EP2979552A1 - Nanoporöse aktivkohlen als additive in tabak zur verringerung der emission von giftstoffen - Google Patents

Nanoporöse aktivkohlen als additive in tabak zur verringerung der emission von giftstoffen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2979552A1
EP2979552A1 EP14773186.3A EP14773186A EP2979552A1 EP 2979552 A1 EP2979552 A1 EP 2979552A1 EP 14773186 A EP14773186 A EP 14773186A EP 2979552 A1 EP2979552 A1 EP 2979552A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tobacco
comprised
activated carbons
particle size
volume
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14773186.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2979552A4 (de
Inventor
Antonio Marcilla Gomis
María Isabel BELTRÁN RICO
Amparo GÓMEZ SIURANA
Deseada BERENGUER MUÑOZ
Isabel MARTÍNEZ CASTELLANOS
Francisco Rodriguez Reinoso
Antonio SEPÚLVEDA ESCRIBANO
Manuel MARTÍNEZ ESCANDELL
Joaquín SILVESTRE ALBERO
Ana SILVESTRE ALBERO
Mateus C. MONTEIRO DE CASTRO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universidad de Alicante
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Universidad de Alicante
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Application filed by Universidad de Alicante filed Critical Universidad de Alicante
Publication of EP2979552A1 publication Critical patent/EP2979552A1/de
Publication of EP2979552A4 publication Critical patent/EP2979552A4/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
    • A24B15/42—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic and inorganic substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
    • A24B15/285—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances characterised by structural features, e.g. particle shape or size
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
    • A24B15/287—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by inorganic substances only
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
    • A24D3/163—Carbon

