EP2952616A1 - Method for producing a flat or three-dimensional knitted fabric - Google Patents

Method for producing a flat or three-dimensional knitted fabric Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2952616A1
EP2952616A1 EP14170796.8A EP14170796A EP2952616A1 EP 2952616 A1 EP2952616 A1 EP 2952616A1 EP 14170796 A EP14170796 A EP 14170796A EP 2952616 A1 EP2952616 A1 EP 2952616A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
knitted fabric
fixing points
stitches
knitting
fixing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14170796.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2952616B1 (en
Inventor
Karl Schuler
Wolfgang Rempp
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H Stoll GmbH and Co KG
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H Stoll GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
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Priority to EP14170796.8A priority Critical patent/EP2952616B1/en
Priority to CN201510294553.7A priority patent/CN105133161B/en
Publication of EP2952616A1 publication Critical patent/EP2952616A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2952616B1 publication Critical patent/EP2952616B1/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/10—Patterned fabrics or articles
    • D04B1/102—Patterned fabrics or articles with stitch pattern
    • D04B1/108—Gussets, e.g. pouches or heel or toe portions
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/10—Patterned fabrics or articles
    • D04B1/102—Patterned fabrics or articles with stitch pattern
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/22—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/03—Shape features
    • D10B2403/033—Three dimensional fabric, e.g. forming or comprising cavities in or protrusions from the basic planar configuration, or deviations from the cylindrical shape as generally imposed by the fabric forming process
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
    • D10B2501/04—Outerwear; Protective garments
    • D10B2501/042—Headwear
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
    • D10B2501/04—Outerwear; Protective garments
    • D10B2501/043—Footwear
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2507/00—Sport; Military
    • D10B2507/08—Balls

Definitions

  • the object is achieved by a method for producing a planar or spatial knitted fabric with fixing points introduced therein for stabilizing the shape of the knitted fabric, wherein the fixing points are distributed net or lattice-shaped over at least part of the knitted fabric and each fixing point formed by omitting a stitch in the vertical repeat of the knitted fabric becomes.
  • each fixing point of the thread run is interrupted in the fabric. Along the imaginary connecting lines between the fixing points, therefore, the knit less elastic than in the other areas.
  • the desired dimensional stability can thereby be achieved.
  • the denser the fixing points the more stable the knitted fabric becomes.
  • the dimensional stability is achieved in the method according to the invention solely by the arrangement of the fixing points in the fabric and by the strength of the thread material used.
  • the mesh or grid structure of the fixation points can preferably be formed such that each fixation point has at least two adjacent fixation points. As a result, it is possible to produce closed net or grid structures which produce the desired dimensional or spatial dimensional stability of the knitted fabric.
  • the fixing points can be formed by reversing the knitting direction, crossing stitches, splitting stitches, looping stitches, forming tuck loops, or looping stitches.
  • the fabric can be made in any binding.
  • the bond can be chosen so that the dimensional stability properties are supported. With the bond, however, other properties such as surface finish, absorbency or the like and the appearance of the knit can be influenced.
  • the fabric can be produced with the help of one or more yarn guides.
  • the number of thread guides can be made dependent on which knitting technique the fixing points are generated and how the bond between the fixing points is selected.
  • the fixing points can be produced by reversing the knitting direction within a course and forming a few stitches in the opposite direction before knitting again in the original knitting direction beyond the reversing point the first on the reversal point following stitch no stitch is formed. In this way it is possible to generate a fixing point at any point within a course.
  • this needle or needles are floated or looped around to create the fixation point.
  • the stitches additionally formed by the production of a fixing point in the vertical repeat of the knitted fabric can be compensated again in the course of the knitting process.
  • the fixing points are distributed homogeneously over at least one areal or spatial area of the knitted fabric in such a way that the knitted fabric obtains the desired dimensional stability in the course direction and in the wale direction.
  • the fixing points in the wale direction of the knitted fabric can also be formed offset from one another.
  • warp and / or weft threads can be inserted into the fabric at least in some areas.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a method according to the invention for producing helmet caps, carcasses for balls, shoe upper, bandages and / or heel regions of socks.
  • the method can also be used for the production of flat knits.
  • the invention comprises a planar or spatial knitted fabric, which is produced by a method according to one of claims 1 to 13 and characterized in that it has at least in one area homogeneously distributed fixing points, which form a network or lattice structure with each other.
  • Fig. 1 shows the development of the surface of a spherical knit 100.
  • 2a - e do not take all needles of one or more rows of knitting in the knitting process, while in the other areas with all needles on the entire knit width stitches are formed (spooling technique).
  • stitch formation in areas 1a-e and 2a-e the sections of the fabric are pulled together, creating a knitted fabric.
  • the turning points 3a, 4a form fixing points of the knitted fabric.
  • further fixing points 7a, 8a are incorporated within the knitted fabric.
  • fixing points can also be distributed homogeneously over the entire knitting area and form a depending on the Stability requirements on the fabric area differently shaped grid or network structure.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a development of a knit fabric for a shoe upper 10 shown, which was produced as a spatial knitted piece.
  • the fixing points 7a, 8a as well as in Fig. 1 arranged homogeneously distributed about a center line M.
  • the fixing points 7a, 8a are introduced here in areas of the shoe upper, which are exposed to increased stress when wearing the finished shoe. This is the area of the heel, toes and ankle, in which the elements for securing the shoe are attached to the human foot.
  • Fig. 3 shows a knitting sequence for producing a fixing point within a knitted fabric.
  • the carriage direction is represented by arrows on the left edge of the yarn guide.
  • the preparation of the fixing point happens inside the knitted fabric, that is, there were already some, not shown here rows of stitches formed by a thread guide, also not shown, before row R1 on a row of stitches on the needles A - H of the front needle bed in the carriage direction to the right is knitted.
  • the needle H forms the turning point of a thread guide, not shown here.
  • row R2 a carriage reversal of the flat knitting machine to the left and the formation of stitches on the needles G - C of the front Needle bed.
  • the needle H is floated.
  • row R3 is reversed from left to right and stitches are formed on the needles C - K of the front needle bed.
  • a fixing point FP1 is generated on the needle H of the front needle bed.
  • Fig. 3 can in row R2 in the needles G and / or H a tuck looper be inserted.
  • FIG. 4 shows a knitting sequence of another method variant for producing a fixing point within a knitted fabric.
  • row R1 the knitting of a course of stitches on the needles A - H of the front needle bed takes place in the carriage direction to the right.
  • the needle H forms the turning point of the thread guide.
  • the stitch located on needle G of the front needle bed is transferred to the needle g of the opposing needle bed, before in row R2 after a carriage reversal from the right to the left stitches are formed on the needles H - C of the front needle bed.
  • the needle G is floated.
  • row U2 the loop hung in row U1 on the back needle bed is backed onto its original needle G of the front needle bed. Subsequently, in the row R3, after a carriage reversal from left to right, stitches are formed on the needles C - K of the front needle bed. At this time, a fixing point FP1 is formed on the needle G of the front needle bed.
  • Fig. 5 is shown another knitting sequence for producing a variant of a fixing point within the knitted fabric using two yarn guides.
  • row R1 the knitting of a row of stitches on the needles A - H of the front needle bed takes place in the carriage direction to the right with a first thread guide FF.1.
  • the needle H forms the turning point of the thread guide.
  • row R2 inserting a tuck into the needle H, as well as forming stitches on the needles G-E of the front needle bed with the first thread guide FF.1.
  • row R4 After a reversal of the carriage, the insertion of a tuck into the needle F and the formation of stitches on the needles G - J with a second thread feeder FF.2 takes place before rows R5 on the needles E - I of the front needle bed first thread guide FF.1 be formed.
  • a second fixation point FP2 is formed on the needle F by knitting the inserted in the row R4 Fanghenkels.
  • two fixing points FP1, FP2 have been formed here, which are connected to each other by a first imaginary line NST.
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic representation of a plan view 100 'on a spherical knit 10', which can be used for example as a carcass for a ball.
  • a plurality of fixing points are shown, which form net-like structures 1-7 in certain regions of the knitted fabric 10 'in various constellations.
  • structures 1-7 are shown in various exemplary forms with the corresponding imaginary connecting lines between the fixing points.
  • structures can be formed in all conceivable compositions of fixing points in all regions of the knitted fabric 10 ', in accordance with the respective requirements with regard to the extensibility of the knitted fabric.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
  • Corsets Or Brassieres (AREA)

