EP2956943B1 - Glassfiber-basket and process for the combustion of waste - Google Patents

Glassfiber-basket and process for the combustion of waste Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2956943B1
EP2956943B1 EP14704161.0A EP14704161A EP2956943B1 EP 2956943 B1 EP2956943 B1 EP 2956943B1 EP 14704161 A EP14704161 A EP 14704161A EP 2956943 B1 EP2956943 B1 EP 2956943B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waste
basket
envelope
glass fibre
metal structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14704161.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2956943A1 (en
Inventor
Roger Boen
Patrice Charvin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Orano Demantelement SAS
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Orano Cycle SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2956943A1 publication Critical patent/EP2956943A1/en
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04—Treating liquids
    • G21F9/06—Processing
    • G21F9/14—Processing by incineration; by calcination, e.g. desiccation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/38—Baskets or like containers of skeleton or apertured construction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D13/00—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of the same material, other than metal, plastics, wood, or substitutes therefor
    • B65D13/02—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of the same material, other than metal, plastics, wood, or substitutes therefor of glass, pottery, or other ceramic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/448—Waste feed arrangements in which the waste is fed in containers or the like
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
    • G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
    • G21F1/06—Ceramics; Glasses; Refractories
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/005—Containers for solid radioactive wastes, e.g. for ultimate disposal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/30—Processing
    • G21F9/32—Processing by incineration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/303—Burning pyrogases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/304—Burning pyrosolids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/40—Stationary bed furnace

