EP2973618A2 - Electromagnetic actuating device and combination of electromagnetic actuating device and motor spindle - Google Patents

Electromagnetic actuating device and combination of electromagnetic actuating device and motor spindle

Info

Publication number
EP2973618A2
EP2973618A2 EP14711708.9A EP14711708A EP2973618A2 EP 2973618 A2 EP2973618 A2 EP 2973618A2 EP 14711708 A EP14711708 A EP 14711708A EP 2973618 A2 EP2973618 A2 EP 2973618A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
coil
housing
adjusting device
spindle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14711708.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2973618B1 (en
Inventor
Frank Wolff
Axel Fischer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alfred Jaeger GmbH
Original Assignee
Alfred Jaeger GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alfred Jaeger GmbH filed Critical Alfred Jaeger GmbH
Publication of EP2973618A2 publication Critical patent/EP2973618A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2973618B1 publication Critical patent/EP2973618B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H01F7/1646—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuating device having an armature movable along an axis in a housing between two end positions, at least one magnet system which is connected by means of a permanent magnet polarized radially to the axis and forms an air gap system with the armature, and with one a power source connectable coil.
  • the invention also relates to a combination of an electromagnetic actuator and a motor spindle.
  • DE 197 12 293 A1 discloses an electromagnetically operating actuating device with two magnet systems which are spaced apart from one another and each have an exciter coil, between which an armature disk fixedly connected to a stator is arranged.
  • the armature disk is located between two oppositely acting springs and is movable by the magnet systems in two switching positions.
  • a permanent magnet polarized in the direction of movement of the armature, which stabilizes the armature in the energized state in a switching position. If the armature is to be held in the other switching position, permanent energization is required.
  • EP 0 568 028 A1 discloses an electromagnetic linear motor comprising an armature, two inner pole shoes, two outer pole shoes, two permanent magnets and a coil, the armature with the inner pole shoes and the outer pole shoes having an air gap system of four in the axial direction forms variable magnetic air gaps, which are the same size in the middle position.
  • the permanent magnets stabilize the armature with the electroless coil in the middle position.
  • the pole shoes are formed in a half-shell shape and form with the half-shell-shaped permanent magnet two fixed magnet systems.
  • a magnetic device which has a magnetically conductive outer housing, in which axially movable an iron core and a coil surrounding the iron core are arranged.
  • the permanent magnets form two magnetic circuits, through which the iron core can be held in two working positions. By energizing the coil in one or the other current direction of the iron core can be moved to the other working position in which it remains in the current de-energized coil.
  • the cylindrical shape of the iron core and the polarization of the permanent magnets can not expect high holding forces in the working positions.
  • An electromagnetic solenoid for achieving high holding forces in the stable end positions is known from DE 102 07 828 B4. It consists of a stator with two axially spaced magnet systems, each having an excitation winding for generating an electromagnetic flux. Between the two magnet systems, an armature is guided, which carries a polarized perpendicular to its direction of permanent magnet assembly for permanent retention of the armature without energization of the field winding.
  • the permanent magnet arrangement is in this case between the two exciter windings, whereby their effectiveness is impaired as a result of leakage flux.
  • the most brittle material of the permanent magnet assembly may suffer from jerky movement of the armature.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an electromagnetic actuator of the type mentioned above, which is stable in both end positions without excitement with power and can accommodate high holding forces at least in one end position.
  • the actuator should continue to be simple and inexpensive to produce. This object is achieved by an electromagnetic actuator with the features specified in claim 1.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the adjusting device are specified in claims 2 to 9.
  • the electromagnetic actuating device comprises a housing having an armature movable along an axis in the housing between two end positions, comprising two armature disks spaced apart from each other with an armature shaft, and at least one annular array of radial poles to the axis - Magnetized permanent magnet comprehensive system that is fixed to the housing between the armature discs and forms an air gap system with axially variable air gaps with these, and further arranged between the two magnet systems, connectable to a power source, annular coil.
  • the magnet systems and the air gap systems are in this case designed so that the armature without excitation of the coil in each of the two end positions can only be retained by permanent magnetic flux and is movable by excitation of the coil from a respectively occupied end position in the opposite end position.
  • the adjusting device according to the invention has the advantage that the armature of simple elements, the two armature discs of magnetic flux conductive, eg soft magnetic material and the armature shaft, which may consist of non-magnetic or soft magnetic material, can be produced. A trained in this way anchor is insensitive to shock loads, thus ensuring a long life of the actuator.
  • Dre permanent magnet may consist in this arrangement of annularly arranged individual magnets or be formed in the form of a ring magnet.
  • magnets can be made of sensitive Magnetic materials, such as composites, can be used, which allow high polarization values and field strengths.
  • the arrangement of the permanent magnets between polar bodies and immediately adjacent the armature discs allows high holding forces when the coil is not energized. Furthermore, the use of only one coil contributes to low manufacturing costs and small size.
  • the armature, the magnet system and the coil are rotationally symmetrical.
  • two magnet systems may be provided with respect to the radial center plane of the coil symmetrically arranged and the same direction radially polarized permanent magnet.
  • the magnet or magnets and the coil between inner and outer pole bodies of soft magnetic material are arranged, which have the form of closed rings.
  • the axial thickness of the armature discs is preferably the same, but may also be different in order to achieve different holding forces in the two end bearings.
  • At least one anchor plate can be cylindrical and arranged in a closed on one side, cylindrical chamber of the housing, wherein the armature disc is sealed at its periphery relative to the wall of the chamber by means of a seal.
  • the chamber forms an enclosed space with the armature disk, so that the medium contained in the space, preferably air, is compressed upon penetration of the armature disk into the room and the anchor on the way to the end position following this movement direction delays and reaching the end position dampens. It has surprisingly been found that a relatively small air volume is already sufficient to effect an effective damping of the anchor stop.
  • the housing of the actuator, which also forms the chamber, according to the invention preferably consists of a non-magnetic material in order to avoid a dispersion of the magnetic flux and to concentrate the flux on the armature.
  • a particularly advantageous use of the adjusting device according to the invention comprises according to claim 10 a combination with a motor spindle, which contains in a spindle housing an electric motor and a rotatably driven by this spindle with a tool holder for a tool for machining workpiece machining, wherein the spindle as a hollow shaft is formed and in its longitudinal bore a held by spring force in a closed position quick release device for clamping a tool or a tool holder, wherein the housing of the adjusting device is fixed to the spindle housing with coaxial with the spindle aligned axis, and wherein the armature with a longitudinal bore in the Spindle axially displaceable plunger engage and can move the clamping device overcoming the spring force in a release position.
  • the combination according to the invention can be costly and often regarded as disadvantageous, driven by pneumatic or hydraulic power actuators eliminated, which are now common for operating tool clamping devices in motor spindles.
  • the adjusting device according to the invention can be achieved with a suitable size and acceptable weight sufficiently high actuating forces to press the spring tension sets of such tool clamping devices together and to solve the tensioning device.
  • the holding forces required for holding the tool clamping device in the release position can be generated by means of the permanent magnets so that the spool must be actuated briefly only to release the tool clamping device and to return to the clamping position.
  • the combination according to the invention thus enables motor spindles which require only one drive energy, namely electrical current, for clamping and relaxing the tool and for driving the tool for carrying out machining operations.
  • the adjusting device can, as the embodiment shows, be mounted directly on the motor spindle.
  • the invention also includes embodiments in which the actuating movement and actuating force are controlled by a mechanical transmission system, e.g. Pull-pressure cable, or transmitted by a hydraulic transmission system to the motor spindle. The latter may be advantageous to keep the weight of the motor spindle small.
  • FIG. 2 is an illustration of the field lines when the coil is energized to generate a force in a first direction
  • Figure 3 is a representation of the field lines in the current-de-energized coil
  • Figure 4 permanent magnetically held position according to Figure 2,
  • Figure 4 is a representation of the field lines at reversely energized coil for generating a force in a second direction,
  • Figure 5 shows a cross section through one with an adjusting device according to the
  • Invention provided motor spindle.
  • the electromagnetic actuator shown in Figure 1 comprises a cup-shaped housing 1 with an axis extending along a cylindrical bore 2, which at one end by a housing bottom 3 and at other end is closed by a cover 4 attached to the housing 1.
