EP2971372B1 - Pieu à capacité axiale renforcée - Google Patents

Pieu à capacité axiale renforcée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2971372B1
EP2971372B1 EP14775464.2A EP14775464A EP2971372B1 EP 2971372 B1 EP2971372 B1 EP 2971372B1 EP 14775464 A EP14775464 A EP 14775464A EP 2971372 B1 EP2971372 B1 EP 2971372B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pile
capacity
diameter
length
enhancer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP14775464.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2971372A1 (fr
EP2971372A4 (fr
Inventor
Sangsoo RYU
Jean M. AUDIBERT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co
Original Assignee
ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co filed Critical ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co
Publication of EP2971372A1 publication Critical patent/EP2971372A1/fr
Publication of EP2971372A4 publication Critical patent/EP2971372A4/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2971372B1 publication Critical patent/EP2971372B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/48—Piles varying in construction along their length, i.e. along the body between head and shoe, e.g. made of different materials along their length
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/10—Deep foundations
    • E02D27/12—Pile foundations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/223—Details of top sections of foundation piles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/52—Piles composed of separable parts, e.g. telescopic tubes ; Piles composed of segments
    • E02D5/523—Piles composed of separable parts, e.g. telescopic tubes ; Piles composed of segments composed of segments
    • E02D5/526—Connection means between pile segments
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2200/00—Geometrical or physical properties
    • E02D2200/16—Shapes
    • E02D2200/165—Shapes polygonal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2200/00—Geometrical or physical properties
    • E02D2200/16—Shapes
    • E02D2200/165—Shapes polygonal
    • E02D2200/1664—Shapes polygonal made from multiple elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2200/00—Geometrical or physical properties
    • E02D2200/16—Shapes
    • E02D2200/1685—Shapes cylindrical

