EP2947290A1 - Method for aftertreatment of exhaust gases - Google Patents
Method for aftertreatment of exhaust gases Download PDFInfo
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- EP2947290A1 EP2947290A1 EP15167318.3A EP15167318A EP2947290A1 EP 2947290 A1 EP2947290 A1 EP 2947290A1 EP 15167318 A EP15167318 A EP 15167318A EP 2947290 A1 EP2947290 A1 EP 2947290A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- exhaust
- reaction zone
- thermoreactor
- aftertreatment
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title description 43
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012776 robust process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
- F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/26—Construction of thermal reactors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/10—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat accumulator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/12—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a thermal reactor
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for exhaust aftertreatment having the features of the preamble of claim 1, as well as an exhaust aftertreatment device having the features of the preamble of claim 2.
- RTO regenerative thermal oxidation
- unburned hydrocarbons and other oxidizable exhaust gas constituents are thermally oxidized.
- the regenerative thermal oxidation of the exhaust gas is first passed through a, usually made of ceramic bulk material or honeycomb bodies, heat storage to finally reach the reaction chamber.
- the exhaust gas can be further heated by additional heaters until a thermal oxidation of the undesirable exhaust gas constituents can take place. Subsequently, the exhaust gas flows through another heat storage to the exhaust and is released into the environment.
- the flow direction is changed alternately, whereby the exhaust gas is preheated before reaching the reaction chamber, whereby an energy saving in the further heating of the exhaust gas sets.
- the additional heating can be set up by gas injection or burner (so-called support gas) or an additional electric heater.
- the reaction chamber usually has a free flow cross-section, whereby the residence time of the exhaust gas is increased in the reaction chamber and the oxidation can proceed in the form of a gas phase reaction.
- Particularly relevant among the species to be oxidized in the exhaust gas are carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH 4 ).
- CO carbon monoxide
- CH 4 methane
- Such a device is z. B. known under the brand name CL.AIR ® by GE Jenbacher.
- the CL.AIR ® thermal reactor is constructed as a regenerative heat exchanger and consists of two storage masses, a reaction chamber and a switching mechanism.
- the exhaust gas flows at a temperature of about 530 ° C from the engine via a switching mechanism in a first storage mass, where it is heated to about 800 ° C.
- the exhaust gas reacts with the existing oxygen, whereby carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons are oxidized to carbon dioxide and water.
- the exhaust gas is again from heat and reaches at a temperature of 550 to 570 ° C, the switching mechanism, which it feeds the chimney or a downstream waste heat recovery.
- Regenerative thermal oxidation offers a robust process with which even large exhaust gas mass flows can be economically treated.
- Thermoreactors previously described are designed to oxidize both methane and carbon monoxide. This brings some disadvantages in operation.
- thermoreactor In order to reduce carbon monoxide, a relatively high temperature and a relatively long residence time are required in the thermoreactor.
- thermoreactor is catalytically oxidized, preferably catalytically oxidized in the thermoreactor, thus ensures that the thermoreactor must be designed for lower temperatures and a shorter residence time of the exhaust gas, and yet the carbon monoxide can be reduced to a satisfactory extent. It is thus provided according to the invention that methane is first reduced by thermal oxidation.
- the parameters in the thermoreactor are chosen to allow for partial oxidation of methane to produce carbon monoxide instead of being reduced as conventionally provided in thermoreactors.
- the resulting pretreated exhaust gas thus contains a larger amount of carbon monoxide than in the original exhaust gas while unburned hydrocarbons, especially methane, are already oxidized.
- a catalytic oxidizer This can be provided, for example, as an oxidation catalyst consisting of a catalyst support medium, as is known, for example, for exhaust aftertreatment from the automotive sector.
- the oxidation catalytic converter is set up by catalytic coating of volume sections of the thermal oxidation catalytic converter. This can be achieved, for example, by providing volume sections of the ceramic storage material present in the thermal oxidation catalyst with a catalytically active surface or introducing other catalytically active materials.
