EP2941600B1 - Récipient à pression et procédé de chauffage d'un gaz sous pression - Google Patents

Récipient à pression et procédé de chauffage d'un gaz sous pression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2941600B1
EP2941600B1 EP13870259.2A EP13870259A EP2941600B1 EP 2941600 B1 EP2941600 B1 EP 2941600B1 EP 13870259 A EP13870259 A EP 13870259A EP 2941600 B1 EP2941600 B1 EP 2941600B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
inner tube
pressure vessel
gas
tube
outlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13870259.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2941600A4 (fr
EP2941600A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Olsson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nycast AB
Original Assignee
Nycast AB
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2941600A4 publication Critical patent/EP2941600A4/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/06—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators
    • F24H3/08—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators by tubes
    • F24H3/081—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators by tubes using electric energy supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/44—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor arranged within rods or tubes of insulating material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2250/00—Electrical heat generating means
    • F24H2250/02—Resistances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0052—Details for air heaters
    • F24H9/0057—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0063—Guiding means in air channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pressure vessel intended to be fitted as part of a pressurised gas pipe and arranged for heating the flowing pressurised gas, comprising two concentric tubes inside the pressure vessel, an inlet for pressurised gas to the gap between the tubes, and an outlet from the pressure vessel, wherein the gap between the tubes has its outlet in the pressure vessel and the inner tube has a heating unit for heating the tube from inside.
  • the invention also relates to a method of heating a flowing pressurised gas in a pipe to a high temperature by leading the gas through a small gap between two tubes fitted in a pressure vessel, wherein the inner tube is heated from the inside and the heated gas is allowed to flow from the gap freely out into the pressure vessel and on to the outlet of the pressure vessel.
  • US 2,797,297 shows a heater that can heat pressurised gas to a high temperature.
  • the gas flows between the walls of an outer pressure vessel and an inner tube and then back through this inner tube along heating coils.
  • EP 089 998 shows a heater that has an annular gap between two tubes and a burner in the inner tube that must thus be pressure-classified.
  • Yet another heater adapted to heat pressurized gas to a high temperature is known from US 1 985 280 .
  • Further fluid heaters are known from patent applications US2527013A and DE19610593A1 .
  • An object of the invention is to provide at relatively low cost a gas heater for high pressure and high temperatures that is easily constructed, easy to maintain and easy to adapt to different conditions.
  • the inner tube is open towards the flow path of the gas in the pressure vessel for pressure equalisation between the inside and the outside of the inner tube without the inner tube being part of the flow path of the gas, and the inner tube has an electric element for heating the tube from inside by radiant heat.
  • the two tubes will thereby have roughly the same pressure on their outside and their inside and they do not need to be pressure-approved.
  • the tubes are therefore interchangeable without this affecting the pressure vessel approval. It is only the outer pressure vessel that has to be approved.
  • the electric element is simply interchangeable and is separated from the flow path of the gas.
  • the tube quality can therefore be selected freely and the tubes adapted to the process gas in question.
  • powder-metallurgically manufactured tubes or ceramic tubes that do not tolerate high pressures can be used.
  • a catalytic effect on the gas can be obtained and carbon deposition occure, for example, if the gas is a reduced gas containing an H 2 and/or CO.
  • the Sandvik Kanthal APM tube (ferritic iron-chromium-aluminium tube) is an example of a tube that can be used. The invention is defined by the claims.
  • Figures 1-3 show a gas heater in the form of a pressure vessel, the outer casing of which consists of a tube 11 with ends 12, 13.
  • the end 12 can be bolted firmly to a pipe, for example, or directly to a reactor vessel in a process industry in order to supply heated gas at a high pressure.
  • the entering process gas at a high pressure for example 100 bar, that is to be heated to a high temperature, for example 1000 degrees Celsius, is supplied through the end 13.
  • the tube 11 is insulated internally by an insulation 14 that is adapted to the high temperature that shall be reached.
  • the insulation can be a ceramic insulation or a fibre insulation, for example. Different sections of the tube 11 can have different insulations adapted according to the temperature, which increases towards the outlet.
  • the insulation can be created in layers with different properties.
  • two concentric tubes 16, 17 are put in as is best shown by figures 2 and 3 .
  • the upper ends of the tubes are joined together in a sealing manner, for example welded together or bolted together, and the gap 18 formed between the tubes has an inlet 19 through the end 13 for the gas that is to be heated, which is clearest from figure 2 .
  • the gap 18 is maintained by control projections, which are not shown, on the inner tube.
  • the gap is open towards the cavity 15 in the insulation and towards the tapering outlet 20 from the pressure vessel that is formed by this cavity, which is shown best by figure 3 .
  • the inner tube 17 has a closed end 21 at the outlet 22 of the gap 18.
  • the tubes 16, 17 are kept in place at the inlet 19 and the tubes can expand freely in a longitudinal direction upon heating.
  • the inner tube 17 is open towards the end 13 and has electric elements in the form of heating coils 23, 24 along its length.
  • the electric elements have their electric leads 25-28 led in a sealing manner through the end 13.
  • the inner tube 17 is thus heated only by radiant heat from inside and the inner tube does not participate in the flow through the gas heater, which means that the electric coils are not exposed to chemical or catalytic reactions to such an extent.
  • the reaction risk can be reduced further by having a small continuous supply of buffer gas to the inside of the inner tube.
  • a supply line 30 for buffer gas is shown that extends down towards the closed end 21 of the inner tube 17.