Definitions

  • This invention generally relates to the field of pile foundation systems, and, more particularly, to piles, either conventional driven piles or suction piles.
  • Suction piles also known as suction caissons, suction anchors, bucket foundations and skirt foundations, have found increased use offshore.
  • Suction piles have the appearance of an inverted bucket with a sealed top and are installed by first establishing initial penetration into the seabed due to the weight of the pile. Then, subsequent penetration is achieved by the "suction" created by pumping water out from inside the pile. A submersible pump attached to the top of the pile applies suction pressure. When the required depth is reached, the pump can be disconnected and retrieved.
  • suction piles differs from traditional piling in that suction piles are typically shorter in length and greater in diameter than traditional piling.
  • aspect ratios (pile length to pile diameter) of suction piles range between 0.5 and 8, compared with aspect ratios of 30 to 60 for traditional piles.
  • the diameter of a suction pile can range between 4 and 20 meters (12-66 feet), compared with 0.3 to 3 m (1-10 feet) for traditional piles.
  • US Patent No. 2,846,852 to Cappel is directed to a mud ring used to develop passive resistance of loose, soils in order to stabilize structure elements, such as piling, and to prevent having to provide excessive penetration.
  • structure elements such as piling
  • the present invention provides a system and a method to increase the axial holding capacity of a pile by adding a capacity enhancer in the form of an external ring, cylindrical or otherwise, to the pile, often located at the lower end of the pile.
  • a capacity enhancer in the form of an external ring, cylindrical or otherwise, to the pile, often located at the lower end of the pile.
  • Adding the capacity enhancer to the pile increases the axial holding capacity by increasing the surface area of the pile and maximizing the use of the higher soil strength by engaging the higher strength of the deepest soil layer.
  • the axial holding capacity is increased without increasing the overall diameter of the pile or its length, and with a very nominal increase in total weight.
  • the undrained shear strength of a soil often times increases linearly with depth. In these circumstances, thus the axial capacity of a pile increases with the square of the depth.
  • the present disclosure addresses increasing the axial holding capacity of a pile by adding a capacity enhancer in the form of an external ring, cylindrical or otherwise, to the pile, often at the lower end of the pile.
  • Adding the capacity enhancer which can also be referred to as a Pile Axial Capacity Enhancer (PACE)
  • PACE Pile Axial Capacity Enhancer
  • the axial holding capacity is increased without increasing the overall diameter of the pile or its length, and with a very nominal increase in total weight.
  • the axial holding capacity is increased, but more costly geotechnical investigations which could have been required for a longer length pile may be avoided.
  • the pile may continue to be of a size that can be easily fabricated and installed.
  • the present disclosure may be applied to piles either onshore or offshore, above or below the water table.
  • the present disclosure may be used to increase the axial capacity of a pile, either bearing, or compression capacity, and/or pull-out, tension, anchoring or upward capacity.
  • the capacity enhancer may be any cross-section, such as, for example, circular, triangular, square, octagonal or any polygon shape.
  • the shape or cross-section of the capacity enhancer does not have to match shape or cross-section of the pile.
  • the capacity enhancer may be made of any suitable material, including but not limited to metal, steel, concrete, etc.
  • the pile with the capacity enhancer may be installed by any available method, such as with gravity or dead weight either by itself or with additional ballast, driving, vibrations, suction, or any combination of these or other methods.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment in which a pile 100 is embedded below the seafloor 102, by conventional measures such as suction or driving the pile, as described previously.
  • the pile 100 has a length L and comprises a capacity enhancer 104 that is connected to the bottom of the pile.
  • the capacity enhancer 104 has a length L ce and an outer diameter D ce .
  • the diameter D ce of the capacity enhancer 104 is greater than the diameter D of the pile 100.
  • the ratio of the length L ce to the D ce of the capacity enhancer can range between 0.2 to 1, with dimensions outside of this range possible.
  • the capacity enhancer 104 is connected concentrically with pile 100, in other embodiments, the capacity enhancer could be connected non-concentrically with the pile.
  • the capacity enhancer is located in the deeper regions of the soil, which usually has the highest shear strength, providing increased pile surface area of in a local soil region of highest shear strength. This will significantly increase the axial holding capacity of the pile.
  • the capacity enhancer may be attached to the end or other location of the pile by any suitable means known in the art, such as, for example, by welding.
  • the capacity enhancer may also be constructed of any suitable material used in the industry.
  • Figure 2 illustrates graphically the increase in axial capacity provided by the capacity enhancer over that of a conventional pile.
  • Figure 2 is a graphical presentation of axial capacity calculations 200 made for a base pile anchor of 18 feet diameter and 100 feet length with a capacity enhancer of four different diameters and various lengths ranging from 2 feet to 20 feet.
  • the x-axis 202 of the graph provides the length in feet of the capacity enhancer; the y-axis 204 provides the increase in capacity over that of the same size conventional base pile.
  • Line 206 provides the calculated capacity increases for the addition of a capacity enhancer with a diameter of 24 feet.
  • Line 208 provides the calculated capacity increases for the addition of a capacity enhancer with a diameter of 26 feet.
  • Line 210 provides the calculated capacity increases for the addition of a capacity enhancer with a diameter of 28 feet.
  • Line 212 provides the calculated capacity increases for the addition of a capacity enhancer with a diameter of 30 feet.
  • a capacity enhancer of 26 feet diameter and 12 feet in length provides a 40% higher axial capacity compared to that of a base pile of the same size (diameter and length) without a capacity enhancer.
  • the ratio of the length of the base pile to the length of the capacity enhancer may be between 5 to 20.
  • the ratio of the diameter of the capacity enhancer to the diameter of the pile may be between 1.2 to 2.
  • Figure 3 illustrates graphically the increase in axial capacity provided by the capacity enhancer with the increase in total pile weight due to the capacity enhancer.
  • the x-axis 302 of the graph provides the percent increase in pile weight due to the capacity enhancer; the y-axis 304 provides the increase in capacity over that of the base pile.
  • a capacity enhancer can achieve 40% and 80% axial capacity increase for only a 15% and 31% increase in total pile weight.
  • FIG 4 illustrates how a capacity enhancer resolves limitations in penetration depth or pile diameter.
  • the graph 400 provides an indication of resisting force on the x axis 402 and depth below the mudline 401 on the y-axis 404, with increasing depth in the direction of the arrow 403.
  • Line 406 is the shaft resistance to penetration of the pile depending upon the depth
  • line 408 is the end bearing resistance against which the pile can be pulled down into the seabed using the suction pump.
  • the end bearing resistance exceeds the shaft friction until a certain depth is achieved, which is indicated at line 410.
  • the pile cannot be penetrated any further into the seabed because the shaft friction resistance exceeds the end bearing resistance, which results in soil plug pull out. In other words, at this point, it is easier for the soil plug to be sucked up inside the pile than for the pile to continue sinking into the seabed.
  • pile 412 indicates that, to achieve a given axial capacity, suction pile 412 with a diameter D would need to be too long and would not be able to penetrate far enough into the seabed.
  • the diameter of the pile could be increased to diameter D' and have an acceptable length, as shown for pile 414, however the diameter D' of pile 414 presents problems and increased costs in design, fabrication and installation.
  • pile 416 meets the given axial capacity, has an overall acceptable length, and is designed with an acceptable diameter D.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Appareil pour une fondation, comprenant :
    un premier organe allongé (100) qui est un pieu d'aspiration ayant une première longueur (L), et une première section transversale ; et
    un deuxième organe allongé (104) ayant une deuxième longueur (Lce) et une deuxième section transversale,
    le deuxième organe allongé étant connecté à proximité de l'extrémité du premier organe allongé qui sera située dans la partie la plus profonde du sol (102), et la deuxième section transversale étant supérieure à la première section transversale et la deuxième longueur étant inférieure à la première longueur, et le deuxième organe allongé étant ouvert aux deux extrémités, et le rapport de la longueur du premier élément allongé à la longueur du deuxième élément allongé étant compris entre 5 et 20.
  2. Appareil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le deuxième organe allongé est attaché de manière concentrique au premier organe allongé.
  3. Appareil selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le premier organe allongé est un cylindre et la première section transversale a un premier diamètre (D), et le deuxième organe allongé est un cylindre et la deuxième section transversale a un deuxième diamètre (Dce).
  4. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel le rapport de la longueur du premier organe au premier diamètre est compris entre 0,5 et 8.
  5. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel le rapport de la longueur du deuxième organe au deuxième diamètre est compris entre 0,2 et 1.
  6. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel le rapport du diamètre du deuxième organe au diamètre du premier organe est compris entre 1,2 et 2.
  7. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1, 2, ou 4 à 6, dans lequel le deuxième organe allongé est un polygone.
  8. Procédé pour améliorer la capacité axiale d'un pieu, comprenant :
    fournir un pieu d'aspiration ayant une première longueur et une première section transversale ;
    attacher un amplificateur de capacité ayant une deuxième longueur et une deuxième section transversale,
    l'amplificateur de capacité étant connecté à proximité de l'extrémité du pieu qui sera située dans la portion la plus profonde du sol, et la deuxième section transversale étant supérieure à la première section transversale et la deuxième longueur étant inférieure à la première longueur, et l'amplificateur de capacité étant ouvert aux deux extrémités, et le rapport de la longueur du pieu à la longueur de l'amplificateur de capacité étant compris entre 5 et 20.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, dans lequel l'amplificateur de capacité est attaché de manière concentrique au pieu.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 8 ou 9, dans lequel le pieu est un cylindre et la première section transversale présente un premier diamètre et l'amplificateur de capacité est un cylindre et la deuxième section transversale présente un deuxième diamètre.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10, dans lequel le rapport de la longueur du pieu au premier diamètre est compris entre 0,5 et 8.
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 11, dans lequel le rapport de la longueur de l'amplificateur de capacité au deuxième diamètre est compris entre 0,2 et 1.
  13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 12, dans lequel le rapport du diamètre de l'amplificateur de capacité au diamètre du pieu est compris entre 1,2 et 2.
  14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8, 9, 11 à 13, dans lequel l'amplificateur de capacité est un polygone.
EP14775464.2A 2013-03-13 2014-01-27 Pieu à capacité axiale renforcée Not-in-force EP2971372B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201361780040P 2013-03-13 2013-03-13
PCT/US2014/013227 WO2014158334A1 (fr) 2013-03-13 2014-01-27 Renforçateur de capacité axiale d'un pieu

