EP2975622A1 - Method for determining the wear electrical contacts of a switching apparatus - Google Patents

Method for determining the wear electrical contacts of a switching apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2975622A1
EP2975622A1 EP15175514.7A EP15175514A EP2975622A1 EP 2975622 A1 EP2975622 A1 EP 2975622A1 EP 15175514 A EP15175514 A EP 15175514A EP 2975622 A1 EP2975622 A1 EP 2975622A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrical contacts
electrical
contacts
duration
tref
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Granted
Application number
EP15175514.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2975622B1 (en
Inventor
Emmanuel SENECHAULT
Cécile VENET
Laurent CARBONE
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication of EP2975622A1 publication Critical patent/EP2975622A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/0062—Testing or measuring non-electrical properties of switches, e.g. contact velocity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/044—Monitoring, detection or measuring systems to establish the end of life of the switching device, can also contain other on-line monitoring systems, e.g. for detecting mechanical failures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for determining the wear of the electrical contacts of a switch electrical apparatus.
  • a switch-type electrical switch device for example of three-pole type, comprises an electromagnetic actuator with a control coil, a fixed yoke and a movable armature.
  • the apparatus further comprises a movable member set in motion by the actuator and carrying for each pole at least one movable contact adapted to move relative to a fixed contact between an open state and a closed state by means of the actuator. In the closed state, each movable contact is crushed against the corresponding fixed contact by means of a pole spring.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method of determining the wear of the electrical contacts of a switch electrical device, which is reliable and easy to implement, even on already installed devices.
  • the piezoelectric sensor is fixed on the surface of the housing of the electrical switch device and is for example of the PVDF or PVDF-TrFe type.
  • a switch-type electrical switch device comprises, in known manner, an electromagnetic type actuator 1, one or more poles (for example three poles for a three-pole contactor) with, for each pole, a movable member set in motion by the actuator, one or more movable contacts 21 carried by the movable member and one or more fixed contacts 20.
  • the actuator 1 more particularly comprises a fixed yoke 10 and a movable armature 11 adapted to move relative to the fixed yoke 10 between two positions , an open position ( Figure 1A ) and a closed position ( figure 1C ).
  • the electromagnetic actuator also comprises a control coil 3 controlled by a control current in order to move the mobile armature 11 from its open position to its closed position and a return spring 4 positioned between its fixed yoke 10 and its mobile armature 11 to move the movable armature 11 from its closed position to its open position.
  • the movable member is for example a movable double break bridge carrying two movable contacts 21 movable between two states, an open state and a closed state, according to the position of the movable armature 11 of the actuator 1.
  • the electrical apparatus comprises a pole spring 5 for crushing the movable contacts 21 against the fixed contacts 20 when the movable armature 11 is in the closed position.
  • the invention described below will be able to operate with a simple rupture type mobile member.
  • Figures 1A to 1D show only one pole of the electrical switch device. It should be understood that the invention applies to all the poles of the apparatus.
  • the movable armature 11 is in its closing stroke by injecting a control current into the control coil 3 of the actuator 1.
  • the control current must be sufficient to counter the effort provided. by the return spring 4.
  • the movable contacts 21 are brought to the closed state by the actuator 1 but the pole spring 5 is not biased.
  • the movable armature 11 completes its closing stroke and is kept in its closed position relative to the fixed yoke 10 by injecting a sufficient control current into the control coil 3 of the actuator 1.
  • the return spring 4 is compressed to the maximum between the movable armature 11 and the fixed breech 10.
  • the movable contacts 21 are kept in the closed state and are crushed against the fixed contacts 20 by means of the pole spring 5 which is compressed by the actuator 1. The forces are distributed over all the parts of the mechanism of the device, including their envelopes.
  • the pole springs 5 will be more or less compressed and the force provided by the actuator 1 will be more or less important. Indeed, the less the contacts 20, 21 are worn, the more pole springs 5 are compressed and therefore the force provided by the actuator 1 to compress these springs must be important. The deformations experienced by the mechanism and the envelope will also be larger.
  • the principle of the invention consists in using a piezoelectric sensor to detect a duration of closure of the contacts and to deduce the evolution of wear of the contacts over time.
  • the invention consists in particular in using a piezoelectric sensor 6 of the PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) or PVDF-TrFe type.
  • This type of sensor is particularly thin and flexible, which allows it to be easily integrated on any type of product, even if the product has no significant surface or free volume.
  • PVDF or PVDF-TrFe sensors can be easily integrated, for example by simply gluing, at the most relevant location, using a volume extremely weak (thickness ⁇ 100um). It is resistant to mechanical aggression and is autonomous in energy: it provides the energy needed to process information by transforming the vibration it receives into an electrical signal. Its geometry can also be modified to adapt to technical constraints, the design of electrodes deposited by printing or PVD being easily modifiable.