  • a gap 31 that provides pressure equalisation between the inside and outside of the inner tube 17, since the inside of the inner tube here remains open towards the gap outlet 22 and thereby towards the part 32 of the insulation cavity 15, i.e. open towards the outlet 20 of the pressure vessel.
  • the part 32 takes up the longitudinal expansion of the tubes 16, 17.
  • the first coil 23 seen in the flow direction has a tighter winding and greater power than the second coil 24 and the power of the coils can be varied respectively so that the power supplied per unit of length of tube reduces when the gas becomes hotter.
  • the first part of the flow path can have power that is three times as great per unit of length as the last part, for example.
  • the temperature of the electric coils is limited thereby. It is possible to have more than two zones with different power.
  • the gas that flows through the gap 18 acquires a large increase in volume due to heating and pressure reduction.
  • the pressure gradient and heat transfer can be optimised by having a varying gap along the length of the tubes.
  • Figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment in which a separating wall 34 seals between the pressure vessel tube 11 and the tube 16. Instead of the inner tube 17 communicating with the outlet side of the flow path of the gas in the pressure vessel, it communicates with the inlet side through an opening 35.
  • the embodiments are otherwise the same.
  • Figure 5 shows another alternative embodiment in which the pressure vessel tube 11 has a flange 36 that is directly bolted to a flange 37 on the inlet tube 38 for the pressurised gas that is to be heated.
  • the inner tube 17 is thus open towards the pressurised inlet side of the flow path of the gas in the pressure vessel.
  • the gap 18 has its inlet 39. Only one, 25, of the electric connections is shown.
  • the pressure vessel/gas heater can be manufactured in various sizes and as an example of a typical size it can be said that the outer tube 16 can have a length of 3.5 m and a diameter of 140 mm, and the pressure vessel tube 11 can have an outer diameter of 600 mm.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé de chauffage d'un gaz sous pression s'écoulant dans un tuyau à une haute température, ledit tuyau étant inséré dans une cuve sous pression (11, 12, 13) et comprenant un tube intérieur (17) étant disposé concentriquement à l'intérieur d'un tube extérieur (16), moyennant quoi un interstice étroit (18) est formé entre le tube intérieur (17) et le tube extérieur (16), et dans lequel le tube intérieur (17) est chauffé de l'intérieur par un élément électrique (23, 24) étant disposé à l'intérieur du tube intérieur (17), ledit procédé impliquant les étapes consistant à guider librement le gaz sous pression à travers l'interstice étroit (18) entre les deux tubes (16, 17), moyennant quoi le gaz pressurisé est chauffé par chaleur rayonnante à partir de l'intérieur du tube intérieur (17), et dans lequel le gaz sous pression chauffé est autorisé à s'écouler librement à partir de l'interstice étroit (18) dans la cuve sous pression (11, 12, 13) et vers une sortie (20) de la cuve sous pression (11, 12, 13) et dans lequel le tube intérieur (17) est gardé ouvert dans la direction du trajet d'écoulement du gaz sous pression en permettant ainsi une égalisation de pression entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du tube extérieur (17) sans que le tube intérieur (17) fasse partie du trajet d'écoulement du gaz sous pression.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que une première partie du tube intérieur (17) vue dans la direction d'écoulement est chauffée par une puissance plus élevée par unité de longueur qu'une partie suivante du tube intérieur (17) est chauffée.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'une extrémité (21) du tube intérieur (17) est gardée fermée et un gaz tampon est guidé dans la direction de l'extrémité fermée.
  4. Cuve sous pression (11, 12, 13) encline à être montée comme un tuyau de gaz sous pression et disposée afin de chauffer le gaz sous pression s'écoulant à une haute température, la cuve sous pression (11, 12, 13) comprenant :
    un tube intérieur (17) et un tube extérieur (16), les tubes intérieur et extérieur (16, 17) étant disposés concentriquement à l'intérieur de la cuve sous pression (11, 12, 13) et dans lequel un interstice étroit (18) est formé entre le tube intérieur (17) et le tube extérieur (16),
    une entrée (19, 39) permettant une alimentation de gaz sous pression dans l'interstice étroit (18) formé entre les tubes intérieur et extérieur (17, 16), et
    une sortie (20) de la cuve sous pression (11, 12, 13) et dans laquelle l'interstice étroit (18) entre les tubes intérieur et extérieur (17, 16) a sa sortie (22) dans la cuve sous pression (11, 12, 13), caractérisée en ce que
    le tube intérieur (17) a une unité de chauffage formée par un élément électrique (23, 24) pour chauffer le tube intérieur (17) à partir de son intérieur par chaleur rayonnante, et en ce que
    le tube intérieur (17) est ouvert dans la direction du trajet d'écoulement du gaz sous pression dans la cuve sous pression en vue d'une égalisation de pression entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du tube intérieur (17) sans que le tube intérieur (17) fasse partie du trajet d'écoulement du gaz sous pression.
  5. Cuve sous pression selon la revendication 4, caractérisée par un matériau isolant (14) étant disposé dans la cuve sous pression (11, 12, 13) pour protéger les parois (11) de la cuve sous pression (11, 12, 13) contre des hautes températures.
  6. Cuve sous pression selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisée en ce que l'extrémité (21) du tube intérieur (17) dans la direction d'une sortie (20) de la cuve sous pression (11, 12, 13) est fermée et qu'une extrémité du tube intérieur (17) est ouvert dans la direction de son entrée.
  7. Cuve sous pression selon la revendication 6, caractérisée par un conduit (30) pour gaz tampon qui mène au tube intérieur (17).
  8. Cuve sous pression selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce qu'un passage (31) le long du tube extérieur (16) des tubes concentriques maintient le tube intérieur (17) ouvert dans la direction de la sortie (20) dans la cuve sous pression (11, 12, 13).
  9. Cuve sous pression selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que le passage (31) est un interstice ménagé entre l'isolation (14) et le tube extérieur (16).
EP13870259.2A 2013-01-02 2013-12-27 Récipient à pression et procédé de chauffage d'un gaz sous pression Active EP2941600B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1300001 2013-01-02
PCT/SE2013/051622 WO2014107132A1 (fr) 2013-01-02 2013-12-27 Récipient à pression et procédé de chauffage d'un gaz dans un tuyau sous pression