  • the armature shaft 6 extends through a bore 2 in the lid 4 and is guided in this.
  • the armature discs 7, 8 have parallel side surfaces and cylindrical outer surfaces, with which they are mounted in slide bushings 9, which are arranged in the bore 2 of the housing 1.
  • an inner, annular pole body 10 and at a radial distance from this an outer, annular polar body 1 1 are arranged.
  • an outer, annular polar body 1 1 In the annular space between the two pole bodies 10, 1 1 is a coil having at least one coil 12 and on both sides of the coil 12 each have a permanent magnet 13, 14.
  • the two permanent magnets 13, 14 are radially in the same direction and thus transverse to the direction of movement of the armature 5 polarized and form with the polar bodies 10, 1 1 and the armature discs 7, 8 two magnet systems.
  • the permanent magnets 13, 14 are arranged annularly around the pole body 10 and can be designed as ring magnets or as an arrangement of the same direction polarized individual magnet.
  • the polar body 10, 1 1 and the permanent magnets 13, 14 are fixedly connected to each other and the outer pole body 1 1 is axially fixed in the housing 1 by means of sliding bushes 9, which are supported on the housing bottom 3 and on the cover 4.
  • the coil 12 may also adjacent to one another on one side of the coil 12, preferably the armature disc 7, arranged or formed by a single permanent magnet corresponding strength, such as a ring magnet.
  • each air gap L1, L2 is associated with a magnetic system.
  • the two pole bodies 10, 11 and the armature disks 7, 8 consist of a magnetic flux which conducts well, in particular soft magnetic material.
  • the armature shaft 6 may also be made of magnetic flux conductive material, but preferably it consists of non-magnetic material to counteract a scattering of the flow.
  • the housing 1, the cover 4 and the sliding bushes 9 are also made of non-magnetic material.
  • the armature disk 7 adjacent to the housing bottom 3 is arranged in a chamber 16 formed by the housing 1 and the sliding bushings 9 surrounding it and is sealed off from the sliding bushes 9 by a sealing ring 17.
  • a sealing ring 17 the air which is located between the housing bottom 3 and the armature disk 7, compressed when the armature disk 7 moves in the direction of the housing bottom 3.
  • the achievement of the movement of the armature 5 in the direction of the housing bottom 3 limiting end position is effectively damped.
  • the armature 5 can be held in its two end positions by the magnetic force of the permanent magnets 13, 14 with a comparatively high force.
  • the center position of the armature 5 with equal air gaps L1, L2 is unstable.
  • the coil 12 is briefly energized with a current, wherein the current direction determines the direction of the armature movement.
  • FIG. 2 to 4 show the field lines of the magnetic flux at different operating states of the adjusting device. Shown here is in each case half the axial section of the magnetic flux conducting parts.
  • the coil 12 is energized with a current of such a direction that it generates a coil field which is in the same direction as the field of the permanent magnet 14. Both fields complement each other and cause a strong electromagnetic flux, which is guided by the permanent magnet 13 deflected over the armature disk 7.
  • the field of the permanent magnet 13 is weakened here, but is also still force generating effective.
  • On the armature 5 thereby acts a strong force in the direction of the arrow F, through which the armature is moved to the right end position.
  • FIG. 3 shows the right-hand end position of the armature 5 after the coil 12 has been excited.
  • the permanent magnet which is no longer weakened by the coil field, is shown in FIG.
  • the field of the permanent magnet 13 is additionally reinforced by a part of the field of the permanent magnet 14.
  • the guided by the right armature disc 8 flow of the permanent magnet 14 is greatly weakened by the here large air gap L2 and therefore hardly effective.
  • Figure 4 shows the course of the magnetic flux upon energization of the coil 12 with a current of reverse direction to move the armature 5 in the opposite direction.
  • the coil field amplifies the field of the permanent magnet 13 and weakens the field of the permanent magnet
  • the permanent magnet 14 and the permanent magnet 14 directs the common flow of coil 12 and permanent magnet 13 to the armature disc 8, so that the armature 5 is moved to the left end position. During this movement, the damping caused by the chamber 16 is particularly effective.
  • FIG. 5 shows such an application in which an electromagnetic actuating device 20 is combined with a motor spindle 21.
  • the motor spindle 21 consists of a multi-part spindle housing 22, a stator winding
  • the spindle 25 is provided with a continuous longitudinal bore 27, which opens at the lower end in the drawing in a conical bore 28 for receiving a tool cone 29.
  • the tool cone 29 can either be attached directly to a machining tool or, as shown in the drawing, to a tool holder 30.
  • In the longitudinal bore 27 is axially slidably mounted a quick-release device 31 and a fixedly connected to this plunger 32 axially displaceable.
  • the quick-action clamping device 31 cooperates with a clamping pin 33, which is fastened to the tool cone 29.
  • the clamping pin 33 In the clamping position shown in the drawing, the clamping pin 33 is positively embraced by the quick release device 31 and pulled by the force of biased disc springs 34 in the spindle 25, whereby the tool cone 29 is clamped in the conical bore 28.
  • the plate springs 34 are arranged on the plunger 32 and are supported in the axial direction on the head 35 of the plunger 32 on the one hand and on a stop ring 36 on the other hand, which bears against a shoulder in the longitudinal bore 27.
  • the adjusting device 20 substantially corresponds to the adjusting device shown in Figure 1 and is therefore provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the adjusting device 20 is attached to the side facing away from the tool holder 30 end of the spindle housing 22 by means of the cover 4.
  • the protruding from the lid 4 end of the armature shaft 6 engages in the longitudinal bore 27 in the spindle 25 and is located in the retracted into the housing 1 position of the armature 5 with its end face the head 35 of the plunger 32 with a small distance. Also radially between the end of the armature shaft 6 and the wall of the longitudinal bore 27 a game exists, so that the armature shaft 6 is not touched by the rotating during machining operations spindle 25 and the rotating head 35 with this.
  • the tool holder 30 is tensioned by the adjusting jig 31 by means of the force of the disc springs 34.
  • the armature 5 is without excitation of the coil 12 by the magnetic system of Perma- Magnetic magnet 14 and armature disc 8 held in the retracted position.
  • the coil 12 is energized with a current through which, as shown in FIG. 2, the armature shaft 6 moves into the position moved out of the housing 1 becomes.
  • the armature shaft 6 comes here with the head 35 of the plunger 32 into contact and presses against the force of the disc springs 34, the plunger 32 with the Schnellspannvor- direction 31 far enough down that the clamping pin 33 released from the quick release device 31 and the tool cone 29 is released , The tool holder 30 and the attached tool can be removed in this way by hand or automatically.
  • the coil 12 After releasing the quick-release device 31, the coil 12 is de-energized and held the release position of the quick-release device 31 without energizing the coil alone by the permanent magnets 13, 14, as shown in Figure 2, against the force of the disc springs 34.
  • the spool 12 After inserting the new tool in the tapered bore 28 of the spindle 25, the spool 12 is excited inversely for clamping a new tool and, as shown in Figure 3, the armature 5 is moved back into the housing 1. With the aid of the disc springs 34, the clamping pin 33 of the new tool is gripped by the clamping device 31 and clamped in the conical bore 28 of the spindle 25.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electromagnetic actuating device with a housing (1) and an armature (5) which can be moved in the housing (1) between two end positions and which has two mutually spaced armature disk (7, 8) and an armature shaft (6). Two annular arrangements of permanent magnets (13, 14) which are polarized radially in the same direction with respect to the axis are secured to the housing between the armature disks (7, 8) and together with the armature disks form two magnet systems and an air gap system with axially adjustable air gaps (L1, L2). An annular coil (12) which can be connected to a power source is arranged between the two permanent magnets (13, 14). The magnet systems and the air gap system are configured such that the armature (5) can be retained in each of the two end positions without exciting the coil (12) and can be moved from one respective assumed end position into the opposite end position by exciting the coil (12).