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of nanoporous activated carbons as additives for reducing the toxic and carcinogenic compounds present in tobacco smoke.
  • the smoke generated during combustion of tobacco contains a number of toxic and carcinogenic compounds, which are inhaled by both active and passive smokers, and which make tobacco a major cause of mortality worldwide.
  • the habit of smoking tobacco is a global problem with very negative consequences on the health of human beings, with a very significant impact on the departments or ceremonies of health.
  • mainstream consisting of smoke that the smoker inhales and exhales directly from the cigarette
  • sidestream consisting of smoke eliminated through the burning cigarette, which is diluted in the surrounding air and is inhaled by passive smokers.
  • Patent US75552735 describes a filter formed by bundles of activated carbon fibres distributed in a conventional filter. It also describes the helical arrangement of such bundles, as well as the addition of other adsorbent particles.
  • Patent US7784471 describes the use of spherical particles of activated carbon to fill cavities in conventional filters and retain certain compounds.
  • Patent US7484511 describes the use of activated carbons in filters to release aromas when smoke passes therethrough.
  • Mesoporous activated carbons can be obtained by processes of physical activation with CO 2 using catalysts such as iron or calcium salts, or by chemical activation with different precursors, such as petroleum tars or coal, anthracites, certain types of petroleum coke or polymers, using high proportions of activating agent, typically phosphoric acid, sodium or potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate.
  • catalysts such as iron or calcium salts
  • precursors such as petroleum tars or coal, anthracites, certain types of petroleum coke or polymers
  • activating agent typically phosphoric acid, sodium or potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate.
  • Such materials are described, for example, in the bibliography, and can achieve characteristics such as BET surface areas ranging between 0-3500 m2/g, total pore volume between 0 and 2.5 cm3/g and micropore volume between 0 and 1.5 cm3/g ( Carbon, 47 (2009) 195-200 ; Chemistry and Physics of Carbon (2008), 30, 1-62 ; Energy & Fuels 2002, 16, 1321-1328 ; Journal of Porous Materials 5, 43-58 (1998 ); Carbon 48 (2010) 636-644 ; Fuel Processing Technology (2013), 106, 501-510 .
  • the present invention describes a new application of these materials which consists of the use of this type of activated carbons and super activated mesoporous mixed directly with tobacco, so they are present in the process of combustion of tobacco and have a particle size and morphology that do not cross the conventional filter and with the aim of reducing the toxic and carcinogenic substances in the tobacco smoke.
  • the present invention relates to the use of mesoporous activated carbons with a particle size comprised between 1-100 ⁇ m, of high degree of activation, with a surface S BET comprised between 1200-4200 m 2 /g, a volume V MIC comprised between 0.4-1.2 cm 3 /g and a volume V MESO comprised between 0.6-2.8 cm 3 /g as an additive to reduce toxic and carcinogenic substances in the tobacco smoke.
  • the mesoporous activated carbons have a particle size between 2-20 ⁇ m. More particularly, the particle size of the mesoporous activated carbons is between 5-15 ⁇ m.
  • the mesoporous activated carbons are impregnated with materials of the type of carbonates or hydroxides of metals, such as Na, Ca, Fe, Ce or Zr, or mixed with zeolite or aluminosilicates, or mixed with acid or sodium forms, or exchanged with oxides of Fe, Ce, or Zr or mixtures thereof, of zeolites or aluminosilicates.
  • metals such as Na, Ca, Fe, Ce or Zr
  • zeolite or aluminosilicates or mixed with acid or sodium forms, or exchanged with oxides of Fe, Ce, or Zr or mixtures thereof, of zeolites or aluminosilicates.
  • the present invention relates to a mixture comprising dry tobacco and mesoporous activated carbons, with a particle size comprised between 1-100 ⁇ m, with a surface S BET comprised between 1200-4200 m 2 /g, a volume V MIC comprised between 0.4-1.2 cm 3 /g and a volume V MESO comprised between 0.6-2.8 cm 3 /g as an additive.
  • the mesoporous activated carbons have a particle size between 2-20 ⁇ m. More particularly, the particle size of the mesoporous activated carbons is between 5-15 ⁇ m.
  • the mesoporous activated carbons of the mixture are in a concentration comprised between 0.5-15% by weight with respect to dry tobacco. More particularly, the mesoporous activated carbons of the mixture are in a concentration comprised between 2-7% by weight with respect to dry tobacco.
  • the mesoporous activated carbons of the mixture have a particle size comprised between 5 and 15 ⁇ m, a surface S BET greater than 3000 m 2 /g, a volume V MIC greater than 1.1 cm 3 /g and a volume V MESO greater than 2.0 cm 3 /g.
  • the present invention relates to the use of activated carbons mixed with tobacco so that they are present in the process of combustion of tobacco.
  • the mechanism by which these materials are more or less active in the reduction of emissions of certain substances in the process of pyrolysis and combustion of tobacco can be of a different nature.
  • the presence of this type of materials due to their composition, essentially carbon, can contribute to the rise in temperature of the cigarette ember by its own burning, substantially changing the process of pyrolysis of the tobacco in areas close to the ember, as well as the burning of the tobacco.
  • their combustion mainly generates carbon dioxide and water, so they do not contribute to the generation of nicotine and tar.
  • cigarettes of reference 3R4F from the University of Kentucky and tobacco cigarettes from two trademarks in which different activated carbons were incorporated were smoked using a smoking machine that functioned in accordance with the following operation variables:
  • Cigarettes were prepared using the procedure described in "Cigarette preparation conditions" and using the activated carbons, the textural characteristics of which are shown in Table 1 (textural characteristics of used activated carbons).
  • Figure 1 shows the corresponding isotherms of N 2 adsorption at 77 K. It can be seen that carbons of high degree of activation and different percentage of mesoporosity have been used.
  • Table 2 shows the mixtures tested as an example of the effect of different activated carbons on the tobaccos of reference 3R4F and two commercial tobaccos (TOBACCO 1 and TOBACCO 2).
