EP2956348A1 - Monitoring of coupling elements of a vehicle - Google Patents

Monitoring of coupling elements of a vehicle

Info

Publication number
EP2956348A1
EP2956348A1 EP14705070.2A EP14705070A EP2956348A1 EP 2956348 A1 EP2956348 A1 EP 2956348A1 EP 14705070 A EP14705070 A EP 14705070A EP 2956348 A1 EP2956348 A1 EP 2956348A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vehicle
coupling element
stored
relative movements
monitored
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14705070.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2956348B1 (en
Inventor
Jochen Ringswirth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Mobility Austria GmbH
Original Assignee
Siemens AG Oesterreich
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG Oesterreich filed Critical Siemens AG Oesterreich
Publication of EP2956348A1 publication Critical patent/EP2956348A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2956348B1 publication Critical patent/EP2956348B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/50—Other details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
    • B61G7/00—Details or accessories
    • B61G7/14—Safety devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61K11/00—Serving peculiar to locomotives, e.g. filling with, or emptying of, water, sand, or the like at the depots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or vehicle train for signalling purposes ; On-board control or communication systems
    • B61L15/0018—Communication with or on the vehicle or vehicle train
    • B61L15/0027—Radio-based, e.g. using GSM-R
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or vehicle train for signalling purposes ; On-board control or communication systems
    • B61L15/0081—On-board diagnosis or maintenance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or vehicle train for signalling purposes ; On-board control or communication systems
    • B61L15/0054—Train integrity supervision, e.g. end-of-train [EOT] devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for monitoring coupling elements of a vehicle. State of the art
  • Coupling elements of a vehicle are subject to wear or aging. Neither the wear nor the aging of the coupling elements can be avoided during operation of the vehicle with the current state of the art. Therefore, these coupling elements must be replaced at regular intervals or after a certain mileage of the vehicle as part of a revision.
  • the wear or aging of such coupling elements has an influence on their material properties. Three main causes of the change in these material properties are the progressive time, the environmental influences and the mechanical stress. These three main causes lead to a total damage of the coupling elements, which is different for each coupling element.
  • Coupling elements of a vehicle are subject to a large spectrum of mechanical loads. These mechanical loads depend on the respective operating mode as well as the condition of the routes traveled by the vehicle. In addition, the three main causes for the change in material properties show a non-linear damage behavior, so that it is not possible to forecast the expected total damage.
  • the date of the revision is not due to the actual total damage of the Set coupling elements, but on the basis of a certain mileage of the vehicle, after a certain period of time since a previous revision, or a combination thereof.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and apparatus for monitoring coupling elements of a vehicle to determine their mission suitability.
  • this object is achieved by a method in which at least one relevant relative direction of motion is determined for a coupling element to be monitored, relative movements are measured and stored along the relevant relative direction of movement of the coupling element to be monitored, and an evaluation of the stored relative movements takes place.
  • Coupling elements can be designed in a variety of designs.
  • the relevant directions of relative movement are determined as a function of the design of the coupling elements and of the forces acting on the coupling element.
  • the relative movements along the at least one relevant direction of relative movement of the coupling element to be monitored are measured and stored.
  • the stored relative movements are then evaluated.
  • the coupling elements perform mechanical movements through relative movements, which lead to damage to the coupling elements.
  • the advantage of the method according to the invention results from the fact that it can be determined by measuring and evaluating these relative movements whether the coupling elements still meet the requirements or how far the damage to the coupling elements has progressed. This means that the use of the coupling elements in the vehicle can also be determined at any time apart from a revision and, if necessary, an exchange of damaged coupling elements can be promptly initiated as part of a revision.
  • a further advantage of the method according to the invention is that, in the context of a revision, only those coupling elements of the vehicle are exchanged, on which a damage has actually been determined by the method according to the invention.
  • the relative movements of the coupling element to be monitored are measured and stored by means of a respective sensor arranged along the relevant relative movement direction and a receiver.
  • the distance between the transmitter and the receiver along the relevant direction of relative movement is variable.
  • all relative movements in the relevant direction of relative movement can be measured and stored.
  • the number of those relative movements of the coupling element to be monitored is stored, which are above a predetermined threshold.
  • each relative movement of the coupling element which lies above the threshold value, is counted equally as a normalized unit. Relative movements of the coupling element, which are below the threshold, are not counted. This type of count provides information about the number of relative movements which are greater than the threshold value.
  • the sensitivity of the method according to the invention can be adjusted, and relative movements of the coupling element, which do not significantly contribute to a damage of the coupling element, can be filtered out.
  • a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the evaluation of the stored relative movements of the coupling element to be monitored takes place by comparing the number with at least one predetermined limit value.
  • the stored relative movements are transmitted without contact to a receiving unit.
  • the stored relative movements can also be transmitted during operation of the vehicle or while driving to the receiving unit.
  • the evaluation of the stored relative movements of the coupling element to be monitored is preferably carried out after respectively substantially equal time intervals or after each substantially the same mileage of the vehicle.
  • the damage to the coupling element can be determined.
  • the threshold value and / or the limit value are preferably determined on the basis of test drive data or on the basis of simulations of the vehicle.
  • the threshold value and / or the limit value or the limit values which correspond to different damage levels of the coupling element to be examined can be created on the basis of the analysis of measurement travel data in combination of damage models.
  • a last limit value is set such that when the number of relative movements of the coupling element exceeds this limit value, the coupling element due to a damage no longer meets the requirements for use in vehicles.
  • the coupling elements to be monitored are preferably designed as spring elements, connecting elements or combinations thereof.
  • the term coupling element is to be understood as meaning combinations of two spring elements, two connecting elements, one spring element and one connecting element, or also any desired combinations of a plurality of spring elements, connecting elements or both.
