EP2948235A1 - Membrane étanche aux liquides et perméable aux gaz, procédé de fabrication et utilisation d'une telle membrane pour l'élevage d'arthropodes in vitro - Google Patents
Membrane étanche aux liquides et perméable aux gaz, procédé de fabrication et utilisation d'une telle membrane pour l'élevage d'arthropodes in vitroInfo
- Publication number
- EP2948235A1 EP2948235A1 EP13811406.1A EP13811406A EP2948235A1 EP 2948235 A1 EP2948235 A1 EP 2948235A1 EP 13811406 A EP13811406 A EP 13811406A EP 2948235 A1 EP2948235 A1 EP 2948235A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chitosan
- membrane
- film
- arthropod
- polymer film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- JYCQQPHGFMYQCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-Octylphenol monoethoxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(OCCO)C=C1 JYCQQPHGFMYQCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 241000238876 Acari Species 0.000 description 1
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- OVRNDRQMDRJTHS-FMDGEEDCSA-N N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O OVRNDRQMDRJTHS-FMDGEEDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0088—Physical treatment with compounds, e.g. swelling, coating or impregnation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/08—Polysaccharides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/04—Hydrophobization
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/38—Hydrophobic membranes
Definitions
- the present invention is in the field of liquid-tight and gas-permeable type membranes. More particularly, it relates to a membrane with such characteristics, as well as a method of manufacturing such a membrane. The invention also relates to the use of this membrane for the in vitro rearing of arthropods, in particular insects and arachnids, in particular so-called biting-sucking insects, as well as a system for this breeding, incorporating a such membrane.
- the membrane according to the invention finds application in all the fields in which it is necessary to form a liquid barrier while allowing the transfer of gaseous phases, in particular molecules of interest in the gaseous state.
- a particularly preferred field of application of this membrane is that of in vitro breeding of arthropods, in particular so-called biting-sucking, entomophagous or parasitoid, in particular for the use of insects in the control of insect pests of crops and / or vectors of human and animal diseases.
- auxiliary parasitic insects therefore represents a considerable potential.
- the treatments are also carried out by flood releases consisting of dispersing massively (at the rate of several hundreds of thousands of individuals per hectare) and regularly auxiliaries in the larval or adult state in the culture to be protected.
- flood releases therefore require a large number of individuals, making the mass rearing of parasitoids a prerequisite for the development of their use.
- Such synthetic hosts proposed by the prior art consist mainly of capsules containing a nutrient medium in a Parafilm ® membrane or in gangues constituted by a hydrophobic mixture including various materials such as wax, Paraplast ® , petrolatum , alkenes or polyethylene.
- a nutrient medium in a Parafilm ® membrane or in gangues constituted by a hydrophobic mixture including various materials such as wax, Paraplast ® , petrolatum , alkenes or polyethylene.
- the present invention aims at providing a liquid-tight and gas-permeable membrane, which furthermore makes it possible, in a synthetic system for breeding arthropods, in particular insects or arachnids, to separate a nutrient medium from the external environment in which arthropods are found, to overcome the disadvantages of synthetic hosts proposed by the prior art, including those described above.
- the present invention aims that this membrane allows oviposition and / or feeding arthropods, including species whose ovipositor apparatus and / or stinger-sucker is of low power and short length.
- a further object of the invention is that this membrane has a low production cost, in particular so as to allow the production cost of a synthetic system for the in vitro breeding of arthropods in which it is implemented, less than that of a natural or substitution host.
- a membrane impermeable to liquids in particular to aqueous solutions, and permeable to gases, which comprises a polymer film of chitosan of thickness less than 1 ⁇ impregnated, preferably substantially entirely, at least one hydrophobic compound, this impregnation preferably being substantially continuous, over the entire surface of the chitosan film.
- the term "impregnated" means that the chitosan film has been impregnated with the hydrophobic compound. Impregnation is here defined in a conventional manner in itself, as the fact of making penetrate into a substance a product that spreads in a diffuse way.
- the hydrophobic compound is distributed substantially homogeneously and diffuse in the thickness of the chitosan film, over the entire surface of the latter, thus conferring on this film properties of hydrophobicity and impermeability to liquids.
- the impregnation rate of the polymer film of chitosan by the hydrophobic compound (s) is preferably between 5 and 10 ⁇ of hydrophobic compound (s) / mm 3 of film.
- Chitosan a copolymer of N-acetylglucosamine and glucosamine, is a linear polysaccharide, a deacetylated derivative of chitin, a biopolymer present especially in crustacean shells such as crabs or crabs. shrimp.
