EP2958720B1 - Apparatus for the production of single-layer tiles - Google Patents
Apparatus for the production of single-layer tiles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2958720B1 EP2958720B1 EP14715987.5A EP14715987A EP2958720B1 EP 2958720 B1 EP2958720 B1 EP 2958720B1 EP 14715987 A EP14715987 A EP 14715987A EP 2958720 B1 EP2958720 B1 EP 2958720B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- frame
- filter
- collector
- channels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/40—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material
- B28B7/46—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material for humidifying or dehumidifying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
- B30B9/26—Permeable casings or strainers
- B30B9/262—Permeable casings or strainers means disposed in the casing facilitating the squeezing-out of liquid
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a unit for carrying out the steps of pressing and suction of water in processes for production of tiles, in particular single-layer tiles.
- DE 10 2007 030 324 A1 discloses an apparatus for presses designed for the production of single-layer tiles starting from a water-based mix contained in a mould defining a pressing area in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.
- An aspect of known systems that is open to improvement is linked to the relative difficulty in keeping the filtering and suction system clean and to the relatively frequent need to replace the filters used for removal of the excess liquid phase from the mix.
- a first advantage lies in the fact that the filters can be replaced without removing the plate from the pad, i.e., maintaining the plate and the pad fixed together, it being possible for them to be released only when it is necessary remove the plate to replace the filter and also to carry out cleaning of the inside of the various collectors, it being thus possible to reduce the frequency at which the latter operation is carried out.
- a further advantage consists in the reduction of the weight of the plate, which facilitates handling of the plate during introduction and extraction from the mould.
- the unit 1 basically comprises:
- the frame 5 is a single monolithic piece obtained by moulding, for example a frame made of elastomer 13 reinforced by a rigid insert 15 obtained from welded L-shaped sectional elements to improve its capacity for withholding the filtering fabric of the filter 6.
- the shape of the frame 5 is such that the bottom perimetral surface 12 of the monolithic plate 9, made of metal material, does not come into contact with the liquid mix during the pressing operations.
- the frame 5 has been conceived mainly so that it is possible to mount it on and remove it from the plate 9 without this having to be released from the pressing pad 11.
- a method for mounting the frame is described in what follows ( Figure 19 ).
- a clean frame is introduced into, and rested on the bottom of, the compartment of the mould 3, and the filter 6 is inserted within the centring portion 45 of the frame.
- the pressing assembly comprising the pad 11 fixed to the plate 9 and to the collectors 7, 8 is made to drop, until it enters the compartment of the mould 3, slowly and with a low value of pressing pressure.
- the frame 5 is shaped with a projecting profile 14 so that it can penetrate with slight interference into a corresponding lateral slot 43 of the bottom surface of the plate 9 and in such a way that, during this movement, the filter 6, which had been inserted within the frame, will assume on the outside the same profile as that of the frame and will remain thus blocked between the frame 5 and the plate 9.
- this operation is carried out automatically by the press following upon a manual command.
- the projecting profile of the frame has perimetral bevels 16 that have the purpose of facilitating its insertion into the slot 43 of the plate and to facilitating pneumatic expulsion therefrom, as will be described more fully hereinafter.
- the pressure spreads over the entire surface defined by the projection 14 of the frame and is distributed perimetrally both without and within the thickness owing to the surface that has remained free on account of the two bevels 16 that had the function of facilitating insertion of the frame into the plate.
- the frame tends to detach from the plate being, however, withheld by the fact that the entire pressing assembly keeps it in contact with the bottom of the mould.
- a first mesh collector 7 which is obtained from criss-cross weaving of stainless-steel wires and in the assembled configuration is contained precisely within an internal contrast profile 19 of the plate 9.
- a second collector 8 having the shape of a perforated plate, which is comprised between the first bottom collector and the plate 9 and is also contained precisely within the internal contrast profile 19 of the plate 9, said contrast profile 19 being appropriately sized so as to enable centring of the first and second collectors and for accommodating both of them for their entire thicknesses.
- Fixing of the collectors 7 and 8 to the plate 9 is obtained by means of screws 46A, which are readily accessible and are inserted in corresponding holes 20, 21, 22 in such a way that the collectors remain adherent to the plate 9 when it is necessary to replace just the filter, or else in such a way that it is possible to remove the collectors when occasionally it is desired to carry out a more accurate cleaning thereof.