  • the vehicle is preferably designed as a rail vehicle.
  • unnecessary revisions of the rail vehicles can be prevented.
  • this is advantageous because revisions of rail vehicles can only be performed with a relatively high technical complexity.
  • the corresponding rail vehicle is not available for normal operation during the period of the revision.
  • the revision time is preferably determined as a result of the evaluation of the stored relative movements of the coupling elements to be monitored.
  • the accuracy of the method according to the invention can be continuously improved. It can thus be used to generate a learning process.
  • the results can also be incorporated in new developments of coupling elements.
  • Another object of the invention is a device system for monitoring a built-in vehicle coupling element comprising
  • a transmitter and a slave whose distance can be varied along a relevant direction of movement of the coupling element, the transmitter and / or the slave being fixed to the component or to the coupling element,
  • the coupling element carries out relative movements in the at least one relevant direction of relative movement
  • the encoder and / or the slave also carry out these relative movements with respect to one another.
  • the relative movements of the coupling element to be monitored are measured along the at least one relevant direction of relative movement, stored and sent to the receiving unit. Thus, all relative movements in the relevant direction of relative movement can be measured and stored.
  • Encoder is fixed to the coupling element and slave is fixed to the component
  • Encoder is fixed to the component and slave is fixed to the coupling element
  • the data stored in the receiver can thus be transmitted without contact to the receiving unit located outside the vehicle.
  • the receiving unit is fixedly installed in such a way that the stored data in the receiver can be transmitted without contact to the receiving unit in the case of a vehicle passing by at the receiving unit.
  • FIG. 1 shows, by way of example and schematically, a coupling element 1 designed as a helical spring.
  • FIG. 2 shows by way of example and schematically a coupling element 1 designed as a cone spring.
  • FIG. 3 shows, by way of example and schematically, a non-contact transmission of data to a receiving unit 6 while a vehicle 7 is being driven.
  • a coupling element 1 designed as a helical spring is shown by way of example and schematically.
  • a decisive relative direction of movement 2 is determined.
  • an encoder 3 and a slave 4 are fixed.
  • the distance between encoder 3 and slave 4 can be varied in the relevant direction of relative movement 2. For example, this distance is increased by tensile forces exerted on the helical spring in the relevant direction of relative movement 2 or by force exerted on the helical spring in the relevant direction of relative movement 2. te pressure forces reduced. If the coupling element 1 executes relative movements in the direction of the relevant relative movement direction 2, then the encoder 3 and / or the slave 4 also execute these relative movements.
  • the data stored in the receiver 4 are sent by means of a transmitting unit 5 to a receiving unit 6. Subsequently, the transmitted data are evaluated.
  • the data is evaluated by comparing the number of relative movements above the threshold with at least one predetermined limit.
  • This evaluation of the data is carried out in each case after substantially the same time intervals or after each substantially the same mileage of the coupling element 1, for example in a vehicle 7 shown in FIG 3 It is the assumption that within this same time intervals or after each same mileage of the vehicle. 7 the forces acting on the coupling element 1 are the same on average. If the comparison reveals that the number of relative movements of the coupling element 1 above the threshold exceeds the limit, a revision time for the vehicle 7 is determined. By means of the evaluation of the stored relative movements of the coupling element 1 to be monitored, an analysis of the operating mode of the vehicle 7 shown in FIG. 3 is also carried out, in particular with regard to operational loads of the coupling element 1.
  • the accuracy of the method according to the invention can be continuously improved. It can thus be used to generate a learning process.
  • the results can also be incorporated into new developments of coupling elements 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows, by way of example and schematically, a coupling element 1 designed as a cone spring.
  • the sensor 3 is arranged on the coupling element 1.
  • the recipient 4 with the transmitting unit 5 is arranged on the component 9.
  • the distance between the encoder 3 and the slave 4 can be varied along the relevant direction of relative movement 2.
  • the relative movements of the coupling element 1 are stored, which are transmitted from the transmitting unit 5 to the receiving unit 6.
  • FIG. 3 shows, by way of example and schematically, the application of the method according to the invention to a vehicle 7 designed as a rail vehicle with non-contact transmission of the data by means of the transmitting units 5 to the receiving unit 6 while the rail vehicle is traveling in the direction of travel 8.
  • coupling elements 1 can be monitored and their suitability for use in one Vehicle 7 are determined.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for monitoring coupling elements (1) of a vehicle (7), according to which at least one representative direction of relative movement (2) is determined for a coupling element (1) to be monitored and relative movements in the representative direction (2) of movement of the coupling element (1) to be monitored are measured and stored. The stored relative movements are then evaluated. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method according to the invention. Coupling elements (1) can thus be monitored and their suitability for use in a vehicle (7) can be determined.

Description

Titel title
Überwachung von Koppelelementen eines Fahrzeugs Technisches Gebiet Monitoring of coupling elements of a vehicle Technical field
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Überwachung von Koppelelementen eines Fahrzeugs. Stand der Technik The invention relates to a method and a device for monitoring coupling elements of a vehicle. State of the art
Koppelelemente eines Fahrzeugs, beispielsweise Federelemente oder Verbindungselemente, unterliegen einer Abnutzung beziehungsweise einer Alterung. Weder die Abnutzung noch die Alte- rung der Koppelelemente sind beim Betrieb des Fahrzeugs mit dem heutigen Stand der Technik vermeidbar. Daher müssen diese Koppelelemente in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen oder nach einer bestimmen Kilometerleistung des Fahrzeugs im Rahmen einer Revision ausgetauscht werden. Die Abnutzung beziehungsweise Al- terung solcher Koppelelemente hat Einfluss auf deren Materialeigenschaften. Drei Hauptursachen für die Änderung dieser Materialeigenschaften sind die fortschreitende Zeit, die einwirkenden Umwelteinflüsse und die mechanische Belastung. Diese drei Hauptursachen führen zu einer Gesamtschädigung der Koppelelemente, welche für jedes Koppelelement unterschiedlich ist. Coupling elements of a vehicle, for example spring elements or connecting elements, are subject to wear or aging. Neither the wear nor the aging of the coupling elements can be avoided during operation of the vehicle with the current state of the art. Therefore, these coupling elements must be replaced at regular intervals or after a certain mileage of the vehicle as part of a revision. The wear or aging of such coupling elements has an influence on their material properties. Three main causes of the change in these material properties are the progressive time, the environmental influences and the mechanical stress. These three main causes lead to a total damage of the coupling elements, which is different for each coupling element.