- This biopolymer has the advantages of being natural, non-toxic, biodegradable and harmless to the environment.
- the membrane according to the invention for the breeding of insects it also has the advantage of a chemical composition similar to that of compounds involved in the constitution of cuticles of insects.
- chitosan is used in the present description both to designate chitosan itself, and its derivatives such as esters, ethers, amines, amides or any other derivatives formed by interaction with the hydroxyl or amine groups of chitosan.
- the chitosan used to obtain the polymer film according to the invention preferably has a high degree of deacetylation, in particular greater than or equal to 70%.
- This impregnated chemical-free, chemically-grafted chitosan polymer film of the hydrophobic compound is advantageously impervious to aqueous solutions and permeable to gases, so that it is capable of permitting transfer therethrough of volatile molecules in the gaseous state.
- the chitosan polymer film may also be impregnated with one or more compounds of interest, for example stimulating oviposition and / or appetizing, such as alkanes, fatty acids, products of insect metabolism, etc.
- the hydrophobic compound is selected from styrenic polymers, in particular polystyrene, and alkanes, preferably C20 to C40 alkanes.
- the polymer film of chitosan is impregnated with a mixture of C20 to C40 alkanes, for example beeswax, or a mixture of paraffins as marketed under the name Paraplast®.
- the membrane according to the invention may be shaped in any desired form, both flat and curved.
- the polymer film of chitosan is superimposed on a support layer of absorbent material capable of preventing its retraction, preferably based on cellulosic fibers. It preferably has a sufficiently loose mesh to allow the penetration of an ovipositor apparatus and / or piercing sucker of an arthropod.
- a support layer which may for example be constituted by a sheet of paper marketed under the name Whatman®, makes it particularly advantageous to avoid shrinkage of the chitosan film under the effect of possible dehydration.
- the membrane thus obtained is also easily manipulated, despite the very small thickness of the chitosan film.
- the membrane according to the invention can advantageously be manufactured at low cost, and it has a good stability over time.
- a further object of the invention is a method of manufacturing a membrane having one or more of the above features.
- a membrane according to the invention is capable of being obtained by a manufacturing method comprising the steps of:
- the aqueous solution for example a solution of acetic acid, comprises a concentration of between 2 and 30 mg / ml, preferably substantially equal to 2.5 mg / ml, of chitosan. It preferably has a low viscosity, preferably less than 200 mPa.s.
- the surfactant or the mixture of surfactants, is advantageously used in a concentration capable of allowing a reduction of the surface tension of the aqueous solution sufficient to ensure that when the solution is spread on a surface, and dried to form the chitosan film, the amount of chitosan deposited per unit area is sufficiently small that the film has the very small thickness according to the invention. It is within the competence of a person skilled in the art to determine such a concentration, theoretically or experimentally, as a function of the concentration of chitosan in the acidic aqueous solution and of the particular characteristics of the surfactant (s) put (s) implemented.
- the surfactant is of the nonionic type. It may especially consist of an octylphenol ethoxylate, for example as marketed under the name Triton X-100®. This surfactant lowers the surface tension of water by 33 dynes / cm at a concentration of 1% at 25 ° C. Such a surfactant is preferably used in a concentration of between 50 and 100 ng / ml of solution, preferably about 60 ng / ml. The choice of such a particular surfactant is however not limited to the invention, and other surfactants or mixtures of surfactants can be implemented within the scope of the invention.
- the surfactant (s) are (s) advantageously chosen to exhibit no trace toxicity for the arthropod to be raised.
- the treatment under basic conditions can in particular be carried out with a solution of sodium hydroxide.
- the solution containing the hydrophobic compound (s) contains a total concentration of said compounds of between 1 and 10 mg / ml.
- the impregnation which constitutes a mass treatment of the chitosan film, can in particular be carried out by immersing the chitosan film in a solution bath containing the hydrophobic compound (s), for a period of a few minutes, for example of about 2 minutes, long enough to ensure a homogeneous distribution of the hydrophobic compound (s) which diffuse throughout the thickness of the chitosan film, over the entire surface of the latter, and to confer to the chitosan film a liquid-tight character.
- the placing in the presence of the chitosan film with this solution is preferably preceded by a step of gradual dehydration of this film, for example by soaking in successive baths of alcoholic solutions, and then in a bath of an apolar organic solvent, such as hexane.