- the second collector 8 is obtained from a sheet of stainless steel having a thickness of 3 mm that is completely perforated, with holes having a diameter of 4.5 mm and a distance between centres of 15 mm.
- this collector in this collector at least 552 active holes 33 are hence present with a total section of passage of 8779 mm 2 and are distributed at 45° with respect to the orthogonal axes of the plate 9.
- the large number of holes 33 present in this collector and their uniform distribution have the function, during the pressing step, of receiving a greater amount of water prior to suction thereof and then of presenting an extensive and distributed passage of air that is to flow through the various elements, namely, the filter, the first and second collectors, and the plate, and then be rapidly expelled through the suction manifolds 23 provided in the pad 11.
- the bottom surface 24 of the monolithic plate 9 is machined to provide the slot 43 and the profile 19 so that it can house the frame, the filter, and the two collectors and form a substantially plane pressing surface 25 without any roughness or discontinuity that during pressing would come into contact with the liquid mix 2.
- a series of channels 32 are moreover provided that cross one another once again diagonally like the holes 33 present on the second collector 8.
- the pitch of these channels distributed over the entire surface is advantageously equal to the distance between centres of the holes 33 of the second collector in such a way that the air/water will flow directly from the holes to the channels.
- the section of passage of these channels 32 has, in the top part, a rounded shape ( Figures 5-6 ) and a sufficient depth so as to guarantee a good rate of flow and not to have regions with sharp corners where material would tend to deposit.
- the connection for the passage of air/water between the top and bottom sides of the plate 9 is obtained in areas corresponding to the top housings 27.
- generally L-shaped through openings 34 are provided that connect the bottom with the top of the plate and directly converging in which are the channels 32 of the bottom face of the plate (for example four channels 32) centred on the diagonals. All the other channels 32 are, instead, delimited in their extension by four perimetral channels 35.
- the perimetral channels 35 are deeper than the diagonal ones 32 and converge in the L-shaped openings 34.
- the channels 35 give out on the outside of the plate via the holes 36 parallel to the surface of the plate and distributed over the four vertical sides of the plate ( Figures 5 and 6 ).
- the holes 36 have the function of sucking in the water and the slurry that gets stuck, during pressing, in the perimetral clearance that may arise between the plate and the compartment of the mould.
- the mix 2 is dosed and poured into the mould 3 in doses having a cylindrical shape that drop from a certain height.
- the mould in vibration, according to a technique in itself well known.
- the vibration is obtained in the best possible way, at the vertices of the diagonals of the compartment of the mould 3 there will always be obtained a greater concentration of the lightest component in the mix, that is water, which reaches more easily the areas that are further away from the point where the mix is dropped.
- the plate 9 according to the invention has been conceived for having a greater suction capacity at the vertices of the diagonals of the mould and perimetrally.
- the openings 34 have sides parallel to the corners of the mould and are set as close as possible to the vertices of the diagonals of the mould.
- the holes 28 of the pressing pad from where the suction pressure arrives have their projection that falls on these openings 34.
- the two channels 37 set on the right and on the left with respect to the diagonals have been prolonged beyond the opening 34 towards the corners of the mould until they find outlet in two holes 38 at the vertex of the second bottom collector 8 ( Figure 12 ).
- the amount of water that we have to draw off from the tile is 0.57 to 0.95 1.
- Within the various collectors and channels present on the plate we have a space for housing approximately 1.07 1. It is thus possible to house in these elements, which are located in the point closest to the extraction point, all the water extracted even before the suction pressure can extract it and carry it out of the plate.
- a further embodiment of a suction plate 90 is described associated to a frame 50 made of a single piece according to the invention, where the same reference numbers as those used for the parts of the plate 9 already described are used for designating the corresponding parts of the plate 90 that perform the same function.
- the frame 50 is constituted by a monolithic internal rigid ring 51, made, for example, of metal, enveloped by an elastomeric coating 53 of small thickness, which is provided at the top with a perimetral projection 52 that emerges from a top contrast surface defined by the internal and external surfaces 58 and 59 of the frame 50, which have the function of withstanding the vertical forces that are generated during the pressing operations.
- the internal edge of the frame 50 is defined by a stretch 60 substantially parallel to the projection 52, which is preferably provided with a wedge-shaped bottom lip 54.