Abstract

Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines flächigen oder räumlichen Gestricks (10') mit darin eingebrachten Fixierpunkten zur Stabilisierung der Form des Gestricks (10'), wobei die Fixierpunkte netz- oder gitterförmig über zumindest einen Teil des Gestricks (10') verteilt werden und jeder Fixierpunkt durch Weglassen einer Masche im Höhenrapport des Gestricks gebildet wird.A method for producing a planar or spatial knitted fabric (10 ') with fixing points introduced therein for stabilizing the shape of the knitted fabric (10'), the fixing points being distributed over at least part of the knitted fabric (10 ') in the form of a net or lattice and each fixing point is formed by omitting a mesh in the vertical repeat of the knitted fabric.

Description

Zur Veränderung der Elastizitätseigenschaften eines Gestricks ist es bekannt, während des Strickvorgangs Schuss- und/oder Kettfäden einzulegen, wobei diese zusätzlichen Fäden entweder aus einem elastischen Garnmaterial oder aus einem relativ unelastischen Garnmaterial bestehen können, abhängig davon, ob die Elastizität des Gestricks in horizontaler und/oder vertikaler Richtung erhöht oder reduziert werden soll.To change the elastic properties of a knitted fabric, it is known to insert weft and / or warp yarns during the knitting process, which additional yarns may consist of either an elastic yarn material or a relatively inelastic yarn material, depending on whether the elasticity of the fabric is horizontal and horizontal / or vertical direction should be increased or decreased.