Koppelelemente eines Fahrzeuges unterliegen einem großen Spektrum an mechanischen Belastungen. Diese mechanischen Be- lastungen sind von der jeweiligen Betriebsart sowie vom Zustand der mit dem Fahrzeug befahrenen Strecken abhängig. Zusätzlich weisen die drei Hauptursachen für die Änderung der Materialeigenschaften ein nichtlineares Schädigungsverhalten auf, so dass eine Prognose der zu erwartenden Gesamtschädi- gung nicht möglich ist. Coupling elements of a vehicle are subject to a large spectrum of mechanical loads. These mechanical loads depend on the respective operating mode as well as the condition of the routes traveled by the vehicle. In addition, the three main causes for the change in material properties show a non-linear damage behavior, so that it is not possible to forecast the expected total damage.
Nach dem Stand der Technik wird daher der Zeitpunkt der Revision nicht auf Grund der tatsächlichen Gesamtschädigung der Koppelelemente festgelegt, sondern auf Grund einer bestimmten Kilometerleistung des Fahrzeugs, nach Ablauf einer bestimmten Zeitspanne seit einer vorangegangenen Revision, oder einer Kombination daraus . According to the prior art, therefore, the date of the revision is not due to the actual total damage of the Set coupling elements, but on the basis of a certain mileage of the vehicle, after a certain period of time since a previous revision, or a combination thereof.
Demzufolge besteht die Möglichkeit, dass im Rahmen einer Revision Koppelelemente des Fahrzeugs getauscht werden, welche noch im Fahrzeug einsetzbar wären. Es besteht auch die Möglichkeit, dass sich Koppelelemente eines Fahrzeugs im Einsatz befinden, welche auf Grund ihrer Gesamtschädigung nicht mehr den Erfordernissen genügen. Consequently, there is the possibility that as part of a revision coupling elements of the vehicle are exchanged, which would still be used in the vehicle. There is also the possibility that coupling elements of a vehicle are in use, which no longer meet the requirements due to their total damage.
Zusammenfassung der Erfindung Summary of the invention
Technische Aufgabe  Technical task
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Überwachung von Koppelelementen eines Fahrzeugs zur Feststellung deren Einsatzeignung bereitzustellen . The invention has for its object to provide a method and apparatus for monitoring coupling elements of a vehicle to determine their mission suitability.
Technische Lösung Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe gelöst durch ein Verfahren, bei dem für ein zu überwachendes Koppelelement zumindest eine maßgebliche Relativbewegungsrichtung bestimmt wird, Relativbewegungen entlang der maßgeblichen Relativbewegungsrichtung des zu überwachenden Koppelelements gemessen und ge- speichert werden, und eine Auswertung der gespeicherten Relativbewegungen erfolgt. Technical Solution According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method in which at least one relevant relative direction of motion is determined for a coupling element to be monitored, relative movements are measured and stored along the relevant relative direction of movement of the coupling element to be monitored, and an evaluation of the stored relative movements takes place.
Koppelelemente können in den verschiedensten Bauformen ausgeführt sein. Die maßgeblichen Relativbewegungsrichtungen wer- den in Abhängigkeit der Bauform der Koppelelemente und der betriebsmäßig auf das Koppelelement einwirkenden Kräfte bestimmt. Für das zu überwachende Koppelelement kann nur eine Relativbewegungsrichtung als maßgeblich bestimmt werden, es können aber auch mehrere maßgebliche Relativbewegungsrichtun- gen pro Koppelement bestimmt werden. Coupling elements can be designed in a variety of designs. The relevant directions of relative movement are determined as a function of the design of the coupling elements and of the forces acting on the coupling element. For the coupling element to be monitored, only one direction of relative movement can be determined to be decisive however, it is also possible to determine a plurality of relevant relative movement directions per coupling element.
Die Relativbewegungen entlang der zumindest einen maßgebli- chen Relativbewegungsrichtung des zu überwachenden Koppelelements werden gemessen und gespeichert. Die gespeicherten Relativbewegungen werden anschließend ausgewertet. The relative movements along the at least one relevant direction of relative movement of the coupling element to be monitored are measured and stored. The stored relative movements are then evaluated.
Die Koppelelemente führen durch mechanische Belastung Rela- tivbewegungen aus, welche zu einer Schädigung der Koppelelemente führen. The coupling elements perform mechanical movements through relative movements, which lead to damage to the coupling elements.
Der Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ergibt sich dadurch, dass durch Messung und Auswertung dieser Relativbewe- gungen festgestellt werden kann, ob die Koppelelemente noch den Erfordernissen genügen, beziehungsweise wie weit die Schädigung der Koppelelemente fortgeschritten ist. Damit kann auch abseits einer Revision jederzeit die Einsatzeignung der Koppelelemente im Fahrzeug bestimmt werden und gegebenenfalls rasch ein Austausch von geschädigten Koppelelementen im Rahmen einer Revision veranlasst werden. The advantage of the method according to the invention results from the fact that it can be determined by measuring and evaluating these relative movements whether the coupling elements still meet the requirements or how far the damage to the coupling elements has progressed. This means that the use of the coupling elements in the vehicle can also be determined at any time apart from a revision and, if necessary, an exchange of damaged coupling elements can be promptly initiated as part of a revision.