  • Table 2 Mixtures studied 3R4F+LMA-414 3R4F+LMA-285 3R4F+LMA-285-Ca TOBACCO 1 + LMA-41 TOBACCO 1 + LMA-414 TOBACCO 1 + LMA-47 TOBACCO 2 + LMA-47
  • Table 3 shows the content of CO and CO 2 in the tobacco smoke generated under controlled conditions.
  • Table 4 shows the percentage of carbon, number of puffs, tobacco amount per cigarette, and TPM obtained by smoking tobacco under controlled conditions.
  • Table 4 Sample % carbon puffs mg tobacco / cigarette TPM (mg / cigarette) 3R4F 0.00 8 0.797 6.03 3R4F+LMA-414 3.97 8 0.796 1.08 3R4F+LMA-285 4.18 9 0.841 5.45 3R4F+LMA-285-Ca 4.13 8 0.836 4.18 TOBACCO 1 0.00 8 0.817 6.23 TOBACCO 1 + LMA-41 4.44 8 0.823 3.10 TOBACCO 1 + LMA-414 3.93 8 0.770 2.60 TOBACCO 1 + LMA-47 3.96 8 0.806 3.73 TOBACCO 2 0.00 8 0.838 5.63 TOBACCO 2 + LMA-47 3.71 8.5 0.854 0.87
  • Table 5 shows the generation (mg compound/cigarette) of different toxic compounds present in the gases collected in the Tedlar bag after smoking tobacco under controlled conditions.
  • Table 6 shows the generation (mg compound/cigarette) of different toxic compounds present in the condensable products retained in the trap subsequent to the filter when smoking tobacco under controlled conditions.
  • Table 6 Sample Nicotine Phenol p-Cresol Hydroquinone Miosmine Cotinine 3R4F 4.77E-01 1.80E-04 -- 2.23E-03 2.46E-03 2.41 E-03 3R4F+LMA-414 1.94E-01 -- -- -- -- 6.60E-04 3R4F+LMA-285-Ca 3.06E-01 -- -- 3.06E-03 8.20E-04 1.35E-03 TOBACCO 1 4.67E-01 5.50E-04 -- 3.94E-03 1.24E-03 2.83E-03 TOBACCO 1 + LMA-414 1.91E-01 -- -- 1.52E-03 5.40E-04 4.70E-04 TOBACCO 2 4.56E-01 1.25E-03 1.15E-03 1.75E-02 2.74E-03 4.01 E-03 TOBACCO 2 + LMA-47 5.22E-02 -- --
  • Tables 3 to 6 evidence that some of the activated carbons considered in the examples, especially those of higher mesoporous character, provide a significant reduction in the amount of toxic compounds found in tobacco smoke, being especially appreciable in the compounds analysed in the condensed liquid fraction.
  • all peaks experience a noticeable reduction, as shown for some selected exemplary compounds in the tables above. Many of the compounds are virtually eliminated in the presence of the catalyst.
  • This reduction in turn means a reduction in the potential negative effects caused by tobacco smoke in active and passive smokers, without causing appreciable changes in tobacco organoleptic properties, flavour and consistency, and without the apparent generation of other undesirable compounds. Furthermore, not only toxic compounds are reduced, but, in general, it also appreciably reduces the total amount of gases and liquids that are formed when smoking the cigarette (total particulate matter, TPM, plus liquids retained in the filter), while increasing the solid residue together with the ashes. Moreover, no presence of the catalyst in the filters has been detected.
  • the use of some of these additives causes a significant reduction of the toxic substances that are present in the tobacco smoke, such as CO, nicotine, etc., as well as the total amount of liquid and gaseous products.
  • the results obtained for the production of CO and CO 2 are shown expressed in mg of compound/cigarette for a reference cigarette and for mixtures with some of the activated carbons, which may be considered representative of the rest.
  • the amount of CO obtained when some of the activated carbons were used is reduced from 20 to 50%, depending on the tobacco used, while that of CO 2 is reduced in the order of 10-30%. In some cases, carbons do not produce reductions in these compounds.
  • the studied materials also reduce the amount of condensed liquid products reaching a reduction of TPM between 20-80% the value obtained in the reference cigarette.
  • Table 5 shows, by way of example, the results for the production of some of the toxic and carcinogenic compounds present in tobacco smoke.
  • the use of the proposed additives provides a reduction of more than 20% for many compounds, although, as discussed above, the reductions achieved in the gaseous fraction are less than those achieved in the condensed liquid fraction.
  • Figures 3 to 5 and 6 to 8 show two chromatograms corresponding to the liquid contained in the Cambridge filters (subject to identical processes for the extraction and corresponding to smoking 10 cigarettes) when the tobacco 3R4F and TOBACCO 1 were smoked and mixed with the carbon AML-414, respectively.
  • the chromatograms have been divided into three to clearly observe the various compounds, for this, the central area thereof, corresponding to retention times where nicotine appears (major component) are displayed enlarged in the y-axis.
  • all mixtures described may also be prepared by using speed mixers, fluidised or driven beds and any other equipment that promotes the mixture between the tobacco fibre and the additive. Sieves can also be used to separate and recirculate the additive that has not been fixed onto the tobacco fibres.
  • a dispenser can be used that provides the proper amount of catalyst for the preparation of blond, black, leaf bite, rolling, pipe tobacco, and any other capable of being smoked.
  • This dispenser may be a blister, where each cavity contains the selected amount (between 5 and 70 mg, so as to obtain between 0.5 and 10% with respect to tobacco, which will be usually consumed in portions of about 1 g tobacco), individual capsules containing such quantities, a container including a calibrated or graduated spoon or any other calibrated dispenser or packaging form allowing the proper dosage.
  • the content of the calibrated dispenser or selected container is poured onto the tobacco fibre and thoroughly mixed by hand. This procedure guarantees excellent results, which are as good as those presented in Tables 3 to 6.
  • activated carbons can also be used mixed with other additives or impregnated with non-toxic materials of the type of compounds of potassium, calcium, sodium, iron, which can modify their performance and the evolution of CO type compounds.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
EP14773186.3A 2013-03-27 2014-03-20 Nanoporöse aktivkohlen als additive in tabak zur verringerung der emission von giftstoffen Withdrawn EP2979552A4 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES201300305A ES2499990B1 (es) 2013-03-27 2013-03-27 Carbones activados nanoporosos como aditivos en el tabaco para reducir la emisión de productos tóxicos
PCT/ES2014/070204 WO2014154920A1 (es) 2013-03-27 2014-03-20 Carbones activados nanoporosos como aditivos en el tabaco para reducir la emisión de productos tóxicos