Das Einbringen von zusätzlichem Fadenmaterial in Form von Schuss- oder Kettfäden schränkt jedoch die Formgestaltung des Gestricks insbesondere bei dreidimensionalen Gestricken und die möglichen Bindungsarten deutlich ein. Außerdem verändern Schuhs- und Kettfäden in der Regel auch das Aussehen des Gestricks, insbesondere wenn die Schuhs- oder Kettfäden nur in bestimmten Bereichen des Gestricks eingelegt werden. Die Bildung von Hohlkörpern auf einer Flachstrickmaschine unter Verwendung von Spickeltechniken sind aus der DE 39 37 406 C2 und der EP 874 076 A2 bekannt. Die Herstellung von Hohlkörpern mittels Maschensplitten und Transfertechniken ist ebenfalls bereits beschrieben worden.The introduction of additional thread material in the form of weft or warp threads, however, restricts the shaping of the knitted fabric, in particular in the case of three-dimensional knitted fabrics, and the possible types of weave. In addition, shoe and warp threads usually also change the appearance of the knitted fabric, especially if the shoe or warp threads are inserted only in certain areas of the knitted fabric. The formation of hollow bodies on a flat knitting machine using spooling techniques are known from US 5,178,237 DE 39 37 406 C2 and the EP 874 076 A2 known. The production of hollow bodies by means of mesh splitting and transfer techniques has likewise already been described.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren bereitzustellen, mit dem flächige oder räumliche Gestricke mit einer hohen Formstabilität ohne die Nachteile, die sich durch den Einsatz von Schussoder Kettfäden ergeben, hergestellt werden können.It is an object of the present invention to provide a process by means of which flat or spatial knits having a high dimensional stability can be produced without the disadvantages resulting from the use of weft or warp threads.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines flächigen oder räumlichen Gestricks mit darin eingebrachten Fixierpunkten zur Stabilisierung der Form des Gestricks, wobei die Fixierpunkte netzoder gitterförmig über zumindest einen Teil des Gestricks verteilt werden und jeder Fixierpunkt durch Weglassen einer Masche im Höhenrapport des Gestricks gebildet wird.The object is achieved by a method for producing a planar or spatial knitted fabric with fixing points introduced therein for stabilizing the shape of the knitted fabric, wherein the fixing points are distributed net or lattice-shaped over at least part of the knitted fabric and each fixing point formed by omitting a stitch in the vertical repeat of the knitted fabric becomes.

An jedem Fixierpunkt wird der Fadenlauf im Gestrick unterbrochen. Entlang der gedachten Verbindungslinien zwischen den Fixierpunkten ist daher das Gestrick weniger elastisch als in den übrigen Bereichen. Durch eine entsprechende Verteilung der Fixierpunkte in einer Netz- oder Gitterstruktur über das Gestrick oder einen Teil des Gestricks kann dadurch die gewünschte Formstabilität erreicht werden. Je dichter die Fixierpunkte dabei liegen, desto formstabiler wird das Gestrick. Die Formstabilität wird beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren allein durch die Anordnung der Fixierpunkte im Gestrick sowie durch die Festigkeit des verwendeten Fadenmaterials erreicht.At each fixing point of the thread run is interrupted in the fabric. Along the imaginary connecting lines between the fixing points, therefore, the knit less elastic than in the other areas. By means of a corresponding distribution of the fixing points in a mesh or lattice structure over the knitted fabric or a part of the knitted fabric, the desired dimensional stability can thereby be achieved. The denser the fixing points, the more stable the knitted fabric becomes. The dimensional stability is achieved in the method according to the invention solely by the arrangement of the fixing points in the fabric and by the strength of the thread material used.

Die Netz- oder Gitterstruktur der Fixierpunkte kann dabei vorzugsweise derart ausgebildet werden, dass jeder Fixierpunkt mindestens zwei benachbarte Fixierpunkte aufweist. Dadurch lassen sich geschlossene Netz- oder Gitterstrukturen erzeugen, die die gewünschte flächige oder räumliche Formstabilität des Gestricks ergeben.The mesh or grid structure of the fixation points can preferably be formed such that each fixation point has at least two adjacent fixation points. As a result, it is possible to produce closed net or grid structures which produce the desired dimensional or spatial dimensional stability of the knitted fabric.

Für die Erzeugung der Fixierpunkte gibt es mehrere stricktechnische Möglichkeiten. Bevorzugt können die Fixierpunkte durch Umkehren der Strickrichtung, Kreuzen von Maschen, Splitten von Maschen, Umhängen von Maschen, Bilden von Fanghenkeln oder Umschlingen von Maschen gebildet werden.For the production of fixing points, there are several knitting technical possibilities. Preferably, the fixing points can be formed by reversing the knitting direction, crossing stitches, splitting stitches, looping stitches, forming tuck loops, or looping stitches.

Zwischen den Fixierpunkten kann das Gestrick in einer beliebigen Bindung hergestellt werden. Die Bindung kann dabei so gewählt werden, dass die Formstabilitätseigenschaften unterstützt werden. Mit der Bindung können jedoch auch andere Eigenschaften wie Oberflächenbeschaffenheit, Saugfähigkeit oder dergleichen sowie die Optik des Gestricks beeinflusst werden.Between the fixing points, the fabric can be made in any binding. The bond can be chosen so that the dimensional stability properties are supported. With the bond, however, other properties such as surface finish, absorbency or the like and the appearance of the knit can be influenced.

Das Gestrick kann dabei mit Hilfe eines oder mehrerer Fadenführer hergestellt werden. Die Zahl der Fadenführer kann dabei davon abhängig gemacht werden, mit welcher Stricktechnik die Fixierpunkte erzeugt werden und wie die Bindung zwischen den Fixierpunkten gewählt wird.The fabric can be produced with the help of one or more yarn guides. The number of thread guides can be made dependent on which knitting technique the fixing points are generated and how the bond between the fixing points is selected.