- the method of manufacturing the membrane further comprises subsequent steps of:
- the immersion of the film in the aqueous solution is followed by the addition in the latter of a compound of a density lower than that of water, preferably less than at least 0.14.
- a compound of a density lower than that of water preferably less than at least 0.14.
- Such a characteristic advantageously has the effect of accelerating the deployment of the chitosan film impregnated with the hydrophobic compound (s).
- a compound of lower density than water is preferably chosen to have good miscibility with water. he can for example, an alcohol, such as ethanol, in aqueous solution at 50 to 70% (v / v).
- a water / alcohol interface is advantageously and transiently created in the solution, which has the effect of bringing the chitosan film very quickly to the solution surface, in a state which fully deployed, thus facilitating its deposition on the support layer.
- Such a preparation method is advantageously simple and quick to perform, moreover in a very reproducible manner, and low cost.
- the drying may optionally be followed by a heating step at a temperature between 70 and 75 ° C, for a period of between 30 seconds and 20 minutes or so, and in particular embodiments of the method. invention, a cooling step at room temperature, before storage protected from light.
- the membrane according to the invention has a wide range of applications.
- an object of the present invention is the use of a membrane corresponding to one or more of the above characteristics, in the field of separative chemistry, for the extraction of volatile molecules contained in a liquid.
- Another subject of the invention is the use of a membrane corresponding to one or more of the above characteristics, for the in vitro rearing of an arthropod, in particular of an insect or an arachnid , in particular to produce a large amount of so-called auxiliary insects usable in the fight against insect pests of crops and / or vectors of human and animal diseases.
- this breeding can for example be made for the study of the interactions between a parasite and its host, aimed in particular at developing means to make the parasite harmless vis-à-vis its natural host.
- breeding means both the obtaining of larvae from a founder, that the feeding of this founders and / or larvae until they reach the desired stage of development, particularly at the adult stage.
- the individuals thus raised can in particular be used for carrying out flood releases on cultivation areas and / or in which disease-carrying insects are likely to develop.
- the membrane is then interposed between an arthropod containment chamber and a nutrient medium for this arthropod, so as to ensure a sealed containment of the nutrient medium. It thus acts as a water barrier and antimicrobial preserving the degree of hydration and sterility of the nutrient medium.
- it advantageously allows the volatile molecules contained in this nutrient medium, particularly olfactory molecules stimulating oviposition and / or appetizing, to reach the arthropod contained in the compression chamber.
- the mechanical characteristics and the great fineness of the chitosan film allow any arthropod contained in the compression chamber to pierce it to access the nutrient medium.
- the nutrient medium can advantageously be complemented by any molecule of interest, in order to study its action with respect to the arthropod contained in the compression chamber.
- the present invention thus relates to a system for the in vitro rearing of an arthropod, in particular an insect or an arachnid, comprising a membrane corresponding to one or more of the above characteristics, interposed between a chamber containment of the insect and a nutrient medium.
- the nutrient medium is preferably gelled.
- the chitosan film is disposed on the side of the compression chamber, that is to say vis-à-vis the arthropod, so that it can be easily pierced by the ovipositor apparatus or sucker-sucker of the latter.
- the support layer is then arranged vis-à-vis the nutrient medium, preferably in direct contact with the latter. Its absorbent nature allows it to impregnate, by capillary effect, the liquid medium. When the arthropod is not able to completely pierce this support layer, it can then advantageously absorb the elements necessary for its good nourishment directly from this support layer.
- the compression chamber is coated, on an inner face of a peripheral wall which delimits it, with a coating based on at least one hydrophobic compound, preferably based on a mixture of C20 to C40 alkanes, for example Paraplast®.
- This coating advantageously contributes to recreate for arthropod an environment close to its natural environment.
- the nutrient medium further contains a haemolymph extract of bee larvae.
- the membrane and the system according to the invention can be used for breeding a large variety of arthropods, for example, but not limited to, parasitoids of the Trichogramma family (Trichogramma brassicae, Trichogramma cacoeciae, Trichogramma evanescens).
- parasitoids of the Trichogramma family Trichogramma brassicae, Trichogramma cacoeciae, Trichogramma evanescens.
- Trichogramma voegelei Trichogramma chilonis, (7), of the genus Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites rutilus, Toxorhynchites brevipalpis, Toxorhynchites amboinensis), Psyttalia lounsburyi, Venturia canescens, Lariophagus distinguendus, Torymus sinensis, Psyttalia fletcheri, Fopus arisanus, or ectoparasite mite Varroa destructor, the main parasite of the bee.