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the melting and incineration in a furnace of more or less toxic, metallic, organic and inorganic materials and waste such as oxides, glasses, phosphates and metals.
  • the metal container containing the waste can be used as a shuttle for introducing the waste into the oven. In this case, it can be cut gradually in the oven, to limit the rate of combustion, but can not be recycled and represents a significant part of the final waste.
  • the cutting system for example using a plasma torch, placed in the oven is also complex and expensive.
  • An alternative is to place the waste package in a carton that serves as a shuttle. This solution limits the risks in the airlock, but does not solve the problem of the burning speed of the waste package, as soon as the cardboard has burned.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to avoid the aforementioned drawbacks relating to the solutions presented above by presenting another method and another device for introducing waste into the furnace.
  • a first main object of the invention is a basket for supporting waste to be introduced and incinerated in an incinerator.
  • this basket consists, inter alia, of a fiberglass envelope. Ashes from combustion can be melted in the oven, in a bath of molten glass. In this case, the basket consisting in particular of the fiberglass envelope containing the ashes or residues from the waste combustion will be dissolved in the glass bath.
  • the first embodiments use a light metal structure to stiffen the basket.
  • this metal structure is made by a grid.
  • said metal light structure is external and an inner envelope made of glass fibers is placed inside the light metal structure.
  • a second embodiment provides that it is the envelope made of glass fibers which is external and the internal light metal structure and therefore placed inside the fiberglass envelope.
  • the glass fibers constituting the envelope are woven, the weaving having a mesh size defining a porosity adapted to the type of waste, in order to thermochemically control the pyrolysis rate of this waste.
  • the light metal structure is made of wire mesh whose son are integrated in the weaving of the fibers, thus forming a single envelope.
  • a second main object of the invention is a vitrification process of waste in a waste vitrification incinerator.
  • the fiberglass basket containing the residues of the waste combustion is dissolved in the glass bath.
  • the concept according to the invention consists in placing the bag of waste to be incinerated in a basket consisting for the most part of non-woven or woven fiberglass, more or less tightly.
  • the tightening of the glass fiber (s) makes it possible to manage the contact between the contained waste and the hot and oxidizing atmosphere inside the incinerator, the weaving allowing for more or less significant heat and gas exchange.
  • the basket is preferably stiffened by a light metal structure.
  • non-combustible fiberglass with a high melting point enables the mechanical transfer of the waste bag from the airlock introducing waste into the incineration zone, avoiding any loss of contents of the basket during the transfer.
  • the contents of the basket namely waste, gradually heat up.
  • This rise in temperature leads to the pyrolysis of organic matter.
  • the pyrolysis gases escape from the basket to burn in the oxidizing atmosphere of the furnace.
  • the choice of the fiberglass envelope constituting, inter alia, the basket, its porosity and weaving more or less tight slows thermal transfers to the inside of the basket and gas transfers to the outside.
  • the mesh size of the weave is adapted to the type of waste. This makes it possible to manage the rate of pyrolysis and combustion of the waste contained in the basket. This minimizes the size of the gas puffs generated by the sequential introduction of whole bags of waste into the incinerator.
  • the porosity of the fiberglass envelope constituting the basket also makes it possible to minimize ash discharges and non-volatile toxic elements in the gases prevailing inside the incinerator. This porosity can therefore be adapted to the size of the solid toxic particles that must not be entrained in the gases.
  • the envelope 10 consisting of fiberglass is placed inside the light metal structure 12.
  • the latter is welded to the base of the basket which is advantageously constituted by a 18
  • the grill advantageously constituting the light metal structure 12 is preferably cylindrical and is welded, in its upper part on a metal tube 16 for stiffening.
  • the dripping pan 18 forming the base of the basket is intended to collect any drops of metal, or other melted materials, if the waste contains this type of low melting point material, which could melt prematurely in the airlock for example (in another type of embodiment the broiler pan could be made of tightly woven glass fibers so as to be virtually liquid-tight).
  • the entire basket is completed by a gripping handle 14 fixed in this embodiment on and above the metal tube 16.
  • the inner diameter of the fiberglass shell 10 is about 500 mm and is about 750 mm high.
  • the weight of the casing is of the order of 1 kg for a fiberglass woven at 45 ° and weight per unit area equal to 600 g / m 2 .
  • the broiler pan 18 is preferably made of stainless steel and of a thickness of the order of a millimeter.
  • the mesh constituting the light metal structure 12 is a stainless steel wire with a diameter of between 2 and 5 mm.
  • the external dimensions important for the handling of the basket in the airlock and in the incineration zone are fixed by the light metal structure 12 used.
  • the second embodiment according to the proposed invention uses a fiberglass shell 20 placed outside the metal light structure 22.
  • the latter also consists of a cylindrical wire mesh welded at the top to a metal tube 26 which is surmounted by a gripping handle 24.
  • the base of the assembly is constituted, preferably by a dripping pan 28 which can be placed inside the casing 20 fiberglass. In this embodiment, filling the basket with waste is facilitated.
  • the wires of the mesh constituting the light metallic structure 52 are integrated into the fiberglass weave constituting the envelope 50.
  • the broil pan 58 can then be placed inside or outside the envelope 50 made of fiberglass. glass.
  • the glass fibers constituting the envelope pass alternately on both sides of the wire mesh constituting the light metal structure 52. This difficult to achieve version brings, however, the advantages of the two previously described embodiments.
  • the basket comprises two layers of glass fiber 30A and 30B placed one inside the other.
  • the outer layer 30A has the primary function of filtering the pyrolysis gases vis-à-vis the dust.
  • the inner layer 30B has the primary function of containing the waste with the appropriate strength properties. It is reported that the function or position of the two layers can also be reversed.
  • These two layers 30A and 30B are preferably separated.
  • the light metal structure 32 is then placed between these two layers 30A and 30B. Fixing these three elements 30A, 30B and 32 relative to each other can be done by sewing with glass fibers or wire.
  • the incineration process according to the invention therefore uses the basket mentioned above to incinerate waste inside an incinerator for a period greater than pyrolysis and combustion of waste without a basket of at least fifteen minutes ( incineration time multiplied by three or ten depending on the basket).
  • the waste is thus placed above a bath of molten glass surmounted by a combustion zone under an oxygen atmosphere diluted in argon and heated by an arc plasma transferred between two electrodes.
  • the time noted 16:45 the duration of the pyrolysis and combustion is then very short, that is to say say of the order of 3 minutes and the oxygen supply is insufficient to ensure complete combustion of the puff of pyrolysis gas. Indeed, it remains a carbon monoxide content of about 3 to 4% in the reactor outlet gas.
  • the waste is kept suspended above a bath of molten glass time noted 15:42. Its burning time is increased to 17 minutes until time noted 15:59. This makes it possible to obtain complete combustion without the presence of carbon monoxide in the outlet gases of the reactor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

L'invention concerne la fusion et l'incinération dans un four de matériaux et déchets plus ou moins toxiques, métalliques, organiques et minéraux tels que les oxydes, les verres, les phosphates et les métaux.The invention relates to the melting and incineration in a furnace of more or less toxic, metallic, organic and inorganic materials and waste such as oxides, glasses, phosphates and metals.

Art antérieur et problème poséPrior art and problem

Actuellement, plusieurs méthodes sont mises en oeuvre pour incinérer et/ou vitrifier des mélanges de déchets métalliques, organiques et minéraux dans un four à alimentation continue. Les déchets sont broyés en premier lieu, et amenés en continu dans le four. Cette solution présente l'avantage du fonctionnement en continu de l'incinérateur et permet de minimiser le dimensionnement du four et du traitement des gaz. Toutefois, cette solution nécessite un broyage préalable des déchets qui peut être difficile à mettre en oeuvre.Currently, several methods are used to incinerate and / or vitrify metal, organic and mineral waste mixtures in a continuous feed oven. The waste is ground in the first place and fed continuously into the oven. This solution has the advantage of continuous operation of the incinerator and allows to minimize the design of the furnace and the gas treatment. However, this solution requires a preliminary grinding of the waste which can be difficult to implement.

