EP2956352A1 - Sealed and thermally insulating wall for a tank for storing fluid - Google Patents

Sealed and thermally insulating wall for a tank for storing fluid

Info

Publication number
EP2956352A1
EP2956352A1 EP14705850.7A EP14705850A EP2956352A1 EP 2956352 A1 EP2956352 A1 EP 2956352A1 EP 14705850 A EP14705850 A EP 14705850A EP 2956352 A1 EP2956352 A1 EP 2956352A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
panel
insulating panel
slot
heat insulating
relaxation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14705850.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2956352B1 (en
EP2956352B8 (en
Inventor
Antoine PHILIPPE
Bruno Deletre
Johan Bougault
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
Original Assignee
Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gaztransport et Technigaz SA filed Critical Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
Publication of EP2956352A1 publication Critical patent/EP2956352A1/en
Publication of EP2956352B1 publication Critical patent/EP2956352B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2956352B8 publication Critical patent/EP2956352B8/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
    • B63B3/14—Hull parts
    • B63B3/68—Panellings; Linings, e.g. for insulating purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/02—Wall construction
    • B65D90/027—Corrugated or zig-zag structures; Folded plate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/22—Safety features
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/082—Mounting arrangements for vessels for large sea-borne storage vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/02—Wall construction
    • B65D90/06—Coverings, e.g. for insulating purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
    • F17C2203/0651—Invar
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/011—Improving strength
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of tanks, sealed and thermally insulating, for the storage and / or transport of fluid, such as a cryogenic fluid.
  • the invention relates more particularly to the field of tanks whose sealing is performed via metal membranes having corrugations conferring flexibility and elongation capacity in one or more directions of a plane.
  • Such tanks are used in particular for the transport or storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG) which is stored at atmospheric pressure at about -162 ° C.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • Patent Application FR 2 861 060 sealed and thermally insulating vessels, for the transportation and / or storage of cryogenic fluid, comprising heat-insulated panels covered by a corrugated waterproofing membrane.
  • the sealing membrane has an inner face, intended to be in contact with the fluid contained in the tank, and an outer face, anchored to the inner face of the heat insulating panel.
  • the waterproofing membrane is made of a plurality of metal plates, made of stainless steel, having series of perpendicular corrugations to absorb the forces.
  • the corrugated plates are welded to one another along their edges and are anchored to the panels by welding the edges of the plates to strips, also of stainless steel, riveted to said heat insulating panels.
  • the inner face of the heat-insulating panels has slits extending in the direction transverse to the length of the vessel, over the entire length of the heat-insulated panels. Such slots allow a deformation of the corrugations without the insulating panels do not crack during the cold setting of the tank.
  • An idea underlying the invention is to provide a waterproof and thermally insulating wall, corrugated membrane, resistant to low temperatures and having a limited flexion during its cold setting.
  • the invention provides a wall, sealed and thermally insulating, for a fluid storage tank comprising:
  • a sealing plate having an internal face intended to be in contact with the fluid contained in the tank, and an external face anchored on the internal face of the panel at a plurality of anchoring zones, said sealing plate comprising at least one undulation protruding from the side of the internal face of the sealed plate, extending in a direction di; in which :
  • the inner face of the heat-insulating panel comprises, between two adjacent anchoring zones disposed on either side of said undulation, a relaxation slot having an axis extending in the direction di so as to allow a deformation of the ripple transverse to the di direction;
  • the relaxation slot has a length less than the size of the lagging panel in the axis of the relaxation slot.
  • the corrugation gives the waterproofing membrane flexibility allowing it to deform, in particular under the effect of the bending of the heat-insulating panels and the thermal contraction of the waterproofing membrane.
  • the relaxation slot allows to take full advantage of this wave, since it allows a deformation of the waterproofing membrane without imposing excessive mechanical stresses on the heat insulating panel.
  • a cryogenic fluid such as liquefied natural gas
  • the difference in temperature between the outside of the tank and the interior generates a thermal gradient within the heat insulating panels.
  • This thermal gradient can cause the bending of the heat insulating panels and thus the bending of the waterproofing membrane.
  • a relaxation slot not extending over the entire width or length of the panel makes it possible to maintain a certain rigidity to the panel and therefore limits the impact of a relaxation slot on the flexibility of the panel. thermal insulation panel under thermal loading.
  • such a sealed and thermally insulating wall may comprise one or more of the following characteristics:
  • the relaxation slot is a through slot that opens on the outer side of the lagging panel.
  • the relaxation slot is a blind slot does not open on the outer face of the panel and having ends with a leave.
  • the sealed plate comprises a corrugation extending in a direction d2 perpendicular to the direction d1, the inner face of the lagging panel comprising, between two adjacent anchoring zones extending on either side of said extending corrugation, in the direction d2, a relaxation slot having an axis extending in the direction d2 and having a length less than the dimension of the heat insulating panel in the axis of said relaxation slot.
  • the sealed plate comprises a first series of corrugations extending in the direction di and a second series of corrugations extending in the direction d 2 , the outer face of the waterproof plate being anchored on the inner face of the heat insulating panel; at a plurality of anchoring zones disposed between corrugations of the first and second series, the inner face of the heat insulating panel comprising, between each pair of adjacent anchoring zones extending on either side a corrugation, a relaxation slot, having an axis which extends in the direction ⁇ ⁇ or d 2 of said corrugation, and having a length less than the dimension of the heat insulating panel in the axis of said relaxation slot.
  • a relaxation slot has a length corresponding to the distance between two intersections of corrugations in the direction d- ⁇ or d 2 of the relaxation slot.
  • the anchoring zones are aligned along two intersecting edges of the metal plate.
  • a relaxation slot adjacent to the intersection between the alignments of anchoring zones, has an additional portion extending in a median direction d3 to the directions d1 or d2.
  • the watertight plate is a metal plate and the inner face of the heat insulating panel comprises, at the anchor zones, metal anchor plates for welding the waterproof plate on the heat insulating panel.
  • the heat insulating panel comprises a layer of insulating polymer foam sandwiched between two plywood boards.
  • the heat insulating panel constitutes a primary insulating barrier of the wall, the wall further comprising a secondary waterproof and insulating barrier, the heat insulating panel being attached to the secondary waterproof and insulating barrier by an attachment member cooperating with a central zone of the panel, away from the edges of the panel.
  • the heat insulating panel comprises, in a central zone, fixing members to a supporting structure.
  • the invention also provides a fluid storage tank comprising a supporting structure and at least one wall as mentioned above fixed on the supporting structure.
  • Such a tank can be part of a land storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG tank, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) , a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
  • FSRU floating storage and regasification unit
  • FPSO floating production and remote storage unit
  • a vessel for transporting a fluid comprises a double shell forming the carrier structure and a said tank disposed in the double hull.
  • the invention also provides a use of a aforesaid vessel, in which a fluid is conveyed through pipes. isolated from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel to load or unload the vessel.
  • the invention also provides a transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating or ground storage facility. and a pump for driving fluid flow through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
  • the invention is particularly advantageous when the means for attaching the heat-insulating panels to the supporting structure are not capable of taking up the bending stresses of the heat-insulating element, for example when the heat-insulating panel is not not fixed in its peripheral zone, but only at a central zone of its external surface.
  • the invention also makes it possible to obtain a better aging behavior of the insulating foam of the heat-insulating panels. Indeed, since the relaxation slots do not extend over the entire length or the width of the heat-insulating panels, the exchange surface between the insulating foam and the ambient air is restricted so that the diffusion of the expansion gas outside the cells of the foam and the air migration in these are limited.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a heat insulating panel.
  • FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 are detailed views, according to three variant embodiments, of a heat insulating panel in the area receiving the angles of the metal plates.
  • Figure 5 is a view of a sealed and thermally insulating wall, in cross section passing through a relaxation slot.
  • FIG. 6 is a view similar to that of FIG. 5 with a relaxation slot according to another embodiment.
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of a corrugated metal plate of the waterproofing membrane.
  • Figure 8 is a plan view illustrating the relative positioning of a metal plate of the waterproofing membrane with respect to a heat insulating panel.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of a heat insulating panel attached to the carrier structure in its central area.
  • FIG. 10 is a detailed perspective view of the fasteners to the load-bearing structure of the heat insulating panel of FIG. 9.
  • Figure 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of the heat insulating panel of Figures 9 and 10 at the fasteners to the supporting structure.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic cutaway representation of a LNG tank tank and a loading / unloading terminal of the tank.
  • Each tank wall has successively, in the direction of the thickness, from the inside towards the outside of the tank, at least one sealing membrane, in contact with the fluid contained in the tank, a thermally insulating barrier and a bearing structure, not shown.
  • a wall may also include two levels of sealing and thermal insulation.
  • Figure 1 shows a heat insulating panel 1.
  • the panel 1 here has substantially a rectangular parallelepiped shape. It comprises a layer of insulating polymeric foam 2 sandwiched between an inner rigid plate 3 and an outer rigid plate 4.
  • the inner rigid plates 3 and outer 4 are, for example, plywood plates bonded to said foam layer 2
  • the insulating polymer foam may in particular be a foam based on polyurethane.