- Figures 22 and 23 show the operating configuration of the plate 90, with the projection 52 of the frame 50 inserted in the corresponding bottom perimetral cavity 56 of the plate 90, and the edge 55 of the filter 6 withheld between the internal stretch 60 of the frame and an opposed surface 61 of the cavity 56 of the plate 90.
- perimetral holes 33a are moreover present, distributed along the sides of the collector 8 for communicating directly with the channels 35 and improving suction from the perimetral pressing area.
- the height H of the projection 52 is slightly smaller than the depth of the cavity 56 in such a way that between the surface 63 of the projection 52 and the internal bottom surface 64 of the cavity 56 there remains a space 65 that defines a chamber communicating with the pneumatic duct 18 of the plate 90 ( Figure 26 ), said duct being provided for pneumatic expulsion of the frame and having already been described previously.
- the compressed air sent during expulsion into the ducts 18 fills the space 65 and determines a uniform thrust on the elastomeric projection 52, which behaves as a piston that is able to slide in the cavity 56.
- the internal stretch 60 of the frame 50 and the opposed surface 61 of the plate 90 are orthogonal with respect to the pressing surface, i.e., parallel to the direction of advance of the plate 90, and are set at a distance by an extent slightly smaller than the thickness of the edge 55 of the filter 6 in order to set the filter 6 in tension at the four sides at the moment of insertion of the projection 52 into the perimetral cavity 56.
- the range of the stroke i.e., of the fluid-tight sliding between the projection 52 and the cavity 56 during expulsion, is greater than the height of the flap or edge 55 of the filter withheld between the surfaces 60 and 61 in such a way that the thrust of pneumatic expulsion is effective at least until complete extraction of the filter 6.
- Figure 24 shows the plate 90 extracted from the mould 3, on the bottom of which the frame 50 has been rested with a filter 6 resting on the contrast surfaces 58 of the frame.
- Figure 25 shows an intermediate step of exit of the projection 52 from the cavity 56, where the edges 55 of the filter 6 are already free from the surfaces 60, 61 of the frame and of the plate, respectively, and the projection 52 is still inserted in a fluid-tight way in the cavity 56.
- Figure 26 shows the pressing operating configuration, in which the plate rests on the surfaces 58, 59 of the frame, the projection 52 is completely inserted into the cavity 56 communicating with the expulsion ducts 18, and the filter 6 defines with the bottom surface 66 of the frame a pressing surface that is substantially smooth and without any irregularities, also thanks to the presence of the perimetral lip 54.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
- Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to a unit for carrying out the steps of pressing and suction of water in processes for production of tiles, in particular single-layer tiles.
- For the above purpose units are known of the type described, for example, in the Italian patent applications Nos.
FI2001A000103 FI2001A 000104 - A further example of equipment for pressing and suction in processes for production of tiles is described in the patent application No.
FI2005U000043 - Known solutions have proven generally satisfactory and have represented a substantial innovation in the production of the single-layer tiles, thanks to the efficiency of the combined action of pressing and suction.
-
DE 10 2007 030 324 A1 discloses an apparatus for presses designed for the production of single-layer tiles starting from a water-based mix contained in a mould defining a pressing area in accordance with the preamble ofclaim 1. - An aspect of known systems that is open to improvement is linked to the relative difficulty in keeping the filtering and suction system clean and to the relatively frequent need to replace the filters used for removal of the excess liquid phase from the mix.
- In the application No.
FI2011A000107 - However, it has been found that the operations of cleaning of the plate and periodic maintenance of the filter may be further improved.
- There is consequently felt the need for an apparatus that will enable easy cleaning of the plate and easy removal and cleaning of the filter.
- The above purposes have been achieved by an apparatus according to one or more of the annexed claims.
- A first advantage lies in the fact that the filters can be replaced without removing the plate from the pad, i.e., maintaining the plate and the pad fixed together, it being possible for them to be released only when it is necessary remove the plate to replace the filter and also to carry out cleaning of the inside of the various collectors, it being thus possible to reduce the frequency at which the latter operation is carried out.
- A further advantage consists in the reduction of the weight of the plate, which facilitates handling of the plate during introduction and extraction from the mould.