- An exhaust aftertreatment device thus contains an input for exhaust gas, a thermal reaction zone and at least one catalytic reaction zone, wherein the at least one catalytic reaction zone downstream of the thermal reaction zone in the flow direction of the exhaust gas through the exhaust gas aftertreatment device.
- the thermal reaction zone and the at least one catalytic reaction zone are arranged in a common housing.
- This can be realized, for example, by integrating a volume section with catalytically active material into the reaction zone of the thermoreactor.
- the catalytically active region is formed in the ceramic storage mass of the thermoreactor. This describes the case where a catalytically active region is formed by catalytic coating of part of the surface of the ceramic bulk material of the thermoreactor.
- the catalytic reaction zone of the thermal reaction zone is connected downstream of the exhaust gas aftertreatment device in a housing separate from the thermal reaction zone in the flow direction of the exhaust gas.
- This embodiment describes the case where the thermoreactor and the oxidation catalyst are realized as separate components.
- a thermoreactor is provided which corresponds in terms of its design to the prior art and downstream of which an oxidation catalytic converter is connected downstream.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine 1, which is connected via the exhaust manifold 2 with the exhaust gas aftertreatment device 3.
- the flow direction of the exhaust gas through the thermoreactor 11 can be changed.
- the flow direction of the exhaust gases can first be carried out alternately by the storage mass 5, the thermal reaction zone 7 and the storage mass 6.
- the exhaust gas flows first through storage mass 6, then through the thermal reaction zone 7 and finally through storage mass 5.
- the exhaust gas leaves the system via line 8 and becomes a chimney or a waste heat recovery (both not shown). fed.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine 1, which is connected via the exhaust manifold 2 with the exhaust gas aftertreatment device 3.
- the reaction chamber 7 facing volume sections 9 of the storage masses 5 and 6 provided with a catalytic coating or a catalytically active material.
- the control / regulating device 12 which on the one hand can receive signals from the internal combustion engine 1 and the exhaust gas aftertreatment device 3, on the other hand also commands Can send actuators of the exhaust aftertreatment device 3.
- the fuel line 13 via which the internal combustion engine 1 with fuel, such as propellant, is supplied.
- a branch can be provided, via which the thermoreactor 11, if necessary supporting gas can be supplied to the additional heating.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine 1 with an exhaust aftertreatment device 3 analog FIG. 1
- the exhaust aftertreatment device 3 from a thermoreactor 11, consisting of storage masses 5 and 6, and a thermal reaction zone 7 and a downstream of the thermoreactor provided in line 8 oxidation catalyst 10 is formed.
- the flow direction can be changed by the thermoreactor 11 alternately.
- the thermoreactor 11 has no catalytically coated volume sections in this embodiment.
- the pretreated in the thermoreactor 11 exhaust gas flows through the oxidation catalyst 10 and is directed from there to a chimney or exhaust gas heat recovery (both not shown).
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine 1 with an exhaust aftertreatment device according to the prior art. Here, a thermoreactor without catalytically coated zones is formed.