Publications (2)

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EP2979552A1 true EP2979552A1 (de) 2016-02-03
EP2979552A4 EP2979552A4 (de) 2016-12-14

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EP14773186.3A Withdrawn EP2979552A4 (de) 2013-03-27 2014-03-20 Nanoporöse aktivkohlen als additive in tabak zur verringerung der emission von giftstoffen

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EP (1) EP2979552A4 (de)
ES (1) ES2499990B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2014154920A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2528338B1 (es) * 2014-10-31 2015-11-12 Universidad De Alicante Productos susceptibles de ser fumados con sistema de liberación controlada de nicotina y catalizador para la reducción de los compuestos tóxicos

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1377184B2 (de) 2001-02-22 2015-05-13 Philip Morris Products S.A. Zigarette und filter mit dahinter angeordnetem geschmackszusatz
BR0309187B1 (pt) 2002-04-12 2013-02-19 filtro de cigarro para remover os constituintes da fase gasosa da fumaÇa do cigarro e cigarro compreendendo um bastço de tabaco e um filtro.
US7784471B2 (en) 2003-01-09 2010-08-31 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Cigarette filter with beaded carbon
US8439047B2 (en) * 2003-12-22 2013-05-14 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Composite mesoporous/microporous materials and their use in smoking articles for removing certain gas phase constituents from tobacco smoke
GB0506278D0 (en) * 2005-03-29 2005-05-04 British American Tobacco Co Porous carbon materials and smoking articles and smoke filters therefor incorporating such materials
US8119555B2 (en) * 2008-11-20 2012-02-21 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Carbonaceous material having modified pore structure
CN101439857B (zh) 2008-12-11 2011-03-02 武汉科技大学 一种介孔活性炭及其制备方法
GB0904196D0 (en) * 2009-03-11 2009-04-22 British American Tobacco Co Methods for increasing mesopores in adsorbents
US8905037B2 (en) 2009-10-15 2014-12-09 Philip Morris Inc. Enhanced subjective activated carbon cigarette
CN102398903A (zh) * 2010-09-10 2012-04-04 英美烟草(投资)有限公司 活性碳材料

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Publication number Publication date
EP2979552A4 (de) 2016-12-14
ES2499990B1 (es) 2015-09-04
ES2499990A1 (es) 2014-09-29
WO2014154920A1 (es) 2014-10-02

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