- The above and further advantages will be better understood by any person skilled in the branch from the ensuing description and from the annexed drawings, which are provided by way of non-limiting example and in which:
-
Figure 1 shows a front view of a generic press for the production of tiles; -
Figure 2 shows a detail of the lateral pressing region; -
Figure 3 shows an exploded view of a pressing and suction unit according to the invention; -
Figure 4 shows the unit ofFigure 3 in an assembled configuration; -
Figure 5 shows a detail of a first corner area of the unit ofFigure 4 ; -
Figure 6 shows a detail of a second corner area of the unit ofFigure 4 in a region corresponding to the top suction collector; -
Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the path for suction of the liquid through the components of the apparatus; -
Figure 8 is a top plan view of the top monolithic plate of the unit; -
Figure 9 is a view from beneath of the plate ofFigure 8 ; -
Figure 10 shows the detail "C" of the suction corner area of the plate ofFigure 9 ; -
Figure 11 shows a top plan view of a perforated pressing plate according to the invention; -
Figure 11a shows a top plan view of a perforated plate according to the invention in a second embodiment; -
Figure 12 shows the detail "D" of the corner area of the plate ofFigure 11 ; -
Figure 12a shows the detail "D" of the corner area of the plate ofFigure 11a ; -
Figure 13 shows a top plan view of a pressing filter; -
Figure 14 and 15 show, respectively, a top plan view and an enlarged detail "E" of the corner area of a bottom collector in the form of a metal mesh for a suction and pressing unit according to the invention; -
Figures 16 and 17 show, respectively, a top plan view and an enlarged detail of a cross section C-C of a monolithic frame according to the invention; -
Figure 18 shows a detail of the channels for pneumatic expulsion of the frame; -
Figure 19 shows the frame and the filter positioned at the bottom of the mould in a position where they are extracted from the pressing plate; -
Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the suction plate and of the monolithic frame; -
Figure 21 and 21a show, respectively, a top plan view and a view according to the cross section a-a of the frame ofFigure 20 ; -
Figure 22 and 23 show a detail of the plate and of the frame ofFigure 20 ; -
Figure 24 shows the plate and the frame ofFigure 21 in exploded view with respect to a pressing mould with the plate being inserted in the frame with filter; -
Figure 25 shows the frame ofFigure 24 during expulsion from the plate; and -
Figure 26 shows a detail of the channels of the plate for pneumatic expulsion of the frame ofFigure 20 . - With reference to the attached drawings, there now follows a description of a preferred embodiment of a
unit 1 according to the invention for presses P of the type used in the production of single-layer tiles starting from an underlyingaqueous mix 2 contained in apressing mould 3, which is in turn carried by a supportingbase 4. - Starting from the area of contact with the
mix 2, theunit 1 basically comprises: - a
perimetral frame 5 made of a single piece; - a
filter 6 withheld by the frame and set in contact with the mix for enabling suction of the liquid phase from above; - a
first bottom collector 7 in the form of a metal mesh; - a
second collector 8 in the form of a perforated plate in contact with the top face of thefirst collector 7; and - a
monolithic suction plate 9 fixed, preferably viamagnets 10, to a vertically mobilepressing pad 11. - In greater detail, the
frame 5 is a single monolithic piece obtained by moulding, for example a frame made ofelastomer 13 reinforced by arigid insert 15 obtained from welded L-shaped sectional elements to improve its capacity for withholding the filtering fabric of thefilter 6. - The shape of the
frame 5 is such that the bottomperimetral surface 12 of themonolithic plate 9, made of metal material, does not come into contact with the liquid mix during the pressing operations. - Advantageously, with this solution any small parts of the mix are prevented, during the pressing and suction steps, from getting stuck in this area, thus requiring cyclic removal.