Description

Elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung und Kombination von  Electromagnetic actuator and combination of
elektromagnetischer Stellvorrichtung und Motorspindel Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung mit einem längs einer Achse in einem Gehäuse zwischen zwei Endstellungen bewegbaren Anker, wenigstens einem Magnetsystem, das mittels einem radial zur Achse polarisierten Permanentmagnet verbunden ist und mit dem Anker ein Luftspaltsystem bildet, und mit einer an eine Stromquelle anschließbaren Spule. Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine Kombination von einer elektromagnetischen Stellvorrichtung und einer Motorspindel.  The invention relates to an electromagnetic actuating device having an armature movable along an axis in a housing between two end positions, at least one magnet system which is connected by means of a permanent magnet polarized radially to the axis and forms an air gap system with the armature, and with one a power source connectable coil. The invention also relates to a combination of an electromagnetic actuator and a motor spindle.
Aus DE 197 12 293 A1 ist eine elektromagnetisch arbeitende Stelleinrichtung mit zwei zueinander beabstandeten und jeweils eine Erregerspule aufweisen- den Magnetsystemen bekannt, zwischen denen eine mit einem Stellschaft fest verbundene Ankerscheibe angeordnet ist. Die Ankerscheibe befindet sich zwischen zwei entgegengesetzt wirkenden Federn und ist durch die Magnetsysteme in zwei Schaltpositionen bewegbar. Einem der Magnetsysteme ist ein in Bewegungsrichtung des Ankers polarisierter Permanentmagnet zugeordnet, der den Anker in unbestromtem Zustand in einer Schaltposition stabilisiert. Soll der Anker in der anderen Schaltposition gehalten werden, so ist dauerhaft Bestromung erforderlich. DE 197 12 293 A1 discloses an electromagnetically operating actuating device with two magnet systems which are spaced apart from one another and each have an exciter coil, between which an armature disk fixedly connected to a stator is arranged. The armature disk is located between two oppositely acting springs and is movable by the magnet systems in two switching positions. Associated with one of the magnet systems is a permanent magnet polarized in the direction of movement of the armature, which stabilizes the armature in the energized state in a switching position. If the armature is to be held in the other switching position, permanent energization is required.
Es ist weiterhin aus EP 0 568 028 A1 ein elektromagnetischer Linearmotor bestehend aus einem Anker, zwei inneren Polschuhen, zwei äußeren Polschuhen, zwei Permanentmagneten sowie einer Spule bekannt, wobei der Anker mit den inneren Polschuhen und den äußeren Polschuhen ein Luftspaltsystem aus vier in axialer Richtung veränderbaren magnetischen Luftspalten bildet, die in der Mittelstellung gleich groß sind. Die Permanentmagnete stabi- lisieren den Anker bei stromloser Spule in der Mittelstellung. Die Polschuhe sind halbschalenförmig ausgebildet und bilden mit den halbschalenförmigen Permanentmagneten zwei fest gepolte Magnetsysteme. Weiterhin ist aus DE 200 00 397 U1 eine Magnetvorrichtung bekannt, die ein magnetisch leitfähiges Außengehäuse aufweist, in dem axial bewegbar ein Eisenkern und eine den Eisenkern umgebende Spule angeordnet sind. An beiden Seiten der Spule sind koaxial zu dieser Permanentmagnete vorgesehen, die sich mit dem gleichen Magnetpol einander zuwenden. Die Permanentmagnete bilden zwei Magnetkreise, durch die der Eisenkern in zwei Arbeitsstellungen gehalten werden kann. Durch Erregung der Spule in der einen oder anderen Stromrichtung kann der Eisenkern in die jeweils andere Arbeitsstellung bewegt werden, in der er bei unbestromter Spule verbleibt. Die zylindrische Form des Eisenkerns und die Polarisierung der Permanentmagnete lässt keine hohen Haltekräfte in den Arbeitsstellungen erwarten. Furthermore, EP 0 568 028 A1 discloses an electromagnetic linear motor comprising an armature, two inner pole shoes, two outer pole shoes, two permanent magnets and a coil, the armature with the inner pole shoes and the outer pole shoes having an air gap system of four in the axial direction forms variable magnetic air gaps, which are the same size in the middle position. The permanent magnets stabilize the armature with the electroless coil in the middle position. The pole shoes are formed in a half-shell shape and form with the half-shell-shaped permanent magnet two fixed magnet systems. Furthermore, from DE 200 00 397 U1 a magnetic device is known, which has a magnetically conductive outer housing, in which axially movable an iron core and a coil surrounding the iron core are arranged. On both sides of the coil are provided coaxially with these permanent magnets, which face each other with the same magnetic pole. The permanent magnets form two magnetic circuits, through which the iron core can be held in two working positions. By energizing the coil in one or the other current direction of the iron core can be moved to the other working position in which it remains in the current de-energized coil. The cylindrical shape of the iron core and the polarization of the permanent magnets can not expect high holding forces in the working positions.
Ein elektromagnetischer Hubmagnet zur Erzielung hoher Haltekräfte in den stabilen Endlagen ist aus DE 102 07 828 B4 bekannt. Er besteht aus einem Stator mit zwei axial voneinander beabstandeten Magnetsystemen, die jeweils eine Erregerwicklung zur Erzeugung eines elektromagnetischen Flusses aufweisen. Zwischen den beiden Magnetsystemen ist ein Anker geführt, der eine senkrecht zu seiner Bewegungsrichtung polarisierte Dauermagnetanordnung zum dauerhaften Halten des Ankers ohne Bestromung der Erregerwicklung trägt. Die Dauermagnetanordnung liegt hierbei zwischen den beiden Erregerwicklungen, wodurch ihre Effektivität infolge von Streufluss beeinträchtigt wird. Außerdem kann das meist spröde Material der Dauermagnetanordnung durch stoßartige Bewegung des Ankers leiden. An electromagnetic solenoid for achieving high holding forces in the stable end positions is known from DE 102 07 828 B4. It consists of a stator with two axially spaced magnet systems, each having an excitation winding for generating an electromagnetic flux. Between the two magnet systems, an armature is guided, which carries a polarized perpendicular to its direction of permanent magnet assembly for permanent retention of the armature without energization of the field winding. The permanent magnet arrangement is in this case between the two exciter windings, whereby their effectiveness is impaired as a result of leakage flux. In addition, the most brittle material of the permanent magnet assembly may suffer from jerky movement of the armature.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, die in beiden Endstellungen ohne Erregung mit Strom stabil ist und zumindest in einer Endstellung hohe Haltekräfte aufnehmen kann. Die Stellvorrichtung soll weiterhin einfach und kostengünstig herstellbar sein. Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung mit den in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Stellvorrichtung sind in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 9 angegeben. Nach der Erfindung umfasst die elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung ein Gehäuse mit einem längs einer Achse in dem Gehäuse zwischen zwei Endstellungen bewegbaren Anker, der zwei in einem Abstand voneinander angeordnete, mit einem Ankerschaft fest verbundene Ankerscheiben aufweist, sowie wenigstens ein eine ringförmigen Anordnung von zur Achse radial pola- risierten Permanentmagneten umfassendes Magnetsystem, das gehäusefest zwischen den Ankerscheiben angeordnet ist und mit diesen ein Luftspaltsystem mit axial veränderlichen Luftspalten bildet, und weiterhin eine zwischen den beiden Magnetsystemen angeordnete, an eine Stromquelle anschließbare, ringförmige Spule. Die Magnetsysteme und die Luftspaltsysteme sind hierbei so ausgelegt, dass der Anker ohne Erregung der Spule in jeder der beiden Endstellungen nur durch permanentmagnetischen Fluss festhaltbar ist und durch Erregung der Spule aus einer jeweils eingenommenen Endstellung in die entgegengesetzte Endstellung bewegbar ist. Die Stellvorrichtung nach der Erfindung hat den Vorteil, dass der Anker aus einfachen Elementen, den beiden Ankerscheiben aus magnetischen Fluss leitendem, z.B. weichmagnetischem Material und dem Ankerschaft, der aus nichtmagnetischem oder weichmagnetischem Material bestehen kann, herstellbar ist. Ein in dieser Weise ausgebildeter Anker ist unempfindlich gegen Stoßbelastungen und gewährleistet damit eine lange Lebensdauer der Stellvorrichtung. The invention has for its object to provide an electromagnetic actuator of the type mentioned above, which is stable in both end positions without excitement with power and can accommodate high holding forces at least in one end position. The actuator should continue to be simple and inexpensive to produce. This object is achieved by an electromagnetic actuator with the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the adjusting device are specified in claims 2 to 9. According to the invention, the electromagnetic actuating device comprises a housing having an armature movable along an axis in the housing between two end positions, comprising two armature disks spaced apart from each other with an armature shaft, and at least one annular array of radial poles to the axis - Magnetized permanent magnet comprehensive system that is fixed to the housing between the armature discs and forms an air gap system with axially variable air gaps with these, and further arranged between the two magnet systems, connectable to a power source, annular coil. The magnet systems and the air gap systems are in this case designed so that the armature without excitation of the coil in each of the two end positions can only be retained by permanent magnetic flux and is movable by excitation of the coil from a respectively occupied end position in the opposite end position. The adjusting device according to the invention has the advantage that the armature of simple elements, the two armature discs of magnetic flux conductive, eg soft magnetic material and the armature shaft, which may consist of non-magnetic or soft magnetic material, can be produced. A trained in this way anchor is insensitive to shock loads, thus ensuring a long life of the actuator.