- Toxorhynchites rutilus, Toxorhynchites brevipalpis, Toxorhynchites amboinensis
- Psyttalia lounsburyi Venturia canescens
- Lariophagus distinguendus Torymus sinensis
- Psyttalia fletcheri Psyt
- FIG. 1 represents a cross-sectional view of a chitosan polymer film forming part of a membrane according to a particular embodiment of the invention, said chitosan film being impregnated with Paraplast®, observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at a magnification of 149,773 times;
- FIG. 2 shows the chitosan film of FIG. 1 in plan view, surface layer side, observed at SEM at a magnification of 159 022 times;
- FIG. 3 shows schematically, in section along a longitudinal plane, a system for in vitro culture of an arthropod according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4 shows an adult female of the Varroa destructor species being fed through the film of FIG. 1 superimposed on a sheet of Whatman® paper, observed under a magnifying glass, with a magnification of 12 times;
- FIG. 5 shows an adult female of the Varroa destructor species taken after 48 hours of incubation at 34 ° C. and 65% relative humidity in the compression chamber of a system for the in vitro rearing of a arthropod according to a particular embodiment of the invention, wherein the nutritive medium was added bright blue FCF, this female being observed magnifying, with a magnification of 12 times;
- FIG. 6 shows the interior of a compression chamber of a system for the in vitro rearing of an arthropod according to a particular embodiment of the invention, in which the nutritive medium has been supplemented with brilliant blue. FCF, and wherein an adult female of the Varroa destructor species was incubated for 48 hours at 34 ° C and 65% relative humidity in the restraining chamber, said restraining chamber being magnified under magnification 12 times;
- FIG. 7 is a bar graph illustrating the percentage of adult females of the Varroa destructor species having been fed after
- a / Po the compression chamber is internally coated with no coating and the chitosan film is impregnated with polystyrene;
- a / Po / H the nutrient medium is in addition of 25% (v / v) of a haemolymph extract of bee larvae;
- C / C the compression chamber is internally coated with a beeswax coating and the chitosan film is impregnated with beeswax;
- C / C / H the nutrient medium is further supplemented with 25% (v / v) of a haemolymph extract of bee larvae;
- Pa / Pa the compression chamber is internally coated with a Paraplast® coating and the chitosan film is impregnated with Paraplast®;
- Pa / Pa / H the nutrient medium
- a chitosan film impregnated with hydrophobic compounds is formed in the following manner.
- An acidic aqueous solution of chitosan comprises, in solution in ultrapure water:
- Triton X100 ® 60 ng / ml of Triton X100 ® (Sigma).
- this solution is poured into a petri dish 10 cm in diameter. The excess of solution is rejected so that it remains in the box that the liquid that wets it. The box is then held under a laminar flow hood for 45 minutes until completely dry.
- a solution of 1M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is then poured on the chitosan, and the film thus formed is then rinsed 3 times for 2 min with a large volume of distilled water and with rotary stirring (100 rpm) to remove excess sodium hydroxide and Triton X100 ® .
- the chitosan polymer film is then dehydrated progressively by a series of soaks of 2 min each in 70% ethanol, then 95%, then pure ethanol baths.
- the thus treated film is transferred to a hexane bath to remove the ethanol. It is then immersed either in a bath of hexane containing 10 g / l of beeswax (APIREM) or 10 g / l of Paraplast ® (Sigma) or chloroform in a bath containing 10 g / l of polystyrene.
- the chitosan film thus impregnated with the hydrophobic compounds forming part of Paraplast® is observed under a scanning electron microscope, under reduced pressure, using an ESEM Quanta® 250 FEG microscope (FEI), after coating with platinum using JFC-1 100 ion spray (JEOL).
- the images obtained are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIG. 1 in cross-sectional view obtained by MEB, white lines represent areas in which the thickness of the film has been measured. It is observed that the thickness of the film is always between 105.9 nm (bottom line in the figure) and 109.6 nm (top line in the figure).
- FIG. 2 in a view from above, obtained by SEM and also for impregnation of the film with Paraplast®, it is observed that the film is devoid of pores and has on its surface crystalline structures characteristic of salts and alkanes.
- the film is then transferred to a bath of distilled water.
- a solution of 70% ethanol is poured onto the film in order to deploy it.
- the film is then deposited, still immersed in the bath, on a support layer, for example formed by a sheet of Whatman ® paper, which is introduced into the bath and raised towards the film.
- the film thus superimposed on the support layer is dried under a laminar flow hood and incubated at 70 ° C. for 15 min.