Une deuxième solution consiste à introduire les déchets non broyés par paquets, par l'intermédiaire d'un sas séparant l'atmosphère intérieure du four de l'atmosphère extérieure. Cette deuxième solution évite donc le broyage mais présente de nombreux risques et problèmes, à savoir :

  1. 1) une manipulation difficile des paquets de déchets dans le sas d'introduction avec un risque de fusion ou d'écoulement des matières organiques dans le sas, suite à la montée en température, lors de l'ouverture de la porte du sas, du côté du four ;
  2. 2) un risque d'inflammation des matières organiques dans le sas et de surchauffe de ce sas et de ses systèmes de fermeture ;
  3. 3) un risque de combustion très rapide du paquet de déchets introduit, lors de son introduction dans le four. Ceci nécessite un surdimensionnement de l'alimentation en gaz comburant et de l'installation de traitement des gaz ;
  4. 4) un risque d'entraînement mécanique de cendres volantes et d'éléments toxiques, lors de la combustion rapide du paquet de déchets.
A second solution is to introduce the unmilled waste packets, through an airlock separating the indoor atmosphere of the oven from the outside atmosphere. This second solution therefore avoids grinding but has many risks and problems, namely:
  1. 1) a difficult handling of the waste packages in the introduction lock with a risk of merging or flow of organic matter in the airlock, following the rise in temperature, when opening the door of the airlock, the oven side;
  2. 2) a risk of ignition of organic matter in the airlock and overheating of this airlock and its closure systems;
  3. 3) a risk of very rapid combustion of the waste package introduced, when introduced into the oven. This requires an oversizing of the combustion gas supply and the gas treatment plant;
  4. 4) a risk of mechanical entrainment of fly ash and toxic elements during the rapid combustion of the waste package.

Dans l'état actuel de la technique, le conteneur métallique contenant les déchets peut être utilisé comme navette pour l'introduction des déchets dans le four. Dans ce cas, il peut être découpé progressivement dans le four, pour limiter la vitesse de combustion, mais ne peut plus être recyclé et représente une part non négligeable des déchets finaux.In the current state of the art, the metal container containing the waste can be used as a shuttle for introducing the waste into the oven. In this case, it can be cut gradually in the oven, to limit the rate of combustion, but can not be recycled and represents a significant part of the final waste.

Le système de découpe, utilisant par exemple une torche à plasma, placé dans le four est aussi complexe et coûteux. Une alternative consiste à placer le paquet de déchets dans un carton qui sert de navette. Cette solution limite les risques dans le sas, mais ne règle pas le problème de la vitesse de combustion du paquet de déchets, dès que le carton a brûlé.The cutting system, for example using a plasma torch, placed in the oven is also complex and expensive. An alternative is to place the waste package in a carton that serves as a shuttle. This solution limits the risks in the airlock, but does not solve the problem of the burning speed of the waste package, as soon as the cardboard has burned.

Le but de l'invention est donc d'éviter les inconvénients précités relatifs aux solutions présentées ci-dessus en présentant un autre procédé et un autre dispositif d'introduction des déchets dans le four.The object of the invention is therefore to avoid the aforementioned drawbacks relating to the solutions presented above by presenting another method and another device for introducing waste into the furnace.

D'autre part, avec la demande de brevet français FR 2 293 769 , on connaît une installation destinée à une presse à conditionner des déchets radioactifs dans laquelle un récipient est brûlé avec son contenu qui comprend, entre autres, de la fibre de verre.On the other hand, with the French patent application FR 2,293,769 there is known an installation for a press to condition radioactive waste in which a container is burned with its contents which includes, inter alia, fiberglass.

Exposé de l'inventionPresentation of the invention

Un premier objet principal de l'invention est un panier destiné à supporter des déchets à introduire et incinérer dans un incinérateur.A first main object of the invention is a basket for supporting waste to be introduced and incinerated in an incinerator.