Ein oder mehrere Permanentmagnete sind zwischen Polkörpern eingebettet im Gehäuse angeordnet und dadurch vor dynamischer Beanspruchung geschützt. Dre Permanentmagnet kann bei dieser Anordnung aus ringförmig angeordneten Einzelmagneten bestehen oder auch in Form eines Ringmagneten ausgebildet sein. Weiterhin können Magnete aus empfindlichen Magnetwerkstoffen, beispielsweise Verbundwerkstoffen, verwendet werden, die hohe Polarisationswerte und Feldstärken ermöglichen. Die Anordnung der Permanentmagnete zwischen Polkörpern und unmittelbar benachbart den Ankerscheiben ermöglicht hohe Haltekräfte, wenn die Spule nicht mit Strom erregt ist. Weiterhin trägt die Verwendung nur einer Spule zu niedrigen Herstellkosten und geringer Baugröße bei. One or more permanent magnets are embedded embedded between polar bodies in the housing and thereby protected from dynamic stress. Dre permanent magnet may consist in this arrangement of annularly arranged individual magnets or be formed in the form of a ring magnet. Furthermore, magnets can be made of sensitive Magnetic materials, such as composites, can be used, which allow high polarization values and field strengths. The arrangement of the permanent magnets between polar bodies and immediately adjacent the armature discs allows high holding forces when the coil is not energized. Furthermore, the use of only one coil contributes to low manufacturing costs and small size.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind der Anker, das Magnetsystem und die Spule rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildet. Hiervon abweichende Gestaltungen sind aber ebenfalls möglich. Weiterhin können zwei Magnetsysteme mit in Bezug auf die radiale Mittelebene der Spule symmetrisch angeordneten und gleichsinnig radial polarisierten Permanentmagneten vorgesehen sein. Nach einem weiteren Vorschlag der Erfindung sind der Magnet oder die Magnete und die Spule zwischen inneren und äußeren Polkörpern aus weichmagnetischem Material angeordnet, welche die Form von geschlossenen Ringen haben. Die axiale Dicke der Ankerscheiben ist vorzugsweise gleich, kann aber auch unterschiedlich sein, um verschiedene Haltekräfte in den beiden End- lagern zu erzielen. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the armature, the magnet system and the coil are rotationally symmetrical. However, deviating designs are also possible. Furthermore, two magnet systems may be provided with respect to the radial center plane of the coil symmetrically arranged and the same direction radially polarized permanent magnet. According to a further proposal of the invention, the magnet or magnets and the coil between inner and outer pole bodies of soft magnetic material are arranged, which have the form of closed rings. The axial thickness of the armature discs is preferably the same, but may also be different in order to achieve different holding forces in the two end bearings.
Nach einem weiteren Vorschlag der Erfindung kann zumindest eine Ankerscheibe zylindrisch ausgebildet und in einer einseitig geschlossenen, zylindrischen Kammer des Gehäuses angeordnet sein, wobei die Ankerscheibe an ihrem Umfang gegenüber der Wand der Kammer mittels einer Dichtung abgedichtet ist. Auf diese Weise bildet die Kammer mit der Ankerscheibe einen geschlossenen Raum, so dass das in dem Raum enthaltene Medium, vorzugsweise Luft, beim Eindringen der Ankerscheibe in den Raum zusammengedrückt wird und den Anker auf dem Weg in die dieser Bewegungsrichtung folgende Endstellung verzögert und das Erreichen der Endstellung dämpft. Hierbei hat sich überraschend gezeigt, dass ein verhältnismäßig kleines Luft- volumen bereits ausreicht, um eine wirksame Dämpfung des Ankeranschlags zu bewirken. According to a further proposal of the invention, at least one anchor plate can be cylindrical and arranged in a closed on one side, cylindrical chamber of the housing, wherein the armature disc is sealed at its periphery relative to the wall of the chamber by means of a seal. In this way, the chamber forms an enclosed space with the armature disk, so that the medium contained in the space, preferably air, is compressed upon penetration of the armature disk into the room and the anchor on the way to the end position following this movement direction delays and reaching the end position dampens. It has surprisingly been found that a relatively small air volume is already sufficient to effect an effective damping of the anchor stop.
Das Gehäuse der Stellvorrichtung, das auch die Kammer bildet, besteht nach der Erfindung vorzugsweise aus einem nicht magnetischen Material, um eine Streuung des magnetischen Flusses zu vermeiden und den Fluss auf den Anker zu konzentrieren. The housing of the actuator, which also forms the chamber, according to the invention preferably consists of a non-magnetic material in order to avoid a dispersion of the magnetic flux and to concentrate the flux on the armature.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Verwendung der Stellvorrichtung nach der Erfin- dung umfasst nach Anspruch 10 eine Kombination mit einer Motorspindel, die in einem Spindelgehäuse einen Elektromotor und eine von diesem drehend antreibbare Spindel mit einer Werkzeugaufnahme für ein Werkzeug zur spanenden Werkstückbearbeitung enthält, wobei die Spindel als Hohlwelle ausgebildet ist und in ihrer Längsbohrung eine durch Federkraft in einer Schließstellung gehaltene Schnellspannvorrichtung zum Festspannen eines Werkzeugs oder eines Werkzeughalters aufweist, wobei das Gehäuse der Stellvorrichtung an dem Spindelgehäuse mit koaxial zur Spindel ausgerichteter Achse befestigt ist, und wobei der Anker mit einem in einer Längsbohrung der Spindel axial verschiebbaren Stößel in Eingriff treten und die Spannvorrichtung unter Überwindung der Federkraft in eine Lösestellung bewegen kann. A particularly advantageous use of the adjusting device according to the invention comprises according to claim 10 a combination with a motor spindle, which contains in a spindle housing an electric motor and a rotatably driven by this spindle with a tool holder for a tool for machining workpiece machining, wherein the spindle as a hollow shaft is formed and in its longitudinal bore a held by spring force in a closed position quick release device for clamping a tool or a tool holder, wherein the housing of the adjusting device is fixed to the spindle housing with coaxial with the spindle aligned axis, and wherein the armature with a longitudinal bore in the Spindle axially displaceable plunger engage and can move the clamping device overcoming the spring force in a release position.