  • the polymer foam may advantageously be reinforced by glass fibers contributing to reducing its thermal contraction.
  • the panel 1 has a length of 3 meters and a width of 1 meter.
  • the inner plate 3 of plywood may have a thickness of 12 mm; the outer plate 4 of plywood: a thickness of 9 mm, and the insulating foam layer 2: a thickness of 200 mm.
  • the dimensions and thicknesses are given as an indication and vary depending on the desired applications and thermal insulation performance.
  • the inner surface of the panel 1 comprises metal plates 5, 6 for anchoring metal plates 7, an example of which is illustrated in FIG. 7, constituting the waterproofing membrane.
  • Metal plates 5 extend longitudinally on the inner plate 3 of the panel 1 and metal plates 6 extend transversely.
  • the metal plates 5, 6 are, for example, riveted to the inner plate 3 of the panel 1.
  • the metal plates 5, 6 may in particular be made of stainless steel or Invar ®: an alloy of iron and nickel whose main property is to have a very low coefficient of expansion.
  • the thickness of the metal plates 5, 6 is, for example, of the order of 2 mm.
  • a thermal protection strip, not shown, can be placed under the metal plates 5, 6.
  • the anchoring between the metal plate 7 and the metal plates 5, 6 is achieved by pointing welds.
  • the sealing membrane is obtained by assembling multiple metal plates 7, welded to each other along their edges.
  • a metal plate 7 comprises a first series of parallel corrugations, referred to as low ripples 8, extending in a direction y and a second series of parallel corrugations, referred to as high 9, extending in one direction. x.
  • the x and y directions of the series of corrugations 8, 9 are perpendicular.
  • the corrugations 8, 9 protrude from the side of the internal face of the metal plate 7.
  • the edges of the metal plate 7 are here parallel to the corrugations 8 and 9.
  • the metal plate 7 comprises between the corrugations 8, 9 a plurality of surfaces planes 11.
  • the terms “high” and “low” have a relative meaning and mean that the first set of corrugations 8 has a height less than the second set of corrugations 9.
  • the low ripple is discontinuous, that is to say it is interrupted by a fold which extends the ridge of the top of the high corrugation 9 protruding above the ridge 8, 9 allow the waterproofing membrane to be substantially flexible in order to be deformable under the effect of the stresses, including thermal, generated by the fluid stored in the tank.
  • the metal plate 7 is made of stainless steel sheet or aluminum, shaped by folding or stamping. Other metals or alloys are also possible.
  • the metal plate 7 has a thickness of about 1.2 mm. Other thicknesses are also conceivable, knowing that a thickening of the metal plate 7 causes an increase in its cost and generally increases the rigidity of the corrugations.
  • the metal plate 7 has a stamped strip, not shown, which is shifted inwards in the thickness direction by relative to the plane of the plate 7 in order to cover the edge of an adjacent metal plate 7.
  • FIG. 8 A relative positioning of a metal plate 7 with respect to a heat insulating panel 1 is illustrated in FIG. 8.
  • the metal plates 7 are here arranged in a staggered manner, of a half-length and a half-width with respect to heat insulating panel 1.
  • a wall therefore comprises a plurality of heat-insulating panels 1 and a plurality of metal plates 7 and each of said metal plates 7 extends over four adjacent heat insulating panels 1.
  • One of the longitudinal edges 12 of the metal plate 7 is anchored on the heat insulating panel 1, by welding said longitudinal edge 12 on the metal plates 5.
  • one of the transverse edges 13 is anchored to the heat insulating panel 1, by welding said edge transversal 13 on the metal plates 6.
  • the anchoring zones 14 between the metal plate 7 and the heat insulating panel 1 are located on either side of the corrugations 8, 9.
  • the anchoring zones 14 are formed at the interface between planar portions 11 of the edges 12, 13 metal plates 7, extending on either side of the corrugations 8, 9, and the metal plates 5, 6.
  • each series of corrugations 8, 9 extends vis-à-vis the junction between two heat insulating panels 1 adjacent.
  • the inner surface of the heat-insulating panel 1 is provided with a plurality of relaxation slots 15, 16.
  • a first series of relaxation slots 15 extends in the y-direction of the corrugations 8.
  • a second series of relaxation slots 16 is provided. extends in the direction x of the corrugations 9.
  • the relaxation slots 15, 16 here extend in relation to their respective undulations 8, 9.
  • the relaxation slots 15, 16 are thus arranged to allow a deformation of their respective undulation 8, 9 in a direction transverse to their direction. Indeed, without relaxation slot 15, 16, any undulation 8, 9 bordered by anchoring zones 14 can not deform without imposing significant mechanical stresses on the heat insulating panel 1.
  • the relaxation slots 15, 16 have lengths smaller than the size of the heat insulating panel 1 along their axis. In other words, the relaxation slots 15, 16 do not extend to the periphery of the heat insulating panel 1.
  • the length of a relaxation slot 15, 16 substantially corresponds to the pitch between two intersections 10 waves in the direction of the slot 15, 16.
  • the relaxation slot 15 is a through slot extending over the entire thickness of the heat insulating panel and opening, therefore, on the outer face of the panel 1.
  • Such a relaxation slot 15 makes it possible to confer on the sealing membrane a considerable flexibility with respect to the deformations of the heat insulating panel 1 while maintaining a continuity of the internal rigid plate 3 in certain zones thereof. This continuity allows to limit the flexibility of the heat insulation panel 1 under thermal loading. It also helps to relieve plaque sticking rigid 3, 4 on the foam layer 2 and therefore limit the breaking primers.
  • the relaxation slot 15 is a blind slot does not open on the outer face of the panel. Such a relaxation slot 15 extends substantially to half the thickness of the heat insulating panel 1. In order to limit the stress concentrations at the bottom of the ends 17, 18 of the slot 15, the ends 17, 18 of the relaxation slot 15 have a leave. In order to achieve these holidays, the relaxation slot 15 is typically made with a circular saw.
  • Figures 2 to 4 illustrate, in detail, the intersection zone between the alignment axis of metal plates 5 extending longitudinally to the panel 1 and the alignment axis of metal plates 6 extending transversely. This intersection zone corresponds to the zone for fixing an angle of the metal plate 7. In the embodiments of FIGS. 2 and 4, the relaxation slots
  • the manufacture of heat insulating panels 1 can be carried out according to various embodiments.
  • the inner 3 and outer 4 plates are, for example, glued on either side of the insulating polymer foam layer 2 and then the relaxation slots 15, 16 are cut.
  • the metal plates 5, 6 are fixed, for example by riveting, on the internal rigid plate 3.
  • the slits 15, 16 may be cut by means of a slotting device or any other suitable device such as water jet, laser, jigsaw, coping saw, milling machine, circular saw, or other.
  • Figures 9 to 1 1 illustrate a heat insulating panel 1 comprising in its central zone, fixing members to the supporting structure.
  • the insulating panel 1 has, in its central zone, an orifice 19 receiving a stud 20 fixed to the supporting structure or a secondary sealed and thermally insulating barrier, itself fixed to the supporting structure, when the tank has two levels of sealing and thermal insulation.
  • the stud 20 comprises a threaded portion cooperating with a nut 21.
  • the orifice 19 has a shoulder 22.
  • One or more flat washers and / or belleville washers 23 are inserted between the nut 21 and the shoulder 22.
  • the housing 22 is here closed by a shutter disc 24.
  • a sealed and thermally insulating tank may comprise one or more walls as described above.
  • Such a tank can be part of a land storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG tank, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) , a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
  • FSRU floating storage and regasification unit
  • FPSO floating production and remote storage unit
  • a cutaway view of a LNG tank 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
  • the wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealed barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealed barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary watertight barrier and secondary watertight barrier and entered secondary watertight barrier and double hull 72.
  • loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a marine or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed off-shore installation comprising an arm mobile 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74.
  • the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 that can connect to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
  • the movable arm 74 can be adapted to all gauges of LNG carriers .
  • a connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 enables the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77.
  • the underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the onshore installation 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the tanker vessel 70 at great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a sealed and thermally insulating wall for a tank for storing fluid, having: • an insulating panel (1) having an inner face; and • a sealing plate (7) having an inner face, intended to be in contact with the fluid contained in the tank, and an outer face anchored to the inner face of the panel (1) at a plurality of anchoring zones (14), said sealing plate (7) having at least one corrugation (8; 9), protruding from the side of the inner face of the sealing plate (7), extending in a direction d1 (x; y); wherein: • the inner face of the insulating panel (1) has, between two adjacent anchoring zones (14) that are disposed on either side of said corrugation (8; 9), a relaxation slot (15; 16) having an axis extending in the direction d1 (x, y) so as to allow a deformation of the corrugation transversely to the direction d1 (x, y); and • the relaxation slot (15; 16) has a length less than the dimension of the insulating panel (1) along the axis of the relaxation slot (15; 16).