Selon l'invention, ce panier est constitué, entre autres, d'une enveloppe en fibres de verre. Les cendres provenant de la combustion peuvent être fondues dans le four, au sein d'un bain de verre fondu. Dans ce cas, le panier constitué notamment de l'enveloppe en fibre de verre contenant les cendres ou résidus de la combustion des déchets sera dissout dans le bain de verre.According to the invention, this basket consists, inter alia, of a fiberglass envelope. Ashes from combustion can be melted in the oven, in a bath of molten glass. In this case, the basket consisting in particular of the fiberglass envelope containing the ashes or residues from the waste combustion will be dissolved in the glass bath.

Les premières réalisations utilisent une structure légère métallique pour rigidifier le panier. De préférence, cette structure métallique est réalisée par un grillage.The first embodiments use a light metal structure to stiffen the basket. Preferably, this metal structure is made by a grid.

Selon une première réalisation, ladite structure légère métallique est externe et une enveloppe interne constituée de fibres de verre est placée à l'intérieur de la structure légère métallique.According to a first embodiment, said metal light structure is external and an inner envelope made of glass fibers is placed inside the light metal structure.

Une deuxième réalisation prévoit que ce soit l'enveloppe constituée de fibres de verre qui soit externe et que la structure légère métallique interne et donc placée à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe en fibres de verre.A second embodiment provides that it is the envelope made of glass fibers which is external and the internal light metal structure and therefore placed inside the fiberglass envelope.

Il est prévu également que les fibres de verre constituant l'enveloppe soient tissées, le tissage ayant une taille de maille définissant une porosité adaptée au type de déchets, en vue de contrôler de façon thermochimique la vitesse de pyrolyse de ces déchets.It is also expected that the glass fibers constituting the envelope are woven, the weaving having a mesh size defining a porosity adapted to the type of waste, in order to thermochemically control the pyrolysis rate of this waste.

Dans ce cas, on peut envisager que la structure légère métallique soit constituée de grillage dont les fils sont intégrées au tissage des fibres, formant ainsi une seule et même enveloppe.In this case, it can be envisaged that the light metal structure is made of wire mesh whose son are integrated in the weaving of the fibers, thus forming a single envelope.

Un deuxième objet principal de l'invention est un procédé de vitrification de déchets dans un incinérateur de vitrification de déchets.A second main object of the invention is a vitrification process of waste in a waste vitrification incinerator.

Selon l'invention, il comprend au moins les deux phases consistant à :

  • placer les déchets à incinérer dans un panier en fibre de verre tel que défini précédemment pour y être maintenus dans une atmosphère gazeuse, au-dessus d'un bain de verre fondu ; et
  • effectuer une pyrolyse et une combustion durant une durée supérieure à une pyrolyse et une combustion de déchets sans panier (la durée d'incinération est multipliée par trois voire dix suivant le panier), permettant ainsi d'obtenir une combustion complète sans présence de monoxyde de carbone dans les gaz de sortie de l'incinérateur.
According to the invention, it comprises at least the two phases consisting of:
  • placing the waste to be incinerated in a fiberglass basket as defined above to be kept in a gaseous atmosphere, above a bath of molten glass; and
  • perform pyrolysis and combustion for a period greater than pyrolysis and combustion of waste without a basket (the incineration time is multiplied by three or even ten depending on the basket), thus allowing to obtain a complete combustion without the presence of carbon monoxide carbon in the exit gases from the incinerator.

De façon préférentielle, après la combustion complète des déchets, le panier en fibre de verre contenant les résidus de la combustion des déchets est dissout dans le bain de verre.Preferably, after complete combustion of the waste, the fiberglass basket containing the residues of the waste combustion is dissolved in the glass bath.

Liste des figuresList of Figures

L'invention et ses différentes caractéristiques techniques seront mieux comprises à la lecture de la description qui est accompagnée de plusieurs figures représentant respectivement :

  • figure 1, en coupe, une première réalisation du panier selon l'invention ;
  • figure 2, en coupe, une deuxième réalisation du panier selon l'invention ;
  • figure 3, en coupe, une troisième réalisation du panier selon l'invention ;
  • figure 4, un graphique explicitant le fonctionnement du procédé selon l'invention ; et
  • figure 5, en coupe, une quatrième réalisation du panier selon l'invention.
The invention and its various technical features will be better understood on reading the description which is accompanied by several figures respectively representing:
  • figure 1 , in section, a first embodiment of the basket according to the invention;
  • figure 2 , in section, a second embodiment of the basket according to the invention;
  • figure 3 , in section, a third embodiment of the basket according to the invention;
  • figure 4 a graph explaining the operation of the method according to the invention; and
  • figure 5 , in section, a fourth embodiment of the basket according to the invention.

