DK2941600T3 - PRESSURE CONTAINER AND METHOD FOR HEATING A CURRENT PRESSURE GAS - Google Patents

PRESSURE CONTAINER AND METHOD FOR HEATING A CURRENT PRESSURE GAS Download PDF

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Publication number
DK2941600T3
DK2941600T3 DK13870259.2T DK13870259T DK2941600T3 DK 2941600 T3 DK2941600 T3 DK 2941600T3 DK 13870259 T DK13870259 T DK 13870259T DK 2941600 T3 DK2941600 T3 DK 2941600T3
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DK
Denmark
Prior art keywords
inner tube
pressure vessel
tube
gas
pressure
Prior art date
Application number
DK13870259.2T
Other languages
Danish (da)
Inventor
Thomas Olsson
Original Assignee
Nycast Ab
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nycast Ab filed Critical Nycast Ab
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Publication of DK2941600T3 publication Critical patent/DK2941600T3/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/06—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators
    • F24H3/08—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators by tubes
    • F24H3/081—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators by tubes using electric energy supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/44—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor arranged within rods or tubes of insulating material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2250/00—Electrical heat generating means
    • F24H2250/02—Resistances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0052—Details for air heaters
    • F24H9/0057—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0063—Guiding means in air channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material

Description

DESCRIPTION
Scope of the invention [0001] The invention relates to a pressure vessel intended to be fitted as part of a pressurised gas pipe and arranged for heating the flowing pressurised gas, comprising two concentric tubes inside the pressure vessel, an inlet for pressurised gas to the gap between the tubes, and an outlet from the pressure vessel, wherein the gap between the tubes has its outlet in the pressure vessel and the inner tube has a heating unit for heating the tube from inside.
[0002] The invention also relates to a method of heating a flowing pressurised gas in a pipe to a high temperature by leading the gas through a small gap between two tubes fitted in a pressure vessel, wherein the inner tube is heated from the inside and the heated gas is allowed to flow from the gap freely out into the pressure vessel and on to the outlet of the pressure vessel.
Prior art [0003] US 2,797,297 shows a heater that can heat pressurised gas to a high temperature. The gas flows between the walls of an outer pressure vessel and an inner tube and then back through this inner tube along heating coils. EP 089 998 shows a heater that has an annular gap between two tubes and a burner in the inner tube that must thus be pressure-classified. Yet another heater adapted to heat pressurized gas to a high temperature is known from US 1 985 280. Further fluid heaters are known from patent applications US2527013A and DE19610593A1.
Object of the invention [0004] An object of the invention is to provide at relatively low cost a gas heater for high pressure and high temperatures that is easily constructed, easy to maintain and easy to adapt to different conditions.
Brief description of the invention [0005] The object of the invention is achieved by the method as claimed in claim 1 and the pressure vessel as claimed in claim 4. According to the invention the inner tube is open towards the flow path of the gas in the pressure vessel for pressure equalisation between the inside and the outside of the inner tube without the inner tube being part of the flow path of the gas, and the inner tube has an electric element for heating the tube from inside by radiant heat. The two tubes will thereby have roughly the same pressure on their outside and their inside and they do not need to be pressure-approved. The tubes are therefore interchangeable without this affecting the pressure vessel approval. It is only the outer pressure vessel that has to be approved. The electric element is simply interchangeable and is separated from the flow path of the gas. For the process industry, the tube quality can therefore be selected freely and the tubes adapted to the process gas in question. For example, powder-metallurgically manufactured tubes or ceramic tubes that do not tolerate high pressures can be used. With normal tubes, a catalytic effect on the gas can be obtained and carbon deposition occure, for example, if the gas is a reduced gas containing an H2 and/or CO. The Sandvik Kanthal APM tube (ferritic iron-chromium-aluminium tube) is an example of a tube that can be used. The invention is defined by the claims.
Brief description of the drawings [0006]
Figure 1 shows a section through a gas heater as an example of the invention.
Figure 2 shows an enlarged inlet part of the heater shown in figure 1.
Figure 3 shows an enlarged outlet part of the heater shown in figure 1.
Figure 4 corresponds to figure 2, but shows an alternative embodiment.
Figure 5 corresponds to figure 2 and shows another alternative embodiment.