Description

Paroi, étanche et thermiquement isolante, pour cuve de stockage de fluide  Wall, waterproof and thermally insulating, for fluid storage tank
Domaine technique Technical area
L'invention se rapporte au domaine des cuves, étanches et thermiquement isolantes, pour le stockage et/ou le transport de fluide, tel qu'un fluide cryogénique. The invention relates to the field of tanks, sealed and thermally insulating, for the storage and / or transport of fluid, such as a cryogenic fluid.
L'invention se rapporte plus particulièrement au domaine des cuves dont l'étanchéité est effectuée via des membranes métalliques présentant des ondulations leur conférant une flexibilité et une capacité d'élongation selon une ou plusieurs directions d'un plan. De telles cuves sont notamment employées pour le transport ou le stockage de gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL) qui est stocké, à pression atmosphérique, à environ -162°C. The invention relates more particularly to the field of tanks whose sealing is performed via metal membranes having corrugations conferring flexibility and elongation capacity in one or more directions of a plane. Such tanks are used in particular for the transport or storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG) which is stored at atmospheric pressure at about -162 ° C.
Arrière-plan technologique Technological background
Il est connu de la demande de brevet FR 2 861 060 des cuves, étanches et thermiquement isolantes, pour le transport et/ou le stockage de fluide cryogénique, comportant des panneaux calorifuges recouverts par une membrane d'étanchéité ondulée. La membrane d'étanchéité comporte une face interne, destinée à être en contact avec le fluide contenu dans la cuve, et une face externe, ancrée sur la face interne du panneau calorifuge. La membrane d'étanchéité est constituée d'une pluralité de plaques métalliques, en acier inoxydable, présentant des séries d'ondulations perpendiculaires permettant d'absorber les efforts. Les plaques ondulées sont soudées les unes aux autres, le long de leurs bords, et sont ancrées sur les panneaux, par soudage des bords des plaques sur des bandes, également en acier inoxydable, rivetées sur lesdits panneaux calorifuges. La face interne des panneaux calorifuges présente des fentes s'étendant dans la direction transversale à la longueur du navire, sur toute la longueur des panneaux calorifuges. De telles fentes permettent une déformation des ondulations sans pour autant que les panneaux calorifuges ne se fissurent lors de la mise à froid de la cuve. Résumé It is known from Patent Application FR 2 861 060 sealed and thermally insulating vessels, for the transportation and / or storage of cryogenic fluid, comprising heat-insulated panels covered by a corrugated waterproofing membrane. The sealing membrane has an inner face, intended to be in contact with the fluid contained in the tank, and an outer face, anchored to the inner face of the heat insulating panel. The waterproofing membrane is made of a plurality of metal plates, made of stainless steel, having series of perpendicular corrugations to absorb the forces. The corrugated plates are welded to one another along their edges and are anchored to the panels by welding the edges of the plates to strips, also of stainless steel, riveted to said heat insulating panels. The inner face of the heat-insulating panels has slits extending in the direction transverse to the length of the vessel, over the entire length of the heat-insulated panels. Such slots allow a deformation of the corrugations without the insulating panels do not crack during the cold setting of the tank. summary
Une idée à la base de l'invention est de proposer une paroi étanche et thermiquement isolante, à membrane ondulée, résistante aux basses températures et présentant une flexion limitée lors de sa mise à froid. An idea underlying the invention is to provide a waterproof and thermally insulating wall, corrugated membrane, resistant to low temperatures and having a limited flexion during its cold setting.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit une paroi, étanche et thermiquement isolante, pour cuve de stockage de fluide comportant: According to one embodiment, the invention provides a wall, sealed and thermally insulating, for a fluid storage tank comprising:
• un panneau calorifuge présentant une face interne ; et  • an insulating panel with an internal surface; and
• une plaque étanche présentant une face interne, destinée à être en contact avec le fluide contenu dans la cuve, et une face externe ancrée sur la face interne du panneau au niveau d'une pluralité de zones d'ancrage, ladite plaque étanche comportant au moins une ondulation, saillante du côté de la face interne de la plaque étanche, s'étendant selon une direction di ; dans laquelle :  A sealing plate having an internal face intended to be in contact with the fluid contained in the tank, and an external face anchored on the internal face of the panel at a plurality of anchoring zones, said sealing plate comprising at least one undulation protruding from the side of the internal face of the sealed plate, extending in a direction di; in which :
• la face interne du panneau calorifuge comporte, entre deux zones d'ancrage adjacentes disposées de part et d'autre de ladite ondulation, une fente de relaxation présentant un axe s'étendant selon la direction di de sorte à permettre une déformation de l'ondulation transversalement à la direction di ; et The inner face of the heat-insulating panel comprises, between two adjacent anchoring zones disposed on either side of said undulation, a relaxation slot having an axis extending in the direction di so as to allow a deformation of the ripple transverse to the di direction; and
• la fente de relaxation présente une longueur inférieure à la dimension du panneau calorifuge dans l'axe de la fente de relaxation. Ainsi, l'ondulation confère à la membrane d'étanchéité une flexibilité l'autorisant à se déformer, notamment sous l'effet de la flexion des panneaux calorifuges et de la contraction thermique de la membrane d'étanchéité. • The relaxation slot has a length less than the size of the lagging panel in the axis of the relaxation slot. Thus, the corrugation gives the waterproofing membrane flexibility allowing it to deform, in particular under the effect of the bending of the heat-insulating panels and the thermal contraction of the waterproofing membrane.
En outre, la fente de relaxation permet de tirer pleinement partie de cette ondulation, puisqu'elle permet une déformation de la membrane d'étanchéité sans imposer de contraintes mécaniques trop importantes sur le panneau calorifuge. In addition, the relaxation slot allows to take full advantage of this wave, since it allows a deformation of the waterproofing membrane without imposing excessive mechanical stresses on the heat insulating panel.
Par ailleurs, lorsqu'une cuve est remplie d'un fluide cryogénique, tel que du gaz naturel liquéfié, la différence de température entre l'extérieur de la cuve et l'intérieur génère un gradient thermique au sein des panneaux calorifuges. Ce gradient thermique peut provoquer la flexion des panneaux calorifuges et donc la flexion de la membrane d'étanchéité. Par opposition à une fente s'étendant de part en part d'un panneau calorifuge, une fente de relaxation ne s'étendant pas sur toute la largeur ou la longueur du panneau permet de conserver une certaine rigidité au panneau et limite donc l'impact d'une fente de relaxation sur la flexibilité du panneau calorifuge sous chargement thermique. Moreover, when a tank is filled with a cryogenic fluid, such as liquefied natural gas, the difference in temperature between the outside of the tank and the interior generates a thermal gradient within the heat insulating panels. This thermal gradient can cause the bending of the heat insulating panels and thus the bending of the waterproofing membrane. As opposed to a split extending from Apart from a heat insulating panel, a relaxation slot not extending over the entire width or length of the panel makes it possible to maintain a certain rigidity to the panel and therefore limits the impact of a relaxation slot on the flexibility of the panel. thermal insulation panel under thermal loading.
Selon des modes de réalisation, une telle paroi étanche et thermiquement isolante peut comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes : According to embodiments, such a sealed and thermally insulating wall may comprise one or more of the following characteristics:
• la fente de relaxation ne s'étend pas jusqu'à la périphérie du panneau calorifuge.  • the relaxation slot does not extend to the periphery of the insulation board.
• la fente de relaxation est une fente traversante qui débouche sur la face externe du panneau calorifuge.  • The relaxation slot is a through slot that opens on the outer side of the lagging panel.
• la fente de relaxation est une fente borgne ne débouchant pas sur la face externe du panneau et comportant des extrémités présentant un congé. • The relaxation slot is a blind slot does not open on the outer face of the panel and having ends with a leave.
• la fente de relaxation s'étend en vis-à-vis de l'ondulation. • the relaxation slot extends opposite the corrugation.
• la plaque étanche comporte une ondulation s'étendant selon une direction d2 perpendiculaire à la direction d1 , la face interne du panneau calorifuge comportant, entre deux zones d'ancrage adjacentes s'étendant de part et d'autre de ladite ondulation s'étendant selon la direction d2, une fente de relaxation présentant un axe s'étendant selon la direction d2 et présentant une longueur inférieure à la dimension du panneau calorifuge dans l'axe de ladite fente de relaxation.  The sealed plate comprises a corrugation extending in a direction d2 perpendicular to the direction d1, the inner face of the lagging panel comprising, between two adjacent anchoring zones extending on either side of said extending corrugation, in the direction d2, a relaxation slot having an axis extending in the direction d2 and having a length less than the dimension of the heat insulating panel in the axis of said relaxation slot.
• la plaque étanche comporte une première série d'ondulations s'étendant selon la direction d-i et une seconde série d'ondulations s'étendant selon la direction d2, la face externe de la plaque étanche étant ancrée sur la face interne du panneau calorifuge au niveau d'une pluralité de zones d'ancrage disposées entre des ondulations de la première et de la seconde séries, la face interne du panneau calorifuge comportant, entre chaque couple de zones d'ancrage adjacentes s'étendant de part et d'autre d'une ondulation, une fente de relaxation, présentant un axe qui s'étend selon la direction ά· ou d2 de ladite ondulation, et présentant une longueur inférieure à la dimension du panneau calorifuge dans l'axe de ladite fente de relaxation.The sealed plate comprises a first series of corrugations extending in the direction di and a second series of corrugations extending in the direction d 2 , the outer face of the waterproof plate being anchored on the inner face of the heat insulating panel; at a plurality of anchoring zones disposed between corrugations of the first and second series, the inner face of the heat insulating panel comprising, between each pair of adjacent anchoring zones extending on either side a corrugation, a relaxation slot, having an axis which extends in the direction ά · or d 2 of said corrugation, and having a length less than the dimension of the heat insulating panel in the axis of said relaxation slot.