  • the metal electrodes are deposited on the piezoelectric material (PVDF film or PVDF-TrFe) by ink deposition (printing, "spin coating") or PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) metal deposition. The same pattern is deposited on each side of the PVDF film. These two electrodes make it possible to recover and transmit the voltage generated during the mechanical stressing of the film.
  • the invention thus consists in integrating this sensor 6 on a switch electrical apparatus where significant shocks and mechanical vibrations are present.
  • the sensor can easily detect these shocks and vibrations by sending an electrical signal representing the electrical signature of the device. This signal must then be analyzed by signal processing to be usable.
  • the sensor can be integrated from the manufacture of the product or a posteriori with for example a remote wear diagnostic solution.
  • the sensor 6 can for example be fixed on the housing 7 of the electrical apparatus, outside of it ( Figures 1C and 1D ).
  • the sensor 6 is fixed by gluing on the product casing (non-intrusive integration).
  • the senor 6 is used to determine the degree of wear of the contacts of the electrical switch device.
  • the invention consists in fixing the PVDF PVDF-TrFe piezoelectric sensor on the electrical switch apparatus, preferably on its housing 7, outside thereof.
  • the sensor 6 is connected to a processing unit UC intended to collect the voltages generated at the output of the sensor and to process them to formulate a diagnosis of the electrical switch device analyzed.
  • the processing unit UC can be integrated into the electrical switch device or outside it.
  • a learning step is first implemented by the processing unit UC, using a determination module, to determine a reference duration Tref ( figure 1C ) closing the contacts and, with the aid of a memory module, for storing this reference duration Tref.
  • This reference period Tref is preferably determined when the electrical contacts are new. On the figure 2 , it corresponds to the duration between an initial instant TO (always identical, for example when the voltage is still zero at the output of the sensor) and an instant corresponding to the peak of the voltage Vref measured by the sensor 6 fixed on the electrical switch device .
  • the processing unit UC stores the reference duration Tref.
  • the processing unit UC switches to normal operating mode.
  • the processing unit UC monitors the displacement of the peak voltage in time, this voltage peak being representative at each cycle of the instant of closure of the electrical contacts and therefore the duration of closure of the contacts electric (compared to TO). Over time, the difference between the closing time Ti determined and the reference duration Tref increases, which means that the wear of the contacts increases.
  • the processing unit comprises a module M1 for determining the instant of closing of the electrical contacts from the peak of the voltage Vi obtained at the output of the sensor 6 (see curve Vi on the figure 2 ). For example, at each cycle or randomly, the closing time Ti of the contacts (determined with respect to TO) is injected into a comparison module M2 of the processing unit UC.
  • This comparison module M2 compares the closing time Ti with the reference duration Tref, for example by calculating the difference.
  • the processing unit UC is then arranged to determine a degree of wear of the electrical contacts 20, 21.
  • the difference or degree determined is compared with a stored threshold value S1. If this threshold value S1 is exceeded, the processing unit UC is arranged to generate an output signal Sout synonymous with the wear of the contacts being pronounced and that the apparatus must then be replaced ( Figure 1 D) .
  • the solution of the invention thus has many advantages. It is easy to implement because the sensor can be simply stuck on the housing of the electrical device. The processing of the voltages obtained at the output is easy and the switching times can be easily detected. Moreover, the sensor has the advantage of being very insensitive to the type of support on which the device is mounted or to the disturbances of its environment. The opening-closing cycles of a neighboring contactor are, for example, not detected and do not disturb the measurements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de détermination de l'usure des contacts électriques d'un appareil électrique interrupteur, le procédé comportant les étapes suivantes : - Détermination d'une durée de référence (Tref) de fermeture des contacts électriques lorsque les contacts électriques sont neufs, par détection d'un pic de tension mesuré à l'aide d'un capteur piézoélectrique (6) fixé à l'appareil électrique interrupteur, - Mémorisation de la durée de référence (Tref) déterminée, - Détermination d'au moins une durée de fermeture (Ti) des contacts électriques par détection d'un pic de tension en sortie dudit capteur piézoélectrique (6), - Comparaison de la durée de fermeture (Ti) déterminée avec la durée de référence (Tref) en vue de déterminer un degré d'usure des contacts électriques.The invention relates to a method for determining the wear of the electrical contacts of a switch electrical apparatus, the method comprising the following steps: - Determination of a reference duration (Tref) for closing the electrical contacts when the electrical contacts are new, by detecting a voltage peak measured using a piezoelectric sensor (6) attached to the electrical device light switch, Memorizing the determined reference duration (Tref), - Determination of at least one closing time (Ti) of the electrical contacts by detecting a voltage peak at the output of said piezoelectric sensor (6), - Comparison of the closing time (Ti) determined with the reference period (Tref) to determine a degree of wear of the electrical contacts.