Ein weiterer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist, dass im Rahmen einer Revision nur jene Koppelelemente des Fahrzeugs getauscht werden, an welchen auch tatsächlich eine Schädigung durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren festgestellt wurde . A further advantage of the method according to the invention is that, in the context of a revision, only those coupling elements of the vehicle are exchanged, on which a damage has actually been determined by the method according to the invention.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden die Relativbewegungen des zu überwachenden Koppelelements mittels jeweils eines entlang der maßgeblichen Relativbewegungsrichtung angeordneten Gebers und eines Nehmers gemessen und gespeichert. Der Abstand des Gebers und des Nehmers entlang der maßgeblichen Relativbewegungsrichtung ist variierbar. Damit können sämtliche Relativbewegungen in der maßgeblichen Relativbewegungsrichtung gemessen und gespeichert werden. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird die Anzahl jener Relativbewegungen des zu überwachenden Koppelelements gespeichert, die über einen vorher festgelegten Schwellenwert liegen. In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the relative movements of the coupling element to be monitored are measured and stored by means of a respective sensor arranged along the relevant relative movement direction and a receiver. The distance between the transmitter and the receiver along the relevant direction of relative movement is variable. Thus, all relative movements in the relevant direction of relative movement can be measured and stored. In a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the number of those relative movements of the coupling element to be monitored is stored, which are above a predetermined threshold.
Es wird dabei jede Relativbewegung des Koppelelements, welche über dem Schwellenwert liegt, gleichwertig als normierte Einheit gezählt. Relativbewegungen des Koppelelements, welche unter dem Schwellenwert liegen, werden nicht gezählt. Diese Art der Zählung gibt Auskunft über die Anzahl der Relativbewegungen, welche größer als der Schwellenwert sind. In this case, each relative movement of the coupling element, which lies above the threshold value, is counted equally as a normalized unit. Relative movements of the coupling element, which are below the threshold, are not counted. This type of count provides information about the number of relative movements which are greater than the threshold value.
Damit kann die Empfindlichkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens eingestellt werden, und Relativbewegungen des Koppelele- ments, welche nicht maßgeblich zu einer Schädigung des Koppelelements beitragen, können herausgefiltert werden. Thus, the sensitivity of the method according to the invention can be adjusted, and relative movements of the coupling element, which do not significantly contribute to a damage of the coupling element, can be filtered out.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auswertung der ge- speicherten Relativbewegungen des zu überwachenden Koppelelements durch Vergleichen der Anzahl mit zumindest einem vorher festgelegten Grenzwert erfolgt. A preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the evaluation of the stored relative movements of the coupling element to be monitored takes place by comparing the number with at least one predetermined limit value.
Übersteigt die Anzahl der gespeicherten Relativbewegungen zu- mindest einen der vorher festgelegten Grenzwerte, so deutet dies darauf hin, dass das Koppelelement auf Grund seiner Schädigung nicht mehr den Erfordernissen entspricht. If the number of stored relative movements exceeds at least one of the previously defined limit values, this indicates that the coupling element no longer meets the requirements due to its damage.
Die gespeicherten Relativbewegungen werden berührungslos zu einer Empfangseinheit übertragen. The stored relative movements are transmitted without contact to a receiving unit.
Damit können die gespeicherten Relativbewegungen auch während des Betriebs des Fahrzeugs beziehungsweise während der Fahrt zur Empfangseinheit übertragen werden. Thus, the stored relative movements can also be transmitted during operation of the vehicle or while driving to the receiving unit.
Die Auswertung der gespeicherten Relativbewegungen des zu überwachenden Koppelelements erfolgt vorzugsweise nach jeweils im Wesentlichen gleichlangen Zeitintervallen oder nach jeweils im Wesentlichen gleicher Kilometerleistung des Fahrzeugs . The evaluation of the stored relative movements of the coupling element to be monitored is preferably carried out after respectively substantially equal time intervals or after each substantially the same mileage of the vehicle.
Es gilt die Annahme, dass innerhalb dieser gleichlangen Zeit- Intervalle beziehungsweise nach jeweils gleichen Kilometerleistungen des Fahrzeugs die auf das Koppelelement einwirkenden Kräfte im Mittel gleich groß sind. The assumption is that within these equal time intervals or after each same mileage of the vehicle, the forces acting on the coupling element forces are equal in average.
Durch Vergleich der zu den jeweiligen Zeitpunkten beziehungs- weise der nach der jeweiligen Kilometerleistung gespeicherten Relativbewegungen mit vor diesen jeweiligen Zeitpunkten beziehungsweise vor dieser jeweiligen Kilometerleistung gespeicherten Relativbewegungen kann die Schädigung des Koppelelement bestimmt werden. By comparing the relative movements stored at the respective times or the respective mileage with relative movements stored before these respective times or before the respective mileage, the damage to the coupling element can be determined.
Vorzugsweise wird der Schwellenwert und/oder der Grenzwert auf Basis von Messfahrtdaten, oder aufgrund von Simulationen des Fahrzeuges festgelegt. Der Schwellenwert und/oder der Grenzwert, beziehungsweise die Grenzwerte, welche unterschiedlichen Schädigungsstufen des zu untersuchenden Koppelelements entsprechen, können auf Basis der Analyse von Messfahrtdaten in Kombination von Schädigungsmodellen erstellt werden. The threshold value and / or the limit value are preferably determined on the basis of test drive data or on the basis of simulations of the vehicle. The threshold value and / or the limit value or the limit values which correspond to different damage levels of the coupling element to be examined can be created on the basis of the analysis of measurement travel data in combination of damage models.