• une fente de relaxation présente une longueur correspondant à la distance entre deux intersections d'ondulations dans la direction d-ι ou d2 de la fente de relaxation. les zones d'ancrage sont alignées le long de deux bords sécants de la plaque métallique. • A relaxation slot has a length corresponding to the distance between two intersections of corrugations in the direction d-ι or d 2 of the relaxation slot. the anchoring zones are aligned along two intersecting edges of the metal plate.
une fente de relaxation, adjacente à l'intersection entre les alignements de zones d'ancrage, présente une portion additionnelle s'étendant dans une direction d3 médiane aux directions d1 ou d2.  a relaxation slot, adjacent to the intersection between the alignments of anchoring zones, has an additional portion extending in a median direction d3 to the directions d1 or d2.
la plaque étanche est une plaque métallique et la face interne du panneau calorifuge comporte, au niveau des zones d'ancrages, des platines métalliques d'ancrage permettant le soudage de la plaque étanche sur le panneau calorifuge.  the watertight plate is a metal plate and the inner face of the heat insulating panel comprises, at the anchor zones, metal anchor plates for welding the waterproof plate on the heat insulating panel.
le panneau calorifuge comporte une couche de mousse polymère isolante prise en sandwich entre deux plaques de bois contreplaqué.  the heat insulating panel comprises a layer of insulating polymer foam sandwiched between two plywood boards.
le panneau calorifuge constitue une barrière isolante primaire de la paroi, la paroi comportant en outre une barrière étanche et isolante secondaire, le panneau calorifuge étant attaché sur la barrière étanche et isolante secondaire par un organe d'attache coopérant avec une zone médiane du panneau, distante des bords du panneau.  the heat insulating panel constitutes a primary insulating barrier of the wall, the wall further comprising a secondary waterproof and insulating barrier, the heat insulating panel being attached to the secondary waterproof and insulating barrier by an attachment member cooperating with a central zone of the panel, away from the edges of the panel.
le panneau calorifuge comporte, dans une zone centrale, des organes de fixation à une structure porteuse.  the heat insulating panel comprises, in a central zone, fixing members to a supporting structure.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit aussi une cuve de stockage de fluide comportant une structure porteuse et au moins une paroi telle que mentionnée ci-dessus fixée sur la structure porteuse. According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a fluid storage tank comprising a supporting structure and at least one wall as mentioned above fixed on the supporting structure.
Une telle cuve peut faire partie d'une installation de stockage terrestre, par exemple pour stocker du GNL ou être installée dans une structure flottante, côtière ou en eau profonde, notamment un navire méthanier, une unité flottante de stockage et de regazéification (FSRU), une unité flottante de production et de stockage déporté (FPSO) et autres. Such a tank can be part of a land storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG tank, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) , a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
Selon un mode de réalisation, un navire pour le transport d'un fluide comporte une double coque formant la structure porteuse et une cuve précitée disposée dans la double coque. Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit aussi une utilisation d'un navire précité, dans laquelle on achemine un fluide à travers des canalisations isolées depuis ou vers une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire afin de charger ou décharger le navire. According to one embodiment, a vessel for transporting a fluid comprises a double shell forming the carrier structure and a said tank disposed in the double hull. According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a use of a aforesaid vessel, in which a fluid is conveyed through pipes. isolated from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel to load or unload the vessel.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit aussi un système de transfert pour un fluide, le système comportant le navire précité, des canalisations isolées agencées de manière à relier la cuve installée dans la coque du navire à une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre et une pompe pour entraîner un flux de fluide à travers les canalisations isolées depuis ou vers l'installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire. According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating or ground storage facility. and a pump for driving fluid flow through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention est particulièrement avantageuse lorsque les moyens d'attache des panneaux calorifuges à la structure porteuse ne sont pas aptes à reprendre les contraintes de flexion de l'élément calorifuge, par exemple lorsque le panneau calorifuge n'est pas fixé dans sa zone périphérique, mais uniquement au niveau d'une zone centrale de sa surface externe. According to one embodiment, the invention is particularly advantageous when the means for attaching the heat-insulating panels to the supporting structure are not capable of taking up the bending stresses of the heat-insulating element, for example when the heat-insulating panel is not not fixed in its peripheral zone, but only at a central zone of its external surface.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention permet également d'obtenir un meilleur comportement au vieillissement de la mousse isolante des panneaux calorifuges. En effet, les fentes de relaxation ne s'étendant pas sur toute la longueur ou la largueur des panneaux calorifuges, la surface d'échange entre la mousse isolante et l'air ambiant est restreinte de telle sorte que la diffusion du gaz d'expansion en dehors des cellules de la mousse et la migration d'air dans celles-ci sont limitées. According to one embodiment, the invention also makes it possible to obtain a better aging behavior of the insulating foam of the heat-insulating panels. Indeed, since the relaxation slots do not extend over the entire length or the width of the heat-insulating panels, the exchange surface between the insulating foam and the ambient air is restricted so that the diffusion of the expansion gas outside the cells of the foam and the air migration in these are limited.
L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, détails, caractéristiques et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description suivante de plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers de l'invention, donnés uniquement à titre illustratif et non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés. Sur ces dessins : The invention will be better understood, and other objects, details, characteristics and advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the course of the following description of several particular embodiments of the invention, given solely for illustrative and non-limiting purposes. with reference to the accompanying drawings. On these drawings:
• La figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un panneau calorifuge. • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a heat insulating panel.
• Les figures 2, 3 et 4 sont des vues détaillées, selon trois variantes de réalisation, d'un panneau calorifuge dans la zone recevant les angles des plaques métalliques. • La figure 5 est une vue d'une paroi étanche et thermiquement isolante, en coupe transversale passant par une fente de relaxation. FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 are detailed views, according to three variant embodiments, of a heat insulating panel in the area receiving the angles of the metal plates. • Figure 5 is a view of a sealed and thermally insulating wall, in cross section passing through a relaxation slot.
• La figure 6 est une vue similaire à celle la figure 5 avec une fente de relaxation selon un autre mode de réalisation.  FIG. 6 is a view similar to that of FIG. 5 with a relaxation slot according to another embodiment.
· La figure 7 est une vue en perspective d'une plaque métallique ondulée de la membrane d'étanchéité.  Figure 7 is a perspective view of a corrugated metal plate of the waterproofing membrane.
• La figure 8 est une vue en plan illustrant le positionnement relatif d'une plaque métallique de la membrane d'étanchéité par rapport à un panneau calorifuge.  Figure 8 is a plan view illustrating the relative positioning of a metal plate of the waterproofing membrane with respect to a heat insulating panel.
« La figure 9 est une vue en perspective d'un panneau calorifuge fixé à la structure porteuse dans sa zone centrale.  "Figure 9 is a perspective view of a heat insulating panel attached to the carrier structure in its central area.
• La figure 10 est une vue détaillée en perspective des organes de fixation à la structure porteuse du panneau calorifuge de la figure 9.  FIG. 10 is a detailed perspective view of the fasteners to the load-bearing structure of the heat insulating panel of FIG. 9.
• La figure 11 est une vue en coupe longitudinale du panneau calorifuge des figures 9 et 10 au niveau des organes de fixation à la structure porteuse.  • Figure 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of the heat insulating panel of Figures 9 and 10 at the fasteners to the supporting structure.
• La figure 12 est une représentation schématique écorchée d'une cuve de navire méthanier et d'un terminal de chargement/déchargement de cette cuve.  • Figure 12 is a schematic cutaway representation of a LNG tank tank and a loading / unloading terminal of the tank.
Par convention, les termes «externe » et « interne » sont utilisés pour définir la position relative d'un élément par rapport à un autre, par référence à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur de la cuve. By convention, the terms "external" and "internal" are used to define the relative position of one element relative to another, with reference to the interior and exterior of the vessel.
Chaque paroi de cuve présente successivement, dans le sens de l'épaisseur, depuis l'intérieur vers l'extérieur de la cuve, au moins une membrane d'étanchéité, en contact avec le fluide contenu dans la cuve, une barrière thermiquement isolante et une structure porteuse, non représentée. Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, non illustré, une paroi peut également comporter deux niveaux d'étanchéité et d'isolation thermique. Each tank wall has successively, in the direction of the thickness, from the inside towards the outside of the tank, at least one sealing membrane, in contact with the fluid contained in the tank, a thermally insulating barrier and a bearing structure, not shown. In a particular embodiment, not illustrated, a wall may also include two levels of sealing and thermal insulation.