Durch die Kombination nach der Erfindung können aufwendige und vielfach als nachteilig angesehene, mit pneumatischer oder hydraulischer Energie angetriebene Stellvorrichtungen entfallen, die seither zur Betätigung von Werkzeugspannvorrichtungen in Motorspindeln üblich sind. Mit Hilfe der Stellvorrichtung nach der Erfindung lassen sich bei geeigneter Baugröße und akzeptablem Gewicht ausreichend hohe Stellkräfte erzielen, um die Federspannsätze solcher Werkzeugspannvorrichtungen zusammen zu drücken und die Spannvorrichtung zu lösen. Mit der Vorrichtung nach der Erfindung können außerdem die Haltekräfte, die zum Halten der Werkzeugspannvorrichtung in der Lösestellung erforderlich sind, mit Hilfe der Permanentmagnete erzeugt werden, so dass die Spule nur zum Lösen der Werkzeugspannvorrichtung und zum Zurückkehren in die Spannstellung kurzzeitig betätigt werden muss. The combination according to the invention can be costly and often regarded as disadvantageous, driven by pneumatic or hydraulic power actuators eliminated, which are now common for operating tool clamping devices in motor spindles. With the help of the adjusting device according to the invention can be achieved with a suitable size and acceptable weight sufficiently high actuating forces to press the spring tension sets of such tool clamping devices together and to solve the tensioning device. With the device according to the invention, moreover, the holding forces required for holding the tool clamping device in the release position can be generated by means of the permanent magnets so that the spool must be actuated briefly only to release the tool clamping device and to return to the clamping position.
Die erfindungsgemäße Kombination ermöglicht somit Motorspindeln, die zum Spannen und Entspannen des Werkzeugs und zum Antrieb des Werkzeugs für die Durchführung von Bearbeitungsvorgängen nur eine Antriebsenergie, nämlich elektrischen Strom, benötigen. The combination according to the invention thus enables motor spindles which require only one drive energy, namely electrical current, for clamping and relaxing the tool and for driving the tool for carrying out machining operations.
Die Stellvorrichtung kann, wie das Ausführungsbeispiel zeigt, unmittelbar an der Motorspindel angebracht werden. Die Erfindung schließt aber auch Ausführungen ein, bei denen die Stellbewegung und Stellkraft durch ein mechanisches Übertragungssystem, z.B. Zug-Druck-Kabel, oder durch ein hydraulisches Übertragungssystem an die Motorspindel übertragen wird. Letzteres kann vorteilhaft sein, um das Gewicht der Motorspindel klein zu halten. The adjusting device can, as the embodiment shows, be mounted directly on the motor spindle. However, the invention also includes embodiments in which the actuating movement and actuating force are controlled by a mechanical transmission system, e.g. Pull-pressure cable, or transmitted by a hydraulic transmission system to the motor spindle. The latter may be advantageous to keep the weight of the motor spindle small.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert, die in der Zeichnung dargestellt sind. Es zeigen The invention will be explained in more detail by means of embodiments which are illustrated in the drawing. Show it
Figur 1 einen Querschnitt durch eine elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung nach der Erfindung, 1 shows a cross section through an electromagnetic actuator according to the invention,
Figur 2 eine Darstellung der Feldlinien bei bestromter Spule zur Erzeugung einer Stellkraft in einer ersten Richtung,  FIG. 2 is an illustration of the field lines when the coil is energized to generate a force in a first direction,
Figur 3 eine Darstellung der Feldlinien bei unbestromter Spule und  Figure 3 is a representation of the field lines in the current-de-energized coil and
permanentmagnetisch gehaltener Stellung gemäß Figur 2, Figur 4 eine Darstellung der Feldlinien bei umgekehrt bestromter Spule zur Erzeugung einer Stellkraft in einer zweiten Richtung,  4 permanent magnetically held position according to Figure 2, Figure 4 is a representation of the field lines at reversely energized coil for generating a force in a second direction,
Figur 5 einen Querschnitt durch eine mit einer Stellvorrichtung nach der  Figure 5 shows a cross section through one with an adjusting device according to the
Erfindung versehene Motorspindel.  Invention provided motor spindle.
Die in Figur 1 gezeigte elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung umfasst ein topfförmiges Gehäuse 1 mit einer sich längs einer Achse erstreckenden zylindrischen Bohrung 2, die an einem Ende durch einen Gehäuseboden 3 und am anderen Ende durch einen an dem Gehäuse 1 befestigten Deckel 4 verschlossen ist. In dem Gehäuse 1 befindet sich ein in Richtung der Achse beweglich gelagerter Anker 5, der aus einem Ankerschaft 6 und fest mit diesem verbundenen und in einem Abstand voneinander angeordneten Ankerscheiben 7, 8 zusammengesetzt ist. Der Ankerschaft 6 erstreckt sich durch eine Bohrung 2 im Deckel 4 und ist in dieser geführt. Die Ankerscheiben 7, 8 haben parallele Seitenflächen und zylindrische Mantelflächen, mit denen sie in Gleitbuchsen 9 gelagert sind, die in der Bohrung 2 des Gehäuses 1 angeordnet sind. In dem Zwischenraum zwischen den Ankerscheiben 7, 8 sind ein innerer, ringförmiger Polkörper 10 und in einem radialen Abstand von diesem ein äußerer, ringförmiger Polkörper 1 1 angeordnet. In dem Ringraum zwischen den beiden Polkörpern 10, 1 1 befindet sich eine wenigstens eine Wicklung aufweisende Spule 12 und an beiden Seiten der Spule 12 jeweils ein Permanentmagnet 13, 14. Die beiden Permanentmagnete 13, 14 sind in gleicher Richtung radial und damit quer zur Bewegungsrichtung des Ankers 5 polarisiert und bilden mit den Polkörpern 10, 1 1 und den Ankerscheiben 7, 8 zwei Magnetsysteme. Die Permanentmagnete 13, 14 sind ringförmig um den Polkörper 10 angeordnet und können als Ringmagnete oder auch als eine Anordnung von gleichsinnig pola- risierten Einzelmagneten ausgebildet sein. Die Polkörper 10, 1 1 und die Permanentmagnete 13, 14 sind fest miteinander verbunden und der äußere Polkörper 1 1 ist mit Hilfe der Gleitbuchsen 9, die sich am Gehäuseboden 3 und am Deckel 4 abstützen, axial in dem Gehäuse 1 fixiert. Anstelle der zur Spule 12 symmetrischen Anordnung der Permanentmagnete 13, 14 können diese auch nebeneinander auf einer Seite der Spule 12, vorzugsweise der Ankerscheibe 7 benachbart, angeordnet oder durch einen einzigen Permanentmagnet entsprechender Stärke, beispielsweise einen Ringmagnet, gebildet sein. The electromagnetic actuator shown in Figure 1 comprises a cup-shaped housing 1 with an axis extending along a cylindrical bore 2, which at one end by a housing bottom 3 and at other end is closed by a cover 4 attached to the housing 1. In the housing 1 is a movably mounted in the direction of the axis anchor 5, which is composed of an anchor shaft 6 and fixedly connected to this and spaced from each other anchor plates 7, 8. The armature shaft 6 extends through a bore 2 in the lid 4 and is guided in this. The armature discs 7, 8 have parallel side surfaces and cylindrical outer surfaces, with which they are mounted in slide bushings 9, which are arranged in the bore 2 of the housing 1. In the space between the armature discs 7, 8, an inner, annular pole body 10 and at a radial distance from this an outer, annular polar body 1 1 are arranged. In the annular space between the two pole bodies 10, 1 1 is a coil having at least one coil 12 and on both sides of the coil 12 each have a permanent magnet 13, 14. The two permanent magnets 13, 14 are radially in the same direction and thus transverse to the direction of movement of the armature 5 polarized and form with the polar bodies 10, 1 1 and the armature discs 7, 8 two magnet systems. The permanent magnets 13, 14 are arranged annularly around the pole body 10 and can be designed as ring magnets or as an arrangement of the same direction polarized individual magnet. The polar body 10, 1 1 and the permanent magnets 13, 14 are fixedly connected to each other and the outer pole body 1 1 is axially fixed in the housing 1 by means of sliding bushes 9, which are supported on the housing bottom 3 and on the cover 4. Instead of the coil 12 to the symmetrical arrangement of the permanent magnets 13, 14, these may also adjacent to one another on one side of the coil 12, preferably the armature disc 7, arranged or formed by a single permanent magnet corresponding strength, such as a ring magnet.
Zwischen jeder Ankerscheibe 7, 8, dem benachbarten Permanentmagnet 13, 14 und der benachbarten Seite der Polkörper 10, 1 1 befindet sich jeweils ein axial veränderlicher Luftspalt L1 , L2 eines Luftspaltsystems, wobei jedem Luftspalt L1 , L2 ein Magnetsystem zugeordnet ist. Between each armature disc 7, 8, the adjacent permanent magnet 13, 14 and the adjacent side of the pole body 10, 1 1 is in each case one axially variable air gap L1, L2 of an air gap system, each air gap L1, L2 is associated with a magnetic system.