Description

Domaine technique de l'inventionTechnical field of the invention

La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé de détermination de l'usure des contacts électriques d'un appareil électrique interrupteur.The present invention relates to a method for determining the wear of the electrical contacts of a switch electrical apparatus.

Etat de la techniqueState of the art

Pour rappel, un appareil électrique interrupteur de type contacteur, par exemple de type tripolaire, comporte un actionneur électromagnétique doté d'une bobine de commande, d'une culasse fixe et d'une armature mobile. Lorsqu'un courant suffisant est injecté dans la bobine de commande, l'armature mobile se déplace en direction de la culasse fixe en allant à l'encontre d'un ressort de rappel. L'appareil comporte en outre un organe mobile mis en mouvement par l'actionneur et portant pour chaque pôle au moins un contact mobile apte à se déplacer par rapport à un contact fixe entre un état ouvert et un état fermé grâce à l'actionneur. A l'état fermé, chaque contact mobile est écrasé contre le contact fixe correspondant à l'aide d'un ressort de pôle.As a reminder, a switch-type electrical switch device, for example of three-pole type, comprises an electromagnetic actuator with a control coil, a fixed yoke and a movable armature. When a sufficient current is injected into the control coil, the moving armature moves toward the fixed yoke against a return spring. The apparatus further comprises a movable member set in motion by the actuator and carrying for each pole at least one movable contact adapted to move relative to a fixed contact between an open state and a closed state by means of the actuator. In the closed state, each movable contact is crushed against the corresponding fixed contact by means of a pole spring.

Il est connu du brevet EP0694937B1 un procédé pour estimer la durée de vie résiduelle des contacts fixe et mobile d'un appareil de commutation de type contacteur. Ce procédé consiste à utiliser la corrélation entre la modification de la pression entre les contacts pendant l'opération d'ouverture et la durée de vie résiduelle de l'appareil de commutation. Pour cela le brevet consiste à mesurer le temps qui sépare le début de l'ouverture de l'armature mobile de l'actionneur du début de l'ouverture des contacts, c'est-à-dire le temps de déplacement à l'ouverture de l'armature mobile par rapport à la culasse fixe, et de le convertir en durée de vie résiduelle des contacts. Le temps mesuré est dépendant de plusieurs paramètres, notamment de la course d'écrasement des contacts mobiles contre les contacts fixes réalisée à l'aide des ressorts de pôle et de la pression de contact exercée grâce au courant injecté dans la bobine. Cette démarche qui s'appuie sur la mesure de ce temps est donc dépendante de beaucoup de paramètres différents, ce qui peut altérer sa fiabilité et compliquer les modes de calcul de la durée de vie résiduelle de l'appareil.It is known from the patent EP0694937B1 a method for estimating the residual life of the fixed and movable contacts of a contactor switching apparatus. This method consists in using the correlation between the change in the pressure between the contacts during the opening operation and the residual life of the switching device. For this purpose the patent consists in measuring the time which separates the beginning of the opening of the moving armature of the actuator from the beginning of the opening of the contacts, that is to say the movement time at the opening. mobile armature relative to the fixed yoke, and convert it into residual life of the contacts. The measured time is dependent on several parameters, including the crushing stroke of the movable contacts against the fixed contacts made using the pole springs and the contact pressure exerted by the current injected into the coil. This approach based on the measurement of this time is therefore dependent on many different parameters, which can affect its reliability and complicate the calculation methods of the remaining life of the device.

Le but de l'invention est de proposer un procédé de détermination de l'usure des contacts électriques d'un appareil électrique interrupteur, qui soit fiable et facile à mettre en oeuvre, même sur des appareils déjà installés.The object of the invention is to provide a method of determining the wear of the electrical contacts of a switch electrical device, which is reliable and easy to implement, even on already installed devices.

Exposé de l'inventionPresentation of the invention

Ce but est atteint par un procédé de détermination de l'usure des contacts électriques d'un appareil électrique interrupteur qui comporte un boîtier renfermant un ou plusieurs pôles de puissance, chacun muni d'au moins un contact mobile séparable d'un contact fixe correspondant et actionné par un actionneur entre une position ouverte et une position fermée, le procédé comportant les étapes suivantes :

  • Détermination d'une durée de référence de fermeture des contacts électriques lorsque les contacts électriques sont neufs, par détection d'un pic de tension à l'aide d'un capteur piézoélectrique fixé à l'appareil électrique interrupteur,
  • Mémorisation de la durée de référence déterminée,
  • Détermination d'au moins une durée de fermeture des contacts électriques par détection d'un pic de tension en sortie dudit capteur piézoélectrique,
  • Comparaison de la durée de fermeture déterminée avec la durée de référence en vue de déterminer un degré d'usure des contacts électriques.
This object is achieved by a method of determining the wear of the electrical contacts of an electrical switch device which comprises a housing enclosing one or more power poles, each having at least one movable contact separable from a corresponding fixed contact. and actuated by an actuator between an open position and a closed position, the method comprising the steps of:
  • Determination of a reference duration of closure of the electrical contacts when the electrical contacts are new, by detecting a voltage peak using a piezoelectric sensor attached to the electrical switch device,
  • Memorization of the determined reference period,
  • Determination of at least one closing duration of the electrical contacts by detecting a peak voltage at the output of said piezoelectric sensor,
  • Comparison of the determined closing time with the reference time to determine a degree of wear of the electrical contacts.