La figure 1 représente un panneau calorifuge 1 . Le panneau 1 présente ici sensiblement une forme de parallélépipède rectangle. Il comporte une couche de mousse polymère isolante 2 prise en sandwich entre une plaque rigide interne 3 et une plaque rigide externe 4. Les plaques rigides interne 3 et externe 4 sont, par exemple, des plaques de bois contreplaqué collées sur ladite couche de mousse 2. La mousse polymère isolante peut notamment être une mousse à base de polyuréthanne. La mousse polymère peut avantageusement être renforcée par des fibres de verre contribuant à réduire sa contraction thermique. Figure 1 shows a heat insulating panel 1. The panel 1 here has substantially a rectangular parallelepiped shape. It comprises a layer of insulating polymeric foam 2 sandwiched between an inner rigid plate 3 and an outer rigid plate 4. The inner rigid plates 3 and outer 4 are, for example, plywood plates bonded to said foam layer 2 The insulating polymer foam may in particular be a foam based on polyurethane. The polymer foam may advantageously be reinforced by glass fibers contributing to reducing its thermal contraction.
A titre d'exemple, le panneau 1 présente une longueur de 3 mètres pour une largeur de 1 mètre. La plaque interne 3 de contreplaqué peut présenter une épaisseur de 12 mm ; la plaque externe 4 de contreplaqué : une épaisseur de 9 mm, et la couche de mousse isolante 2 : une épaisseur de 200 mm. Bien entendu, les dimensions et épaisseurs sont données à titre indicatif et varient en fonction des applications et des performances d'isolation thermique souhaitées. For example, the panel 1 has a length of 3 meters and a width of 1 meter. The inner plate 3 of plywood may have a thickness of 12 mm; the outer plate 4 of plywood: a thickness of 9 mm, and the insulating foam layer 2: a thickness of 200 mm. Of course, the dimensions and thicknesses are given as an indication and vary depending on the desired applications and thermal insulation performance.
La surface interne du panneau 1 comporte des platines métalliques 5, 6 destinées à ancrer des plaques métalliques 7, dont un exemple est illustré sur la figure 7, constituant la membrane d'étanchéité. Des platines métalliques 5 s'étendent longitudinalement sur la plaque interne 3 du panneau 1 et des platines métalliques 6 s'étendent transversalement. Les platines métalliques 5, 6 sont, par exemple, rivetées à la plaque interne 3 du panneau 1. Les platines métalliques 5, 6 peuvent notamment être réalisées en acier inoxydable ou en Invar ® : un alliage de fer et de nickel dont la propriété principale est d'avoir un coefficient de dilatation très faible. L'épaisseur des platines métalliques 5, 6 est, par exemple, de l'ordre de 2 mm. Une bande de protection thermique, non illustrée, peut être placée sous les platines métalliques 5, 6. L'ancrage entre la plaque métallique 7 et les platines métalliques 5, 6 est réalisé par des soudures de pointage. The inner surface of the panel 1 comprises metal plates 5, 6 for anchoring metal plates 7, an example of which is illustrated in FIG. 7, constituting the waterproofing membrane. Metal plates 5 extend longitudinally on the inner plate 3 of the panel 1 and metal plates 6 extend transversely. The metal plates 5, 6 are, for example, riveted to the inner plate 3 of the panel 1. The metal plates 5, 6 may in particular be made of stainless steel or Invar ®: an alloy of iron and nickel whose main property is to have a very low coefficient of expansion. The thickness of the metal plates 5, 6 is, for example, of the order of 2 mm. A thermal protection strip, not shown, can be placed under the metal plates 5, 6. The anchoring between the metal plate 7 and the metal plates 5, 6 is achieved by pointing welds.
La membrane d'étanchéité est obtenue par assemblage de multiples plaques métalliques 7, soudées les unes aux autres le long de leurs bords. Comme illustré sur la figure 7, une plaque métallique 7 comporte une première série d'ondulations parallèles, dites basses 8, s'étendant selon une direction y et une seconde série d'ondulations parallèles, dites hautes 9, s'étendant selon une direction x. Les directions x et y des séries d'ondulations 8, 9 sont perpendiculaires. Les ondulations 8, 9 sont saillantes du côté de la face interne de la plaque métallique 7. Les bords de la plaque métallique 7 sont ici parallèles aux ondulations 8 et 9. La plaque métallique 7 comporte entre les ondulations 8, 9 une pluralité de surfaces planes 11 . Notons que les termes « haute » et « basse » ont un sens relatif et signifient que la première série d'ondulations 8 présente une hauteur inférieure à la seconde série d'ondulations 9. Au niveau d'une intersection 10 entre une ondulation basse 8 et une ondulation haute 9, l'ondulation basse est discontinue, c'est-à-dire qu'elle est interrompue par un pli qui prolonge l'arête de sommet de l'ondulation haute 9 en faisant saillie au-dessus de l'arête de sommet de l'ondulation basse 8. Les ondulations 8, 9 permettent à la membrane d'étanchéité d'être sensiblement flexible afin de pouvoir se déformer sous l'effet des sollicitations, notamment thermiques, générées par le fluide emmagasiné dans la cuve. The sealing membrane is obtained by assembling multiple metal plates 7, welded to each other along their edges. As illustrated in FIG. 7, a metal plate 7 comprises a first series of parallel corrugations, referred to as low ripples 8, extending in a direction y and a second series of parallel corrugations, referred to as high 9, extending in one direction. x. The x and y directions of the series of corrugations 8, 9 are perpendicular. The corrugations 8, 9 protrude from the side of the internal face of the metal plate 7. The edges of the metal plate 7 are here parallel to the corrugations 8 and 9. The metal plate 7 comprises between the corrugations 8, 9 a plurality of surfaces planes 11. Note that the terms "high" and "low" have a relative meaning and mean that the first set of corrugations 8 has a height less than the second set of corrugations 9. At an intersection 10 between a low ripple 8 and a high ripple 9, the low ripple is discontinuous, that is to say it is interrupted by a fold which extends the ridge of the top of the high corrugation 9 protruding above the ridge 8, 9 allow the waterproofing membrane to be substantially flexible in order to be deformable under the effect of the stresses, including thermal, generated by the fluid stored in the tank.
La plaque métallique 7 est réalisée en tôle d'acier inoxydable ou d'aluminium, mise en forme par pliage ou par emboutissage. D'autres métaux ou alliages sont également possibles. A titre d'exemple, la plaque métallique 7 présente une épaisseur d'environ 1 ,2 mm. D'autres épaisseurs sont également envisageables, sachant qu'un épaississement de la plaque métallique 7 entraine une augmentation de son coût et accroît généralement la rigidité des ondulations. The metal plate 7 is made of stainless steel sheet or aluminum, shaped by folding or stamping. Other metals or alloys are also possible. For example, the metal plate 7 has a thickness of about 1.2 mm. Other thicknesses are also conceivable, knowing that a thickening of the metal plate 7 causes an increase in its cost and generally increases the rigidity of the corrugations.
Au niveau d'un des deux bords transversaux 13, et au niveau d'un des deux bords longitudinaux 12, la plaque métallique 7 présente une bande emboutie, non représentée, qui est décalée, vers l'intérieur dans la direction d'épaisseur par rapport au plan de la plaque 7 afin de venir recouvrir la bordure d'une plaque métallique 7 adjacente. At one of the two transverse edges 13, and at one of the two longitudinal edges 12, the metal plate 7 has a stamped strip, not shown, which is shifted inwards in the thickness direction by relative to the plane of the plate 7 in order to cover the edge of an adjacent metal plate 7.
Un positionnement relatif d'une plaque métallique 7 par rapport à un panneau calorifuge 1 est illustré sur la figure 8. Les plaques métalliques 7 sont ici disposées de manière décalée, d'une demi-longueur et d'une demi-largeur par rapport au panneau calorifuge 1. Une paroi comporte donc une pluralité de panneaux calorifuges 1 et une pluralité de plaques métalliques 7 et chacune desdites plaques métalliques 7 s'étend sur quatre panneaux calorifuges 1 adjacents. Un des bords longitudinaux 12 de la plaque métallique 7 est ancré sur le panneau calorifuge 1 , par soudage dudit bord longitudinal 12 sur les platines métalliques 5. De même, un des bords transversaux 13 est ancré sur le panneau calorifuge 1 , par soudage dudit bord transversal 13 sur les platines métalliques 6. Les zones d'ancrage 14 entre la plaque métallique 7 et le panneau calorifuge 1 sont situées de part et d'autre des ondulations 8, 9. En d'autres termes, les zones d'ancrage 14 sont formées à l'interface entre des portions planes11 des bords 12, 13 des plaques métalliques 7, s'étendant de part et d'autre des ondulations 8, 9, et les platines métalliques 5, 6. A relative positioning of a metal plate 7 with respect to a heat insulating panel 1 is illustrated in FIG. 8. The metal plates 7 are here arranged in a staggered manner, of a half-length and a half-width with respect to heat insulating panel 1. A wall therefore comprises a plurality of heat-insulating panels 1 and a plurality of metal plates 7 and each of said metal plates 7 extends over four adjacent heat insulating panels 1. One of the longitudinal edges 12 of the metal plate 7 is anchored on the heat insulating panel 1, by welding said longitudinal edge 12 on the metal plates 5. Similarly, one of the transverse edges 13 is anchored to the heat insulating panel 1, by welding said edge transversal 13 on the metal plates 6. The anchoring zones 14 between the metal plate 7 and the heat insulating panel 1 are located on either side of the corrugations 8, 9. In other words, the anchoring zones 14 are formed at the interface between planar portions 11 of the edges 12, 13 metal plates 7, extending on either side of the corrugations 8, 9, and the metal plates 5, 6.