Description of the illustrated example of the invention [0007] Figures 1-3 show a gas heater in the form of a pressure vessel, the outer casing of which consists of a tube 11 with ends 12, 13. The end 12 can be bolted firmly to a pipe, for example, or directly to a reactor vessel in a process industry in order to supply heated gas at a high pressure. The entering process gas at a high pressure, for example 100 bar, that is to be heated to a high temperature, for example 1000 degrees Celsius, is supplied through the end 13. The tube 11 is insulated internally by an insulation 14 that is adapted to the high temperature that shall be reached. The insulation can be a ceramic insulation or a fibre insulation, for example. Different sections of the tube 11 can have different insulations adapted according to the temperature, which increases towards the outlet. The insulation can be created in layers with different properties.
[0008] Inside the insulation's cavity 15, two concentric tubes 16, 17 are put in as is best shown by figures 2 and 3. The upper ends of the tubes are joined together in a sealing manner, for example welded together or bolted together, and the gap 18 formed between the tubes has an inlet 19 through the end 13 for the gas that is to be heated, which is clearest from figure 2. The gap 18 is maintained by control projections, which are not shown, on the inner tube. The gap is open towards the cavity 15 in the insulation and towards the tapering outlet 20 from the pressure vessel that is formed by this cavity, which is shown best by figure 3. The inner tube 17 has a closed end 21 at the outlet 22 of the gap 18. The tubes 16, 17 are kept in place at the inlet 19 and the tubes can expand freely in a longitudinal direction upon heating.
[0009] The inner tube 17 is open towards the end 13 and has electric elements in the form of heating coils 23, 24 along its length. The electric elements have their electric leads 25-28 led in a sealing manner through the end 13. The inner tube 17 is thus heated only by radiant heat from inside and the inner tube does not participate in the flow through the gas heater, which means that the electric coils are not exposed to chemical or catalytic reactions to such an extent. The reaction risk can be reduced further by having a small continuous supply of buffer gas to the inside of the inner tube. In figures 2 and 3, a supply line 30 for buffer gas is shown that extends down towards the closed end 21 of the inner tube 17.
[0010] Between the insulation 14 and the outer tube 16 is a gap 31 that provides pressure equalisation between the inside and outside of the inner tube 17, since the inside of the inner tube here remains open towards the gap outlet 22 and thereby towards the part 32 of the insulation cavity 15, i.e. open towards the outlet 20 of the pressure vessel. The part 32 takes up the longitudinal expansion of the tubes 16, 17.
[0011] The first coil 23 seen in the flow direction has a tighter winding and greater power than the second coil 24 and the power of the coils can be varied respectively so that the power supplied per unit of length of tube reduces when the gas becomes hotter. The first part of the flow path can have power that is three times as great per unit of length as the last part, for example. The temperature of the electric coils is limited thereby. It is possible to have more than two zones with different power. The gas that flows through the gap 18 acquires a large increase in volume due to heating and pressure reduction. The pressure gradient and heat transfer can be optimised by having a varying gap along the length of the tubes.
[0012] Figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment in which a separating wall 34 seals between the pressure vessel tube 11 and the tube 16. Instead of the inner tube 17 communicating with the outlet side of the flow path of the gas in the pressure vessel, it communicates with the inlet side through an opening 35. The embodiments are otherwise the same.
[0013] Figure 5 shows another alternative embodiment in which the pressure vessel tube 11 has a flange 36 that is directly bolted to a flange 37 on the inlet tube 38 for the pressurised gas that is to be heated. The inner tube 17 is thus open towards the pressurised inlet side of the flow path of the gas in the pressure vessel. The gap 18 has its inlet 39. Only one, 25, of the electric connections is shown.
[0014] The pressure vessel/gas heater can be manufactured in various sizes and as an example of a typical size it can be said that the outer tube 16 can have a length of 3.5 m and a diameter of 140 mm, and the pressure vessel tube 11 can have an outer diameter of 600 mm.
REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION
This list of references cited by the applicant is for the reader's convenience only. It does not form part of the European patent document. Even though great care has been taken in compiling the references, errors or omissions cannot be excluded and the EPO disclaims all liability in this regard.
Patent documents cited in the description • US2797297Å TQ0Q31 • EP089998A [06031 • .U.S.1.985280A [9.Q.63] • US2527013A [00031 • DE19610593A1 Γ60031

Claims (9)