Description détaillée de plusieurs réalisations de l'inventionDetailed description of several embodiments of the invention

Le concept selon l'invention consiste à placer le sac de déchets à incinérer dans un panier constitué en grande partie de fibre de verre non tissée ou tissée, de façon plus ou moins serrée. Le serrage de la ou des fibres de verre permet de gérer le contact entre les déchets contenus et l'atmosphère chaude et oxydante à l'intérieur de l'incinérateur, le tissage permettant des échanges thermiques et gazeux plus ou moins importants. Le panier est, de préférence, rigidifié par une structure légère métallique.The concept according to the invention consists in placing the bag of waste to be incinerated in a basket consisting for the most part of non-woven or woven fiberglass, more or less tightly. The tightening of the glass fiber (s) makes it possible to manage the contact between the contained waste and the hot and oxidizing atmosphere inside the incinerator, the weaving allowing for more or less significant heat and gas exchange. The basket is preferably stiffened by a light metal structure.

L'utilisation de la fibre de verre non combustible et ayant un point de fusion élevé permet le transfert mécanique du sac de déchets à partir du sas d'introduction des déchets vers la zone d'incinération, en évitant toute perte de contenu du panier lors du transfert.The use of non-combustible fiberglass with a high melting point enables the mechanical transfer of the waste bag from the airlock introducing waste into the incineration zone, avoiding any loss of contents of the basket during the transfer.

Le principe de l'utilisation de la fibre de verre pour la réalisation du panier est que cette fibre de verre entoure le paquet de déchets et retarde ainsi sa montée en température. Cela évite une fusion et/ou une pyrolyse des déchets organiques trop rapides, notamment pendant le transfert du sas d'introduction vers l'incinérateur.The principle of the use of fiberglass for the realization of the basket is that this glass fiber surrounds the waste package and thus delays its rise in temperature. This avoids a melting and / or pyrolysis of organic waste too fast, especially during the transfer of the airlock to the incinerator.

Dans le four - ou l'incinérateur -, le contenu du panier, à savoir des déchets, chauffe progressivement. Cette montée en température conduit à la pyrolyse des matières organiques. Les gaz de pyrolyse s'échappent du panier pour brûler dans l'atmosphère oxydante du four. Le choix de l'enveloppe en fibre de verre constituant, entre autres, le panier, de sa porosité et de son tissage plus ou moins serré permet de ralentir les transferts thermiques vers l'intérieur du panier et les transferts gazeux vers l'extérieur. Ainsi, on adapte la taille des mailles du tissage au type de déchets. Ceci permet donc de gérer la vitesse de pyrolyse et de combustion des déchets contenus dans le panier. On minimise ainsi la dimension des bouffées de gaz générées par l'introduction séquentielle de sacs entiers de déchets dans l'incinérateur.In the oven - or the incinerator - the contents of the basket, namely waste, gradually heat up. This rise in temperature leads to the pyrolysis of organic matter. The pyrolysis gases escape from the basket to burn in the oxidizing atmosphere of the furnace. The choice of the fiberglass envelope constituting, inter alia, the basket, its porosity and weaving more or less tight slows thermal transfers to the inside of the basket and gas transfers to the outside. Thus, the mesh size of the weave is adapted to the type of waste. This makes it possible to manage the rate of pyrolysis and combustion of the waste contained in the basket. This minimizes the size of the gas puffs generated by the sequential introduction of whole bags of waste into the incinerator.

De plus, la porosité de l'enveloppe en fibre de verre constituant le panier, avec un tissage plus ou moins serré, permet également de minimiser les départs de cendres et des éléments toxiques non volatils dans les gaz régnant à l'intérieur de l'incinérateur. Cette porosité peut donc être adaptée à la dimension des particules toxiques solides qui ne doivent pas être entraînées dans les gaz.In addition, the porosity of the fiberglass envelope constituting the basket, with a more or less tight weave, also makes it possible to minimize ash discharges and non-volatile toxic elements in the gases prevailing inside the incinerator. This porosity can therefore be adapted to the size of the solid toxic particles that must not be entrained in the gases.