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2941600A1 EP2941600A1 (fr) 2015-11-11
EP2941600A4 EP2941600A4 (fr) 2016-08-31
EP2941600B1 true EP2941600B1 (fr) 2018-04-25

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13870259.2A Active EP2941600B1 (fr) 2013-01-02 2013-12-27 Récipient à pression et procédé de chauffage d'un gaz sous pression

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20150338126A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2941600B1 (fr)
DK (1) DK2941600T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2672730T3 (fr)
SE (1) SE1400002A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014107132A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110966766A (zh) * 2018-09-30 2020-04-07 青岛经济技术开发区海尔热水器有限公司 一种增压燃气热水器的控制方法及燃气热水器
CN111121279B (zh) * 2018-10-30 2021-11-02 宁波方太厨具有限公司 一种燃气热水器用热交换器
EP4038324A4 (fr) * 2019-10-01 2023-10-25 Kanthal AB Dispositif de chauffage au gaz électrique et système de dispositifs de chauffage au gaz électriques
SE546054C2 (en) * 2020-06-11 2024-04-30 Kanthal Ab Electric Gas Heater and a Method for Heating a gas

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US1727584A (en) * 1927-08-23 1929-09-10 Robert A Carleton High-temperature fluid-heating apparatus
US1985280A (en) 1931-09-12 1934-12-25 Nat Electric Heating Company I Electric fluid heater
US2026809A (en) * 1933-11-20 1936-01-07 Sperry H Winn Electric water heater
US2462746A (en) * 1947-05-12 1949-02-22 Inman Hollis Chubbuck Electric fluid heater
US2527013A (en) * 1947-10-17 1950-10-24 Bayard L Kjelgaard Infrared heater
FR1011445A (fr) * 1949-02-10 1952-06-23 Basf Ag Chauffeur à résistance électrique pour les gaz et vapeurs qui y circulent
US2797297A (en) * 1954-11-18 1957-06-25 Brown Fintube Co High pressure heaters
DE1615278C3 (de) * 1967-06-30 1979-06-21 Gefi Gesellschaft F. Industriewaerme Mbh, 4150 Krefeld Elektrischer Widerstandsofen insbesondere zur Erhitzung gasförmiger Medien
US3968346A (en) * 1973-06-01 1976-07-06 Cooksley Ralph D Method and apparatus for electrically heating a fluid
SE8105923L (sv) 1981-10-07 1983-04-08 Boliden Ab Sett att indikera dolda fyndigheter
US5054108A (en) * 1987-03-30 1991-10-01 Arnold Gustin Heater and method for deionized water and other liquids
DE19610593A1 (de) * 1996-03-18 1997-09-25 Wastec Ag Wärmetauscher-Anordnung
US6327427B1 (en) * 2000-06-16 2001-12-04 Mhe Corp. Space heater and enclosure
US8119954B2 (en) * 2003-01-07 2012-02-21 Micropyretics Heaters International, Inc. Convective heating system for industrial applications
US8260126B2 (en) * 2009-12-17 2012-09-04 Lord Ltd., Lp Dual wall axial flow electric heater for leak sensitive applications
KR200459178Y1 (ko) * 2011-07-26 2012-03-22 최건식 이중관형 열교환파이프

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2941600A4 (fr) 2016-08-31
DK2941600T3 (en) 2018-06-25
WO2014107132A1 (fr) 2014-07-10
SE1400002A1 (sv) 2014-07-03
ES2672730T3 (es) 2018-06-15
EP2941600A1 (fr) 2015-11-11
US20150338126A1 (en) 2015-11-26

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