Es ist auch möglich, Messfahrten des Fahrzeugs virtuell nach zu simulieren, um so die Grenzwerte rein virtuell zu generieren . Bei der Messfahrt des Fahrzeugs werden die Relativbewegungen des zu überwachenden Koppelelements ausgewertet und der Schwellenwert wird derart festgelegt, dass nur diejenigen Relativbewegungen des Koppelelements gespeichert werden, die maßgeblich zu einer Schädigung desselben beitragen. Die Grenzwerte, welche den unterschiedlichen Schädigungsstufen entsprechen, werden derart festgelegt, dass, wenn die Anzahl der Relativbewegungen des Koppelelements diese Grenzwerte übersteigt, der Status des Bauteiles bezüglich dessen Einsatzeignung herabgestuft wird. So besitzt jedes Koppelement einen Lebensdauer- beziehungsweise Einsatzeignungsstatus, wodurch eine genaue Planung der Revisionsintervalle und somit eine optimale Bauteilausnützung erfolgen kann. It is also possible to virtually simulate test drives of the vehicle in order to generate the limit values in a purely virtual manner. During the test drive of the vehicle, the relative movements of the coupling element to be monitored are evaluated and the threshold value is set in such a way that only those relative movements of the coupling element are stored which significantly contribute to the damage thereof. The limit values which correspond to the different damage levels are determined such that, if the number of relative movements of the coupling element exceeds these limits, the status of the component with respect to it Mission suitability is downgraded. Thus, each coupling element has a service life or insertion suitability status, as a result of which precise planning of the inspection intervals and thus optimum utilization of the components can take place.
Ein letzter Grenzwert wird derart festgelegt, dass, wenn die Anzahl der Relativbewegungen des Koppelelements diesen Grenz wert übersteigt, das Koppelelement auf Grund einer Schädigun nicht mehr den Erfordernissen beim Einsatz in Fahrzeugen genügt . A last limit value is set such that when the number of relative movements of the coupling element exceeds this limit value, the coupling element due to a damage no longer meets the requirements for use in vehicles.
Die zu überwachenden Koppelelemente sind vorzugsweise als Federelemente, Verbindungselemente oder Kombinationen daraus ausgeführt. Beispielsweise sind unter dem Begriff Koppelelement Kombinationen aus zwei Federelementen, aus zwei Verbindungselementen, aus einem Federelement und einem Verbindungselement oder auch beliebige Kombinationen aus mehreren Federelementen, Verbindungselementen oder beiden zu verstehen. The coupling elements to be monitored are preferably designed as spring elements, connecting elements or combinations thereof. For example, the term coupling element is to be understood as meaning combinations of two spring elements, two connecting elements, one spring element and one connecting element, or also any desired combinations of a plurality of spring elements, connecting elements or both.
Das Fahrzeug ist vorzugsweise als Schienenfahrzeug ausgeführt. Mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens können unnötige Revisionen der Schienenfahrzeuge verhindert werden. Insbesondere ist dies deshalb von Vorteil, weil Revisionen von Schienenfahrzeugen nur mit einem relativ hohen technischen Aufwand durchgeführt werden können. Außerdem ist das entsprechende Schienenfahrzeug während der Zeitdauer der Revision nicht für den normalen Betrieb verfügbar. The vehicle is preferably designed as a rail vehicle. By means of the method according to the invention, unnecessary revisions of the rail vehicles can be prevented. In particular, this is advantageous because revisions of rail vehicles can only be performed with a relatively high technical complexity. In addition, the corresponding rail vehicle is not available for normal operation during the period of the revision.
Der Revisionszeitpunkt wird vorzugsweise als Ergebnis der Auswertung der gespeicherten Relativbewegungen der zu überwachenden Koppelelemente festgelegt. The revision time is preferably determined as a result of the evaluation of the stored relative movements of the coupling elements to be monitored.
Es kann daher zeitgenau ein Termin für eine Revision festgelegt werden. It is therefore possible to set an appointment for a revision on time.
Mittels der Auswertung der gespeicherten Relativbewegungen der zu überwachenden Koppelelemente erfolgt eine Analyse der Betriebsart, insbesondere hinsichtlich betriebsorientierter Belastungen der Koppelemente. By means of the evaluation of the stored relative movements of the coupling elements to be monitored, an analysis of the Operating mode, in particular with regard to operational loads of the coupling elements.