L'invention concerne également un système de détermination de l'usure des contacts électriques d'un appareil électrique interrupteur qui comporte un boîtier renfermant un ou plusieurs pôles de puissance, chacun muni d'au moins un contact mobile séparable d'un contact fixe correspondant et actionné par un actionneur entre une position ouverte et une position fermée, ledit système comprenant une unité de traitement. Le système comporte un capteur piézoélectrique fixé à l'appareil électrique interrupteur. L'unité de traitement présente la particularité de comporter :

  • Un module de détermination d'une durée de référence de fermeture des contacts électriques lorsque les contacts électriques sont neufs, par détection d'un pic de tension à l'aide du capteur piézoélectrique,
  • Un module de mémorisation de la durée de référence déterminée,
  • Un module de détermination d'au moins une durée de fermeture des contacts électriques par détection d'un pic de tension en sortie dudit capteur piézoélectrique,
  • Un module de comparaison de la durée de fermeture déterminée avec la durée de référence en vue de déterminer un degré d'usure des contacts électriques.
The invention also relates to a system for determining the wear of the electrical contacts of an electrical switch device which comprises a housing enclosing one or more power poles, each provided with at least one movable contact separable from a corresponding fixed contact. and actuated by an actuator between an open position and a closed position, said system comprising a processing unit. The system includes a piezoelectric sensor attached to the switchgear. The processing unit has the particularity of comprising:
  • A module for determining a reference period for closing the electrical contacts when the electrical contacts are new, by detecting a peak voltage using the piezoelectric sensor,
  • A module for storing the determined reference duration,
  • A module for determining at least one closing duration of the electrical contacts by detecting a peak voltage at the output of said piezoelectric sensor,
  • A module for comparing the determined closing time with the reference time to determine a degree of wear of the electrical contacts.

Selon une particularité, le capteur piézoélectrique est fixé sur la surface du boîtier de l'appareil électrique interrupteur et est par exemple de type PVDF ou PVDF-TrFe.According to one particular feature, the piezoelectric sensor is fixed on the surface of the housing of the electrical switch device and is for example of the PVDF or PVDF-TrFe type.

Brève description des figuresBrief description of the figures

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages vont apparaître dans la description détaillée qui suit faite en regard des dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • les figures 1A, 1B et 1C illustrent schématiquement le principe de fonctionnement d'un appareil électrique interrupteur de type contacteur,
  • la figure 1 D illustre la fermeture des contacts, lorsque les contacts électriques sont usés.
  • la figure 2 illustre, par des courbes, le principe de l'invention.
Other features and advantages will appear in the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • the FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C schematically illustrate the principle of operation of a switch-type electrical switch device,
  • the figure 1 D illustrates the closing of the contacts, when the electrical contacts are worn.
  • the figure 2 illustrates, by curves, the principle of the invention.

Description détaillée d'au moins un mode de réalisationDetailed description of at least one embodiment

En référence aux figures 1 A à 1C, un appareil électrique interrupteur de type contacteur comporte de manière connue un actionneur 1 de type électromagnétique, un ou plusieurs pôles (par exemple trois pôles pour un contacteur tripolaire) avec, pour chaque pôle, un organe mobile mis en mouvement par l'actionneur, un ou plusieurs contacts mobiles 21 portés par l'organe mobile et un ou plusieurs contacts fixes 20. L'actionneur 1 comporte plus particulièrement une culasse fixe 10 et une armature mobile 11 apte à se déplacer par rapport à la culasse fixe 10 entre deux positions, une position d'ouverture (figure 1A) et une position de fermeture (figure 1C). L'actionneur électromagnétique comporte également une bobine de commande 3 commandée par un courant de commande afin de déplacer l'armature mobile 11 de sa position d'ouverture vers sa position de fermeture et un ressort de rappel 4 positionné entre sa culasse fixe 10 et son armature mobile 11 pour déplacer l'armature mobile 11 de sa position de fermeture vers sa position d'ouverture. Sur les figures 1A à 1C, l'organe mobile est par exemple un pont mobile à rupture double portant deux contacts mobiles 21 déplaçables entre deux états, un état ouvert et un état fermé, selon la position de l'armature mobile 11 de l'actionneur 1. Pour chaque pôle, l'appareil électrique comporte un ressort de pôle 5 permettant d'écraser les contacts mobiles 21 contre les contacts fixes 20 lorsque l'armature mobile 11 est en position de fermeture. L'invention décrite ci-dessous pourra fonctionner avec un organe mobile de type à rupture simple.With reference to FIGS. 1A to 1C a switch-type electrical switch device comprises, in known manner, an electromagnetic type actuator 1, one or more poles (for example three poles for a three-pole contactor) with, for each pole, a movable member set in motion by the actuator, one or more movable contacts 21 carried by the movable member and one or more fixed contacts 20. The actuator 1 more particularly comprises a fixed yoke 10 and a movable armature 11 adapted to move relative to the fixed yoke 10 between two positions , an open position ( Figure 1A ) and a closed position ( figure 1C ). The electromagnetic actuator also comprises a control coil 3 controlled by a control current in order to move the mobile armature 11 from its open position to its closed position and a return spring 4 positioned between its fixed yoke 10 and its mobile armature 11 to move the movable armature 11 from its closed position to its open position. On the Figures 1A to 1C , the movable member is for example a movable double break bridge carrying two movable contacts 21 movable between two states, an open state and a closed state, according to the position of the movable armature 11 of the actuator 1. For each pole , the electrical apparatus comprises a pole spring 5 for crushing the movable contacts 21 against the fixed contacts 20 when the movable armature 11 is in the closed position. The invention described below will be able to operate with a simple rupture type mobile member.