Bei einer bevorzugten Variante des Verfahrens können die Fixierpunkte durch Umkehren der Strickrichtung innerhalb einer Maschenreihe und Bilden einiger Maschen in entgegengesetzter Strickrichtung, bevor wieder in der ursprünglichen Strickrichtung bis über die Umkehrstelle hinaus Maschen gestrickt werden, hergestellt werden, wobei nach dem Umkehren der Strickrichtung mindestens mit der ersten auf die Umkehrstelle folgenden Nadel keine Masche gebildet wird. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, an jeder beliebigen Stelle innerhalb einer Maschenreihe einen Fixierpunkt zu erzeugen.In a preferred variant of the method, the fixing points can be produced by reversing the knitting direction within a course and forming a few stitches in the opposite direction before knitting again in the original knitting direction beyond the reversing point the first on the reversal point following stitch no stitch is formed. In this way it is possible to generate a fixing point at any point within a course.

Dabei kann in die mindestens erste Nadel nach der Umkehrstelle ein Fanghenkel eingelegt, die Masche dieser Nadel oder Nadeln auf das gegenüberliegende Nadelbett umgehängt, diese Nadel oder Nadeln geflottet oder umschlungen werden, um den Fixierpunkt zu erzeugen.In this case, inserted into the at least first needle after the reversal point a tuck, the mesh of this needle or needles umgehängt on the opposite needle bed, this needle or needles are floated or looped around to create the fixation point.

Die durch die Herstellung eines Fixierpunktes im Höhenrapport des Gestricks zusätzlich gebildeten Maschen können im weiteren Strickverlauf wieder ausgeglichen werden.The stitches additionally formed by the production of a fixing point in the vertical repeat of the knitted fabric can be compensated again in the course of the knitting process.

Insbesondere bei regelmäßig geformten Gestricken ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Fixierpunkte homogen über zumindest einen flächigen oder räumlichen Bereich des Gestricks verteilt werden, derart, dass das Gestrick in Maschenreihenrichtung und in Maschenstäbchenrichtung die gewünschte Formstabilität erhält.In particular, in the case of regularly shaped knitted fabrics, it is advantageous if the fixing points are distributed homogeneously over at least one areal or spatial area of the knitted fabric in such a way that the knitted fabric obtains the desired dimensional stability in the course direction and in the wale direction.

Dabei können die Fixierpunkte in Maschenstäbchenrichtung des Gestricks auch versetzt zueinander gebildet werden. Außerdem ist es möglich, innerhalb einer Maschenreihe mehrere Fixierpunkte zu bilden und/oder die Fixierpunkte auch in einer Start- und/oder Abschlusstrickreihe des Gestricks zu bilden.The fixing points in the wale direction of the knitted fabric can also be formed offset from one another. In addition, it is possible to form a plurality of fixing points within a row of stitches and / or to form the fixing points in a starting and / or final knitting row of the knitted fabric.

Sollten zusätzliche Maßnahmen notwendig sein, die Formstabilität des Gestricks zu erhöhen oder die Elastizität in Maschenstäbchen- und/oder Maschenreihenrichtung zu verändern, so können zumindest bereichsweise Kett- und/oder Schussfäden in das Gestrick eingelegt werden.Should additional measures be necessary to increase the dimensional stability of the knitted fabric or to change the elasticity in wale and / or course direction, warp and / or weft threads can be inserted into the fabric at least in some areas.

Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem die Verwendung eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Herstellung von Helmkalotten, Karkassen für Bälle, Schuhoberteilen, Bandagen und/oder Fersenbereichen von Socken. Das Verfahren kann jedoch auch zur Herstellung flächiger Gestricke eingesetzt werden.The invention also relates to the use of a method according to the invention for producing helmet caps, carcasses for balls, shoe upper, bandages and / or heel regions of socks. However, the method can also be used for the production of flat knits.

Weiter ist von der Erfindung ein flächiges oder räumliches Gestrick umfasst, das nach einem Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13 hergestellt und dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass es zumindest in einem Bereich homogen verteilte Fixierpunkte aufweist, die untereinander eine Netz- oder Gitterstruktur ausbilden.Further, the invention comprises a planar or spatial knitted fabric, which is produced by a method according to one of claims 1 to 13 and characterized in that it has at least in one area homogeneously distributed fixing points, which form a network or lattice structure with each other.

Im Folgenden werden Ausführungsbeispiele erfindungsgemäßer Verfahren anhand der Zeichnung im Detail beschrieben.In the following, embodiments of the inventive method will be described in detail with reference to the drawing.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung der Abwicklung eines kugelförmigen Gestricks;
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung der Abwicklung eines gestrickten Schuhoberteils;
Fig. 3
eine Fadenlaufdarstellung der Herstellung eines Fixierpunkts innerhalb eines Gestricks nach einer ersten Verfahrensvariante;
Fig. 4
eine Fadenlaufdarstellung der Herstellung eines Fixierpunkts innerhalb eines Gestricks nach einer zweiten Verfahrensvariante;
Fig. 5
eine Fadenlaufdarstellung der Herstellung eines Fixierpunkts innerhalb eines Gestricks nach einer dritten Verfahrensvariante;
Fig. 6
eine Draufsicht auf ein kugelförmiges Gestrick, das eine Karkasse für einen Ball bildet.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of the development of a spherical knitted fabric;
Fig. 2
a schematic representation of the development of a knitted shoe upper part;
Fig. 3
a yarn guide representation of the production of a fixing point within a knitted fabric according to a first method variant;
Fig. 4
a yarn guide representation of the production of a fixing point within a knitted fabric according to a second variant of the method;
Fig. 5
a yarn guide representation of the production of a fixing point within a knitted fabric according to a third method variant;
Fig. 6
a plan view of a spherical knit, which forms a carcass for a ball.