Abstract
Verfahren zur Abgasnachbehandlung eines Abgases einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine (1) unter Verwendung eines Thermoreaktors (11), wobei das vom Thermoreaktor (11) vorbehandelte Abgas katalytisch oxidiert wird, vorzugsweise im Thermoreaktor (11) katalytisch oxidiert wird.A method for exhaust aftertreatment of an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine (1) using a thermoreactor (11), wherein the pretreated by the thermoreactor (11) exhaust gas is catalytically oxidized, preferably in the thermoreactor (11) is catalytically oxidized.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Abgasnachbehandlung mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs von Anspruch 1, sowie eine Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs von Anspruch 2.The invention relates to a method for exhaust aftertreatment having the features of the preamble of
Zur Einhaltung der Emissionsgrenzwerte von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen werden häufig Verfahren zur Abgasnachbehandlung eingesetzt. Ein auch aus dem Bereich der Abgasnachbehandlung von kalorischen Kraftwerken bekanntes Verfahren ist die regenerative thermische Oxidation (RTO), in welcher unverbrannte Kohlenwasserstoffe und andere oxidierbare Abgasbestandteile thermisch oxidiert werden. Bei der regenerativen thermischen Oxidation wird das Abgas zunächst über einen, meist aus keramischem Schüttgut oder Wabenkörpern bestehenden, Wärmespeicher geleitet, um schließlich in die Reaktionskammer zu gelangen. In der Reaktionskammer kann das Abgas durch zusätzliche Heizeinrichtungen weiter erwärmt werden, bis eine thermische Oxidation der unerwünschten Abgasbestandteile stattfinden kann. Anschließend strömt das Abgas durch einen weiteren Wärmespeicher zum Auspuff und wird in die Umgebung entlassen. Im Betrieb wird die Strömungsrichtung alternierend geändert, wodurch das Abgas vor Erreichen der Reaktionskammer vorgewärmt wird, wodurch sich eine Energieersparnis in der weiteren Erwärmung des Abgases einstellt. Die Zusatzheizung kann durch Gasinjektion oder Brenner (sogenanntes Stützgas) oder eine elektrische Zusatzheizung eingerichtet sein. Die Reaktionskammer weist meistens einen freien Strömungsquerschnitt auf, wodurch die Verweildauer des Abgases in der Reaktionskammer erhöht wird und die Oxidation in Form einer Gasphasenreaktion ablaufen kann. Besonders relevant unter den zu oxidierenden Spezies im Abgas sind Kohlenmonoxid (CO) und Methan (CH4). Eine solche Einrichtung ist z. B. unter dem Markennamen CL.AIR® von GE Jenbacher bekannt. In diesem Verfahren wird Abgas auf ca. 700-800 °C aufgeheizt und es erfolgt die Oxidation der unverbrannten Kohlenwasserstoffe und des Kohlenmonoxids zu Wasserdampf und Kohlenstoffdioxid. Der CL.AIR®-Thermoreaktor ist als regenerativer Wärmetauscher aufgebaut und besteht aus zwei Speichermassen, einer Reaktionskammer sowie einem Umschaltmechanismus. Das Abgas strömt mit einer Temperatur von etwa 530 °C vom Motor kommend über einen Umschaltmechanismus in eine erste Speichermasse, wo es auf ungefähr 800 °C aufgeheizt wird. In der Reaktionskammer reagiert das Abgas mit dem vorhandenen Sauerstoff, wobei Kohlenmonoxid und unverbrannte Kohlenwasserstoffe zu Kohlendioxid und Wasser oxidiert werden. Beim Durchströmen der zweiten Speichermasse gibt das Abgas wieder Wärme ab und erreicht mit einer Temperatur von 550 bis 570 °C den Umschaltmechanismus, der es dem Kamin oder einer nachgeschalteten Abwärmerückgewinnung zuleitet.In order to comply with the emission limit values of internal combustion engines, exhaust gas aftertreatment processes are frequently used. A known from the field of exhaust aftertreatment of caloric power plants process is the regenerative thermal oxidation (RTO), in which unburned hydrocarbons and other oxidizable exhaust gas constituents are thermally oxidized. In the regenerative thermal oxidation of the exhaust gas is first passed through a, usually made of ceramic bulk material or honeycomb bodies, heat storage to finally reach the reaction chamber. In the reaction chamber, the exhaust gas can be further heated by additional heaters until a thermal oxidation of the undesirable exhaust gas constituents can take place. Subsequently, the exhaust gas flows through another heat storage to the exhaust and is released into the environment. In operation, the flow direction is changed alternately, whereby the exhaust gas is preheated before reaching the reaction chamber, whereby an energy saving in the further heating of the exhaust gas sets. The additional heating can be set up by gas injection or burner (so-called support gas) or an additional electric heater. The reaction chamber usually has a free flow cross-section, whereby the residence time of the exhaust gas is increased in the reaction chamber and the oxidation can proceed in the form of a gas phase reaction. Particularly relevant among the species to be oxidized in the exhaust gas are carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH 4 ). Such a device is z. B. known under the brand name CL.AIR ® by GE Jenbacher. In this process, exhaust gas is heated to about 700-800 ° C and there is the oxidation of the unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide to steam and carbon dioxide. The CL.AIR ® thermal reactor is constructed as a regenerative heat exchanger and consists of two storage masses, a reaction chamber and a switching mechanism. The exhaust gas flows at a temperature of about 530 ° C from the engine via a switching mechanism in a first storage mass, where it is heated to about 800 ° C. In the Reaction chamber, the exhaust gas reacts with the existing oxygen, whereby carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons are oxidized to carbon dioxide and water. When flowing through the second storage mass, the exhaust gas is again from heat and reaches at a temperature of 550 to 570 ° C, the switching mechanism, which it feeds the chimney or a downstream waste heat recovery.