Pour des raisons de simplification, les figures 1A à 1 D ne montrent qu'un seul pôle de l'appareil électrique interrupteur. Il faut comprendre que l'invention s'applique pour l'ensemble des pôles de l'appareil.For reasons of simplification, Figures 1A to 1D show only one pole of the electrical switch device. It should be understood that the invention applies to all the poles of the apparatus.

Sur la figure 1A, sous l'effet de l'effort exercé par le ressort de rappel 4, l'armature mobile 11 est en position d'ouverture. Sur chaque pôle, les contacts mobiles 21 sont alors à l'état ouvert.On the Figure 1A under the effect of the force exerted by the return spring 4, the movable armature 11 is in the open position. On each pole, the movable contacts 21 are then in the open state.

Sur la figure 1 B, l'armature mobile 11 est dans sa course de fermeture par injection d'un courant de commande dans la bobine de commande 3 de l'actionneur 1. Le courant de commande doit être suffisant pour aller à l'encontre de l'effort fourni par le ressort de rappel 4. Sur cette figure, les contacts mobiles 21 sont amenés à l'état fermé grâce à l'actionneur 1 mais le ressort de pôle 5 n'est pas sollicité.On the figure 1 B , the movable armature 11 is in its closing stroke by injecting a control current into the control coil 3 of the actuator 1. The control current must be sufficient to counter the effort provided. by the return spring 4. In this figure, the movable contacts 21 are brought to the closed state by the actuator 1 but the pole spring 5 is not biased.

Sur la figure 1 C, l'armature mobile 11 termine sa course de fermeture et est maintenue dans sa position de fermeture par rapport à la culasse fixe 10 en injectant un courant de commande suffisant dans la bobine de commande 3 de l'actionneur 1. Le ressort de rappel 4 est donc comprimé au maximum entre l'armature mobile 11 et la culasse fixe 10. Sur cette figure 1C, les contacts mobiles 21 sont maintenus à l'état fermé et sont écrasés contre les contacts fixes 20 à l'aide du ressort de pôle 5 qui est comprimé grâce à l'actionneur 1. Les efforts se répartissent sur l'ensemble des pièces du mécanisme de l'appareil, y compris leurs enveloppes.On the figure 1 C , the movable armature 11 completes its closing stroke and is kept in its closed position relative to the fixed yoke 10 by injecting a sufficient control current into the control coil 3 of the actuator 1. The return spring 4 is compressed to the maximum between the movable armature 11 and the fixed breech 10. On this figure 1C , the movable contacts 21 are kept in the closed state and are crushed against the fixed contacts 20 by means of the pole spring 5 which is compressed by the actuator 1. The forces are distributed over all the parts of the mechanism of the device, including their envelopes.

Selon le niveau d'usure des contacts fixes et mobiles, les ressorts de pôle 5 seront plus ou moins comprimés et l'effort fourni par l'actionneur 1 sera plus ou moins important. En effet, moins les contacts 20, 21 sont usés, plus les ressorts de pôle 5 sont comprimés et donc plus l'effort fourni par l'actionneur 1 pour comprimer ces ressorts doit être important. Les déformations subies par le mécanisme et l'enveloppe seront elles aussi plus importantes.Depending on the level of wear of the fixed and moving contacts, the pole springs 5 will be more or less compressed and the force provided by the actuator 1 will be more or less important. Indeed, the less the contacts 20, 21 are worn, the more pole springs 5 are compressed and therefore the force provided by the actuator 1 to compress these springs must be important. The deformations experienced by the mechanism and the envelope will also be larger.

Le principe de l'invention consiste à employer un capteur piézoélectrique pour détecter une durée de fermeture des contacts et en déduire l'évolution de l'usure des contacts dans le temps.The principle of the invention consists in using a piezoelectric sensor to detect a duration of closure of the contacts and to deduce the evolution of wear of the contacts over time.

