an electric park network 114.
• the respective generated currents or powers of the individual wind turbines 100 are added up and optionally, a transformer 116 may be provided, which transforms the voltage in the parking network up to then at the feed point 118, which is also commonly referred to as (Point of Common Coupling) PCC to feed into the supply network 130.
• a transformer may be provided at the output of each of the wind turbines 100.
• At least one wind turbine 100 is provided according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, ie it is not necessary for a wind turbine be provided park.
• the invention is also applicable to a wind farm with multiple wind turbines.
• a measuring unit 140 may be coupled to the utility grid 130 to detect the grid frequency, the grid voltage, and / or a change in grid frequency or grid voltage.
• a consumer 400 for converting electrical energy z. B. provided in heat may, for example, be configured as a chopper 400.
• the consumer may optionally have control electronics to control the operation of the consumer.
• the electrical load 400 may be provided in the wind turbine.
• the electrical load 400 may also be provided centrally in a wind farm.
• a central wind farm control unit can be provided, which can control the operation of the wind farm and the operation of the respective wind turbines.
• the central wind farm control unit FCU can activate the first and / or second operating mode for each of the wind energy installations according to the invention.
• the central wind farm control unit FCU may have a data input, with which the power supply companies can control the central wind farm control unit FCU such that the first and / or second error mode can be activated.
• FIG. 2 shows a graph for illustrating the method according to a first exemplary embodiment.
• FIG. 2 shows the course of the electrical power P output by the wind energy plant over time and the course of the network frequency f over time.
• the wind turbine according to the second embodiment may be based on the wind turbine shown in FIG.
• the grid frequency rises above the value 50 hertz. From time t1, the power output by the wind turbine is typically reduced to zero.
• the wind turbine has a control unit 120 for controlling the operation of the wind turbine.
• the control unit 120 of the wind power plant receives continuously or at regular intervals, the current parameters of a supply network. These parameters can represent, for example, the mains voltage and the mains frequency.
• the control unit 120 is configured to compare these parameters with stored limits. If the sensed parameters exceed or fall below the stored limits, then the controller 120 may switch to an error mode.
• the wind turbine In the error mode, the wind turbine is to be controlled so that it no longer delivers electrical power to the grid.
• the pitch angles of the rotor blades are typically changed so that the rotor blades are moved into the feathering position (minimum attack surface relative to the wind). This reduces the speed of the rotor of the wind turbine to zero.
• the wind turbine due to the direct or indirect coupling of the rotor with the electric generator of the wind turbine electric power (in Fig. 2 shown hatched) generate and deliver to the supply network.
• the control unit 120 is configured to activate at least one load 400 (eg a chopper and a load resistor eg in a power cabinet of the wind turbine) when activating the fault mode:
• the power cabinet of the wind turbine has next to Chopper 400 z. B. on an inverter of the wind turbine. If the chopper 400 is activated in the wind turbine's power cabinet upon activation of the fault mode (ie, detection of a fault in the utility grid), then the electric generator power still generated by the rotor when reducing the speed of the rotor (Chopper and the load resistance) are converted into heat, for example. It can thus be achieved that the wind energy plant no longer delivers power to the supply network as soon as the fault mode is activated (that is, as soon as a fault is detected in the supply network).
• the fault mode ie, detection of a fault in the utility grid
• An example of a fault in the utility network is an overfrequency (ie, the frequency within the utility network is above a cutoff frequency).
• an overfrequency ie, the frequency within the utility network is above a cutoff frequency.
• the power delivered to the utility network must be reduced as quickly as possible.
• the after activation of the Error mode generated by the wind turbine power according to the invention is converted by the consumer (chopper and the load resistance) into heat.
• the power delivered by the wind energy plant to the supply network is abruptly reduced to zero.
• a sudden shutdown of the power delivered by the wind turbine to the power grid can be made possible.
• Another example of a fault is an internal fault of the wind turbine which has an emergency shutdown, i. H. immediate shutdown, necessary.
• FIG 3 shows a graph for illustrating a method for controlling the wind energy plant according to a second exemplary embodiment.
• the wind turbine acts as a consumer on the utility grid and thus can absorb power from the utility grid and convert it into heat through the chopper.
• the wind turbine according to the first embodiment may include a power receiving mode.
• the wind turbine can be connected as a consumer to the supply network and can draw power from the supply network. This power can then be converted into heat by the consumer 400 (chopper and the load resistor).
• the power consumption mode may be, for. Activated by the control unit when there is no wind (i.e., the wind turbine is not delivering power to the utility grid) and an error occurs in the utility grid (such as an overfrequency).
• the second way can be followed and the wind turbine can act as an electrical load and can receive electrical power from the supply network and through the chopper z. B. convert to heat.
• the power receiving mode according to the second embodiment can be activated by the control unit after the wind turbine according to the first embodiment has been reduced to zero in the error mode, the power output to the power grid.
• the control unit of the wind turbine can switch to the power consumption mode and remove electrical power from the supply network and converted by the consumer (chopper), for example, into heat.
• the capacity of the consumer (chopper) used, as well as the number of choppers used and load resistances, defines the ability of the wind turbine to be converted into heat by the chopper in an error mode of operation to convert the power generated by the wind turbine.
• Fig. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the power output from the wind turbine and the grid frequency. If the frequency is within permissible limits, the maximum possible power P of the wind turbine is fed into the grid.
• the frequency is below the limit, then more power should be delivered to the utility grid. If the frequency is above a first limit value, then the power delivered by the wind turbine into the electrical grid is reduced with increasing frequency. If the grid frequency exceeds a second threshold, then the wind turbine is downshifted, and according to the first embodiment, the electrical power generated in shutting down the wind turbine is consumed by a consumer (chopper and a load resistor) and thus not fed into the grid. Thus, from reaching a second limit, no more power is fed into the grid.
• the wind energy installation according to the invention can have a (data) input 300, via which an energy supply company can influence the operation or the control of the wind energy plant.
• the wind energy plant can be controlled according to a request of the power utility companies RU so that the wind turbine no longer delivers power to the grid. This may be done in accordance with the first Example, with the difference that no error in the supply network is detected, but that the activation of the error mode by the utility company EVU occurs.
• the power consumption mode can also be activated via the power supply companies.
• a frequency change of the network frequency can be monitored, and if the frequency change exceeds a threshold, then the fault mode according to the first embodiment can be activated.
• the wind turbine to an emergency such. B. react a large change in frequency of the grid frequency.
• a wind farm with a plurality of wind turbines and a central wind farm control unit is provided.
• the central wind farm control unit can be connected to the wind energy plants via a data bus and can influence the control of the wind energy plants. This can z. B. the central wind farm control unit (farm control unit FCU) initiate activation of the error mode according to the first embodiment.
• the error mode according to the first embodiment can be activated by the control unit of the wind turbine, by the central parking control unit or by the power supply company.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
• Wind Motors (AREA)
• Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=50513897