1. Fremgangsmåde til opvarmning af en strømmende trykgas i et rør til en høj temperatur, hvilket rør er anbragt i en trykbeholder (11,12,13) og omfatter et inderrør (17) anbragt koncentrisk i et yderrør (16), hvorved der dannes et smalt mellemrum (18) mellem inderrøret (17) og yderrøret (16), og hvor inderrøret (17) opvarmes indefra af et elektrisk element (23, 24), som er anbragt indvendigt i inderrøret (17), hvilken fremgangsmåde omfatter trinnene: fri ledning af trykgassen gennem det smalle mellemrum (18) mellem de to rør (16,17), hvorved trykgassen opvarmes af strålevarme fra indersiden af inderrøret (17), og hvor den opvarmede trykgas tillades at strømme frit fra det smalle mellemrum (18) og ud i trykbeholderen (11,12,13) og videre til et udløb (20) i trykbeholderen (11,12,13), og hvor inderrøret (17) holdes åbent mod trykgassens strømbane og derved tillader trykudligning mellem indersiden og ydersiden af inderrøret (17), uden at inderrøret (17) bliver en del af trykgassens strømbane.A method for heating a flowing pressure gas in a high temperature tube, said tube being placed in a pressure vessel (11,12,13) and comprising an inner tube (17) arranged concentrically in an outer tube (16), thereby forming a narrow gap (18) between the inner tube (17) and the outer tube (16), and wherein the inner tube (17) is heated from the inside by an electrical element (23, 24) disposed internally of the inner tube (17), the method comprising the steps of: free conduction of the compressed gas through the narrow gap (18) between the two tubes (16,17), whereby the compressed gas is heated by radiant heat from the inside of the inner tube (17) and the heated compressed gas is allowed to flow freely from the narrow space (18) and out into the pressure vessel (11,12,13) and further to an outlet (20) in the pressure vessel (11,12,13), wherein the inner tube (17) is held open against the flow path of the compressed gas, thereby allowing pressure equalization between the inside and outside of the inner tube. (17) without the inner tube (17) becoming part of the throttle flow path. 2. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at en første del af inderrøret (17), set i strømretningen, opvarmes med en højere energi per længdeenhed end en efterfølgende del af inderrøret (17) opvarmes.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a first part of the inner tube (17), seen in the flow direction, is heated at a higher energy per unit length than a subsequent part of the inner tube (17) is heated. 3. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1 eller 2, kendetegnet ved, at én ende (21) af inderrøret (17) holdes lukket, og en buffergas ledes ind i retning mod den lukkede ende.Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one end (21) of the inner tube (17) is kept closed and a buffer gas is directed in the direction towards the closed end. 4. Trykbeholder (11,12,13) beregnet til indpasning som en del af et trykgasrør og indrettet til at opvarme strømmende trykgas til en høj temperatur, hvilken trykbeholder (11,12,13) omfatter: et inderrør (17) og et yderrør (16), hvilke inder- og yderrør (16,17) er anbragt koncentrisk i trykbeholderen (11,12,13), og hvor der er dannet et smalt mellemrum (18) mellem inderrøret (17) og yderrøret (16), et indløb (19, 39), der tillader en tilførsel af trykgas ind i det smalle mellemrum (18), som er dannet mellem inder- og yderrørene (17, 16), og et udløb (20) fra trykbeholderen (11,12,13), og hvor det smalle mellemrum (18) mellem inder- og yderrørene (17,16) har sit udløb (22) i trykbeholderen (11, 12,13), kendetegnet ved, at inderrøret (17) har en opvarmningsenhed dannet af et elektrisk element (23, 24) til opvarmning af inderrøret (17) fra dets inderside ved hjælp af strålevarme, og at inderrøret (17) er åbent mod strømbanen af trykgassen i trykbeholderen til trykudligning mellem indersiden og ydersiden af inderrøret (17), uden at inderrøret (17) bliver en del af trykgassens strømbane.A pressure vessel (11,12,13) intended for fitting as part of a pressure gas tube and arranged to heat flowing pressure gas to a high temperature, said pressure vessel (11,12,13) comprising: an inner tube (17) and an outer tube (16), which inner and outer tubes (16,17) are arranged concentrically in the pressure vessel (11,12,13) and wherein a narrow gap (18) is formed between the inner tube (17) and the outer tube (16), an inlet (19, 39) allowing a supply of compressed gas into the narrow gap (18) formed between the inner and outer tubes (17, 16) and an outlet (20) from the pressure vessel (11,12,13 ), and wherein the narrow gap (18) between the inner and outer tubes (17, 16) has its outlet (22) in the pressure vessel (11, 12, 13), characterized in that the inner tube (17) has a heating unit formed by a electric element (23, 24) for heating the inner tube (17) from its interior by means of radiant heat, and the inner tube (17) being open to the flow path of the compressed gas in the pressure vessel for pressure equalization between the inside and the outside of the inner tube (17), without the inner tube (17) becoming part of the flow path of the compressed gas. 5. Trykbeholder ifølge krav 4, kendetegnet ved isolationsmateriale (14), som er anbragt i trykbeholderen (11,12,13) til beskyttelse af væggene (11) i trykbeholderen (11,12, 13) mod høj temperatur.Pressure vessel according to claim 4, characterized by insulation material (14) arranged in the pressure vessel (11, 12, 13) for protecting the walls (11) of the pressure vessel (11, 12, 13) against high temperature. 6. Trykbeholder ifølge krav 4 eller 5, kendetegnet ved, at enden (21) af inderrøret (17) er lukket mod et udløb (20) i trykbeholderen (11,12,13), og aten ende af inderrøret (17) er åben mod sit indløb.Pressure vessel according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the end (21) of the inner tube (17) is closed against an outlet (20) in the pressure vessel (11, 12, 13) and that one end of the inner tube (17) is open. towards its inlet. 7. Trykbeholder ifølge krav 6, kendetegnet ved en rørledning (30) til buffergas, der leder ind i inderrøret (17).Pressure vessel according to claim 6, characterized by a buffer gas pipeline (30) leading into the inner tube (17). 8. Trykbeholder ifølge krav 5, kendetegnet ved, at en passage (31) langs med yderrøret (16) af de koncentriske rør holder inderrøret (17) åbent mod udløbet (20) i trykbeholderen (11,12,13).Pressure vessel according to claim 5, characterized in that a passage (31) along the outer tube (16) of the concentric tubes keeps the inner tube (17) open against the outlet (20) in the pressure vessel (11, 12, 13). 9. Trykbeholder ifølge krav 5, kendetegnet ved, at passagen (31) er et mellemrum indrettet mellem isolationen (14) og yderrøret (16).Pressure vessel according to claim 5, characterized in that the passage (31) is a gap arranged between the insulation (14) and the outer tube (16).
DK13870259.2T 2013-01-02 2013-12-27 PRESSURE CONTAINER AND METHOD FOR HEATING A CURRENT PRESSURE GAS DK2941600T3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1300001 2013-01-02
PCT/SE2013/051622 WO2014107132A1 (en) 2013-01-02 2013-12-27 Pressure vessel and method of heating a gas in a pressurised pipe