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2971372A1 EP2971372A1 (fr) 2016-01-20
EP2971372A4 EP2971372A4 (fr) 2016-11-09
EP2971372B1 true EP2971372B1 (fr) 2018-04-25

Family

ID=51624992

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14775464.2A Not-in-force EP2971372B1 (fr) 2013-03-13 2014-01-27 Pieu à capacité axiale renforcée

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20160010303A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2971372B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2014242367C1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112015018800A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2900907C (fr)
NZ (1) NZ712647A (fr)
SG (1) SG11201506120RA (fr)
WO (1) WO2014158334A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115653011B (zh) * 2022-10-20 2023-05-02 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 一种防冻拔和防融沉的装置

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2846852A (en) * 1955-08-15 1958-08-12 Horace Williams Company Inc W Mud ring for the development of passive resistance in soft soils
US3691776A (en) * 1969-12-19 1972-09-19 Raymond Int Inc Expansive base pile construction
SE9402147L (sv) * 1994-06-17 1995-12-18 Geo Engineering Ab Anordning och förfarande för att öka bärförmågan för påle
US6719496B1 (en) * 1997-11-01 2004-04-13 Shell Oil Company ROV installed suction piles
KR20040052779A (ko) * 2004-03-20 2004-06-23 윤 용 송 헤드 확장형 파일 및 그 시공방법
CN100478525C (zh) * 2004-11-12 2009-04-15 丁锦良 一种复合管桩基础的施工方法
US20070243063A1 (en) * 2006-03-17 2007-10-18 Schellstede Herman J Offshore wind turbine structures and methods therefor
US8506206B2 (en) * 2010-10-08 2013-08-13 9267-9075 Quebec Inc. Composite pile formed of interconnected rigid hollow tubes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2971372A1 (fr) 2016-01-20
EP2971372A4 (fr) 2016-11-09
AU2014242367A1 (en) 2015-10-15
WO2014158334A1 (fr) 2014-10-02
CA2900907C (fr) 2017-09-05
NZ712647A (en) 2016-07-29
BR112015018800A2 (pt) 2017-07-18
SG11201506120RA (en) 2015-09-29
AU2014242367B2 (en) 2016-06-02
CA2900907A1 (fr) 2014-10-02
AU2014242367C1 (en) 2016-10-20
US20160010303A1 (en) 2016-01-14

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