- According to the invention, the
frame 5 has been conceived mainly so that it is possible to mount it on and remove it from theplate 9 without this having to be released from thepressing pad 11. By way of example, a method for mounting the frame is described in what follows (Figure 19 ). - A clean frame is introduced into, and rested on the bottom of, the compartment of the
mould 3, and thefilter 6 is inserted within thecentring portion 45 of the frame. Then the pressing assembly comprising thepad 11 fixed to theplate 9 and to thecollectors mould 3, slowly and with a low value of pressing pressure. Theframe 5 is shaped with aprojecting profile 14 so that it can penetrate with slight interference into a correspondinglateral slot 43 of the bottom surface of theplate 9 and in such a way that, during this movement, thefilter 6, which had been inserted within the frame, will assume on the outside the same profile as that of the frame and will remain thus blocked between theframe 5 and theplate 9. Advantageously, this operation is carried out automatically by the press following upon a manual command. - Preferably, the projecting profile of the frame has
perimetral bevels 16 that have the purpose of facilitating its insertion into theslot 43 of the plate and to facilitating pneumatic expulsion therefrom, as will be described more fully hereinafter. - Advantageously, in order to carry out periodic replacement of the
filter 6, when this is clogged, it is not necessary to detach theplate 9 from thepressing pad 11 but it is sufficient to cause the entire pressing assembly to drop into the compartment of themould 3 until it rests on the bottom, where it remains with a low pressing pressure. Inside the pressing pad 11 achannel 17 is in fact present, which terminates with avertical hole 18 within which air under pressure can be introduced (Figure 18 ) .Thishole 18 is set in such a way that its vertical axis corresponds to the centre line of the perimetral interlocking between theprojection 14 of the frame and theslot 43 present underneath theplate 9. By introducing air under pressure into this hole, the pressure spreads over the entire surface defined by theprojection 14 of the frame and is distributed perimetrally both without and within the thickness owing to the surface that has remained free on account of the twobevels 16 that had the function of facilitating insertion of the frame into the plate. In this way, by maintaining the pressure in thevertical hole 18 of the pad, and without having to raise the pressing assembly, the frame tends to detach from the plate being, however, withheld by the fact that the entire pressing assembly keeps it in contact with the bottom of the mould. There is obtained a uniform distribution of the air introduced over the entire surface of the top perimetral planar portion of theprojecting profile 14 in such a way that then, by continuing to maintain the pressure of the air in thehole 18 of the pad and controlling rising of the pressing assembly, there is obtained a uniform expulsion, i.e., an expulsion in a direction parallel to the bottom of the mould, of theframe 5 and of the filter from theplate 6. Advantageously, also this operation of detachment of the frame is carried out automatically by the press. - Provided on top of the
filter 6 is afirst mesh collector 7, which is obtained from criss-cross weaving of stainless-steel wires and in the assembled configuration is contained precisely within aninternal contrast profile 19 of theplate 9. - Provided on top of the
first collector 7 is then asecond collector 8 having the shape of a perforated plate, which is comprised between the first bottom collector and theplate 9 and is also contained precisely within theinternal contrast profile 19 of theplate 9, saidcontrast profile 19 being appropriately sized so as to enable centring of the first and second collectors and for accommodating both of them for their entire thicknesses. - Fixing of the
collectors plate 9 is obtained by means ofscrews 46A, which are readily accessible and are inserted in correspondingholes plate 9 when it is necessary to replace just the filter, or else in such a way that it is possible to remove the collectors when occasionally it is desired to carry out a more accurate cleaning thereof. - Preferably, the
second collector 8 is obtained from a sheet of stainless steel having a thickness of 3 mm that is completely perforated, with holes having a diameter of 4.5 mm and a distance between centres of 15 mm. For example, in the 400x400-mm format, in this collector at least 552active holes 33 are hence present with a total section of passage of 8779 mm2 and are distributed at 45° with respect to the orthogonal axes of theplate 9. - Advantageously, the large number of
holes 33 present in this collector and their uniform distribution have the function, during the pressing step, of receiving a greater amount of water prior to suction thereof and then of presenting an extensive and distributed passage of air that is to flow through the various elements, namely, the filter, the first and second collectors, and the plate, and then be rapidly expelled through the suction manifolds 23 provided in thepad 11. - With reference in particular to
