EP2960921B1 - Selbstzentrierende einheit für vakuumröhre, und entsprechende vakuumröhre - Google Patents

Selbstzentrierende einheit für vakuumröhre, und entsprechende vakuumröhre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2960921B1
EP2960921B1 EP15173577.6A EP15173577A EP2960921B1 EP 2960921 B1 EP2960921 B1 EP 2960921B1 EP 15173577 A EP15173577 A EP 15173577A EP 2960921 B1 EP2960921 B1 EP 2960921B1
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Prior art keywords
bulb
spring
self
body part
centered
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2960921A1 (de
Inventor
Saïd Kantas
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
    • H01H2033/66276—Details relating to the mounting of screens in vacuum switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of vacuum bulbs and more specifically to the field of assembly of these vacuum bulbs.
  • a vacuum bulb is generally of axial symmetry and comprises a substantially cylindrical bulb body.
  • the axis of symmetry of the bulb body thus defines the axis of symmetry of the vacuum bulb.
  • the components of such vacuum bulbs In order to limit the risk of arcing and to obtain a good distribution of the electromagnetic field in the bulb, the components of such vacuum bulbs, such as contacts, the screen or even the lids of the bulb must respect a relative concentricity vis-à-vis the axis of symmetry of the body.
  • This problem of concentricity of the elements of the bulb and the bulb body is particularly present in the case where the vacuum bulb is intended to be overmoulded for a circuit breaker. Indeed, in such a configuration, the concentric nature or not of the bulb will define the thickness of the insulating overmoulding which directly affects the dielectric performance of the circuit breaker.
  • centering systems can take the form of either elastic lamellae or bosses which are distributed around the outer periphery of the element so that these lamellae or bosses are interposed between the element and the bulb body thus allowing to center the element.
  • centering systems bearing on the bulb body can hold the elements in place during assembly of the bulb and in particular during the temperature rise cycles.
  • lamellae can cause a decrease in the dielectric strength of the bulb because of their shape, the latter forming a triple point, and the opening they can leave in the case where they are formed in the element by a punching process.
  • Such lamellae when attached to the centering bulb element, generally require an expensive step, such as brazing, to be installed on said element.
  • the positioning of these slats must be precise to ensure the conformity of the centering of the elements to be centered.
  • embossings do not have the elastic properties of the slats. It is therefore necessary that their shape is precisely adjusted to allow a centering "hot” to absorb deformations related to thermal expansion.
  • the non-maintenance of the elements in the "cold" bulb body is particularly problematic for all transport operations before the heating cycles have been carried out. will ensure centering. Indeed, the less shock during these transport operations may result in decentering which will not always be corrected by the thermal expansion of the embossments.
  • the invention aims to remedy at least partially the above problems and more particularly to provide a self-centering assembly whose centering system allows a centering of the element "cold” as “hot” and n ' unlike the lamella-based centering systems, it does not reduce the dielectric strength of the bulb fitted by the assembly.
  • centering is obtained at a respective temperature of the order of the ambient, that is to say between 10 and 50 ° C, and at a temperature above 400 ° C and preferably of the order of 800 ° C-850 ° C.
  • Such an autocentered assembly benefits from the inherent elasticity of a coil spring and thus allows an assembly of a bulb with the element centered with respect to the bulb body both "cold” and "with hot ".
  • This centering of the bulb element is moreover relatively robust, since it is provided at several points by the turns interposing between the bulb element and the body.
  • the assembly of a vacuum bulb with such an autocentered assembly does not present any particular risk during the transport operations that they are carried out before or after the cycles of temperature rise.
  • any problem related to the triple points is avoided and a bulb comprising such a self-centering assembly does not have a reduction in the dielectric strength associated with the centering system.
  • spring coil of a coil spring means a length of the spring on which the spring spirals, that is to say the length of spring included between two consecutive locations of the spring for which the spring has the same angular dimension vis-à-vis its guideline. More generally, such a turn corresponds to a spring loop.
  • the guideline may be an arc of a circle, preferably a circle so as to form an annular spring.
  • the spring is particularly adapted to be interposed between two axially symmetrical elements such as the bulb body and the bulb element so as to make them concentric.
  • arc of circle an arc of circle whose arc angle is between 10 ° and 360 °, it can in particular take the following values: °, 45 °, 60 °, 90 °, 120 °, 150 ° and 180 °.
  • the turns can be disjointed.
  • the turns can deform independently of each other so as to better distribute the forces between them and thus better absorb any differences in concentricity between the bulb element and the bulb body.