Fig. 1 zeigt die Abwicklung der Oberfläche eines kugelförmigen Gestricks 100. Zur Erzielung der kugelförmigen Gestalt nehmen während des Herstellungsprozesses in vorbestimmten Bereichen 1a - e, 2a - e nicht alle Nadeln einer oder mehrerer Strickreihen am Maschenbildungsprozess teil, während in den anderen Bereichen mit allen Nadeln über die gesamte Gestrickbreite Maschen gebildet werden (Spickeltechnik). Bei Wiederaufnahme der Maschenbildung in den Bereichen 1a - e und 2a - e werden die Abschnitte des Gestricks zusammengezogen, wodurch ein räumliches Gestrickstück entsteht. Fig. 1 shows the development of the surface of a spherical knit 100. In order to obtain the spherical shape in the manufacturing process in predetermined areas 1a - e, 2a - e do not take all needles of one or more rows of knitting in the knitting process, while in the other areas with all needles on the entire knit width stitches are formed (spooling technique). Upon resumption of stitch formation in areas 1a-e and 2a-e, the sections of the fabric are pulled together, creating a knitted fabric.

Die Wendepunkte 3a, 4a eines hier nicht dargestellten Fadenführers, mit welchem das Gestrick gebildet wird, sind, ausgehend von einer Mittellinie M des Gestricks, homogen über die gesamte Höhe und Breite des Gestricks verteilt, wodurch eine gleichmäßige Fadenbelastung in den Verbindungsbereichen 5a, 6a der einzelnen Segmente gewährleistet wird. Die Wendepunkte 3a, 4a bilden Fixierpunkte des Gestricks. Zusätzlich zu diesen Wendepunkten sind weitere Fixierpunkte 7a, 8a innerhalb des Gestricks eingebracht.The turning points 3a, 4a of a yarn guide, not shown here, with which the fabric is formed, starting from a center line M of the knit, distributed homogeneously over the entire height and width of the knitted fabric, whereby a uniform yarn load in the connecting portions 5a, 6a of individual segments is guaranteed. The turning points 3a, 4a form fixing points of the knitted fabric. In addition to these turning points, further fixing points 7a, 8a are incorporated within the knitted fabric.

Diese Fixierpunkte können ebenfalls homogen über den gesamten Strickbereich verteilt angeordnet sein und bilden eine je nach den Stabilitätsanforderungen an den Gestrickbereich unterschiedlich geformte Gitter- oder Netzstruktur.These fixing points can also be distributed homogeneously over the entire knitting area and form a depending on the Stability requirements on the fabric area differently shaped grid or network structure.

Weiter ist die Bildung von Öffnungen im Gestrick möglich. In Fig. 2 ist eine schematische Darstellung einer Abwicklung eines Gestricks für ein Schuhoberteil 10 gezeigt, welches als räumliches Gestrickstück hergestellt wurde.Next, the formation of openings in the fabric is possible. In Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a development of a knit fabric for a shoe upper 10 shown, which was produced as a spatial knitted piece.

Zur vereinfachten Darstellung sind hier lediglich die Außenkontur des Schuhoberteils 10 sowie die Bereiche, in welche Fixierpunkte 7a, 8a eingebracht wurden, dargestellt. Im dargestellten Beispiel sind die Fixierpunkte 7a, 8a wie auch in Fig. 1 homogen um eine Mittellinie M verteilt angeordnet. Die Fixierpunkte 7a, 8a sind hier in Bereichen des Schuhoberteils eingebracht, welche einer erhöhten Belastung beim Tragen des fertigen Schuhs ausgesetzt sind. Dies ist der Bereich der Ferse, der Zehen sowie des Sprungbeins, in welchem auch die Elemente zur Sicherung des Schuhs am menschlichen Fuß angebracht sind.For simplified illustration, only the outer contour of the shoe upper 10 and the areas into which fixing points 7a, 8a have been introduced are shown here. In the example shown, the fixing points 7a, 8a as well as in Fig. 1 arranged homogeneously distributed about a center line M. The fixing points 7a, 8a are introduced here in areas of the shoe upper, which are exposed to increased stress when wearing the finished shoe. This is the area of the heel, toes and ankle, in which the elements for securing the shoe are attached to the human foot.