- the membrane thus obtained is then sterilized, either by immersion for 5 min in 70% alcohol, or by exposure for 15 min to UVC radiation. It is then stored for about 12 hours at room temperature and in the dark to allow the evaporation of traces of residual solvents. It is then stored at room temperature, protected from light and dry, until use.
- This system comprises a compression chamber 10 for receiving an arthropod 1 1.
- This chamber may be formed of any material compatible with use for the breeding of insects, for example polystyrene.
- This contention chamber 10 may in particular be formed by sections about 5 millimeters long and 2.5 mm internal diameter, cut into a pipette of 1 ml of polystyrene for cell culture. These sections are previously sanded at their longitudinal ends, to obtain planar and frosted ends.
- the compression chamber On the inner face 102 of the peripheral wall 101, the compression chamber may be coated with a coating based on at least one hydrophobic compound, preferably based on a mixture of C20 to C40 alkanes, for example beeswax (APIREM) or Paraplast ® (Sigma). For this, the wall 101 is immersed in a bath heated to about 72 ° C and containing beeswax or Paraplast®, or any other desired hydrophobic compound.
- the contention chamber 10 is closed by a membrane 12 according to a particular embodiment of the invention, especially as described above.
- the membrane 12, as well as the peripheral wall 101 of the compression chamber have been represented with a certain thickness, which in no way reflects their real dimensions.
- the membrane 12 is arranged with respect to the peripheral wall 101 so that the chitosan film impregnated with the hydrophobic compounds is disposed towards the inside of the compression chamber 10, while the paper sheet forming the support layer of the film is arranged at the opposite of the room.
- Fixing the membrane 12 at the end of the compression chamber 10 may be made by gluing, for example by beeswax or Paraplast®. In general, these materials advantageously contribute to the contention chamber 1 0 reproducing for the arthropod, in particular of the species Varroa destructor, parasitic mite of the bee, conditions very close to its natural environment.
- the compression chamber 10, closed at one end by the membrane 12, is preferably sterilized, for example by immersion in a bath of an alcohol solution, and dried in a laminar flow hood prior to its implementation.
- an arthropod 11 for example of the species Varroa destructor
- the chamber is closed at a second longitudinal end by any adequate means compatible with the breeding of the arthropod, in particular able to allow the gas exchanges between the internal volume of the chamber of contention and the external environment and to prohibit any leakage of the arthropod.
- it is used for the closure of the contention chamber 10 a disc 13 of Whatman ® paper, for example 3 mm in diameter.
- Fixing this paper disk 13 to the peripheral wall 101 may be made by gluing, by any conventional means in itself, for example by a disc 14 of suitable diameter, for example about 4 mm, of adhesive such as Scotch® crystal adhesive, drilled at its center through a hole about 2 mm in diameter.
- this adhesive disk 14 has been shown in FIG. 3 slightly detached from the peripheral wall 101 and the paper disk 13. In reality, it is of course pressed against these.
- a nutrient medium suitable for feeding the arthropod preferably agarose, is placed in a receptacle 16.
- the compression chamber 10 closed at its two opposite longitudinal ends as described above, and containing an arthropod to be raised 1 , is deposited on this nutrient medium 15, so that the support layer is in contact with the medium, so that it absorbs the liquid contained therein by capillary effect.
- An adult female of the Varroa destructor species is obtained from a breeding on bee colonies Apis mellifera, under conventional conditions in themselves. This female has a piercing-sucking device of about 10 ⁇ long and low power.
- This female is placed in a system as described above with reference to FIG.
- the nutrient medium is formed as follows. Culture medium developed by Hunter (Hunter, W.B.,
- This medium contains 30% Schneider's medium, 30% CMRL 1066, 0.06 M histidine, 10% fetal calf serum, 1% Hank's salts and 4% insect supplement medium.
- This medium is supplemented with 25% (v / v) of bee larvae haemolymph extract at stage L5, obtained by membrane centrifugal filtration with a porosity of 3000 Da, the centrifugation being carried out for 15 minutes at 12. 000 g, and recovery of the filtrate. Finally, the medium is incubated at 45 ° C. and added with 20% of a 20 g / l solution of agarose, containing 0.8% (v / v) brilliant blue FCF, preheated to 45 ° C.
- agar medium 80 ⁇ l of this agar medium are placed in a receptacle 16, for example in a well of a 96-well plate, conventional in itself.