En référence à la figure 1, selon une première réalisation du panier selon l'invention, l'enveloppe 10 constituée de fibre de verre est placée à l'intérieur de la structure métallique légère 12. Cette dernière est soudée à la base du panier qui est avantageusement constitué d'une lèchefrite 18 placée en dessous de l'enveloppe 10. Le grillage constituant avantageusement la structure légère métallique 12 est, de préférence, cylindrique et est soudé, dans sa partie haute sur un tube métallique 16 destiné à le rigidifier. La lèchefrite 18 constituant la base du panier a pour but de recueillir les éventuelles gouttes de métal, ou d'autres matériaux fondus, si le déchet contient ce type de matériau à bas point de fusion, qui pourrait fondre prématurément dans le sas d'introduction, par exemple (dans un autre type de réalisation la lèchefrite pourrait être fabriquée en fibres de verre tissées très serrées de façon à être quasiment étanche aux liquides). L'ensemble du panier se complète d'une anse de préhension 14 fixée, dans cette réalisation sur et au-dessus du tube métallique 16.With reference to the figure 1 according to a first embodiment of the basket according to the invention, the envelope 10 consisting of fiberglass is placed inside the light metal structure 12. The latter is welded to the base of the basket which is advantageously constituted by a 18 The grill advantageously constituting the light metal structure 12 is preferably cylindrical and is welded, in its upper part on a metal tube 16 for stiffening. The dripping pan 18 forming the base of the basket is intended to collect any drops of metal, or other melted materials, if the waste contains this type of low melting point material, which could melt prematurely in the airlock for example (in another type of embodiment the broiler pan could be made of tightly woven glass fibers so as to be virtually liquid-tight). The entire basket is completed by a gripping handle 14 fixed in this embodiment on and above the metal tube 16.

Un exemple de cette réalisation prévoit que le diamètre intérieur de l'enveloppe 10 en fibre de verre soit égal à environ 500 mm et qu'il soit d'une hauteur d'environ 750 mm. Dans ce cas, le poids de l'enveloppe est de l'ordre de 1 kg pour une fibre de verre tissée à 45° et de masse surfacique égale à 600 g/m2. La lèchefrite 18 est réalisée, de préférence, en acier inoxydable et d'une épaisseur de l'ordre du millimètre. Le grillage constituant la structure légère métallique 12 est un fil d'acier inoxydable de diamètre compris entre 2 et 5 mm.An example of this embodiment provides that the inner diameter of the fiberglass shell 10 is about 500 mm and is about 750 mm high. In this case, the weight of the casing is of the order of 1 kg for a fiberglass woven at 45 ° and weight per unit area equal to 600 g / m 2 . The broiler pan 18 is preferably made of stainless steel and of a thickness of the order of a millimeter. The mesh constituting the light metal structure 12 is a stainless steel wire with a diameter of between 2 and 5 mm.

Dans cette première réalisation, les dimensions extérieures importantes pour les manipulations du panier dans le sas et dans la zone d'incinération sont fixées par la structure légère métallique 12 utilisée.In this first embodiment, the external dimensions important for the handling of the basket in the airlock and in the incineration zone are fixed by the light metal structure 12 used.

En référence à la figure 2, la deuxième réalisation selon l'invention proposée utilise une enveloppe 20 en fibre de verre placée à l'extérieur de la structure légère métallique 22. Cette dernière est également constituée d'un grillage cylindrique soudé en partie haute à un tube métallique 26 qui est surmonté d'une anse de préhension 24. La base de l'ensemble est constituée, de préférence par une lèchefrite 28 qui peut être placée à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe 20 en fibre de verre. Dans cette réalisation, le remplissage du panier en déchets est facilité.With reference to the figure 2 the second embodiment according to the proposed invention uses a fiberglass shell 20 placed outside the metal light structure 22. The latter also consists of a cylindrical wire mesh welded at the top to a metal tube 26 which is surmounted by a gripping handle 24. The base of the assembly is constituted, preferably by a dripping pan 28 which can be placed inside the casing 20 fiberglass. In this embodiment, filling the basket with waste is facilitated.

En référence à la figure 5, les fils du grillage constituant la structure légère métallique 52 sont intégrés dans le tissage de fibre de verre constituant l'enveloppe 50. La lèchefrite 58 peut alors être placée à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur de l'enveloppe 50 en fibre de verre. Dans la réalisation représentée, les fibres de verre constituant l'enveloppe passent alternativement de part et d'autre des fils du grillage constituant la structure légère métallique 52. Cette version difficile à réaliser apporte, toutefois, les avantages des deux réalisations précédemment décrites.With reference to the figure 5 , the wires of the mesh constituting the light metallic structure 52 are integrated into the fiberglass weave constituting the envelope 50. The broil pan 58 can then be placed inside or outside the envelope 50 made of fiberglass. glass. In the embodiment shown, the glass fibers constituting the envelope pass alternately on both sides of the wire mesh constituting the light metal structure 52. This difficult to achieve version brings, however, the advantages of the two previously described embodiments.