Fig. 3 zeigt einen Strickablauf zur Herstellung eines Fixierpunktes innerhalb eines Gestricks. Die Schlittenrichtung wird mittels Pfeilen am linken Rand der Fadenlaufdarstellung dargestellt. Die Herstellung des Fixierpunktes geschieht im Inneren des Gestricks, das heißt, es wurden zuvor schon einige, hier nicht dargestellte Maschenreihen mittels eines ebenfalls nicht dargestellten Fadenführers gebildet, bevor in Reihe R1 eine Maschenreihe auf den Nadeln A - H des vorderen Nadelbetts in Schlittenrichtung nach rechts gestrickt wird. Die Nadel H bildet den Wendepunkt eines hier nicht dargestellten Fadenführers. Fig. 3 shows a knitting sequence for producing a fixing point within a knitted fabric. The carriage direction is represented by arrows on the left edge of the yarn guide. The preparation of the fixing point happens inside the knitted fabric, that is, there were already some, not shown here rows of stitches formed by a thread guide, also not shown, before row R1 on a row of stitches on the needles A - H of the front needle bed in the carriage direction to the right is knitted. The needle H forms the turning point of a thread guide, not shown here.

In Reihe R2 erfolgt eine Schlittenumkehr der Flachstrickmaschine nach links und das Bilden von Maschen auf den Nadeln G - C des vorderen Nadelbetts. Die Nadel H wird geflottet. Danach erfolgt in Reihe R3 eine Schlittenumkehr von links nach rechts und das Bilden von Maschen auf den Nadeln C - K des vorderen Nadelbetts. Dabei wird auf der Nadel H des vorderen Nadelbetts ein Fixierpunkt FP1 erzeugt.In row R2, a carriage reversal of the flat knitting machine to the left and the formation of stitches on the needles G - C of the front Needle bed. The needle H is floated. Thereafter, row R3 is reversed from left to right and stitches are formed on the needles C - K of the front needle bed. In this case, a fixing point FP1 is generated on the needle H of the front needle bed.

Anschließend wird in Reihe R4 nach einer Schlittenumkehr von rechts nach links eine Maschenreihe auf den Nadeln K - A des vorderen Nadelbetts gebildet.Subsequently, in row R4, after a carriage reversal from right to left, a row of stitches is formed on the needles K-A of the front needle bed.

Im in Fig. 3 gezeigten Beispiel wurden in Reihe R2 fünf Maschen G - C gebildet. Die Anzahl der nach dem Wendepunkt des Fadenführers zu bildenden Maschen ist jedoch variabel und kann der jeweiligen Stricksituation angepasst werden.Im in Fig. 3 In the series R2 shown, five meshes G - C were formed. However, the number of stitches to be formed after the turning point of the yarn guide is variable and can be adapted to the respective knitting situation.

Bei einer Variante des Verfahrens aus Fig. 3 kann in Reihe R2 in die Nadeln G und/oder H ein Fanghenkel eingelegt werden.In a variant of the method Fig. 3 can in row R2 in the needles G and / or H a tuck looper be inserted.

Durch die Bildung der Maschen G - C sind in diesem Bereich mehr Maschen gebildet worden als auf den anderen Nadeln. Diese zusätzlichen Maschen werden im weiteren Strickprozess wieder sukzessive abgebaut. Fig. 4 zeigt einen Strickablauf einer weiteren Verfahrensvariante zur Herstellung eines Fixierpunktes innerhalb eines Gestricks.Through the formation of the stitches G - C more stitches have been formed in this area than on the other needles. These additional stitches are gradually reduced in the further knitting process. Fig. 4 shows a knitting sequence of another method variant for producing a fixing point within a knitted fabric.

In Reihe R1 erfolgt das Stricken einer Maschenreihe auf den Nadeln A - H des vorderen Nadelbetts in Schlittenrichtung nach rechts. Die Nadel H bildet den Wendepunkt des Fadenführers.In row R1, the knitting of a course of stitches on the needles A - H of the front needle bed takes place in the carriage direction to the right. The needle H forms the turning point of the thread guide.

In Reihe U1 wird die Masche, welche sich auf Nadel G des vorderen Nadelbetts befindet, auf die Nadel g des gegenüberliegenden Nadelbetts umgehängt, bevor in Reihe R2 nach einer Schlittenumkehr von rechts nach links Maschen auf den Nadeln H - C des vorderen Nadelbetts gebildet werden. Die Nadel G wird geflottet.In row U1, the stitch located on needle G of the front needle bed is transferred to the needle g of the opposing needle bed, before in row R2 after a carriage reversal from the right to the left stitches are formed on the needles H - C of the front needle bed. The needle G is floated.

In Reihe U2 erfolgt ein Zurückhängen der in Reihe U1 auf das hintere Nadelbett gehängten Masche auf ihre Ursprungsnadel G des vorderen Nadelbetts. Anschließend werden in Reihe R3 nach einer Schlittenumkehr von links nach rechts Maschen auf den Nadeln C - K des vorderen Nadelbetts gebildet. Dabei wird ein Fixierpunkt FP1 auf der Nadel G des vorderen Nadelbetts gebildet.In row U2, the loop hung in row U1 on the back needle bed is backed onto its original needle G of the front needle bed. Subsequently, in the row R3, after a carriage reversal from left to right, stitches are formed on the needles C - K of the front needle bed. At this time, a fixing point FP1 is formed on the needle G of the front needle bed.