Die beiden Polkörper 10, 1 1 und die Ankerscheiben 7, 8 bestehen aus einem den magnetischen Fluss gut leitenden, insbesondere weichmagnetischen Material. Der Ankerschaft 6 kann ebenfalls aus magnetischen Fluss leitendem Material bestehen, vorzugsweise besteht er jedoch aus nicht magnetischem Material, um einer Streuung des Flusses entgegen zu wirken. Das Gehäuse 1 , der Deckel 4 und die Gleitbuchsen 9 bestehen ebenfalls aus nicht magneti- schem Material. The two pole bodies 10, 11 and the armature disks 7, 8 consist of a magnetic flux which conducts well, in particular soft magnetic material. The armature shaft 6 may also be made of magnetic flux conductive material, but preferably it consists of non-magnetic material to counteract a scattering of the flow. The housing 1, the cover 4 and the sliding bushes 9 are also made of non-magnetic material.
Die dem Gehäuseboden 3 benachbarte Ankerscheibe 7 ist in einer von dem Gehäuse 1 und der sie umgebenden Gleitbuchsen 9 gebildeten Kammer 16 angeordnet und durch einen Dichtring 17 gegenüber der Gleitbuchsen 9 abge- dichtet. Hierdurch wird die Luft, die sich zwischen dem Gehäuseboden 3 und der Ankerscheibe 7 befindet, verdichtet, wenn sich die Ankerscheibe 7 in Richtung des Gehäusebodens 3 bewegt. Hierdurch wird das Erreichen der die Bewegung des Ankers 5 in Richtung des Gehäusebodens 3 begrenzenden Endstellung wirksam gedämpft. The armature disk 7 adjacent to the housing bottom 3 is arranged in a chamber 16 formed by the housing 1 and the sliding bushings 9 surrounding it and is sealed off from the sliding bushes 9 by a sealing ring 17. As a result, the air which is located between the housing bottom 3 and the armature disk 7, compressed when the armature disk 7 moves in the direction of the housing bottom 3. As a result, the achievement of the movement of the armature 5 in the direction of the housing bottom 3 limiting end position is effectively damped.
Bei der beschriebenen elektromagnetischen Stellvorrichtung kann der Anker 5 in seinen beiden Endstellungen durch die Magnetkraft der Permanentmagnete 13, 14 mit vergleichsweise hoher Kraft gehalten werden. Die Mittelstellung des Ankers 5 mit gleich großen Luftspalten L1 , L2 ist instabil. Um den Anker 5 in die eine oder andere Endstellung zu bewegen, wird die Spule 12 kurzzeitig mit einem Strom erregt, wobei die Stromrichtung die Richtung der Ankerbewegung bestimmt. In the described electromagnetic actuator, the armature 5 can be held in its two end positions by the magnetic force of the permanent magnets 13, 14 with a comparatively high force. The center position of the armature 5 with equal air gaps L1, L2 is unstable. In order to move the armature 5 in one or the other end position, the coil 12 is briefly energized with a current, wherein the current direction determines the direction of the armature movement.
Die Figuren 2 bis 4 zeigen die Feldlinien des magnetischen Flusses bei ver- schiedenen Betriebszuständen der Stellvorrichtung. Gezeigt ist hierbei jeweils der halbe Axialschnitt der den magnetischen Fluss leitenden Teile. Bei dem in Figur 2 gezeigten Beispiel ist die Spule 12 mit einem Strom von solcher Richtung erregt, dass er ein mit dem Feld des Permanentmagneten 14 gleichsinniges Spulenfeld erzeugt. Beide Felder ergänzen sich und rufen einen starken elektromagnetischen Fluss hervor, der durch den Permanentmagneten 13 abgelenkt über die Ankerscheibe 7 geleitet wird. Das Feld des Permanentmagneten 13 wird hierbei geschwächt, ist aber ebenfalls noch Kraft erzeugend wirksam. Auf den Anker 5 wirkt hierdurch eine starke Kraft in Richtung des Pfeils F, durch die der Anker in die rechte Endstellung bewegt wird. Figur 3 zeigt die rechte Endstellung des Ankers 5 nach Aberregung der Spule 12. Der nun nicht mehr durch das Spulenfeld geschwächte PermanentmagnetFigures 2 to 4 show the field lines of the magnetic flux at different operating states of the adjusting device. Shown here is in each case half the axial section of the magnetic flux conducting parts. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the coil 12 is energized with a current of such a direction that it generates a coil field which is in the same direction as the field of the permanent magnet 14. Both fields complement each other and cause a strong electromagnetic flux, which is guided by the permanent magnet 13 deflected over the armature disk 7. The field of the permanent magnet 13 is weakened here, but is also still force generating effective. On the armature 5 thereby acts a strong force in the direction of the arrow F, through which the armature is moved to the right end position. FIG. 3 shows the right-hand end position of the armature 5 after the coil 12 has been excited. The permanent magnet, which is no longer weakened by the coil field, is shown in FIG
13 erzeugt ein starkes Feld, das die Ankerscheibe 7 erfasst und den Anker 5 mit einer Kraft F in der Endstellung hält. Das Feld des Permanentmagneten 13 wird zusätzlich durch einen Teil des Feldes des Permanentmagneten 14 ver- stärkt. Der durch die rechte Ankerscheibe 8 geleitete Fluss des Permanentmagneten 14 ist durch den hier großen Luftspalt L2 stark geschwächt und daher kaum wirksam. 13 creates a strong field that captures the armature disk 7 and holds the armature 5 with a force F in the end position. The field of the permanent magnet 13 is additionally reinforced by a part of the field of the permanent magnet 14. The guided by the right armature disc 8 flow of the permanent magnet 14 is greatly weakened by the here large air gap L2 and therefore hardly effective.
Figur 4 zeigt den Verlauf des magnetischen Flusses bei Erregung der Spule 12 mit einem Strom von umgekehrter Richtung, um den Anker 5 in die entgegengesetzte Richtung zu bewegen. Nun verstärkt das Spulenfeld das Feld des Permanentmagneten 13 und schwächt das Feld des PermanentmagnetenFigure 4 shows the course of the magnetic flux upon energization of the coil 12 with a current of reverse direction to move the armature 5 in the opposite direction. Now the coil field amplifies the field of the permanent magnet 13 and weakens the field of the permanent magnet
14 und der Permanentmagnet 14 lenkt den gemeinsamen Fluss von Spule 12 und Permanentmagnet 13 zur Ankerscheibe 8, so dass der Anker 5 in die linke Endstellung bewegt wird. Bei dieser Bewegung ist die durch die Kammer 16 bewirkte Dämpfung besonders wirksam. 14 and the permanent magnet 14 directs the common flow of coil 12 and permanent magnet 13 to the armature disc 8, so that the armature 5 is moved to the left end position. During this movement, the damping caused by the chamber 16 is particularly effective.