Mittels Einbindung der Ergebnisse dieser Analyse bei der Festlegung des Grenzwertes oder des Schwellenwertes kann die Genauigkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens laufend verbessert werden. Es kann damit ein lernender Prozess generiert werden. Zusätzlich können die Ergebnisse auch in Neuentwicklungen von Koppelelementen einfließen. By incorporating the results of this analysis in the determination of the limit value or the threshold value, the accuracy of the method according to the invention can be continuously improved. It can thus be used to generate a learning process. In addition, the results can also be incorporated in new developments of coupling elements.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Vorrichtungssystem zur Überwachung eines in einem Fahrzeug eingebauten Koppelelements umfassend Another object of the invention is a device system for monitoring a built-in vehicle coupling element comprising
- ein zwischen Bauteilen des Fahrzeugs angeordnetes Kop- pelelement,  a coupling element arranged between components of the vehicle,
- einen Geber und einen Nehmer, deren Abstand entlang einer maßgeblichen Bewegungsrichtung des Koppelelements variierbar ist, wobei der Geber und/oder der Nehmer am Bauteil oder am Koppelelement fixiert ist,  a transmitter and a slave whose distance can be varied along a relevant direction of movement of the coupling element, the transmitter and / or the slave being fixed to the component or to the coupling element,
- eine Sendeeinheit zum Senden von im Nehmer gespeicherten a transmitting unit for transmitting data stored in the slave
Daten und Data and
- eine außerhalb des Fahrzeugs angeordnete Empfangseinheit zum Empfang der von der Sendeeinheit gesendeten Daten. Führt das Koppelelement Relativbewegungen in der zumindest einer maßgeblichen Relativbewegungsrichtung aus, so führen auch Geber und/oder Nehmer diese Relativbewegungen zueinander aus . Mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtungssystems werden die Relativbewegungen des zu überwachenden Koppelelements entlang der zumindest einen maßgeblichen Relativbewegungsrichtung gemessen, gespeichert und zur Empfangseinheit gesendet. Damit können sämtliche Relativbewegungen in der maßgeblichen Relativbewegungsrichtung gemessen und gespeichert werden.  - A arranged outside the vehicle receiving unit for receiving the data sent by the transmitting unit. If the coupling element carries out relative movements in the at least one relevant direction of relative movement, then the encoder and / or the slave also carry out these relative movements with respect to one another. By means of the device system according to the invention, the relative movements of the coupling element to be monitored are measured along the at least one relevant direction of relative movement, stored and sent to the receiving unit. Thus, all relative movements in the relevant direction of relative movement can be measured and stored.
Folgende Anordnungen von Geber und Nehmer sind möglich: • Geber und Nehmer sind am Koppelelement fixiert The following arrangements of encoder and slave are possible: • Encoder and slave are fixed to the coupling element
• Geber ist am Koppelelement fixiert und Nehmer ist am Bauteil fixiert  • Encoder is fixed to the coupling element and slave is fixed to the component
• Geber ist am Bauteil fixiert und Nehmer ist am Koppelelement fixiert  • Encoder is fixed to the component and slave is fixed to the coupling element
• Geber und Nehmer sind am Bauteil fixiert  • Encoder and slave are fixed to the component
Die im Nehmer gespeicherten Daten können damit berührungslos zur außerhalb des Fahrzeugs angeordneten Empfangseinheit übertragen werden. Die Empfangseinheit ist derart ortsfest installiert, dass die gespeicherten Daten im Nehmer bei einem an der Empfangseinheit vorbeifahrenden Fahrzeug berührungslos zur Empfangseinheit übertragbar sind. The data stored in the receiver can thus be transmitted without contact to the receiving unit located outside the vehicle. The receiving unit is fixedly installed in such a way that the stored data in the receiver can be transmitted without contact to the receiving unit in the case of a vehicle passing by at the receiving unit.
Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnungen Brief description of the drawings
FIG 1 zeigt beispielhaft und schematisch ein als Schraubenfeder ausgeführtes Koppelelement 1. 1 shows, by way of example and schematically, a coupling element 1 designed as a helical spring.
FIG 2 zeigt beispielhaft und schematisch ein als Konusfeder ausgeführtes Koppelelement 1. 2 shows by way of example and schematically a coupling element 1 designed as a cone spring.
FIG 3 zeigt beispielhaft und schematisch eine berührungslose Übertragung von Daten zu einer Empfangseinheit 6 während der Fahrt eines Fahrzeugs 7. 3 shows, by way of example and schematically, a non-contact transmission of data to a receiving unit 6 while a vehicle 7 is being driven.
Beschreibung der Ausführungsformen Description of the embodiments
In FIG 1 ist beispielhaft und schematisch ein als Schraubenfeder ausgeführtes Koppelelement 1 dargestellt. Für das zu überwachendes Koppelelement 1 wird eine maßgebliche Relativ- bewegungsrichtung 2 bestimmt. Am Bauteil 9 sind ein Geber 3 und ein Nehmer 4 fixiert. Der Abstand zwischen Geber 3 und Nehmer 4 ist in der maßgeblichen Relativbewegungsrichtung 2 variierbar. Beispielsweise wird dieser Abstand durch auf die Schraubenfeder in der maßgeblichen Relativbewegungsrichtung 2 ausgeübte Zugkräfte vergrößert oder durch auf die Schraubenfeder in der maßgeblichen Relativbewegungsrichtung 2 ausgeüb- te Druckkräfte verringert. Führt das Koppelelement 1 Relativbewegungen in Richtung der maßgeblichen Relativbewegungsrichtung 2 aus, so führen auch der Geber 3 und/oder der Nehmer 4 diese Relativbewegungen aus. Zumindest ändert sich ihr Ab- stand entlang der maßgeblichen Relativbewegungsrichtung 2. Damit können Relativbewegungen des zu überwachenden Koppelelements 1 entlang der maßgeblichen Relativbewegungsrichtung 2 gemessen und gespeichert werden. Es werden nur solche Relativbewegungen als Daten gespeichert, die über einen vorher festgelegten Schwellenwert liegen. Diese Daten werden jeweils gleichwertig als normierte Einheit im Nehmer 4 gespeichert. Im Speicher des Nehmers 4 ist letztendlich die Anzahl jener Relativbewegungen gespeichert, die über dem Schwellenwert liegen. Damit können beispielsweise geringste Relativbewegun- gen, die keinen oder fast keinen Beitrag zu einer Schädigung des Koppelelements 1 leisten, ausgenommen werden. In FIG. 1, a coupling element 1 designed as a helical spring is shown by way of example and schematically. For the coupling element 1 to be monitored, a decisive relative direction of movement 2 is determined. On the component 9, an encoder 3 and a slave 4 are fixed. The distance between encoder 3 and slave 4 can be varied in the relevant direction of relative movement 2. For example, this distance is increased by tensile forces exerted on the helical spring in the relevant direction of relative movement 2 or by force exerted on the helical spring in the relevant direction of relative movement 2. te pressure forces reduced. If the coupling element 1 executes relative movements in the direction of the relevant relative movement direction 2, then the encoder 3 and / or the slave 4 also execute these relative movements. At least their distance changes along the relevant relative movement direction 2. In this way, relative movements of the coupling element 1 to be monitored along the relevant relative movement direction 2 can be measured and stored. Only those relative movements are stored as data that are above a predetermined threshold. These data are stored equally as a normalized unit in the receiver 4. The memory of the receiver 4 ultimately stores the number of relative movements which are above the threshold value. Thus, for example, the slightest relative movements that do not or almost no contribution to damage to the coupling element 1 can be excluded.