- a contention chamber 10 in which the film forming part of the membrane is impregnated with Paraplast®, and containing the arthropod, is deposited on the nutrient agar medium.
- the whole is incubated at 34 ° C. and 60% relative humidity, in the dark, inclined at 60 degrees to the horizontal.
- the occurrence of the feeding is evaluated after 48 hours of incubation in the system according to the invention, at 34 ° C. and 65% relative humidity, by observation with a magnifying glass on the one hand of the digestive system of the insect, on the other hand feces contained in the containment chamber, for the purpose of detecting the presence or absence of brilliant blue FCF staining, as detailed in Experiment 1 above.
- stimulating substances here the bee hemolymph extract
- This system thus has a high performance in terms of feeding arthropods.
- the membrane according to the invention effectively reproduces the parasite / host interface, including for the breeding of parasitic arthropods very demanding in terms of host specificity and membrane resistance, which are individuals of the species Varroa destructor.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1261785A FR2999095B1 (fr) | 2012-12-07 | 2012-12-07 | Membrane etanche aux liquides et permeable aux gaz, procede de fabrication et utilisation d'une telle membrane pour l'elevage d'arthropodes in vitro |
PCT/EP2013/075653 WO2014086922A1 (fr) | 2012-12-07 | 2013-12-05 | Membrane étanche aux liquides et perméable aux gaz, procédé de fabrication et utilisation d'une telle membrane pour l'élevage d'arthropodes in vitro |
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EP2948235A1 true EP2948235A1 (fr) | 2015-12-02 |
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EP13811406.1A Withdrawn EP2948235A1 (fr) | 2012-12-07 | 2013-12-05 | Membrane étanche aux liquides et perméable aux gaz, procédé de fabrication et utilisation d'une telle membrane pour l'élevage d'arthropodes in vitro |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2948235A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2999095B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2014086922A1 (fr) |
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CN106719459B (zh) * | 2017-01-11 | 2023-05-30 | 贵州大学 | 一种刺吸式口器昆虫流质饲料饲喂架及饲喂方法 |
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US5133289A (en) * | 1991-09-05 | 1992-07-28 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Artificial system and method for breeding fleas |
DE4228975C2 (de) * | 1992-08-31 | 2002-01-31 | Gore W L & Ass Gmbh | Oleophob und/oder permanente hydrophob ausgerüstete Fasern, textile Materialien und Membranen, Verfahren zur Herstellung der Fasern, textilen Materialien und Membranen |
DE60235234D1 (de) * | 2001-06-22 | 2010-03-18 | Univ Catholique Louvain | Hydrogelkugeln oder kapseln als künstliches medium zur eiablage von insekten und zucht von endoparasitoiden |
US6550419B2 (en) * | 2001-08-30 | 2003-04-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Arthropod diet delivery system |
CA2426629C (fr) * | 2003-04-25 | 2012-09-25 | Nova Chemicals Corporation | Processus de separation des olefines des paraffines a l'aide de membranes |
DE102010009342A1 (de) * | 2010-02-25 | 2011-08-25 | BIOCARE Gesellschaft für biologische Schutzmittel mbH, 37574 | Ausbringeinheit für die Ausbringung einer Nützlings-Vermehrungskolonie in einen land- bzw. gartenwirtschaftlichen Bestand |
-
2012
- 2012-12-07 FR FR1261785A patent/FR2999095B1/fr active Active
-
2013
- 2013-12-05 WO PCT/EP2013/075653 patent/WO2014086922A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2013-12-05 EP EP13811406.1A patent/EP2948235A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
OJAGH S M ET AL: "Development and evaluation of a novel biodegradable film made from chitosan and cinnamon essential oil with low affinity toward water", FOOD CHEMISTRY, ELSEVIER LTD, NL, vol. 122, no. 1, 1 September 2010 (2010-09-01), pages 161 - 166, XP026997533, ISSN: 0308-8146, [retrieved on 20100216] * |
SANCHEZ-GONZALEZ L ET AL: "Physical and antimicrobial properties of chitosan-tea tree essential oil composite films", JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING, BARKING ESSEX, GB, vol. 98, no. 4, 1 June 2010 (2010-06-01), pages 443 - 452, XP026934593, ISSN: 0260-8774, [retrieved on 20100204], DOI: 10.1016/J.JFOODENG.2010.01.026 * |
See also references of WO2014086922A1 * |
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FR2999095A1 (fr) | 2014-06-13 |
FR2999095B1 (fr) | 2016-06-10 |
WO2014086922A1 (fr) | 2014-06-12 |
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