Notons que, de manière avantageuse, l'ondulation centrale de chacune des séries d'ondulations 8, 9 s'étend en vis-à-vis de la jonction entre deux panneaux calorifuges 1 adjacent. Note that, advantageously, the central corrugation of each series of corrugations 8, 9 extends vis-à-vis the junction between two heat insulating panels 1 adjacent.
La surface interne du panneau calorifuge 1 est pourvu d'une pluralité de fentes de relaxation 15, 16. Une première série de fentes de relaxation 15 s'étend selon la direction y des ondulations 8. Une seconde série de fentes de relaxation 16 s'étend selon la direction x des ondulations 9. Sur la figure 8, entre chaque couple de zones d'ancrage 14 adjacentes s'étendant de part et d'autre d'une ondulation 8, 9, le panneau calorifuge 1 présente une fente de relaxation 15, 16. Les fentes de relaxation 15, 16 s'étendent ici en vis- à-vis de leur ondulation respective 8, 9. Les fentes de relaxation 15, 16 sont ainsi agencées pour permettre une déformation de leur ondulation respective 8, 9 selon une direction transversale à leur direction. En effet, sans fente de relaxation 15, 16, toute ondulation 8, 9 bordée de zones d'ancrage 14 ne peut se déformer sans imposer des contraintes mécaniques importantes au panneau calorifuge 1. The inner surface of the heat-insulating panel 1 is provided with a plurality of relaxation slots 15, 16. A first series of relaxation slots 15 extends in the y-direction of the corrugations 8. A second series of relaxation slots 16 is provided. extends in the direction x of the corrugations 9. In FIG. 8, between each pair of adjacent anchoring zones 14 extending on either side of a corrugation 8, 9, the heat insulating panel 1 has a relaxation slot 15, 16. The relaxation slots 15, 16 here extend in relation to their respective undulations 8, 9. The relaxation slots 15, 16 are thus arranged to allow a deformation of their respective undulation 8, 9 in a direction transverse to their direction. Indeed, without relaxation slot 15, 16, any undulation 8, 9 bordered by anchoring zones 14 can not deform without imposing significant mechanical stresses on the heat insulating panel 1.
Les fentes de relaxation 15, 16 présentent des longueurs inférieures à la dimension du panneau calorifuge 1 selon leur axe. En d'autres termes, les fentes de relaxation 15, 16 ne s'étendent pas jusqu'à la périphérie du panneau calorifuge 1. De manière avantageuse, la longueur d'une fente de relaxation 15, 16 correspond sensiblement au pas entre deux intersection 10 d'ondulations dans la direction de la fente 15, 16. The relaxation slots 15, 16 have lengths smaller than the size of the heat insulating panel 1 along their axis. In other words, the relaxation slots 15, 16 do not extend to the periphery of the heat insulating panel 1. Advantageously, the length of a relaxation slot 15, 16 substantially corresponds to the pitch between two intersections 10 waves in the direction of the slot 15, 16.
Dans un mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 5, la fente de relaxation 15 est une fente traversante s'étendant sur toute l'épaisseur du panneau calorifuge et débouchant, par conséquent, sur la face externe du panneau 1. Une telle fente de relaxation 15 permet de conférer à la membrane d'étanchéité une flexibilité importante par rapport aux déformations du panneau calorifuge 1 tout en conservant une continuité de la plaque rigide interne 3 dans certaines zones de celle-ci. Cette continuité permet limiter la flexibilité du panneau calorifuge 1 sous chargement thermique. Cela permet également de soulager le collage des plaques rigides 3, 4 sur la couche de mousse 2 et par conséquent de limiter les amorces de rupture. In an embodiment shown in Figure 5, the relaxation slot 15 is a through slot extending over the entire thickness of the heat insulating panel and opening, therefore, on the outer face of the panel 1. Such a relaxation slot 15 makes it possible to confer on the sealing membrane a considerable flexibility with respect to the deformations of the heat insulating panel 1 while maintaining a continuity of the internal rigid plate 3 in certain zones thereof. This continuity allows to limit the flexibility of the heat insulation panel 1 under thermal loading. It also helps to relieve plaque sticking rigid 3, 4 on the foam layer 2 and therefore limit the breaking primers.
Dans un autre mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 6, la fente de relaxation 15 est une fente borgne ne débouchant pas sur la face externe du panneau. Une telle fente de relaxation 15 s'étend sensiblement jusqu'à la moitié de l'épaisseur du panneau calorifuge 1. Afin de limiter les concentrations de contraintes au niveau du fond des extrémités 17, 18 de la fente 15, les extrémités 17, 18 de la fente de relaxation 15 présentent un congé. Afin de réaliser ces congés, la fente de relaxation 15 est typiquement réalisée à la scie circulaire. Les figures 2 à 4 illustrent, de manière détaillée, la zone d'intersection entre l'axe d'alignement de platines métalliques 5 s'étendant longitudinalement au panneau 1 et l'axe d'alignement de platines métalliques 6 s'étendant transversalement. Cette zone d'intersection correspond à la zone de fixation d'un angle de la plaque métallique 7. Dans les modes de réalisation des figures 2 et 4, les fentes de relaxationIn another embodiment shown in Figure 6, the relaxation slot 15 is a blind slot does not open on the outer face of the panel. Such a relaxation slot 15 extends substantially to half the thickness of the heat insulating panel 1. In order to limit the stress concentrations at the bottom of the ends 17, 18 of the slot 15, the ends 17, 18 of the relaxation slot 15 have a leave. In order to achieve these holidays, the relaxation slot 15 is typically made with a circular saw. Figures 2 to 4 illustrate, in detail, the intersection zone between the alignment axis of metal plates 5 extending longitudinally to the panel 1 and the alignment axis of metal plates 6 extending transversely. This intersection zone corresponds to the zone for fixing an angle of the metal plate 7. In the embodiments of FIGS. 2 and 4, the relaxation slots
15, 16, qui sont disposées de part et d'autre de l'intersection entre les alignements de platines métalliques 5, 6 se prolongent par une portion additionnelle 17, 18 s'étendant dans une direction médiane aux directions x et y. Autrement dit les directions x et y étant ici perpendiculaires, les portions additionnelles 17, 18 forment un angle de 45 ° par rapport aux directions x et y. 15, 16, which are arranged on either side of the intersection between the alignments of metal plates 5, 6 are extended by an additional portion 17, 18 extending in a median direction to x and y directions. In other words, the directions x and y being here perpendicular, the additional portions 17, 18 form an angle of 45 ° with respect to the directions x and y.
Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 3, il a été choisi de diminuer la longueur des fentes de relaxation 15 transversales de telle sorte qu'elles ne croisent pas les fentes de relaxation longitudinales 16. In the embodiment of FIG. 3, it has been chosen to reduce the length of the transverse relaxation slots so that they do not intersect the longitudinal relaxation slots 16.
La fabrication des panneaux calorifuges 1 peut être réalisée selon divers modes de réalisation. Selon un mode de réalisation, les plaques interne 3 et externe 4 sont, par exemple, collées de part et d'autre de la couche de mousse polymère isolante 2 puis les fentes de relaxation 15, 16 sont découpées. Enfin, lorsque les fentes de relaxation 15, 16 ont été découpées, les platines métalliques 5, 6 sont fixées, par exemple par rivetage, sur la plaque rigide interne 3. De manière alternative, il est également possible de découper, au préalable, la plaque rigide interne 3, la couche de mousse polymère isolante 2 et optionnellement la plaque rigide externe 4 puis de coller les plaques rigides interne 3 et externe 4 sur la couche de mousse polymère isolante 2 en ajustant les fentes formées dans la plaque interne 3 et dans la couche de mousse polymère isolante 2. The manufacture of heat insulating panels 1 can be carried out according to various embodiments. According to one embodiment, the inner 3 and outer 4 plates are, for example, glued on either side of the insulating polymer foam layer 2 and then the relaxation slots 15, 16 are cut. Finally, when the relaxation slots 15, 16 have been cut, the metal plates 5, 6 are fixed, for example by riveting, on the internal rigid plate 3. Alternatively, it is also possible to cut, beforehand, the inner rigid plate 3, the insulating polymer foam layer 2 and optionally the outer rigid plate 4 and then to glue the inner rigid plates 3 and outer 4 on the foam layer insulating polymer 2 by adjusting the slits formed in the inner plate 3 and in the insulating polymeric foam layer 2.