Figures 4 to 9 , thebottom surface 24 of themonolithic plate 9 is machined to provide theslot 43 and theprofile 19 so that it can house the frame, the filter, and the two collectors and form a substantiallyplane pressing surface 25 without any roughness or discontinuity that during pressing would come into contact with theliquid mix 2. Within theslot 43 and theprofile 19 necessary for housing the frame and the two collectors, and more precisely on the surface where thesecond collector 8 rests, a series ofchannels 32 are moreover provided that cross one another once again diagonally like theholes 33 present on thesecond collector 8. The pitch of these channels distributed over the entire surface is advantageously equal to the distance between centres of theholes 33 of the second collector in such a way that the air/water will flow directly from the holes to the channels. The section of passage of thesechannels 32 has, in the top part, a rounded shape (Figures 5-6 ) and a sufficient depth so as to guarantee a good rate of flow and not to have regions with sharp corners where material would tend to deposit. - Present on the
top surface 26 of the plate 9 (Figure 8 ) are: - at the ends of the diagonals four
housings 27 of a generally oval shape, each of which is surrounded by an O-ring; thehousings 27 are reached by the negative pressure from the fourholes 28 present in thepressing pad 11; - a
channel 29 for housing an O-ring to protect themagnets 10 housed in thepad 11; - ducts for introduction of
air 31 with O-rings, for pneumatic extraction of the frame when this is mounted together with the pad; these ducts or holes 31 are moreover useful also when it is desired to remove the frame from the plate manually when the plate has been detached from the pad; -
holes 47 for applying brackets for gripping and removal of the plate when it is resting on the bottom of the mould; and - referencing
holes 46 for the centring pins for centring the pad and the plate with respect to one another. - The connection for the passage of air/water between the top and bottom sides of the
plate 9 is obtained in areas corresponding to thetop housings 27. In these four areas, generally L-shaped throughopenings 34 are provided that connect the bottom with the top of the plate and directly converging in which are thechannels 32 of the bottom face of the plate (for example four channels 32) centred on the diagonals. All theother channels 32 are, instead, delimited in their extension by fourperimetral channels 35. Preferably, theperimetral channels 35 are deeper than thediagonal ones 32 and converge in the L-shapedopenings 34. Finally, thechannels 35 give out on the outside of the plate via theholes 36 parallel to the surface of the plate and distributed over the four vertical sides of the plate (Figures 5 and 6 ). - Advantageously, the
holes 36 have the function of sucking in the water and the slurry that gets stuck, during pressing, in the perimetral clearance that may arise between the plate and the compartment of the mould. - During use of the apparatus, the
mix 2 is dosed and poured into themould 3 in doses having a cylindrical shape that drop from a certain height. To obtain complete levelling of the dose in the compartment of the mould it is possible to set the mould in vibration, according to a technique in itself well known. However, even in the case where the vibration is obtained in the best possible way, at the vertices of the diagonals of the compartment of themould 3 there will always be obtained a greater concentration of the lightest component in the mix, that is water, which reaches more easily the areas that are further away from the point where the mix is dropped. - Advantageously, the
plate 9 according to the invention has been conceived for having a greater suction capacity at the vertices of the diagonals of the mould and perimetrally. - For this purpose, the
openings 34 have sides parallel to the corners of the mould and are set as close as possible to the vertices of the diagonals of the mould. In turn, theholes 28 of the pressing pad from where the suction pressure arrives have their projection that falls on theseopenings 34. The twochannels 37 set on the right and on the left with respect to the diagonals have been prolonged beyond theopening 34 towards the corners of the mould until they find outlet in twoholes 38 at the vertex of the second bottom collector 8 (Figure 12 ). - During use of the apparatus, the operations described in what follows are carried out.
- By way of example, in a 400x400-mm tile having a thickness of 23 mm the amount of water that we have to draw off from the tile is 0.57 to 0.95 1. Within the various collectors and channels present on the plate we have a space for housing approximately 1.07 1. It is thus possible to house in these elements, which are located in the point closest to the extraction point, all the water extracted even before the suction pressure can extract it and carry it out of the plate.