  • the spring may be a helical spring inclined angle of inclination turns ⁇ .
  • angle of inclination of an inclined helical spring is understood to mean the angle ⁇ formed between a turn and a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spring.
  • the inclination of a turn is defined by the straight line passing through the median of the two ends of a turn and the midpoint of this turn, that is to say the vertex of the turn opposite the two ends.
  • the vacuum interrupter element may comprise a holding system configured to hold the spring in place when it interposes between the bulb element and the bulb body portion, said retention system being preferably a receiving groove of the spring which is arranged in the bulb element.
  • the bulb element can be selected from the group consisting of fixed vacuum bulb screens, movable vacuum bulb screens and vacuum bulb covers.
  • the autocentered assembly may further comprise independent parts forming screens for triple points.
  • the spring may be made of a material having a melting temperature lower than that of the bulb member material, whereby the spring may be used as a feed material during a soldering step of the bulb member with the bulb body portion when mounting the bulb element in the bulb body portion, the spring being preferably made of a copper-silver alloy
  • Such a centering system is particularly advantageous since it offers both a centering function and a fixing function of the element in the bulb body.
  • the spring may be made of a material selected from the group comprising iron, stainless steel, copper, silver and an alloy comprising at least one of these metals, the spring being preferably made of silver copper alloy .
  • the invention also relates to a vacuum interrupter comprising at least one bulb body part and which is characterized in that it comprises an autocentered assembly according to the invention.
  • Such a bulb can easily be assembled since at least part of the elements that compose it can be centered during its assembly by means of a centering system according to the principle of the invention
  • the bulb body may include a holding system configured to hold the spring in place when the spring is inserted between the bulb element. and the bulb body portion, said retention system preferably being a spring receiving groove which is provided in the bulb member.
  • Such a method allows an assembly of an ampoule with at least a portion of the elements that are perfectly centered, their centering having been made according to the principle of the invention.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a vacuum interrupter comprising a step according to the method of centering a bulb element in a bulb body according to the invention.
  • the figure 1 illustrates a vacuum bulb 1 comprising three self-centering assemblies 20, 30, 40 according to the invention of different types.
  • the vacuum interrupter 1 has axial symmetry around a bulb axis which is also the axis 14 of the bulb body 10. Such symmetry is provided by a substantially cylindrical bulb body 10 and components of the bulb body 10. bulb 31, 32, 15, 16, 21 also of axial symmetry and concentric with the bulb body 10.
  • the bulb body 10 is formed by the two bulb body portions 11, 12.
  • Each of the bulb body portions 11, 12 is made of insulating material such as ceramic, said bulb body 10 thus being generally known as "ceramic".
  • the bulb body portions 11, 12 have the general shape of a hollow right cylinder with open bases.
  • the body portions 11, 12 are circular so as to form a closed volume when assembled for forming the vacuum bottle 1 and closed by the covers 31, 41.
  • the two parts 11, 12 of bulb body are concentric and share the same axis 14 of symmetry which is the axis of symmetry of the body.
  • the first and second contacts 15, 16 are mounted, as illustrated on the figure 1 respectively on the first and second covers 31, 41.
  • the provision of the movable mounting of the contacts 15, 16 relatively to one another is carried out by an integral mounting of the first contact 15 on the first cover 31 and a movable mounting in translation of the second contact 16 with respect to the second cover 41.
  • the vacuum bottle 1 also comprises, so as to form the self-centering assemblies 20, 30, 40 according to the invention, springs 25, 35, 45 each associated with one of the bulb elements 21, 31, 41 respectively. are the screen 21, the first cover 31 and the second cover 41.
  • Each spring 25, 35, 45 is a coil spring with its turns which are distributed, according to the same principle as that illustrated on FIG. figure 2 , according to a guideline. These springs 25, 35, 45 are adapted to allow a centering of the bulb element 21, 31, 41 corresponding and thus form a centering system.
  • figure 2 shows the centering of an element 221 to center vis-à-vis an outer envelope 222, such as the bulb body 10 or one of the parts 11, 12 of the bulb body, this by means of a spring 225 according to the invention.
  • the element 221 to be centered is equipped with the spring 225 so as to form a self-centering assembly 220 according to the invention.
  • the spring 225 is therefore, according to the principle of the invention, a coil spring with the turns which extend along the line of direction 226.
  • the spring 225 illustrated on the figure 2 has circular turns of identical dimensions. Nevertheless, the spring 225 may also comprise turns other than circular, such as ellipsoidal turns, and / or of variable dimensions without departing from the invention.