Die im Nehmer 4 gespeicherten Daten werden mittels einer Sendeeinheit 5 zu einer Empfangseinheit 6 gesendet. Anschließend werden die übertragenen Daten ausgewertet. The data stored in the receiver 4 are sent by means of a transmitting unit 5 to a receiving unit 6. Subsequently, the transmitted data are evaluated.
Die Auswertung der Daten erfolgt dadurch, dass ein Vergleich der Anzahl der über dem Schwellenwert liegenden Relativbewegungen mit zumindest einem vorher festgelegten Grenzwert er- folgt. The data is evaluated by comparing the number of relative movements above the threshold with at least one predetermined limit.
Diese Auswertung der Daten erfolgt nach jeweils im Wesentlichen gleichlangen Zeitintervallen oder nach jeweils im Wesentlichen gleicher Kilometerleistung des Koppelelements 1, beispielsweise in einem in FIG 3 dargestellten Fahrzeug 7. Es gilt die Annahme, dass innerhalb dieser gleichlangen Zeitintervalle beziehungsweise nach jeweils gleichen Kilometerleistungen des Fahrzeugs 7 die auf das Koppelelement 1 einwirkenden Kräfte im Mittel gleich groß sind. Ergibt der Vergleich, dass die Anzahl der über dem Schwellenwert liegenden Relativbewegungen des Koppelelements 1 den Grenzwert übersteigt, so wird ein Revisionszeitpunkt für das Fahrzeug 7 festgelegt. Mittels der Auswertung der gespeicherten Relativbewegungen des zu überwachenden Koppelelements 1 erfolgt auch eine Analyse der Betriebsart des in FIG 3 dargestellten Fahrzeugs 7, insbesondere hinsichtlich betriebsorientierter Belastungen des Koppelements 1. This evaluation of the data is carried out in each case after substantially the same time intervals or after each substantially the same mileage of the coupling element 1, for example in a vehicle 7 shown in FIG 3 It is the assumption that within this same time intervals or after each same mileage of the vehicle. 7 the forces acting on the coupling element 1 are the same on average. If the comparison reveals that the number of relative movements of the coupling element 1 above the threshold exceeds the limit, a revision time for the vehicle 7 is determined. By means of the evaluation of the stored relative movements of the coupling element 1 to be monitored, an analysis of the operating mode of the vehicle 7 shown in FIG. 3 is also carried out, in particular with regard to operational loads of the coupling element 1.
Mittels Einbindung der Ergebnisse dieser Analyse bei der Festlegung des Grenzwertes oder des Schwellenwertes kann die Genauigkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens laufend verbes- sert werden. Es kann damit ein lernender Prozess generiert werden. Zusätzlich können die Ergebnisse auch in Neuentwicklungen von Koppelelementen 1 einfließen. By incorporating the results of this analysis in the definition of the limit value or the threshold value, the accuracy of the method according to the invention can be continuously improved. It can thus be used to generate a learning process. In addition, the results can also be incorporated into new developments of coupling elements 1.
FIG 2 zeigt beispielhaft und schematisch ein als Konusfeder ausgeführtes Koppelelement 1. Der Geber 3 ist am Koppelelement 1 angeordnet. Der Nehmer 4 mit der Sendeeinheit 5 ist am Bauteil 9 angeordnet. Der Abstand zwischen dem Geber 3 und dem Nehmer 4 ist entlang der maßgeblichen Relativbewegungs- richtung 2 variierbar. Im Nehmer 4 werden, wie bereits anhand FIG 1 erläutert, die Relativbewegungen des Koppelelements 1 gespeichert, welche von der Sendeeinheit 5 an die Empfangseinheit 6 übertragen werden. FIG. 2 shows, by way of example and schematically, a coupling element 1 designed as a cone spring. The sensor 3 is arranged on the coupling element 1. The recipient 4 with the transmitting unit 5 is arranged on the component 9. The distance between the encoder 3 and the slave 4 can be varied along the relevant direction of relative movement 2. In the receiver 4, as already explained with reference to FIG. 1, the relative movements of the coupling element 1 are stored, which are transmitted from the transmitting unit 5 to the receiving unit 6.