L'invention consiste notamment à employer un capteur piézoélectrique 6 de type PVDF (Polyfluorure de Vinylidène) ou PVDF-TrFe. Ce type de capteur est particulièrement fin et flexible, ce qui lui permet d'être intégré aisément sur tout type de produit, même si le produit ne présente pas de surface ou volume libres conséquents.The invention consists in particular in using a piezoelectric sensor 6 of the PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) or PVDF-TrFe type. This type of sensor is particularly thin and flexible, which allows it to be easily integrated on any type of product, even if the product has no significant surface or free volume.

Les capteurs PVDF ou PVDF-TrFe peuvent être intégrés facilement, par exemple par simple collage, à l'emplacement le plus pertinent, en utilisant un volume extrêmement faible (épaisseur<100um). Il est résistant aux agressions mécaniques et est autonome en énergie : il fournit l'énergie nécessaire au traitement de l'information en transformant la vibration qu'il reçoit en signal électrique. Sa géométrie peut également être modifiée pour s'adapter aux contraintes techniques, le design des électrodes déposées par impression ou PVD étant aisément modifiables.PVDF or PVDF-TrFe sensors can be easily integrated, for example by simply gluing, at the most relevant location, using a volume extremely weak (thickness <100um). It is resistant to mechanical aggression and is autonomous in energy: it provides the energy needed to process information by transforming the vibration it receives into an electrical signal. Its geometry can also be modified to adapt to technical constraints, the design of electrodes deposited by printing or PVD being easily modifiable.

Les électrodes métalliques, sont déposées sur le matériau piézoélectrique (film de PVDF ou PVDF-TrFe) par dépôt d'encre (impression, « spin coating ») ou dépôt métallique PVD (Physical Vapor Déposition). Le même motif est déposé de chaque côté du film de PVDF. Ces deux électrodes permettent de récupérer et de transmettre la tension générée lors de la sollicitation mécanique du film.The metal electrodes are deposited on the piezoelectric material (PVDF film or PVDF-TrFe) by ink deposition (printing, "spin coating") or PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) metal deposition. The same pattern is deposited on each side of the PVDF film. These two electrodes make it possible to recover and transmit the voltage generated during the mechanical stressing of the film.

L'invention consiste ainsi à intégrer ce capteur 6 sur un appareil électrique interrupteur où d'importants chocs et vibrations mécaniques sont présents. Le capteur peut ainsi aisément détecter ces chocs et vibrations en envoyant un signal électrique représentant la signature électrique de l'appareil. Ce signal doit ensuite être analysé par traitement du signal pour être utilisable.The invention thus consists in integrating this sensor 6 on a switch electrical apparatus where significant shocks and mechanical vibrations are present. The sensor can easily detect these shocks and vibrations by sending an electrical signal representing the electrical signature of the device. This signal must then be analyzed by signal processing to be usable.

Le capteur peut être intégré dès la fabrication du produit ou a posteriori avec par exemple une solution de diagnostic d'usure déportée. Le capteur 6 peut par exemple être fixé sur le boîtier 7 de l'appareil électrique, à l'extérieur de celui-ci (figures 1C et 1 D). Avantageusement, le capteur 6 est fixé par collage sur le boîtier du produit (intégration non intrusive).The sensor can be integrated from the manufacture of the product or a posteriori with for example a remote wear diagnostic solution. The sensor 6 can for example be fixed on the housing 7 of the electrical apparatus, outside of it ( Figures 1C and 1D ). Advantageously, the sensor 6 is fixed by gluing on the product casing (non-intrusive integration).

Dans le cadre de l'invention, le capteur 6 est employé pour déterminer le degré d'usure des contacts de l'appareil électrique interrupteur. Pour cela, l'invention consiste à fixer le capteur piézoélectrique de type PVDF PVDF-TrFe sur l'appareil électrique interrupteur, préférentiellement sur son boîtier 7, à l'extérieur de celui-ci. Le capteur 6 est connecté à une unité de traitement UC destinée à recueillir les tensions générées en sortie du capteur et à les traiter pour formuler un diagnostic de l'appareil électrique interrupteur analysé. L'unité de traitement UC peut être intégrée à l'appareil électrique interrupteur ou extérieur à celui-ci.In the context of the invention, the sensor 6 is used to determine the degree of wear of the contacts of the electrical switch device. For this, the invention consists in fixing the PVDF PVDF-TrFe piezoelectric sensor on the electrical switch apparatus, preferably on its housing 7, outside thereof. The sensor 6 is connected to a processing unit UC intended to collect the voltages generated at the output of the sensor and to process them to formulate a diagnosis of the electrical switch device analyzed. The processing unit UC can be integrated into the electrical switch device or outside it.

Pour déterminer le degré d'usure des contacts électriques, le procédé mis en oeuvre est décrit ci-dessous.To determine the degree of wear of the electrical contacts, the method used is described below.