  • the guide line 226 of the spring 225 follows a circle, the spring 225 thus being an annular helical spring.
  • the spring is disposed along the periphery of said element extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the element.
  • the element 221 to be centered may comprise a receiving groove 222 configured to receive the spring 225.
  • the receiving groove 222 extends around the periphery outside a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the element 221.
  • Such a receiving groove 222 forms a holding system configured to hold the spring in place when it is inserted between the element 221 and the casing 210.
  • the spring 220 as illustrated on the figure 2 and according to a particularly advantageous possibility of the invention is an inclined coil spring whose turns are disjoint.
  • the inclination of the turns is preferably chosen so that this inclination is, when the autocentered assembly 220 is mounted in the envelope 210, defined with respect to the plane containing the axis of symmetry. and which goes through the center of the turn.
  • the spring guideline is a circle or an arc
  • the inclination is then defined with respect to the plane containing the axis of symmetry of the circle corresponding to the guideline and which passes by the center of the turn.
  • the spring 225 therefore its dimensional characteristics, and its directional line 226 are adapted to allow a good centering of the element 221 with respect to the casing 210.
  • the diameter of the turns d of the spring is of the same order as the space between the element 211 and the envelope 210.
  • the diameter d and the angle ⁇ of the turns of the spring 225 comply with the following equation: d > gap Avg cos ⁇ with d the diameter of the turns, ⁇ the angle of inclination of the turns and gap moy the minimum space between the element 221 and the envelope 210 when they are concentric.
  • the diameter and the angle ⁇ of the turns of the turns of the spring 225 it is particularly advantageous for the diameter and the angle ⁇ of the turns of the turns of the spring 225 to also respect the following equation: d ⁇ gap max - 0 , 5 mm cos ⁇ with d the diameter of the turns, ⁇ the angle of inclination of the turns and gap max the maximum space between the element 221 and the envelope 210 when they are concentric. Indeed, with such a dimensioning all the turns is in contact with both the element 221 to center and the envelope 210 as shown on the figure 2 .
  • each of the turns has an angle of inclination ⁇ 2 greater than or equal to ⁇ and which respects the following equation: ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ cos - 1 gap min d with d the diameter of the turns, ⁇ and ⁇ 2 the respective angles of inclination of the turns at rest and one of the turns when the spring is inserted between the element and the envelope, and gap min the minimum space between the element 221 and the envelope 210 when they are concentric.
  • the pitch p of the turns and the angle of inclination ⁇ can be adapted according to the irregularities and the variations of the space between the element and the envelope when they are concentric. Indeed, a space between the element and the envelope with a large variation can be compensated by a tilt spring between 15 ° and 30 °, and a pitch p between the major turns. Such a pitch, combined with an average angle of inclination, allows a large variation in the inclination of the turns along the spring and thus makes it possible to compensate for the large variation of space between the element 221 and the envelope 210.
  • the spring 225 is made of a material selected from the group consisting of iron, steels, stainless steels, copper, silver and metal alloys having any of these materials.
  • the element 221 and the spring 225 form an autocentered assembly.
  • the spring 225 is previously placed on the element 221. This implementation is performed so that the spring 225 extends over the periphery of the element, its turns in contact with the element 221.
  • the self-centering assembly thus arranged, is then inserted into the casing 210.
  • the elastic deformation of the spring 225 distributes the forces over its entire length, the element 221 thus being brought back, during this insertion, in a position in which it is concentric with the casing 210.
  • any expansion related to a possible cycle of rise in temperature does not change the distribution of efforts along spring but only changes the intensity of the latter.
  • the centering is carried out both “hot” and “cold”.
  • the spring 225 When the spring 225 is interposed between the element 221 and the casing 210, the spring 225 works in compression in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the casing 221 and with respect to its guide line 226 so as to maintain the element 221 and the envelope 210 concentric.
  • the bulb element to be centered here the screen 21, may comprise a receiving groove 22 for receiving the spring 25.
  • the spring 25, 35, 45 may be formed of a material suitable for soldering such as a copper-silver alloy. Such an adaptation is provided by a melting temperature of said material which is lower than that of the material of the bulb element 21, 31, 41.
  • the spring acts both as a centering system and a material for brazing.
  • the fixing of a bulb element can be provided by a simple rise cycle. temperature for brazing the bulb element on the bulb body.
  • additional material may be provided.