Le découpage des fentes 15, 16 peut être réalisée au moyen d'un dispositif de type mortaiseuse ou tout autre dispositif approprié tel que jet d'eau, laser, scie sauteuse, scie à chantourner, fraisage, scie circulaire, ou autre. The slits 15, 16 may be cut by means of a slotting device or any other suitable device such as water jet, laser, jigsaw, coping saw, milling machine, circular saw, or other.
Les figures 9 à 1 1 illustrent un panneau calorifuge 1 comprenant dans sa zone centrale, des organes de fixation à la structure porteuse. Le panneau calorifuge 1 présente, dans sa zone centrale, un orifice 19 recevant un goujon 20 fixé à la structure porteuse ou à une barrière secondaire étanche et thermiquement isolante, elle-même fixée à la structure porteuse, lorsque la cuve comporte deux niveaux d'étanchéité et d'isolation thermique. Le goujon 20 comprend une partie filetée coopérant avec un écrou 21. L'orifice 19 comporte un épaulement 22. Une ou plusieurs rondelles plates et/ou rondelles de belleville 23 sont insérés entre l'écrou 21 et l'épaulement 22. Le logement 22 est ici obturé par un disque d'obturation 24. Figures 9 to 1 1 illustrate a heat insulating panel 1 comprising in its central zone, fixing members to the supporting structure. The insulating panel 1 has, in its central zone, an orifice 19 receiving a stud 20 fixed to the supporting structure or a secondary sealed and thermally insulating barrier, itself fixed to the supporting structure, when the tank has two levels of sealing and thermal insulation. The stud 20 comprises a threaded portion cooperating with a nut 21. The orifice 19 has a shoulder 22. One or more flat washers and / or belleville washers 23 are inserted between the nut 21 and the shoulder 22. The housing 22 is here closed by a shutter disc 24.
Une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante peut comporter une ou plusieurs parois telles que décrites ci-dessus. Une telle cuve peut faire partie d'une installation de stockage terrestre, par exemple pour stocker du GNL ou être installée dans une structure flottante, côtière ou en eau profonde, notamment un navire méthanier, une unité flottante de stockage et de regazéification (FSRU), une unité flottante de production et de stockage déporté (FPSO) et autres. A sealed and thermally insulating tank may comprise one or more walls as described above. Such a tank can be part of a land storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG tank, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) , a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
En référence à la figure 12, une vue écorchée d'un navire méthanier 70 montre une cuve étanche et isolée 71 de forme générale prismatique montée dans la double coque 72 du navire. La paroi de la cuve 71 comporte une barrière étanche primaire destinée à être en contact avec le GNL contenu dans la cuve, une barrière étanche secondaire agencée entre la barrière étanche primaire et la double coque 72 du navire, et deux barrières isolante agencées respectivement entre la barrière étanche primaire et la barrière étanche secondaire et entré la barrière étanche secondaire et la double coque 72. De manière connue en soi, des canalisations de chargement/déchargement 73 disposées sur le pont supérieur du navire peuvent être raccordées, au moyen de connecteurs appropriées, à un terminal maritime ou portuaire pour transférer une cargaison de GNL depuis ou vers la cuve 71 . La figure 12 représente un exemple de terminal maritime comportant un poste de chargement et de déchargement 75, une conduite sous-marine 76 et une installation à terre 77. Le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75 est une installation fixe off-shore comportant un bras mobile 74 et une tour 78 qui supporte le bras mobile 74. Le bras mobile 74 porte un faisceau de tuyaux flexibles isolés 79 pouvant se connecter aux canalisations de chargement/déchargement 73. Le bras mobile 74 orientable s'adapte à tous les gabarits de méthaniers. Une conduite de liaison non représentée s'étend à l'intérieur de la tour 78. Le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75 permet le chargement et le déchargement du méthanier 70 depuis ou vers l'installation à terre 77. Celle-ci comporte des cuves de stockage de gaz liquéfié 80 et des conduites de liaison 81 reliées par la conduite sous-marine 76 au poste de chargement ou de déchargement 75. La conduite sous-marine 76 permet le transfert du gaz liquéfié entre le poste de chargement ou de déchargement 75 et l'installation à terre 77 sur une grande distance, par exemple 5 km, ce qui permet de garder le navire méthanier 70 à grande distance de la côte pendant les opérations de chargement et de déchargement. Referring to Figure 12, a cutaway view of a LNG tank 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship. The wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealed barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealed barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary watertight barrier and secondary watertight barrier and entered secondary watertight barrier and double hull 72. In a manner known per se, loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a marine or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71. FIG. 12 represents an example of a marine terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77. The loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed off-shore installation comprising an arm mobile 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74. The movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 that can connect to the loading / unloading pipes 73. The movable arm 74 can be adapted to all gauges of LNG carriers . A connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78. The loading and unloading station 75 enables the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77. liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting lines 81 connected by the underwater line 76 to the loading or unloading station 75. The underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the onshore installation 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the tanker vessel 70 at great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
Pour engendrer la pression nécessaire au transfert du gaz liquéfié, on met en œuvre des pompes embarquées dans le navire 70 et/ou des pompes équipant l'installation à terre 77 et/ou des pompes équipant le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75. Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en liaison avec plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre de l'invention. To generate the pressure necessary for the transfer of the liquefied gas, pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps equipping the shore installation 77 and / or pumps equipping the loading and unloading station 75 are used. Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is quite obvious that it is in no way limited thereto and that it comprises all the technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations if these enter in the context of the invention.
L'usage du verbe « comporter », « comprendre » ou « inclure » et de ses formes conjuguées n'exclut pas la présence d'autres éléments ou d'autres étapes que ceux énoncés dans une revendication. L'usage de l'article indéfini « un » ou « une » pour un élément ou une étape n'exclut pas, sauf mention contraire, la présence d'une pluralité de tels éléments ou étapes. The use of the verb "to include", "to understand" or "to include" and its conjugated forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps other than those set out in a claim. The use of the indefinite article "a" or "A" for an element or a step does not exclude, unless otherwise stated, the presence of a plurality of such elements or steps.
Dans les revendications, tout signe de référence entre parenthèses ne saurait être interprété comme une limitation de la revendication. In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses can not be interpreted as a limitation of the claim.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Paroi, étanche et thermiquement isolante, pour cuve de stockage de fluide comportant: 1. Wall, waterproof and thermally insulating, for fluid storage tank comprising:
• un panneau calorifuge (1 ) présentant une face interne et une périphérie ; et · une plaque étanche (7) présentant une face interne, destinée à être en contact avec le fluide contenu dans la cuve, et une face externe ancrée sur la face interne du panneau (1 ) au niveau d'une pluralité de zones d'ancrage (14), ladite plaque étanche (7) comportant au moins une ondulation (8 ; 9), saillante du côté de la face interne de la plaque étanche (7), s'étendant selon une direction di (x ; y) ;dans laquelle :  • a heat insulating panel (1) having an inner face and a periphery; and a sealing plate (7) presenting an internal face intended to be in contact with the fluid contained in the tank, and an external face anchored on the internal face of the panel (1) at a plurality of zones of anchoring (14), said sealing plate (7) having at least one undulation (8; 9) protruding on the inner face side of the sealing plate (7), extending in a direction di (x; y); in which :
• la face interne du panneau calorifuge (1 ) comporte, entre deux zones d'ancrage adjacentes (14) disposées de part et d'autre de ladite ondulation (8 ; 9), une fente de relaxation (15 ; 16) présentant un axe s'étendant selon la direction di (x, y) de sorte à permettre une déformation de l'ondulation transversalement à la direction di (x, y) ; et  The inner face of the heat-insulating panel (1) comprises, between two adjacent anchoring zones (14) disposed on either side of said corrugation (8; 9), a relaxation slot (15; 16) having an axis extending in the direction di (x, y) so as to allow a deformation of the corrugation transversely to the direction di (x, y); and
• la fente de relaxation (15 ; 16) présente une longueur inférieure à la dimension du panneau calorifuge (1 ) dans l'axe de la fente de relaxation (15 ; 16) et ne s'étend pas jusqu'à la périphérie du panneau calorifuge (1 ).  • the relaxation slot (15; 16) has a length less than the dimension of the heat insulating panel (1) in the axis of the relaxation slot (15; 16) and does not extend to the periphery of the panel insulation (1).
2. Paroi selon la revendication 1 , dans laquelle la fente de relaxation (15 ; 16) est une fente traversante qui débouche sur la face externe du panneau calorifuge (1 ).  2. Wall according to claim 1, wherein the relaxation slot (15; 16) is a through slot which opens on the outer face of the heat insulating panel (1).
3. Paroi selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle la fente de relaxation (15 ; 16) est une fente borgne ne débouchant pas sur la face externe du panneau et comportant des extrémités (17, 18) présentant un congé.  3. Wall according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the relaxation slot (15; 16) is a blind slot not opening on the outer face of the panel and having ends (17, 18) having a fillet.
4. Paroi selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle la fente de relaxation (15 ; 16) s'étend en vis-à-vis de l'ondulation (8 ; 9).  4. Wall according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the relaxation slot (15; 16) extends vis-à-vis the corrugation (8; 9).