En référence à la figure 3, selon une troisième réalisation, le panier comporte deux couches de fibre de verre 30A et 30B placées l'une à l'intérieur de l'autre. La couche externe 30A a pour fonction première la filtration des gaz de pyrolyse vis-à-vis des poussières. La couche interne 30B a pour fonction première de contenir les déchets avec les propriétés de résistance mécanique adaptées. On signale que la fonction ou la position des deux couches peut aussi être inversée. Ces deux couches 30A et 30B sont, de préférence, séparées. La structure légère métallique 32 est alors placée entre ces deux couches 30A et 30B. La fixation de ces trois éléments 30A, 30B et 32 les uns par rapport aux autres peut se faire par couture avec des fibres de verre ou du fil métallique.With reference to the figure 3 according to a third embodiment, the basket comprises two layers of glass fiber 30A and 30B placed one inside the other. The outer layer 30A has the primary function of filtering the pyrolysis gases vis-à-vis the dust. The inner layer 30B has the primary function of containing the waste with the appropriate strength properties. It is reported that the function or position of the two layers can also be reversed. These two layers 30A and 30B are preferably separated. The light metal structure 32 is then placed between these two layers 30A and 30B. Fixing these three elements 30A, 30B and 32 relative to each other can be done by sewing with glass fibers or wire.

Le procédé d'incinération selon l'invention utilise donc le panier ci-dessus évoqué pour incinérer des déchets à l'intérieur d'un incinérateur pendant une durée supérieure à une pyrolyse et une combustion de déchets sans panier d'au moins quinze minutes (durée d'incinération multipliée par trois voire dix suivant le panier). Les déchets sont ainsi placés au-dessus d'un bain de verre fondu surmonté d'une zone de combustion sous atmosphère d'oxygène dilué dans de l'argon et chauffé par un plasma d'arc transféré entre deux électrodes.The incineration process according to the invention therefore uses the basket mentioned above to incinerate waste inside an incinerator for a period greater than pyrolysis and combustion of waste without a basket of at least fifteen minutes ( incineration time multiplied by three or ten depending on the basket). The waste is thus placed above a bath of molten glass surmounted by a combustion zone under an oxygen atmosphere diluted in argon and heated by an arc plasma transferred between two electrodes.

Sur la figure 4, ont été représentées les teneurs en eau, gaz carbonique et monoxyde de carbone dans les gaz en sortie de l'incinérateur de vitrification en fonction du temps. L'eau est représentée en traits interrompus, le gaz carbonique en trait gras et le monoxyde de carbone en trait fin.On the figure 4 the contents of water, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in the gases leaving the vitrification incinerator as a function of time were represented. Water is shown in broken lines, carbon dioxide in bold lines and carbon monoxide in fine lines.

Il faut constater que, dans le cas de l'envoi direct de déchets à la surface d'un bain de verre fondu, au temps noté 16h45, la durée de la pyrolyse et de la combustion est alors très courte, c'est-à-dire de l'ordre de 3 minutes et l'apport d'oxygène est insuffisant pour assurer une combustion complète de la bouffée de gaz de pyrolyse. En effet, il reste une teneur en monoxyde de carbone de l'ordre de 3 à 4% dans les gaz en sortie de réacteur.It should be noted that, in the case of the direct sending of waste to the surface of a bath of molten glass, the time noted 16:45, the duration of the pyrolysis and combustion is then very short, that is to say say of the order of 3 minutes and the oxygen supply is insufficient to ensure complete combustion of the puff of pyrolysis gas. Indeed, it remains a carbon monoxide content of about 3 to 4% in the reactor outlet gas.

Dans le cas de l'utilisation du panier selon l'invention, notamment équipé de son enveloppe en fibre de verre, les déchets sont maintenus suspendus au-dessus d'un bain de verre en fusion au temps noté 15h42. Sa durée de combustion est portée à 17 minutes jusqu'au temps noté 15h59. Ceci permet d'obtenir une combustion complète sans présence de monoxyde de carbone dans les gaz de sortie du réacteur.In the case of the use of the basket according to the invention, in particular equipped with its fiberglass envelope, the waste is kept suspended above a bath of molten glass time noted 15:42. Its burning time is increased to 17 minutes until time noted 15:59. This makes it possible to obtain complete combustion without the presence of carbon monoxide in the outlet gases of the reactor.

Ce résultat est obtenu par l'enveloppe en fibre de verre jouant son rôle de retardateur du début de la combustion 1, ainsi qu'un rôle de ralentisseur de pyrolyse / combustion. Ceci permet d'obtenir une combustion complète des déchets, sans surdimensionner l'installation, notamment l'alimentation en gaz comburant et le traitement des gaz. De plus, on minimise grandement la présence de gaz de combustion à la sortie de l'installation.This result is obtained by the fiberglass envelope acting as a retarder of the start of the combustion 1, and a role of retarder pyrolysis / combustion. This makes it possible to obtain complete combustion of the waste, without oversizing the installation, in particular the supply of oxidizing gas and the treatment of gases. In addition, the presence of flue gas at the outlet of the installation is greatly minimized.