  • the centering element can then be made to disappear after ensuring its centering function: melted, it occupies the interstices between the parts to be centered. The dielectric performance of the vacuum bulb is then optimized.
  • the tables below represent two examples of implementation of the invention.
  • the first relates to a bulb comprising a self-centering assembly whose bulb element is a fixed screen of the same type as that illustrated in FIGS. figures 1 and 3 .
  • the second example relates to a vacuum interrupter comprising an autocentered assembly whose bulb element is a mobile screen.
  • the spring of the self-centering assembly is identical with a turn diameter of 2.1 mm and an angle ⁇ 1 of inclination of 15 °.
  • the distance between the screen and the bulb body is relatively small, less than 1.2 mm, vis-à-vis the diameter of the turns which is 2.1 mm.
  • a simple inclination of the turns, related to the compression of the latter, allows a good distribution of the spring forces on the fixed screen to center the latter vis-à-vis the bulb body.
  • the distance between the screen and the bulb body is of the same order of magnitude as the diameter of the turns of 2.1 mm or higher: by places, this one can exceed 2,3mm.
  • the inclination of the turns therefore does not compensate for the distance between the screen and the body over its entire range of variation.
  • a part of the turns of the spring does not interconnect between the screen and the bulb body.
  • the spring is a helical spring inclined disjoint turns
  • the invention covers any type of coil spring as long as its turns are distributed along a guide line of the spring with the spring and its guideline which are adapted so that, when assembling an ampoule, several turns of the spring are interposed between the bulb element and the body of the bulb.
  • the spring may be a coil spring non-helical, may not include inclined turns or may have contiguous turns, without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the spring has a guide line in the form of a circle, the latter may also be in the form of a circular arc without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the centering system may comprise one or more other coil springs having an arcuate guideline this without that we leave the scope of the invention.
  • the total sum of the arcuate angles of the guidelines of the springs forming the centering system is preferably substantially equal to 360 °.
  • the springs illustrated are springs with substantially circular turns
  • the springs comprise turns of another shape.
  • the turns may, for example, have an ellipsoidal shape without departing from the invention.
  • the parameter d in equations (1) to (3) represents the dimension of the turns in a direction which is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the bulb body when the spring equips the vacuum bulb.
  • the bulb element has a receiving groove as a holding system
  • the bulb element and / or the bulb body may have another type. maintenance system or not to include without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the receiving groove can be arranged on the bulb body portion so as to lock the spring in position during placement of the element in the bulb body.
  • the bulb element and / or the bulb body may comprise a projection serving as a stop to hold the spring in place.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fastening Of Light Sources Or Lamp Holders (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Selbstzentrierende Einheit (20, 30, 40) für Vakuumröhren (1), umfassend:
    - ein Röhrenelement (21, 31, 41), das dazu bestimmt ist, bei dessen Anbringung in zumindest einem Röhrengehäuseteil (11, 12) bezüglich der Achse des Röhrengehäuseteils (11, 12) zentriert zu werden,
    - ein Zentriersystem, das dazu geeignet ist, das Röhrenelement (21, 31, 41) bezüglich der Achse (14) des Röhrengehäuseteils (11, 12) zu zentrieren, wobei die selbstzentrierende Einheit (20, 30, 40) dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass
    das Zentriersystem zumindest eine Windungsfeder (25, 35, 45) enthält, deren Windungen entlang einer Führungslinie der Feder (25, 35, 45) verteilt sind, wobei die Feder (25, 35, 45) und ihre Führungslinie so ausgelegt sind, dass bei der Anbringung des Röhrenelements (21, 31, 41) in dem Röhrengehäuseteil (11, 12) mehrere Windungen der Feder (25, 35, 45) sich zwischen das Röhrenelement (21, 31, 41) und das Röhrengehäuseteil (11, 12) einfügen, indem sie zugleich mit dem Röhrenelement (25, 35, 45) und dem Röhrengehäuseteil (11, 12) in Kontakt stehen.
  2. Selbstzentrierende Einheit (20, 30, 40) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Führungslinie ein Kreisbogen, vorzugsweise ein Kreis ist, so dass eine Ringfeder gebildet ist.
  3. Selbstzentrierende Einheit (20, 30, 40) nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Windungen voneinander getrennt sind.
  4. Selbstzentrierende Einheit (20, 30, 40) nach Anspruch 3, wobei die Feder (25, 35, 45) eine geneigte Spiralfeder mit einem Neigungswinkel der Windungen θ ist.