Die regenerative thermische Oxidation bietet ein robustes Verfahren, mit dem auch große Abgasmassenströme wirtschaftlich nachbehandelt werden können.Regenerative thermal oxidation offers a robust process with which even large exhaust gas mass flows can be economically treated.
Bisher beschriebene Thermoreaktoren sind darauf ausgerichtet, sowohl Methan als auch Kohlenmonoxid zu oxidieren. Dies bringt im Betrieb einige Nachteile mit sich.Thermoreactors previously described are designed to oxidize both methane and carbon monoxide. This brings some disadvantages in operation.
Um Kohlenmonoxid abbauen zu können, sind im Thermoreaktor eine relativ hohe Temperatur und eine relativ lange Verweildauer erforderlich.In order to reduce carbon monoxide, a relatively high temperature and a relatively long residence time are required in the thermoreactor.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine geeignete Vorrichtung zur Abgasnachbehandlung anzugeben, wobei die Temperaturen im Thermoreaktor und die erforderliche Verweilzeit verringert werden können. Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Abgasnachbehandlung mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1, sowie einer Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 2. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen definiert.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and a suitable device for exhaust aftertreatment, wherein the temperatures in the thermoreactor and the required residence time can be reduced. The object is achieved by a method for exhaust aftertreatment with the features of
Es hat sich überraschend herausgestellt, dass es günstiger ist, die Oxidation von Methan und die Oxidation von Kohlenmonoxid gesondert durchzuführen. Dadurch, dass das vom Thermoreaktor vorbehandelte Abgas katalytisch oxidiert wird, vorzugsweise im Thermoreaktor katalytisch oxidiert wird, wird also erreicht, dass der Thermoreaktor für geringere Temperaturen und eine geringere Verweildauer des Abgases ausgelegt werden muss, und dennoch das Kohlenmonoxid in zufriedenstellendem Ausmaß reduziert werden kann. Es ist also erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass durch thermische Oxidation zunächst Methan reduziert wird. Die Parameter im Thermoreaktor werden so gewählt, dass eine partielle Oxidation von Methan zugelassen wird, bei der Kohlenmonoxid entsteht, anstelle, dass es - wie üblicherweise in Thermoreaktoren vorgesehen - verringert wird. Das entstehende vorbehandelte Abgas enthält also eine größere Mengen an Kohlenmonoxid als im ursprünglichen Abgasstrom, während unverbrannte Kohlenwasserstoffe, insbesondere Methan, bereits oxidiert sind. Nachfolgend wird das solchermaßen vorbehandelte Abgas einer katalytischen Oxidationseinrichtung zugeführt. Diese kann beispielsweise als Oxidationskatalysator, bestehend aus einem Katalysatorträgermedium, wie es beispielsweise zur Abgasnachbehandlung aus dem Automobilbereich bekannt ist, vorgesehen sein.It has surprisingly been found that it is better to carry out the oxidation of methane and the oxidation of carbon monoxide separately. The fact that the exhaust gas pretreated by the thermoreactor is catalytically oxidized, preferably catalytically oxidized in the thermoreactor, thus ensures that the thermoreactor must be designed for lower temperatures and a shorter residence time of the exhaust gas, and yet the carbon monoxide can be reduced to a satisfactory extent. It is thus provided according to the invention that methane is first reduced by thermal oxidation. The parameters in the thermoreactor are chosen to allow for partial oxidation of methane to produce carbon monoxide instead of being reduced as conventionally provided in thermoreactors. The resulting pretreated exhaust gas thus contains a larger amount of carbon monoxide than in the original exhaust gas while unburned hydrocarbons, especially methane, are already oxidized. Subsequently, the thus pretreated exhaust gas is fed to a catalytic oxidizer. This can be provided, for example, as an oxidation catalyst consisting of a catalyst support medium, as is known, for example, for exhaust aftertreatment from the automotive sector.