Im Anschluss an die Schlittenumkehr von rechts nach links erfolgt die Bildung einer kompletten Maschenreihe entsprechend der Reihe R4 aus Fig. 3.Following the carriage reversal from right to left, the formation of a complete row of stitches corresponding to row R4 takes place Fig. 3 ,

In Fig. 5 ist ein weiterer Strickablauf zur Herstellung einer Variante eines Fixierpunktes innerhalb des Gestricks unter Verwendung von zwei Fadenführern dargestellt.In Fig. 5 is shown another knitting sequence for producing a variant of a fixing point within the knitted fabric using two yarn guides.

In Reihe R1 erfolgt das Stricken einer Maschenreihe auf den Nadeln A - H des vorderen Nadelbetts in Schlittenrichtung nach rechts mit einem ersten Fadenführer FF.1. Die Nadel H bildet den Wendepunkt des Fadenführers. Nach einer Schlittenumkehr von rechts nach links erfolgt in Reihe R2 ein Einlegen eines Fanghenkels in die Nadel H, sowie das Bilden von Maschen auf den Nadeln G-E des vorderen Nadelbetts mit dem ersten Fadenführer FF.1.In row R1, the knitting of a row of stitches on the needles A - H of the front needle bed takes place in the carriage direction to the right with a first thread guide FF.1. The needle H forms the turning point of the thread guide. After a carriage reversal from right to left takes place in row R2 inserting a tuck into the needle H, as well as forming stitches on the needles G-E of the front needle bed with the first thread guide FF.1.

Anschließend werden in Reihe R3 Maschen auf den Nadeln P - F des vorderen Nadelbetts mit einem zweiten Fadenführer FF.2 gebildet. Dabei entsteht ein erster Fixierpunkts FP1 auf der Nadel H durch Abstricken des in Reihe R2 eingelegten Fanghenkels.Subsequently, stitches are formed in rows R3 on the needles P-F of the front needle bed with a second thread guide FF.2. This results in a first fixation point FP1 on the needle H by knitting the inserted in row R2 Fanghenkels.

In Reihe R4 erfolgt nach einer Schlittenumkehr das Einlegen eines Fanghenkels in die Nadel F sowie das Bilden von Maschen auf den Nadeln G - J mit einem zweiten Fadenführer FF.2, bevor in Reihe R5 Maschen auf den Nadeln E - I des vorderen Nadelbetts mit dem ersten Fadenführer FF.1 gebildet werden. Dabei wird ein zweiter Fixierpunkt FP2 auf der Nadel F durch Abstricken des in der Reihe R4 eingelegten Fanghenkels gebildet.In row R4, after a reversal of the carriage, the insertion of a tuck into the needle F and the formation of stitches on the needles G - J with a second thread feeder FF.2 takes place before rows R5 on the needles E - I of the front needle bed first thread guide FF.1 be formed. In this case, a second fixation point FP2 is formed on the needle F by knitting the inserted in the row R4 Fanghenkels.

Es wurden hier beispielhaft zwei Fixierpunkte FP1, FP2 gebildet, die durch eine erste gedachte Linie NST miteinander verbunden sind.
Es können weitere Fixierpunkte in horizontaler und vertikaler Richtung mit einem oder mehreren der in den Figuren 3 - 5 beschriebenen Verfahren hergestellt werden, um die gewünschte Netzstruktur durch die gedachten Verbindungslinien zwischen den Fixierpunkten auszubilden.By way of example, two fixing points FP1, FP2 have been formed here, which are connected to each other by a first imaginary line NST.
There may be further fixation points in the horizontal and vertical directions with one or more of the in the Figures 3 - 5 described method to form the desired network structure through the imaginary connecting lines between the fixing points.

Fig. 6 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Draufsicht 100' auf ein kugelförmiges Gestrick 10', welches z.B. als Karkasse für einen Ball verwendet werden kann. Es sind hier mehrere Fixierpunkte dargestellt, welche in bestimmten Bereichen des Gestricks 10' in verschiedenen Konstellationen netzartige Strukturen 1-7 ausbilden. Fig. 6 shows a schematic representation of a plan view 100 'on a spherical knit 10', which can be used for example as a carcass for a ball. Here, a plurality of fixing points are shown, which form net-like structures 1-7 in certain regions of the knitted fabric 10 'in various constellations.

Der Übersichtlichkeit wegen sind nur einige Strukturen 1 - 7 in verschiedenen beispielhaften Formen mit den entsprechenden gedachten Verbindungslinien zwischen den Fixierpunkten dargestellt. Es können jedoch in allen Bereichen des Gestricks 10', entsprechend den jeweiligen Anforderungen bezüglich der Dehnbarkeit des Gestricks, Strukturen in allen denkbaren Zusammensetzungen von Fixierpunkten gebildet werden.For the sake of clarity, only some structures 1-7 are shown in various exemplary forms with the corresponding imaginary connecting lines between the fixing points. However, structures can be formed in all conceivable compositions of fixing points in all regions of the knitted fabric 10 ', in accordance with the respective requirements with regard to the extensibility of the knitted fabric.