5. Paroi selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans laquelle la plaque étanche (7) comporte une ondulation (9 ; 8) s'étendant selon une direction d2 (y ; x) perpendiculaire à la direction di (x ; y), la face interne du panneau calorifuge (1 ) comportant, entre deux zones d'ancrage adjacentes (14) s'étendant de part et d'autre de ladite ondulation (9 ; 8) s'étendant selon la direction d2 (y ; x), une fente de relaxation (16 ; 15) présentant un axe s'étendant selon la direction d2 (y ; x) et présentant une longueur inférieure à la dimension du panneau calorifuge dans l'axe de ladite fente de relaxation (16 ; 15). 5. Wall according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the sealed plate (7) comprises a corrugation (9; 8) extending in a direction d 2 (y; x) perpendicular to the direction di (x y), the inner face of the heat-insulating panel (1) comprising, between two adjacent anchoring zones (14) extending on either side of said corrugation (9; 8) extending in the direction d 2 (y; x), a relaxation slot (16; 15) having an axis extending in the direction d 2 (y; x) and having a length less than the dimension of the lagging panel in the axis of said slot of relaxation (16; 15).
6. Paroi selon la revendication 5, dans laquelle la plaque étanche (7) comporte une première série d'ondulations (15 ; 16) s'étendant selon la direction di (x ; y) et une seconde série d'ondulations (16 ; 15) s'étendant selon la direction d2 (y ; x), la face externe de la plaque étanche (7) étant ancrée sur la face interne du panneau calorifuge (1 ) au niveau d'une pluralité de zones d'ancrage (14) disposées entre des ondulations ( 5, 16) de la première et de la seconde séries, la face interne du panneau calorifuge (1 ) comportant, entre chaque couple de zones d'ancrage (14) adjacentes s'étendant de part et d'autre d'une ondulation (15, 16), une fente de relaxation (8, 9), présentant un axe qui s'étend selon la direction di (x ; y) ou d2 (y ; x) de ladite ondulation, et présentant une longueur inférieure à la dimension du panneau calorifuge (1 ) dans l'axe de ladite fente de relaxation (8, 9). 6. Wall according to claim 5, wherein the waterproof plate (7) comprises a first series of corrugations (15; 16) extending in the direction di (x; y) and a second series of corrugations (16; 15) extending in the direction d 2 (y; x), the outer face of the sealing plate (7) being anchored to the inner face of the heat-insulating panel (1) at a plurality of anchoring zones ( 14) arranged between corrugations (5, 16) of the first and second series, the inner face of the heat insulating panel (1) having, between each pair of adjacent anchoring zones (14) extending from one side to the other. other of an undulation (15, 16), a relaxation slot (8, 9) having an axis extending in the di (x; y) or d 2 (y; x) direction of said undulation, and having a length less than the dimension of the heat insulating panel (1) in the axis of said relaxation slot (8, 9).
7. Paroi selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle une fente de relaxation (15, 16) présente une longueur correspondant à la distance entre deux intersections (10) d'ondulations (8, 9) dans la direction di (x ; y) ou d2 (y ; x) de la fente de relaxation (15, 16). 7. Wall according to claim 6, wherein a relaxation slot (15, 16) has a length corresponding to the distance between two intersections (10) of corrugations (8, 9) in the direction di (x; y) or d 2 (y; x) of the relaxation slot (15, 16).
8. Paroi selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, dans laquelle les zones d'ancrage (14) sont alignées le long de deux bords sécants (12, 13) de la plaque métallique (7).  8. Wall according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the anchoring zones (14) are aligned along two intersecting edges (12, 13) of the metal plate (7).
9. Paroi selon la revendication 8, dans laquelle une fente de relaxation (15, 16), adjacente à l'intersection entre les alignements de zones d'ancrage (14), présente une portion additionnelle (17, 18) s'étendant dans une direction d3 médiane aux directions di (x ; y) ou d2 (y ; x). 9. Wall according to claim 8, wherein a relaxation slot (15, 16), adjacent to the intersection between the alignments of anchoring zones (14), has an additional portion (17, 18) extending in a direction d 3 median in directions di (x; y) or d 2 (y; x).
10. Paroi selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, dans laquelle la plaque étanche (7) est une plaque métallique et dans laquelle la face interne du panneau calorifuge (1 ) comporte, au niveau des zones d'ancrages (14), des platines métalliques d'ancrage permettant le soudage de la plaque étanche (7) sur le panneau calorifuge (1 ).  10. Wall according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the waterproof plate (7) is a metal plate and wherein the inner face of the heat insulating panel (1) comprises, at the anchoring zones (14). , anchoring metal plates for welding the sealing plate (7) on the heat insulating panel (1).
11. Paroi selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, dans laquelle le panneau calorifuge (1 ) comporte une couche de mousse polymère isolante (2) prise en sandwich entre deux plaques de bois contreplaqué (3, 4).  11. Wall according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the heat insulating panel (1) comprises a layer of insulating polymer foam (2) sandwiched between two plywood plates (3, 4).
12. Paroi selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 1 1 , dans laquelle le panneau calorifuge (1 ) constitue une barrière isolante primaire de la paroi, la paroi comportant en outre une barrière étanche et isolante secondaire, le panneau calorifuge (1 ) étant attaché sur la barrière étanche et isolante secondaire par un organe d'attache coopérant avec une zone médiane du panneau (1), distante des bords du panneau (1 ). 12. Wall according to any one of claims 1 to 1 1, wherein the heat insulating panel (1) is a primary insulating barrier of the wall, the wall further comprising a secondary waterproof and insulating barrier, the heat insulating panel (1). being attached to the secondary waterproof and insulating barrier by a fastener cooperating with a central zone of the panel (1), distant from the edges of the panel (1).
13. Paroi selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, dans laquelle le panneau calorifuge (1 ) comporte, dans une zone centrale, des organes de fixation à une structure porteuse.  13. Wall according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the heat insulating panel (1) comprises, in a central zone, fixing members to a supporting structure.
14. Cuve de stockage de fluide comportant une structure porteuse et au moins une paroi selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13 fixée sur la structure porteuse.  14. Fluid storage tank comprising a supporting structure and at least one wall according to one of claims 1 to 13 attached to the carrier structure.
15. Navire (70) pour le transport d'un fluide, le navire comportant une double coque (72) formant la structure porteuse et une cuve (71 ) selon la revendication 14, disposée dans la double coque.  15. Vessel (70) for the transport of a fluid, the ship having a double shell (72) forming the carrier structure and a vessel (71) according to claim 14, disposed in the double hull.
16. Utilisation d'un navire (70) selon la revendication 16, dans laquelle on achemine un fluide à travers des canalisations isolées (73, 79, 76, 81 ) depuis ou vers une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre (77) vers ou depuis la cuve du navire (71 ) afin de charger ou décharger le navire.  The use of a ship (70) according to claim 16, wherein a fluid is conveyed through insulated ducts (73, 79, 76, 81) to or from a floating or land storage facility (77) to or from from the vessel vessel (71) to load or unload the vessel.
17. Système de transfert pour un fluide, le système comportant un navire (70) selon la revendication 15, des canalisations isolées (73, 79, 76, 81 ) agencées de manière à relier la cuve (71 ) installée dans la coque du navire à une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre (77) et une pompe pour entraîner un flux de fluide à travers les canalisations isolées depuis ou vers l'installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire.  17. Transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising a ship (70) according to claim 15, insulated pipes (73, 79, 76, 81) arranged to connect the tank (71) installed in the hull of the ship. a floating or land storage facility (77) and a pump for driving a fluid flow through the isolated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
EP14705850.7A 2013-02-14 2014-01-30 Fluidtight and thermal insulated wall for storage tank for fluids Active EP2956352B8 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1351263A FR3001945B1 (en) 2013-02-14 2013-02-14 WATERPROOF AND THERMALLY INSULATING WALL FOR FLUID STORAGE TANK
PCT/FR2014/050169 WO2014125186A1 (en) 2013-02-14 2014-01-30 Sealed and thermally insulating wall for a tank for storing fluid

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JP (1) JP6368325B2 (en)
KR (1) KR102055347B1 (en)
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AU2014217705A1 (en) 2015-08-13
AU2014217705B2 (en) 2016-04-07
PT2956352T (en) 2017-06-22
KR20150119305A (en) 2015-10-23
US10876687B2 (en) 2020-12-29
RU2631746C2 (en) 2017-09-26
ES2629034T3 (en) 2017-08-07
EP2956352B1 (en) 2017-04-12
RU2015135600A (en) 2017-03-20
FR3001945A1 (en) 2014-08-15
JP2016511815A (en) 2016-04-21
SG11201505985RA (en) 2015-09-29
US20150354756A1 (en) 2015-12-10
EP2956352B8 (en) 2017-11-29
JP6368325B2 (en) 2018-08-01
KR102055347B1 (en) 2020-01-22
MY175331A (en) 2020-06-19
WO2014125186A1 (en) 2014-08-21
PL2956352T3 (en) 2017-09-29
FR3001945B1 (en) 2017-04-28
CN104955722A (en) 2015-09-30
CN104955722B (en) 2017-07-11

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