  5. Selbstzentrierende Einheit (20, 30, 40) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das Vakuumröhrenelement (21, 31, 41) ein Haltesystem umfasst, das dazu ausgelegt ist, die Feder (25, 35, 45) in Stellung zu halten, wenn sich diese zwischen das Röhrenelement (21, 31, 41) und das Röhrengehäuseteil (11, 12) einfügt, wobei das Haltesystem vorzugsweise eine Aufnahmenut (22) für die Feder ist, die in das Röhrenelement (21, 31, 41) eingebracht ist.
  6. Selbstzentrierende Einheit (20, 30, 40) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei das Röhrenelement (21, 31, 41) ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe umfassend feste Vakuumröhrenschirme (21), bewegliche Vakuumröhrenschirme und Vakuumröhrenabdeckungen (31, 41).
  7. Selbstzentrierende Einheit (20, 30, 40) nach Anspruch 6, die ferner unabhängige Dreipunkt-Schirmabschnitte umfasst.
  8. Selbstzentrierende Einheit (20, 30, 40) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei die Feder (25, 35, 45) aus einem Material ausgebildet ist, das eine geringere Schmelztemperatur als das Material des Röhrenelements aufweist, wobei bei der Anbringung des Röhrenelements (21, 31, 41) in das Röhrengehäuseteil (11, 12) die Feder somit als Lötmaterial während eines Schritts des Verlötens des Röhrenelements mit dem Röhrengehäuseteil verwendet wird, wobei die Feder (25, 35, 45) vorzugsweise aus einer Kupfer-Silber-Legierung hergestellt ist.
  9. Vakuumröhre (1), die zumindest ein Röhrengehäuseteil umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine selbstzentrierende Einheit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 umfasst.
  10. Vakuumröhre (1) nach Anspruch 9, wobei der Röhrengehäuse (10) ein Haltesystem umfasst, das dazu ausgelegt ist, die Feder (25, 35, 45) in Stellung zu halten, wenn diese sich zwischen das Röhrenelement (21, 31, 41) und das Röhrengehäuseteil (11, 12) einfügt, wobei das Haltesystem vorzugsweise eine Aufnahmenut (22) für die Feder ist, die in das Röhrenelement (21, 31, 41) eingebracht ist.
  11. Verfahren zum Zentrieren eines Röhrenelements (21, 31, 41) in ein Röhrengehäuse (10), umfassend die nachfolgenden Schritte:
    - Bereitstellen des zu zentrierenden Röhrenelements (21, 31, 41),
    - Bereitstellen einer Windungsfeder (25, 35, 45), um mit dem Röhrenelement (21, 31, 41) eine selbstzentrierende Einheit (20, 30, 40) zu bilden,
    - Bereitstellen zumindest eines Röhrengehäuseteils (11, 12),
    - Anbringen der selbstzentrierenden Einheit (20, 30, 40) in das zumindest eine Röhrengehäuseteil (11, 12) mit dem Röhrenelement (21, 31, 41), das über die Feder (25, 35, 45) bezüglich des Röhrengehäuseteils (11, 12) zentriert wird.
EP15173577.6A 2014-06-27 2015-06-24 Selbstzentrierende einheit für vakuumröhre, und entsprechende vakuumröhre Active EP2960921B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1456057A FR3023056B1 (fr) 2014-06-27 2014-06-27 Ensemble autocentre pour ampoule a vide et ampoule a vide

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EP2960921A1 EP2960921A1 (de) 2015-12-30
EP2960921B1 true EP2960921B1 (de) 2017-04-12

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EP (1) EP2960921B1 (de)
CN (1) CN105221955B (de)
FR (1) FR3023056B1 (de)

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FR3066311A1 (fr) * 2017-05-15 2018-11-16 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Dispositif de centrage d'un ecran metallique dans une ampoule a vide, et ampoule a vide comportant un tel dispositif

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS522260U (de) 1975-06-24 1977-01-08
JPS6337043U (de) 1986-08-27 1988-03-10
JPS6358440U (de) 1986-10-06 1988-04-19
JPS63261639A (ja) 1987-04-20 1988-10-28 株式会社東芝 真空バルブ
US6657149B1 (en) 1999-06-11 2003-12-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vacuum interrupter with a vapor shield
JP2001297666A (ja) 2000-04-13 2001-10-26 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 真空バルブ

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EP2960921A1 (de) 2015-12-30
CN105221955A (zh) 2016-01-06
FR3023056A1 (fr) 2016-01-01
CN105221955B (zh) 2019-02-12
FR3023056B1 (fr) 2016-07-22

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