Claims (15)

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines flächigen oder räumlichen Gestricks (10, 10', 100) mit darin eingebrachten Fixierpunkten (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) zur Stabilisierung der Form des Gestricks (10, 10', 100), wobei die Fixierpunkte (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) netz- oder gitterförmig über zumindest einen Teil des Gestricks (10, 10', 100) verteilt werden und jeder Fixierpunkt (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) durch Weglassen einer Masche im Höhenrapport des Gestricks gebildet wird.Method for producing a planar or spatial knitted fabric (10, 10 ', 100) with fixing points (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) introduced therein for stabilizing the shape of the knitted fabric (10, 10', 100), the fixing points (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) are distributed over at least part of the knitted fabric (10, 10 ', 100) in a network or lattice fashion and each fixing point (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) is formed by omitting a stitch in the vertical repeat of the knitted fabric. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Netzoder Gitterstruktur der Fixierpunkte (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) derart ausgebildet wird, dass jeder Fixierpunkt (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) mindestens zwei benachbarte Fixierpunkte (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) aufweist.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the network or grid structure of the fixing points (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) is formed such that each fixing point (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) at least two adjacent fixing points (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fixierpunkte (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) durch Umkehren der Strickrichtung, Kreuzen von Maschen, Splitten von Maschen, Umhängen von Maschen, Bilden von Fanghenkeln oder Umschlingen von Maschen gebildet werden.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fixing points (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) are formed by reversing the knitting direction, crossing stitches, splitting stitches, looping stitches, forming tuck loops or looping stitches. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gestrick (10, 10', 100) zwischen den Fixierpunkten (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) in einer beliebigen Bindung hergestellt wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the knitted fabric (10, 10 ', 100) is produced between the fixing points (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) in an arbitrary bond. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gestrick (10, 10', 100) mit Hilfe eines oder mehrerer Fadenführer (FF.1, FF.2) hergestellt wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the knitted fabric (10, 10 ', 100) is produced with the aid of one or more yarn guides (FF.1, FF.2). Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fixierpunkte (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) durch Umkehren der Strickrichtung innerhalb einer Maschenreihe und Bilden einiger Maschen in entgegengesetzter Strickrichtung, bevor wieder in der ursprünglichen Strickrichtung bis über die Umkehrstelle hinaus Maschen gestrickt werden, hergestellt werden, wobei nach dem Umkehren der Strickrichtung mindestens mit der ersten auf die Umkehrstelle folgenden Nadel keine Masche gebildet wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixing points (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) are knitted by reversing the knitting direction within a course and forming a few stitches in the opposite direction before knitting again in the original direction of knitting beyond the point of reversal are made, wherein after reversing the knitting direction at least with the first following on the reversal point no mesh is formed. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in die mindestens erste Nadel nach der Umkehrstelle ein Fanghenkel eingelegt, die Masche dieser Nadel oder Nadeln auf das gegenüberliegende Nadelbett umgehängt, diese Nadel oder Nadeln geflottet oder umschlungen werden.A method according to claim 6, characterized in that inserted into the at least first needle after the reversal point a tuck, the mesh of this needle or needles umgehängt on the opposite needle bed, these needles or needles are floated or looped. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die durch die Herstellung eines Fixierpunktes (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) im Höhenrapport des Gestricks (10, 10', 100) zusätzlich gebildeten Maschen im weiteren Strickverlauf wieder ausgeglichen werden.Method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the stitches additionally formed by the production of a fixing point (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) in the vertical repeat of the knitted fabric (10, 10 ', 100) are compensated again in the further course of knitting. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fixierpunkte (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) homogen über zumindest einen flächigen oder räumlichen Bereich des Gestricks (10, 10', 100) verteilt werden, derart, dass das Gestrick (10, 10', 100) in Maschenreihenrichtung und in Maschenstäbchenrichtung die gewünschte Formstabilität erhält.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixing points (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) are distributed homogeneously over at least one planar or spatial area of the knitted fabric (10, 10 ', 100) such that the knitted fabric (10 , 10 ', 100) in the course direction and in the wale direction obtains the desired shape stability. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fixierpunkte (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) in Maschenstäbchenrichtung des Gestricks (10, 10', 100) versetzt zueinander gebildet werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixing points (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) in the wale direction of the knitted fabric (10, 10 ', 100) offset from each other are formed. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass innerhalb einer Maschenreihe mehrere Fixierpunkte (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) gebildet werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of fixing points (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) are formed within a row of stitches. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Fixierpunkte (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) auch in einer Start- und/oder Abschlussstrickreihe des Gestricks gebildet werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that fixing points (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) are also formed in a starting and / or final knitting series of the knitted fabric. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest bereichsweise Kett- und/oder Schussfäden in das Gestrick (10, 10', 100) eingelegt werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least partially warp and / or weft threads in the knitted fabric (10, 10 ', 100) are inserted. Verwendung eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15 zur Herstellung von Helmkalotten, Karkassen für Bälle, Schuhoberteilen, Bandagen und/oder Fersenbereichen von Socken.Use of a method according to one of claims 1 to 15 for the production of helmet caps, carcasses for balls, shoe uppers, bandages and / or heel areas of socks. Flächiges oder räumliches Gestrick, hergestellt nach einem Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es zumindest in einem Bereich homogen verteilte Fixierpunkte (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a) aufweist, die untereinander eine Netz- oder Gitterstruktur ausbilden.Flat or spatial knitted fabric, produced by a method according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it has at least in one area homogeneously distributed fixing points (FP1, FP2, 7a, 8a), which form a net or grid structure with each other.
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