Claims (11)

  1. Support basket of waste, notably organic, to be inserted into and incinerated in an incinerator, comprising:
    an envelope (10, 20, 30A, 30B) made of at least a layer of glass fibre stiffened by a lightweight metal structure (12, 22, 32),
    characterised in that the envelope has a porosity which is defined by the following cumulative criteria, adapted:
    to maintain the waste in the basket during the introducing of the basket into the incinerator,
    to thermochemically control the pyrolysis rate of the organic waste, in particular, the progressive temperature rise of the waste until their complete incineration inside the support basket,
    to filter the pyrolysis gases.
  2. Basket according to claim 1, characterised in that the layer of glass fibre forming the envelope (10, 20, 30A, 30B) is woven, the weave having a mesh size defining the porosity of the envelope.
  3. Basket according to any of claim 1 or 2, characterised in that it further comprises a drip pan (18, 28, 58) placed on the ground of the envelope (10).
  4. Basket according to any of claim 1 to 3, characterised in that the lightweight metal structure (12) is external and that the envelope (10) made of glass fibre is located inside the lightweight metal structure.
  5. Basket according to any of claim 1 to 3, characterised in that the envelope (20) made of glass fibre is external and in that the lightweight metal structure (22) is located inside the glass fibre envelope.
  6. Basket according to any of claim 1 to 3, characterised in that the mesh wires forming the lightweight metal structure are integrated into the weaving of the fibre forming at least a layer of the envelope.
  7. Basket according to any of claim 1 to 6, characterised in that the envelope is composed of two glass fibre layers (30A, 30B), a first outer layer (30A) that will filter pyrolysis gases and a second inner layer (30B) that will contain waste.
  8. Basket according to claim 7, characterised in that the lightweight metal structure (32) is located between the two glass fibre layers (30A, 30B) of the glass fibre envelope.
  9. Basket according to any of claim 1 to 4, characterised in that the lightweight metal structure (12, 22, 32) is composed of a mesh.
  10. Method for incinerating waste, in a waste vitrification incinerator, notably organic waste,
    characterised in that it consists of:
    - placing the waste to be incinerated in a basket according to any one of claims 1 to 9 to be kept in it in a gas atmosphere, above a molten glass bath,
    - perform a pyrolysis and a combustion, confining toxic particles in the basket for a duration longer than a pyrolysis and combustion of waste without a basket, so that complete combustion can be achieved.
  11. Method according to claim 10, characterised in that after complete combustion of the waste, the glass fibre basket containing waste combustion residues is dissolved in the molten glass bath.
EP14704161.0A 2013-02-14 2014-02-13 Glassfiber-basket and process for the combustion of waste Active EP2956943B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1351262A FR3002075B1 (en) 2013-02-14 2013-02-14 FIBERGLASS BASKET AND METHOD OF INCINERATING WASTE
PCT/EP2014/052830 WO2014125030A1 (en) 2013-02-14 2014-02-13 Fibreglass bin and waste incineration method

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EP2956943A1 EP2956943A1 (en) 2015-12-23
EP2956943B1 true EP2956943B1 (en) 2018-09-26

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EP (1) EP2956943B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6279617B2 (en)
KR (1) KR102231881B1 (en)
CN (1) CN104995689B (en)
CA (1) CA2900600C (en)
ES (1) ES2703063T3 (en)
FR (1) FR3002075B1 (en)
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KR102067465B1 (en) * 2019-06-24 2020-01-17 주식회사 티오텍 Surface tempering apparatus for glass for a foldable dispaly apparatus

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US9719679B2 (en) 2017-08-01
CA2900600A1 (en) 2014-08-21
CN104995689A (en) 2015-10-21
RU2663875C2 (en) 2018-08-13
FR3002075A1 (en) 2014-08-15
KR20150136595A (en) 2015-12-07
WO2014125030A1 (en) 2014-08-21
EP2956943A1 (en) 2015-12-23
US20150369480A1 (en) 2015-12-24
JP6279617B2 (en) 2018-02-14
CA2900600C (en) 2023-02-14
KR102231881B1 (en) 2021-03-25
FR3002075B1 (en) 2015-03-06
JP2016515915A (en) 2016-06-02
CN104995689B (en) 2018-01-30
RU2015138153A (en) 2017-03-13
ES2703063T3 (en) 2019-03-06

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