FIG 3 zeigt beispielhaft und schematisch die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bei einem als Schienenfahrzeug ausgeführten Fahrzeug 7 mit einer berührungslosen Übertragung der Daten mittels der Sendeeinheiten 5 zur Empfangseinheit 6 während der Fahrt des Schienenfahrzeugs in Fahrtrichtung 8. Dadurch können Koppelelemente 1 überwacht und ihre Einsatzeignung in einem Fahrzeug 7 bestimmt werden. FIG. 3 shows, by way of example and schematically, the application of the method according to the invention to a vehicle 7 designed as a rail vehicle with non-contact transmission of the data by means of the transmitting units 5 to the receiving unit 6 while the rail vehicle is traveling in the direction of travel 8. As a result, coupling elements 1 can be monitored and their suitability for use in one Vehicle 7 are determined.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung ist nicht auf die dargestellten Beispiele beschränkt, es sind auch andere Ausführungen denkbar . Liste der Bezugszeichen The solution according to the invention is not limited to the illustrated examples, other embodiments are conceivable. List of reference numbers
1 Koppelelement 1 coupling element
2 maßgebliche Relativbewegungsrichtung 2 authoritative direction of relative movement
3 Geber 3 donors
4 Nehmer  4 takers
5 Sendeeinheit  5 transmission unit
6 Empfangseinheit  6 receiving unit
7 Fahrzeug  7 vehicle
8 Fahrtrichtung  8 direction of travel
9 Bauteil  9 component

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Überwachung von Koppelelementen (1) eines Fahrzeuges (7), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für ein zu über- wachendes Koppelelement (1) zumindest eine maßgebliche Relativbewegungsrichtung (2) bestimmt wird, dass Relativbewegungen entlang der maßgeblichen Relativbewegungsrichtung (2) des zu überwachenden Koppelelements (1) gemessen und gespeichert werden, und dass eine Auswertung der gespeicherten Relativbe- wegungen erfolgt. 1. A method for monitoring coupling elements (1) of a vehicle (7), characterized in that for a to be monitored coupling element (1) at least one significant relative direction of motion (2) is determined that relative movements along the relevant relative direction of movement (2) of the to be monitored coupling element (1) are measured and stored, and that an evaluation of the stored relative movements takes place.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Relativbewegungen des zu überwachenden Koppelelements (1) mittels jeweils eines entlang der maßgeblichen Relativbewe- gungsrichtung (2) angeordneten Gebers (3) und eines Nehmers (4) gemessen und gespeichert werden. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the relative movements of the coupling element (1) to be monitored are measured and stored by means of a respective sensor (3) and a receiver (4) arranged along the relevant direction of relative movement (2).
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anzahl jener Relativbewegungen des zu überwachenden Koppelelements (1) gespeichert wird, die über einen vorher festgelegten Schwellenwert liegen. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the number of those relative movements of the monitored coupling element (1) is stored, which are above a predetermined threshold.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auswertung der gespeicherten Relativbewegungen des zu überwachenden Koppelelements (1) durch Vergleichen der Anzahl mit zumindest einem vorher festgelegten Grenzwert erfolgt. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the evaluation of the stored relative movements of the monitored coupling element (1) by comparing the number with at least one predetermined limit value.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die gespeicherten Relativbewegungen be- rührungslos zu einer Empfangseinheit (6) übertragen werden. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stored relative movements are transmitted without contact to a receiving unit (6).
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auswertung der gespeicherten Relativbewegungen des zu überwachenden Koppelelements (1) nach jeweils im Wesentlichen gleichlangen Zeitintervallen oder nach jeweils im Wesentlichen gleicher Kilometerleistung des Fahrzeugs (7) erfolgt. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the evaluation of the stored relative movements of the monitored coupling element (1) after each substantially equal time intervals or after each substantially the same mileage of the vehicle (7).
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schwellenwert und/oder der Grenzwert auf Basis von Messfahrtdaten, oder aufgrund von Simulationen des Fahrzeuges (7) festgelegt wird. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the threshold value and / or the limit value on the basis of test drive data, or due to simulations of the vehicle (7) is set.
8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zu überwachenden Koppelelemente (1) als Federelemente, Verbindungselemente oder Kombinationen daraus ausgeführt sind. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupling elements to be monitored (1) are designed as spring elements, connecting elements or combinations thereof.
9. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fahrzeug (7) als Schienenfahrzeug ausgeführt ist. 9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vehicle (7) is designed as a rail vehicle.
10. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Ergebnis der Auswertung der gespeicherten Relativbewegungen der zu überwachenden Koppelelemente (1) ein Revisionszeitpunkt für das Fahrzeug (7) festgelegt wird. 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as a result of the evaluation of the stored relative movements of the monitored coupling elements (1) a revision time for the vehicle (7) is set.
11. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mittels der Auswertung der gespeicherten Relativbewegungen der zu überwachenden Koppelelemente (1) eine Analyse der Betriebsart des Fahrzeugs (7), insbeson- dere hinsichtlich betriebsorientierter Belastungen der Koppelelemente (1), erfolgt. 11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that by means of the evaluation of the stored relative movements of the coupling elements to be monitored (1) an analysis of the operating mode of the vehicle (7), in particular with respect to operational loads of the coupling elements (1).
12. Vorrichtungssystem zur Überwachung zumindest eines in einem Fahrzeug (7) eingebauten Koppelelements (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, umfassend 12. A device system for monitoring at least one in a vehicle (7) built-coupling element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, comprising
- ein zwischen Bauteilen (9) des Fahrzeugs (7) angeordnetes Koppelelement (1)  a coupling element (1) arranged between components (9) of the vehicle (7)
- einen Geber (3) und einen Nehmer (4), deren Abstand entlang einer maßgeblichen Bewegungsrichtung (2) des Kop- pelelements (1) variierbar ist, wobei der Geber (3) und/oder der Nehmer (4) am Bauteil (9) oder am Koppelelement (1) fixiert ist, - eine Sendeeinheit (5) zum Senden von im Nehmer (4) gespeicherten Daten und - An encoder (3) and a slave (4) whose distance along a relevant direction of movement (2) of the coupling element (1) is variable, wherein the encoder (3) and / or the slave (4) on the component (9 ) or fixed on the coupling element (1), a transmitting unit (5) for transmitting data stored in the receiver (4) and
- eine außerhalb des Fahrzeugs (7) angeordnete Empfangseinheit (6) zum Empfang der von der Sendeeinheit (5) gesendeten Daten.  - A outside of the vehicle (7) arranged receiving unit (6) for receiving the data sent by the transmitting unit (5).
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