Dans le procédé de l'invention, une étape d'apprentissage est tout d'abord mise en oeuvre par l'unité de traitement UC, à l'aide d'un module de détermination, pour déterminer une durée de référence Tref (figure 1C) de fermeture des contacts et, à l'aide d'un module de mémorisation, pour mémoriser cette durée de référence Tref. Cette durée de référence Tref est préférentiellement déterminée lorsque les contacts électriques sont neufs. Sur la figure 2, elle correspond à la durée entre un instant initial TO (toujours identique, par exemple lorsque la tension est encore nulle en sortie du capteur) et un instant correspondant au pic de la tension Vref mesurée par le capteur 6 fixé sur l'appareil électrique interrupteur. L'unité de traitement UC mémorise la durée de référence Tref.In the method of the invention, a learning step is first implemented by the processing unit UC, using a determination module, to determine a reference duration Tref ( figure 1C ) closing the contacts and, with the aid of a memory module, for storing this reference duration Tref. This reference period Tref is preferably determined when the electrical contacts are new. On the figure 2 , it corresponds to the duration between an initial instant TO (always identical, for example when the voltage is still zero at the output of the sensor) and an instant corresponding to the peak of the voltage Vref measured by the sensor 6 fixed on the electrical switch device . The processing unit UC stores the reference duration Tref.

Une fois la durée de référence Tref mémorisée, l'unité de traitement UC passe en mode de fonctionnement normal.Once the reference duration Tref has been stored, the processing unit UC switches to normal operating mode.

En mode de fonctionnement normal, l'unité de traitement UC surveille le déplacement du pic de tension dans le temps, ce pic de tension étant représentatif à chaque cycle de l'instant de fermeture des contacts électriques et donc de la durée de fermeture des contacts électriques (par rapport à TO). Au cours du temps, la différence entre la durée de fermeture Ti déterminée et la durée de référence Tref grandit, synonyme que l'usure des contacts augmente. L'unité de traitement comporte un module M1 de détermination de l'instant de fermeture des contacts électriques à partir du pic de la tension Vi obtenue en sortie du capteur 6 (voir courbe Vi sur la figure 2). Par exemple à chaque cycle ou de manière aléatoire, la durée de fermeture Ti des contacts (déterminée par rapport à TO) est injectée dans un module de comparaison M2 de l'unité de traitement UC. Ce module de comparaison M2 compare la durée de fermeture Ti avec la durée de référence Tref, par exemple en calculant la différence. L'unité de traitement UC est ensuite agencée pour déterminer un degré d'usure des contacts électriques 20, 21. La différence ou le degré déterminé est comparée à une valeur seuil S1 mémorisée. Si cette valeur seuil S1 est dépassée, l'unité de traitement UC est agencée pour générer un signal de sortie Sout synonyme que l'usure des contacts est prononcée et que l'appareil doit alors être remplacé (figure 1 D).In normal operating mode, the processing unit UC monitors the displacement of the peak voltage in time, this voltage peak being representative at each cycle of the instant of closure of the electrical contacts and therefore the duration of closure of the contacts electric (compared to TO). Over time, the difference between the closing time Ti determined and the reference duration Tref increases, which means that the wear of the contacts increases. The processing unit comprises a module M1 for determining the instant of closing of the electrical contacts from the peak of the voltage Vi obtained at the output of the sensor 6 (see curve Vi on the figure 2 ). For example, at each cycle or randomly, the closing time Ti of the contacts (determined with respect to TO) is injected into a comparison module M2 of the processing unit UC. This comparison module M2 compares the closing time Ti with the reference duration Tref, for example by calculating the difference. The processing unit UC is then arranged to determine a degree of wear of the electrical contacts 20, 21. The difference or degree determined is compared with a stored threshold value S1. If this threshold value S1 is exceeded, the processing unit UC is arranged to generate an output signal Sout synonymous with the wear of the contacts being pronounced and that the apparatus must then be replaced ( Figure 1 D) .

La solution de l'invention présente ainsi de nombreux avantages. Elle est facile à mettre en oeuvre car le capteur peut être simplement collé sur le boîtier de l'appareil électrique. Le traitement des tensions obtenues en sortie est aisé et les instants de commutation peuvent être facilement détectés. Par ailleurs, le capteur présente l'avantage d'être très peu sensible au type de support sur lequel est monté l'appareil ou aux perturbations de son environnement. Les cycles ouverture-fermeture d'un contacteur voisin ne sont par exemple pas détectés et ne viennent pas perturber les mesures.The solution of the invention thus has many advantages. It is easy to implement because the sensor can be simply stuck on the housing of the electrical device. The processing of the voltages obtained at the output is easy and the switching times can be easily detected. Moreover, the sensor has the advantage of being very insensitive to the type of support on which the device is mounted or to the disturbances of its environment. The opening-closing cycles of a neighboring contactor are, for example, not detected and do not disturb the measurements.