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (17)

Families Citing this family (6)

Citations (1)

Family Cites Families (17)

• 2013
  • 2013-04-08 DE DE102013206119.6A patent/DE102013206119A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2014
  • 2014-04-04 NZ NZ711625A patent/NZ711625A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2014-04-04 MX MX2015013828A patent/MX2015013828A/es unknown
  • 2014-04-04 EP EP14718356.0A patent/EP2984336A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2014-04-04 WO PCT/EP2014/056783 patent/WO2014166824A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2014-04-04 BR BR112015025110A patent/BR112015025110A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2014-04-04 KR KR1020157031926A patent/KR101767808B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2014-04-04 CA CA2903995A patent/CA2903995A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2014-04-04 AU AU2014253352A patent/AU2014253352B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2014-04-04 CN CN201480019317.8A patent/CN105074203A/zh active Pending
  • 2014-04-04 RU RU2015145979A patent/RU2635000C2/ru active
  • 2014-04-04 JP JP2016505836A patent/JP6138341B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2014-04-08 AR ARP140101507A patent/AR095792A1/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2014-04-08 TW TW103112872A patent/TW201508170A/zh unknown
• 2015
  • 2015-08-28 ZA ZA2015/06324A patent/ZA201506324B/en unknown
  • 2015-09-01 US US14/842,413 patent/US20160032891A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2015-10-05 CL CL2015002965A patent/CL2015002965A1/es unknown

Patent Citations (1)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events