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DK2941600T3 true DK2941600T3 (en) 2018-06-25

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ID=51062375

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DK13870259.2T DK2941600T3 (en) 2013-01-02 2013-12-27 PRESSURE CONTAINER AND METHOD FOR HEATING A CURRENT PRESSURE GAS

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20150338126A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2941600B1 (en)
DK (1) DK2941600T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2672730T3 (en)
SE (1) SE1400002A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2014107132A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110966766A (en) * 2018-09-30 2020-04-07 青岛经济技术开发区海尔热水器有限公司 Control method of supercharged gas water heater and gas water heater
CN111121279B (en) * 2018-10-30 2021-11-02 宁波方太厨具有限公司 Heat exchanger for gas water heater
WO2021107832A1 (en) * 2019-10-01 2021-06-03 Kanthal Ab An electric gas heater device and a system of electric gas heater devices
SE2030194A1 (en) * 2020-06-11 2021-12-12 Kanthal Ab Heater

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US1985280A (en) * 1931-09-12 1934-12-25 Nat Electric Heating Company I Electric fluid heater
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2941600A1 (en) 2015-11-11
SE1400002A1 (en) 2014-07-03
EP2941600A4 (en) 2016-08-31
WO2014107132A1 (en) 2014-07-10
EP2941600B1 (en) 2018-04-25
US20150338126A1 (en) 2015-11-26
ES2672730T3 (en) 2018-06-15

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