Claims (4)

Procédé de détermination de l'usure des contacts électriques d'un appareil électrique interrupteur qui comporte un boîtier (7) renfermant un ou plusieurs pôles de puissance, chacun muni d'au moins un contact mobile (21) séparable d'un contact fixe (20) correspondant et actionné par un actionneur (1) entre une position ouverte et une position fermée, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les étapes suivantes : - Détermination d'une durée de référence (Tref) de fermeture des contacts électriques lorsque les contacts électriques sont neufs, ladite durée de référence correspondant à la durée entre un instant initial et un instant correspondant à un pic de tension détecté à l'aide d'un capteur piézoélectrique (6) fixé à l'appareil électrique interrupteur, - Mémorisation de la durée de référence (Tref) déterminée, - Détermination d'au moins une durée de fermeture (Ti) des contacts électriques, la durée de fermeture correspondant à la durée entre ledit instant initial et un instant correspondant à un pic de tension détecté en sortie dudit capteur piézoélectrique (6), - Comparaison de ladite durée fermeture (Ti) déterminée avec la durée de référence (Tref) en vue de déterminer un degré d'usure des contacts électriques. A method of determining the wear of the electrical contacts of a switch electrical apparatus which comprises a housing (7) enclosing one or more power poles, each provided with at least one movable contact (21) separable from a fixed contact ( 20) corresponding and actuated by an actuator (1) between an open position and a closed position, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: Determination of a reference duration (Tref) for closing the electrical contacts when the electrical contacts are new, said reference duration corresponding to the duration between an initial instant and an instant corresponding to a voltage peak detected using a piezoelectric sensor (6) fixed to the electrical switch device, Memorizing the determined reference duration (Tref), - Determination of at least one closing time (Ti) of the electrical contacts, the closing time corresponding to the duration between said initial instant and an instant corresponding to a voltage peak detected at the output of said piezoelectric sensor (6), - Comparison of said determined closing time (Ti) with the reference period (Tref) to determine a degree of wear of the electrical contacts. Système de détermination de l'usure des contacts électriques d'un appareil électrique interrupteur qui comporte un boîtier (7) renfermant un ou plusieurs pôles de puissance, chacun muni d'au moins un contact mobile (21) séparable d'un contact fixe (20) correspondant et actionné par un actionneur (1) entre une position ouverte et une position fermée, ledit système comprenant une unité de traitement et étant caractérisé en ce que : - Il comporte un capteur piézoélectrique fixé à l'appareil électrique interrupteur, et en ce que l'unité de traitement comporte : - Un module de détermination d'une durée de référence (Tref) de fermeture des contacts électriques lorsque les contacts électriques sont neufs, ladite durée de référence correspondant à la durée entre un instant initial et un instant correspondant à la détection d'un pic de tension à l'aide du capteur piézoélectrique (6), - Un module de mémorisation de la durée de référence (Tref) déterminée, - Un module de détermination (M1) d'au moins une durée de fermeture (Ti) des contacts électriques, la durée de fermeture correspondant à la durée entre ledit instant initial et un instant correspondant à la détection d'un pic de tension en sortie dudit capteur piézoélectrique (6), - Un module de comparaison (M2) de la durée de fermeture (Ti) déterminée avec la durée de référence (Tref) en vue de déterminer un degré d'usure des contacts électriques. System for determining the wear of the electrical contacts of a switch electrical appliance which comprises a housing (7) enclosing one or more power poles, each provided with at least one movable contact (21) separable from a fixed contact ( 20) corresponding and actuated by an actuator (1) between an open position and a closed position, said system comprising a processing unit and being characterized in that : - It comprises a piezoelectric sensor attached to the electrical switch device, and in that the processing unit comprises: A module for determining a reference duration (Tref) for closing the electrical contacts when the electrical contacts are new, said reference duration corresponding to the duration between an initial instant and a time corresponding to the detection of a peak of voltage using the piezoelectric sensor (6), A module for memorizing the reference duration (Tref) determined, - A determination module (M1) of at least one closing time (Ti) of the electrical contacts, the closing time corresponding to the duration between said initial instant and a time corresponding to the detection of a peak output voltage said piezoelectric sensor (6), - A comparison module (M2) of the closing time (Ti) determined with the reference period (Tref) to determine a degree of wear of the electrical contacts. Système selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le capteur piézoélectrique (6) est fixé sur la surface du boîtier de l'appareil électrique interrupteur.System according to claim 2, characterized in that the piezoelectric sensor (6) is fixed on the surface of the housing of the switchgear. Système selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que le capteur piézoélectrique est de type PVDF ou PVDF-TrFe.System according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the piezoelectric sensor is of PVDF or PVDF-TrFe type.
EP15175514.7A 2014-07-17 2015-07-06 Method for determining the wear electrical contacts of a switching apparatus Active EP2975622B1 (en)

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FR1456888A FR3023963B1 (en) 2014-07-17 2014-07-17 METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE WEAR OF ELECTRICAL CONTACTS OF AN ELECTRICAL DEVICE SWITCH

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