- With reference to
Figures 20-25 , a further embodiment of asuction plate 90 is described associated to aframe 50 made of a single piece according to the invention, where the same reference numbers as those used for the parts of theplate 9 already described are used for designating the corresponding parts of theplate 90 that perform the same function. - With particular reference to
Figure 21 , theframe 50 is constituted by a monolithic internalrigid ring 51, made, for example, of metal, enveloped by anelastomeric coating 53 of small thickness, which is provided at the top with aperimetral projection 52 that emerges from a top contrast surface defined by the internal andexternal surfaces frame 50, which have the function of withstanding the vertical forces that are generated during the pressing operations. - The internal edge of the
frame 50 is defined by astretch 60 substantially parallel to theprojection 52, which is preferably provided with a wedge-shapedbottom lip 54. -
Figures 22 and 23 show the operating configuration of theplate 90, with theprojection 52 of theframe 50 inserted in the correspondingbottom perimetral cavity 56 of theplate 90, and theedge 55 of thefilter 6 withheld between theinternal stretch 60 of the frame and anopposed surface 61 of thecavity 56 of theplate 90. - In this embodiment,
perimetral holes 33a are moreover present, distributed along the sides of thecollector 8 for communicating directly with thechannels 35 and improving suction from the perimetral pressing area. - Preferably, the height H of the
projection 52 is slightly smaller than the depth of thecavity 56 in such a way that between thesurface 63 of theprojection 52 and theinternal bottom surface 64 of thecavity 56 there remains aspace 65 that defines a chamber communicating with thepneumatic duct 18 of the plate 90 (Figure 26 ), said duct being provided for pneumatic expulsion of the frame and having already been described previously. - Advantageously, with this solution, the compressed air sent during expulsion into the
ducts 18 fills thespace 65 and determines a uniform thrust on theelastomeric projection 52, which behaves as a piston that is able to slide in thecavity 56. - Furthermore, in the configuration of use, the
internal stretch 60 of theframe 50 and theopposed surface 61 of theplate 90 are orthogonal with respect to the pressing surface, i.e., parallel to the direction of advance of theplate 90, and are set at a distance by an extent slightly smaller than the thickness of theedge 55 of thefilter 6 in order to set thefilter 6 in tension at the four sides at the moment of insertion of theprojection 52 into theperimetral cavity 56. - Furthermore, the range of the stroke, i.e., of the fluid-tight sliding between the
projection 52 and thecavity 56 during expulsion, is greater than the height of the flap or edge 55 of the filter withheld between thesurfaces filter 6. -
Figure 24 shows theplate 90 extracted from themould 3, on the bottom of which theframe 50 has been rested with afilter 6 resting on the contrast surfaces 58 of the frame. -
Figure 25 shows an intermediate step of exit of theprojection 52 from thecavity 56, where theedges 55 of thefilter 6 are already free from thesurfaces projection 52 is still inserted in a fluid-tight way in thecavity 56. - Finally,
Figure 26 shows the pressing operating configuration, in which the plate rests on thesurfaces projection 52 is completely inserted into thecavity 56 communicating with theexpulsion ducts 18, and thefilter 6 defines with thebottom surface 66 of the frame a pressing surface that is substantially smooth and without any irregularities, also thanks to the presence of theperimetral lip 54.
Claims (15)
- An apparatus (1) for presses (P) designed for the production of single-layer tiles starting from a water-based mix (2) contained in a mould (3) defining a pressing area, said apparatus comprising:a monolithic plate (9) provided at the top with ducts (27) in fluid communication with a pneumatic suction system and a system for pressing from above , and a bottom surface (24) provided with channels (32, 34, 35) distributed over the pressing area and communicating with said ducts (27);a first plate collector (8), which is provided with a plurality of through holes (33) distributed over the pressing area, and can be set superimposed on, and in fluid communication with, the channels of the bottom face of the plate (9);a second mesh collector (7) which can be superimposed on said first collector (8);a filter (6) applied to the bottom face of said collector (7); anda perimetral frame (5) made of a single piece and connected to said plate for withholding said filter applied underneath said second collector (7),characterized in that it comprises means for pneumatic expulsion of said frame from said plate.
- The apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that said frame is a single-piece frame reinforced with internal inserts.
- The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said frame (5) and said filter (6) in said pressing area form a substantially continuous pressing surface without any metal part in contact with the mix.
- The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said frame (5) is fixed to said plate by means of forced fitting of a projecting profile (14, 52) in a corresponding slot (43, 56) of the plate.
- The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said frame is a single-piece frame comprising a monolithic internal rigid ring (51) coated with an elastomeric coating (53) having an internal surface (60) perpendicular to the pressing area and opposed, in the operating configuration, to an opposed surface (61) of the plate (90), wherein said internal surface (60) of the frame (50) and said opposed surface (61) of the plate are set at a distance less than the thickness of the filter (6) in order to be able to withhold by mechanical interference the four lateral edges (55) of the filter and to enable uniform tensioning thereof.
- The apparatus according to Claim 5, wherein said projecting profile is a projection made of elastomer (52) that is able to slide in a fluid-tight way in a slot (56) of the plate (90) and has a slightly smaller height in order to define in the expulsion configuration a free space (65) communicating with said pneumatic-expulsion means.
- The apparatus according to Claim 5, wherein said frame (50) comprises a top contrast surface defined by internal and external surfaces (58 , 59) of the frame (50) that have the function of withstanding the vertical forces that are generated during the pressing operations.