Die beschriebene elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung eignet sich in besonderem Maße zur Betätigung der Werkzeugspannvorrichtung einer Motorspin- del. Figur 5 zeigt eine solche Anwendung, bei der eine elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung 20 mit einer Motorspindel 21 kombiniert ist. Die Motorspindel 21 besteht aus einem mehrteiligen Spindelgehäuse 22, einer Statorwicklung 23 und einer mittels Wälzlagern 24 gelagerten Spindel 25 mit einem Rotor 26. Die Spindel 25 ist mit einer durchgehenden Längsbohrung 27 versehen, die an dem in der Zeichnung unteren Ende in eine Kegelbohrung 28 zur Aufnahme eines Werkzeugkegels 29 mündet. Der Werkzeugkegel 29 kann entweder unmittelbar an einem Bearbeitungswerkzeug oder, wie in der Zeichnung dargestellt, an einem Werkzeughalter 30 angebracht sein. In der Längsbohrung 27 ist axial verschiebbar eine Schnellspannvorrichtung 31 und ein mit dieser fest verbundener Stößel 32 axial verschiebbar gelagert. Die Schnellspannvorrichtung 31 wirkt mit einem Spannzapfen 33 zusammen, der an dem Werk- zeugkegel 29 befestigt ist. In der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Spannposition wird der Spannzapfen 33 von der Schnellspannvorrichtung 31 formschlüssig umgriffen und durch die Kraft von vorgespannten Tellerfedern 34 in die Spindel 25 hineingezogen, wodurch der Werkzeugkegel 29 in der Kegelbohrung 28 festgespannt wird. Die Tellerfedern 34 sind auf dem Stößel 32 angeordnet und stützen sich in axialer Richtung an dem Kopf 35 des Stößels 32 einerseits und an einem Anschlagring 36 andererseits ab, der an einer Schulter in der Längsbohrung 27 anliegt. The described electromagnetic actuating device is particularly suitable for actuating the tool clamping device of a motor spindle. FIG. 5 shows such an application in which an electromagnetic actuating device 20 is combined with a motor spindle 21. The motor spindle 21 consists of a multi-part spindle housing 22, a stator winding The spindle 25 is provided with a continuous longitudinal bore 27, which opens at the lower end in the drawing in a conical bore 28 for receiving a tool cone 29. The tool cone 29 can either be attached directly to a machining tool or, as shown in the drawing, to a tool holder 30. In the longitudinal bore 27 is axially slidably mounted a quick-release device 31 and a fixedly connected to this plunger 32 axially displaceable. The quick-action clamping device 31 cooperates with a clamping pin 33, which is fastened to the tool cone 29. In the clamping position shown in the drawing, the clamping pin 33 is positively embraced by the quick release device 31 and pulled by the force of biased disc springs 34 in the spindle 25, whereby the tool cone 29 is clamped in the conical bore 28. The plate springs 34 are arranged on the plunger 32 and are supported in the axial direction on the head 35 of the plunger 32 on the one hand and on a stop ring 36 on the other hand, which bears against a shoulder in the longitudinal bore 27.
Die Stellvorrichtung 20 entspricht im Wesentlichen der in Figur 1 gezeigten Stellvorrichtung und ist daher mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. Die Stellvorrichtung 20 ist an dem vom Werkzeughalter 30 abgekehrten Ende des Spindelgehäuses 22 mit Hilfe des Deckels 4 befestigt. Das aus dem Deckel 4 herausragende Ende des Ankerschafts 6 greift in die Längsbohrung 27 in der Spindel 25 ein und liegt in der in das Gehäuse 1 zurückgezogenen Stellung des Ankers 5 mit seiner Stirnfläche dem Kopf 35 des Stößels 32 mit geringem Abstand gegenüber. Auch radial ist zwischen dem Ende des Ankerschafts 6 und der Wand der Längsbohrung 27 ein Spiel vorhanden, so dass der Ankerschaft 6 von der bei Bearbeitungsvorgängen rotierenden Spindel 25 und dem mit dieser rotierenden Kopf 35 nicht berührt wird. In dieser beschriebenen Stellung der Stellvorrichtung 20 ist der Werkzeughalter 30 durch die Stellspannvorrichtung 31 mit Hilfe der Kraft der Tellerfedern 34 gespannt. Der Anker 5 ist ohne Erregung der Spule 12 durch das Magnetsystem aus Perma- nentmagnet 14 und Ankerscheibe 8 in der zurückgezogenen Stellung gehalten. The adjusting device 20 substantially corresponds to the adjusting device shown in Figure 1 and is therefore provided with the same reference numerals. The adjusting device 20 is attached to the side facing away from the tool holder 30 end of the spindle housing 22 by means of the cover 4. The protruding from the lid 4 end of the armature shaft 6 engages in the longitudinal bore 27 in the spindle 25 and is located in the retracted into the housing 1 position of the armature 5 with its end face the head 35 of the plunger 32 with a small distance. Also radially between the end of the armature shaft 6 and the wall of the longitudinal bore 27 a game exists, so that the armature shaft 6 is not touched by the rotating during machining operations spindle 25 and the rotating head 35 with this. In this described position of the adjusting device 20, the tool holder 30 is tensioned by the adjusting jig 31 by means of the force of the disc springs 34. The armature 5 is without excitation of the coil 12 by the magnetic system of Perma- Magnetic magnet 14 and armature disc 8 held in the retracted position.
Soll der Werkzeughalter 30 mit einem daran befestigten Werkzeug gewechselt werden, so wird nach dem Stillsetzen der Spindel 25 die Spule 12 mit einem Strom erregt, durch den, wie in Figur 2 gezeigt, der Ankerschaft 6 in die aus dem Gehäuse 1 weiter herausgefahrene Stellung bewegt wird. Der Ankerschaft 6 kommt hierbei mit dem Kopf 35 des Stößels 32 in Kontakt und drückt entgegen der Kraft der Tellerfedern 34 den Stößel 32 mit der Schnellspannvor- richtung 31 soweit nach unten, dass der Spannzapfen 33 von der Schnellspannvorrichtung 31 freigegeben und der Werkzeugkegel 29 gelöst wird. Der Werkzeughalter 30 und das daran befestigte Werkzeug können auf diese Weise von Hand oder automatisch entnommen werden. Nach dem Lösen der Schnellspannvorrichtung 31 wird die Spule 12 stromlos geschaltet und die Lösestellung der Schnellspannvorrichtung 31 ohne Erregung der Spule allein durch die Permanentmagnete 13, 14, wie in Figur 2 gezeigt, entgegen der Kraft der Tellerfedern 34 gehalten. Nach dem Einsetzen des neuen Werkzeugs in die Kegelbohrung 28 der Spindel 25 wird zum Spannen eines neuen Werkzeugs die Spule 12 umgekehrt erregt und, wie in Figur 3 gezeigt, der Anker 5 in das Gehäuse 1 zurück bewegt. Mit Hilfe der Tellerfedern 34 wird dabei der Spannzapfen 33 des neuen Werkzeugs von der Spannvorrichtung 31 gegriffen und in der Kegel- bohrung 28 der Spindel 25 festgespannt. If the tool holder 30 is to be exchanged with a tool attached thereto, then after stopping the spindle 25, the coil 12 is energized with a current through which, as shown in FIG. 2, the armature shaft 6 moves into the position moved out of the housing 1 becomes. The armature shaft 6 comes here with the head 35 of the plunger 32 into contact and presses against the force of the disc springs 34, the plunger 32 with the Schnellspannvor- direction 31 far enough down that the clamping pin 33 released from the quick release device 31 and the tool cone 29 is released , The tool holder 30 and the attached tool can be removed in this way by hand or automatically. After releasing the quick-release device 31, the coil 12 is de-energized and held the release position of the quick-release device 31 without energizing the coil alone by the permanent magnets 13, 14, as shown in Figure 2, against the force of the disc springs 34. After inserting the new tool in the tapered bore 28 of the spindle 25, the spool 12 is excited inversely for clamping a new tool and, as shown in Figure 3, the armature 5 is moved back into the housing 1. With the aid of the disc springs 34, the clamping pin 33 of the new tool is gripped by the clamping device 31 and clamped in the conical bore 28 of the spindle 25.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE PATENT CLAIMS
Elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung mit einem Gehäuse (1 ), einem längs einer Achse in dem Gehäuse (1 ) zwischen zwei Endstellungen bewegbaren Anker (5), der zwei in einem Abstand voneinander angeordnete, mit einem Ankerschaft (6) fest verbundene Ankerscheiben (7, 8) aufweist, mit wenigstens einem eine ringförmigen Anordnung eines oder mehrerer zur Achse radial polarisierte Permanentmagnete (13, 14) umfassenden Magnetsystem, das gehäusefest zwischen den Ankerscheiben (7, 8) angeordnet ist und mit diesen ein Luftspaltsystem mit axial veränderlichen Luftspalten (L1 , L2) bildet, und mit einer dem Magnetsystem zugeordneten, an eine Stromquelle anschließbaren, ringförmigen Spule (12), wobei das Magnetsystem und das Luftspaltsystem so ausgelegt sind, dass der Anker (5) ohne Erregung der Spule (12) in jeder der beiden Endstellungen festhaltbar ist und durch Erregung der Spule (12) aus einer jeweils eingenommenen Endstellung in die entgegengesetzte Endstellung bewegbar ist. Electromagnetic actuating device with a housing (1), an armature (5) movable along an axis in the housing (1) between two end positions, the two armature disks (7, 8) arranged at a distance from one another and firmly connected to an armature shaft (6). has, with at least one magnet system comprising an annular arrangement of one or more permanent magnets (13, 14) polarized radially to the axis, which is arranged fixed to the housing between the armature disks (7, 8) and with these an air gap system with axially variable air gaps (L1, L2) forms, and with an annular coil (12) assigned to the magnet system and connectable to a power source, the magnet system and the air gap system being designed so that the armature (5) can be held in each of the two end positions without energizing the coil (12). and can be moved from one end position to the opposite end position by energizing the coil (12).
Stellvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anker (5), das Magnetsystem und die Spule (12) rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildet sind. Adjusting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the armature (5), the magnet system and the coil (12) are designed to be rotationally symmetrical.
Stellvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, gekennzeichnet durch zwei Magnetsysteme, die jeweils eine ringförmige Anordnung von gleichsinnig radial polarisierten Permanentmagneten aufweisen und in auf beiden Seiten der Spule (12) angeordnet sind. Adjusting device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized by two magnet systems, each of which has an annular arrangement of permanent magnets that are radially polarized in the same direction and are arranged on both sides of the coil (12).
Stellvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Magnetsystem oder die Magnetsysteme radial innere und radial äußere Polkörper (10, 1 1 ) aus einem den magnetischen Fluss leitenden Material aufweisen. Adjusting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnet system or the magnet systems have radially inner and radially outer pole bodies (10, 1 1) made of a material that conducts the magnetic flux.
5. Stellvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein radial innerer Polkörper (10) in Form eines geschossenen Rings sich innerhalb des Permanentmagnets oder der Permanentmagnete (13, 14) und der Spule (12) erstreckt. 5. Adjusting device according to claim 4, characterized in that a radially inner pole body (10) in the form of a shot ring extends within the permanent magnet or permanent magnets (13, 14) and the coil (12).
6. Stellvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein radial äußerer Polkörper (1 1 ) den Permanentmagnet oder die Permanentmagnete (13, 14) und die Spule (12) ringförmig umgibt. 6. Adjusting device according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that a radially outer pole body (1 1) surrounds the permanent magnet or permanent magnets (13, 14) and the coil (12) in a ring shape.
7. Stellvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die axiale Dicke der Ankerscheiben (7, 8) verschieden ist. 7. Adjusting device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the axial thickness of the armature disks (7, 8) is different.
8. Stellvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Ankerscheibe (7) zylindrisch ist und in einer einseitig geschlossenen, zylindrischen Kammer (16) des Gehäuses angeordnet ist und dass die Ankerscheibe (7) an ihrem Umfang gegen- über der Wand der Kammer (16) mittels einer Dichtung (17) abgedichtet ist. 8. Adjusting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an armature disk (7) is cylindrical and is arranged in a one-sidedly closed, cylindrical chamber (16) of the housing and that the armature disk (7) is opposite the wall on its circumference the chamber (16) is sealed by means of a seal (17).
9. Stellvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse (1 ) aus nicht magnetischem Material besteht. 9. Adjusting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (1) consists of non-magnetic material.
10. Kombination einer Stellvorrichtung (20) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche mit einer Motorspindel (21 ), die in einem Spindelgehäuse (22) einen Elektromotor und eine von diesem drehend antreibbare Spindel (25) mit einer Werkzeugaufnahme für ein Werkzeug zur Werkstückbearbeitung enthält, wobei die Spindel (5) als Hohlwelle ausgebildet ist und in ihrer Längsbohrung (27) eine durch Federkraft in einer Schließstellung gehaltene Schnellspannvorrichtung (31 ) zum Festspannen eines Werkzeugs oder eines Werkzeughalters (30) aufweist, wobei das Gehäuse (1 ) der Stellvorrichtung (20) an dem Spindelgehäuse (22) direkt oder indirekt befestigt ist, und wobei der Anker (5) mit einem in einer Längsbohrung (27) der Spindel (25) axial verschiebbaren Stößel (32) eine Kraft und eine Bewegung übertragend in Wirkverbindung treten und die Schnellspannvorrichtung (31 ) unter Überwindung der Federkraft in eine Lösestellung bewegen kann. 10. Combination of an adjusting device (20) according to one of the preceding claims with a motor spindle (21) which contains an electric motor in a spindle housing (22) and a spindle (25) which can be driven in rotation by this and has a tool holder for a tool for workpiece machining, wherein the spindle (5) is designed as a hollow shaft and has a spring force in its longitudinal bore (27). has a quick-clamping device (31) held in a closed position for clamping a tool or a tool holder (30), wherein the housing (1) of the adjusting device (20) is attached directly or indirectly to the spindle housing (22), and wherein the anchor (5) with a plunger (32) which is axially displaceable in a longitudinal bore (27) of the spindle (25) and transmits a force and movement and can move the quick-release device (31) into a release position while overcoming the spring force.
EP14711708.9A 2013-03-11 2014-03-10 Electromagnetic actuating device Active EP2973618B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102013102400.9A DE102013102400B4 (en) 2013-03-11 2013-03-11 Electromagnetic actuator and combination of electromagnetic actuator and motor spindle
PCT/EP2014/054545 WO2014139926A2 (en) 2013-03-11 2014-03-10 Electromagnetic actuating device and combination of electromagnetic actuating device and motor spindle

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EP2973618B1 EP2973618B1 (en) 2017-06-07

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ES (1) ES2635624T3 (en)
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CN105655086A (en) * 2016-04-08 2016-06-08 焦作市华鹰机电技术有限公司 Bilateral normal electromagnetic actuator with high performance
JP7393125B2 (en) * 2018-03-13 2023-12-06 フスコ オートモーティブ ホールディングス エル・エル・シー Bistable solenoid with intermediate states
FR3089314B1 (en) * 2018-11-29 2021-02-26 Moving Magnet Tech ADJUSTABLE EFFORT DEVICE
DE102019000135A1 (en) * 2019-01-13 2020-07-16 LONG-TIME-LINER Conture Make up GmbH Linear drive for pigmentation devices
DE102020109120B4 (en) 2020-04-01 2022-02-03 Alfred Jäger GmbH Electromagnetic actuator and its use
WO2023241760A1 (en) 2022-06-13 2023-12-21 Alfred Jäger GmbH Magnetic actuating device
DE102022114839A1 (en) 2022-06-13 2023-12-14 Alfred Jäger GmbH Magnetic actuator

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DE4214284A1 (en) 1992-04-30 1993-11-04 Schneider Co Optische Werke ELECTROMAGNETIC LINEAR MOTOR
DE19712293A1 (en) 1997-03-24 1998-10-01 Binder Magnete Electromagnetic actuator
DE19958888A1 (en) 1999-12-07 2001-06-13 Sheng Chih Sheng Bidirectional electro magnetic linear actuator for valve, has armature located in exciting coil with permanent magnets for providing holding force at end sections
DE10123270B4 (en) * 2001-05-12 2010-12-30 Andreas Maier Gmbh & Co. Kg Clamping device with driven retractable nipple
DE20114466U1 (en) * 2001-09-01 2002-01-03 Eto Magnetic Kg Electromagnetic actuator
DE10207828B4 (en) 2002-02-25 2004-10-07 Technische Universität Dresden Electromagnetic solenoid
FR2884349B1 (en) 2005-04-06 2007-05-18 Moving Magnet Tech Mmt BITABLE POLARIZED ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR WITH QUICK ACTUATION
DE102011001866A1 (en) 2011-04-07 2012-10-11 Mag Ias Gmbh Workpiece clamping device and machine tool

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DE102013102400B4 (en) 2021-08-26
WO2014139926A3 (en) 2014-12-31
DE102013102400A1 (en) 2014-09-11
ES2635624T3 (en) 2017-10-04
EP2973618B1 (en) 2017-06-07
WO2014139926A2 (en) 2014-09-18
TWI603353B (en) 2017-10-21

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