Alternativ kann vorgesehen sein, dass der Oxidationskatalysator durch katalytische Beschichtung von Volumensabschnitten des thermischen Oxidationskatalysators eingerichtet ist. Dies kann beispielsweise dadurch realisiert werden, dass Volumensabschnitte der im thermischen Oxidationskatalysator vorhandenen keramischen Speichermasse mit einer katalytisch aktiven Oberfläche versehen oder andere, katalytisch wirksame Materialien eingebracht werden.Alternatively it can be provided that the oxidation catalytic converter is set up by catalytic coating of volume sections of the thermal oxidation catalytic converter. This can be achieved, for example, by providing volume sections of the ceramic storage material present in the thermal oxidation catalyst with a catalytically active surface or introducing other catalytically active materials.
Eine Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung gemäß der Erfindung enthält also einen Eingang für Abgas, eine thermischen Reaktionszone und wenigstens eine katalytische Reaktionszone, wobei in Strömungsrichtung des Abgases durch die Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung die wenigstens eine katalytische Reaktionszone der thermischen Reaktionszone nachgeschaltet ist.An exhaust aftertreatment device according to the invention thus contains an input for exhaust gas, a thermal reaction zone and at least one catalytic reaction zone, wherein the at least one catalytic reaction zone downstream of the thermal reaction zone in the flow direction of the exhaust gas through the exhaust gas aftertreatment device.
Durch diese Anordnung wird erreicht, dass das im Thermoreaktor vorbehandelte Abgas, welches reich an Kohlenmonoxid ist, zum Abbau von Kohlenmonoxid auf den Oxidationskatalysator trifft und dort das Kohlenmonoxid durch katalytische Oxidation abgebaut wird.By means of this arrangement it is achieved that the exhaust gas pretreated in the thermoreactor, which is rich in carbon monoxide, strikes the oxidation catalyst for the decomposition of carbon monoxide and there the carbon monoxide is decomposed by catalytic oxidation.