- The apparatus according to Claim 5, wherein the extent of fluid-tight sliding between the projection (52) and the cavity (56) during expulsion is greater than the height of the flap or edge (55) of the filter withheld between said internal surface (60) and said opposed surface (61) in such a way that the thrust of pneumatic expulsion is effective at least until complete extraction of the filter (6) from the plate (90).
- The apparatus according to any one of Claims 5-8, wherein said expulsion means comprise a channel (17) of the pad (11) that terminates with a vertical hole (18) into which air under pressure can be introduced, said hole (18) being set in such a way that its vertical axis corresponds to the centre line of the perimetral interlocking between the projection (14, 52) of the frame and the slot (43, 56).
- The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said bottom surface (24) of the monolithic plate (9) has a quadrangular shape and is provided at the corners with openings (34) into which a plurality of channels (32) distributed along the diagonals of the plate converge, and is moreover provided with perimetral channels (35).
- The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said first plate collector presents an array of holes with a distance between centres equal to the distance between centres of corresponding parallel channels (32) of the bottom surface (24) of the monolithic plate (9).
- The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said monolithic plate (9) comprises ducts (36) in fluid communication with the pneumatic suction system and with the outer sides of the plate in order to drain any possible infiltration of liquid between the plate and the mould.
- The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said bottom surface (24) of the monolithic plate (9) is provided at the corners with channels (37) set on the right and on the left with respect to the diagonals, said channels (37) being prolonged beyond said opening (34) until they find an outlet in corresponding holes (38) set at the vertices of the second bottom collector (8).
- The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising automatic means for insertion and/or expulsion of the frame (5) and of the filter (6) into/from the plate (9).
- The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said perforated plate collector (8) is provided with perimetral holes (33a) set in a region corresponding to, and directly communicating with, perimetral channels (34, 35) of the plate.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT000034A ITFI20130034A1 (en) | 2013-02-21 | 2013-02-21 | APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SINGLE-LAYED TILES |
PCT/IB2014/000187 WO2014128550A1 (en) | 2013-02-21 | 2014-02-21 | Apparatus for the production of single-layer tiles |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2958720A1 EP2958720A1 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
EP2958720B1 true EP2958720B1 (en) | 2018-09-19 |
Family
ID=48096003
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14715987.5A Not-in-force EP2958720B1 (en) | 2013-02-21 | 2014-02-21 | Apparatus for the production of single-layer tiles |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2958720B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2700236T3 (en) |
IT (1) | ITFI20130034A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014128550A1 (en) |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1262296A2 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2002-12-04 | Longinotti Meccanica S.r.l. | Filtration structure for the pad of a press for producing single-layer cement tiles with filtration surfaces and apparatus for replacing such filtration surfaces |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT1294828B1 (en) * | 1997-07-24 | 1999-04-15 | Longinotti Meccanica S R L | EQUIPMENT TO PRODUCE THIN TILES OF CEMENTITIOUS MIXTURE |
ITFI20010103A1 (en) | 2001-06-01 | 2002-12-01 | Longinotti Meccanica S R L | METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SINGLE-LAYER TILES |
ITFI20050043U1 (en) | 2005-05-30 | 2006-11-30 | Longinotti Meccanica S R L | PLATE FOR PRESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TILES AND PRESSING UNIT PROVIDED WITH THIS PLAQUE |
ITMI20061262A1 (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2007-12-30 | O C E M Officina Costruzioni Elettro-Meccaniche | TILE PRODUCTION DEVICE |
ITFI20110107A1 (en) | 2011-05-24 | 2012-11-25 | Longinotti Group S R L | TILE PRODUCTION SYSTEM. |
-
2013
- 2013-02-21 IT IT000034A patent/ITFI20130034A1/en unknown
-
2014
- 2014-02-21 WO PCT/IB2014/000187 patent/WO2014128550A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-02-21 ES ES14715987T patent/ES2700236T3/en active Active
- 2014-02-21 EP EP14715987.5A patent/EP2958720B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1262296A2 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2002-12-04 | Longinotti Meccanica S.r.l. | Filtration structure for the pad of a press for producing single-layer cement tiles with filtration surfaces and apparatus for replacing such filtration surfaces |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2014128550A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
ES2700236T3 (en) | 2019-02-14 |
EP2958720A1 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
ITFI20130034A1 (en) | 2014-08-22 |
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