Besonders bevorzugt kann vorgesehen sein, dass die thermische Reaktionszone und die wenigstens eine katalytische Reaktionszone in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse angeordnet sind. Dies kann beispielsweise dadurch realisiert sein, dass in die Reaktionszone des Thermoreaktors ein Volumensabschnitt mit katalytisch aktivem Material integriert ist. Alternativ kann vorgesehen sein, dass der katalytisch aktive Bereich in der keramischen Speichermasse des Thermoreaktors ausgebildet ist. Dies beschreibt den Fall, wo durch katalytische Beschichtung eines Teils der Oberfläche des keramischen Schüttgutes des Thermoreaktors ein katalytisch aktiver Bereich gebildet wird.Particularly preferably, it can be provided that the thermal reaction zone and the at least one catalytic reaction zone are arranged in a common housing. This can be realized, for example, by integrating a volume section with catalytically active material into the reaction zone of the thermoreactor. Alternatively it can be provided that the catalytically active region is formed in the ceramic storage mass of the thermoreactor. This describes the case where a catalytically active region is formed by catalytic coating of part of the surface of the ceramic bulk material of the thermoreactor.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann vorgesehen sein, dass die katalytische Reaktionszone der thermischen Reaktionszone in einem von der thermischen Reaktionszone gesonderten Gehäuse in Strömungsrichtung des Abgases durch die Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung nachgeschaltet ist. Dieses Ausführungsbeispiel beschreibt den Fall, wo der Thermoreaktor und der Oxidationskatalysator als separate Komponenten realisiert sind. Es ist also in diesem Fall ein Thermoreaktor vorgesehen, der bezüglich seiner Ausgestaltung dem Stand der Technik entspricht und dem stromabwärts ein Oxidationskatalysator nachgeschaltet ist.Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the catalytic reaction zone of the thermal reaction zone is connected downstream of the exhaust gas aftertreatment device in a housing separate from the thermal reaction zone in the flow direction of the exhaust gas. This embodiment describes the case where the thermoreactor and the oxidation catalyst are realized as separate components. Thus, in this case, a thermoreactor is provided which corresponds in terms of its design to the prior art and downstream of which an oxidation catalytic converter is connected downstream.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend durch die Figuren näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit einer Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung,
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit einer Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung in einer alternativen Ausführungsform,
- Fig.3
- schematische Darstellung einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit Abgasnachbehandlung nach Stand der Technik.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas aftertreatment device,
- Fig. 2
- 1 is a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas aftertreatment device in an alternative embodiment,
- Figure 3
- schematic representation of an internal combustion engine with exhaust aftertreatment according to the prior art.
Es folgt die detaillierte Figurenbeschreibung.
- 11
- VerbrennungskraftmaschineInternal combustion engine
- 22
- AbgassammelleitungExhaust manifold
- 33
- Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtungexhaust treatment device
- 44
- Umschaltmechanismusswitching mechanism
- 5, 65, 6
- thermische Speichermassenthermal storage masses
- 77
- Thermische ReaktionszoneThermal reaction zone
- 88th
- Abgasleitungexhaust pipe
- 99
- katalytisch beschichtete / katalytisch aktive Zone(n)Catalytically coated / catalytically active zone (s)
- 1010
- Oxidationskatalysatoroxidation catalyst
- 1111
- Thermoreaktorthermoreactor
- 1212
- Steuer- / RegelungseinrichtungControl / regulation device
- 1313
- KraftstoffleitungFuel line
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ATA377/2014A AT515898B1 (en) | 2014-05-20 | 2014-05-20 | Process for exhaust aftertreatment |
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EP2947290A1 true EP2947290A1 (en) | 2015-11-25 |
EP2947290B1 EP2947290B1 (en) | 2017-07-12 |
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US (1) | US9657619B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2947290B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN105114159B (en) |
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AT516110B1 (en) | 2014-07-21 | 2016-08-15 | Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Og | exhaust treatment device |
DE102019102928A1 (en) * | 2019-02-06 | 2020-08-06 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Exhaust gas aftertreatment system and method for exhaust gas aftertreatment of an internal combustion engine |
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2015
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- 2015-05-19 CN CN201510478367.9A patent/CN105114159B/en active Active
- 2015-05-20 CA CA2892397A patent/CA2892397C/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US9657619B2 (en) | 2017-05-23 |
AT515898A1 (en) | 2015-12-15 |
US20150337706A1 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
CN105114159A (en) | 2015-12-02 |
CN105114159B (en) | 2017-11-21 |
EP2947290B1 (en) | 2017-07-12 |
CA2892397C (en) | 2017-04-11 |
AT515898B1 (en) | 2017-09-15 |
CA2892397A1 (en) | 2015-11-20 |
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