EP2940214B1 - Precast segmental bridge, and segment - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a prefabricated segment bridge from prefabricated, in the support and / or longitudinal direction with segments of concrete set against contact surfaces and a corresponding segment.

Segment prefabricated bridges are usually produced in the so-called match-cast process. For this purpose, the segments are produced individually in the precast plant or on the construction site. For this purpose, the new segment is concreted against the contact surface of the previous segment. The previous segment serves as part of the formwork for the inner contact surface of the newly concreted segment. Here, profiles which are provided in the outer contact surface by a corresponding formwork, taken over by the new segment accurately. The two segments thus fit very closely together. Due to the profiling, which can be performed wavy or toothed, the friction of the two segments is significantly increased together. If the two segments are pressed together, then thrust forces and torsional moments can be transferred very well. If the joints are additionally glued, the result is a bearing behavior which is comparable to a monolithic prestressed concrete bridge.

To increase the carrying capacity, a concrete layer is additionally applied to the prefilled segment bridge. The concrete layer forms a continuous concrete strip, which forms a roadway for rubber-tired vehicles by an appropriate design or equipment of the surface with, for example, asphalt.

A disadvantage of the known segment prefabricated bridges is on the one hand, that in order to achieve sufficient strength, a continuous concrete layer is required. Moreover, the individual segments are in terms of identical in shape. To compensate for building tolerances therefore single Ortbetonverfüllungen or reinforced Ortbetonsegmente must be used.

From the DE-A-3540028 is a segment prefabricated bridge according to the preamble of claim 1 and a segment according to the preamble of claim 14 known.

Object of the present invention is to provide a segment prefabricated bridge, which has a high structural strength, despite series production is tuned to individual bridge gradients and is fast and economical to produce.

The object is solved with the features of the independent claims 1 and 14.

In a method for producing a prefabricated segment bridge from prefabricated, in support and / or longitudinal direction with segments of concrete set against contact surfaces, the profiles of the juxtaposed contact surfaces of the segments are at least partially machined, namely ground. Instead of grinding, which is preferred in terms of the accuracy that can be achieved with it, milling or a combination of these processing steps can also be considered. In this way, the individual requirements of the individual segments depending on the installation location of the respective segment on the bridge with respect. The contact surface can be discussed. The segments thus fit very closely together and can be pressed close to each other. By editing straight bridge courses can be realized, but it can also be created radii or crests of the bridges, with always the contact surfaces of the segments firmly abut each other as soon as the segments are clamped together. Due to the fixed contact surfaces lie together an excellent power transmission is generated. In addition, compensation areas of building tolerances are avoided by Ortbetonverfüllungen or reinforced Ortbetonsegmente, which weaken the power of the bridge and mean a significant construction cost.

By mechanical processing, in particular the grinding of the contact surfaces according to their subsequent installation position targeted areas can be created, which are very precisely matched to each other and lie flat on each other, even if the segments are installed deviating from a standard situation.

Be formed by the processing of successive contact surfaces of the segments contact points and cavities, not only a corresponding toothing, as is the case with a match-cast manufacturing, created, but it will be made areas, which for the subsequent connection of the individual segments can be used.

The individual segments are placed against each other in particular at the machined, in particular ground contact points. This results in a precisely predetermined arrangement of the individual segments together whereby a predetermined course of the bridge can be achieved. The two segments are interconnected by means of a toothing. The toothing is produced exactly by means of milling and / or grinding. The achievable tolerances of the bridge profile and the individual segments to each other are excellent compared to achievable with conventional methods values.

Also, the segments are placed together in exact position, so then the resulting adjacent to the contact surfaces cavities can be cast. This creates areas in which shear forces can be removed. The filled in the cavities potting material acts as a bar, which is located exactly between the two segments and thus optimally can absorb shear forces and torsional moments.

To connect the segments firmly together, they are tightly clamped together with tendons with external and / or internal non-composite bias voltage. Usually external tendons are used, which are guided for example in the box cross-section. But also an internal bias can result depending on the construction benefits. The tendons ensure that even with the highest load, the individual segments remain biased.

Advantageously, the segments are first clamped against one another and then the cavities are poured out between the contact surfaces. As a result, the ground contact surfaces for the positioning of the segments are obtained and the cavities are optimally utilized for the transmission of power by means of the casting compounds cast into them. Open joints are completely avoided.

It is particularly advantageous if the upper side of the roadway slab is provided with a brushstroke structure and is directly passable. By making the segments, which takes place with the deck plate down or to the side, a very dense top of the deck plate is achieved. If, for example, the formwork floor or the formwork wall is provided with a rubber mold with a brushstroke structure, then the upper side of the carriageway panel receives precisely this brushstroke structure with a roadway optimally designed for driving with rubber-tired vehicles. Especially by this measure, a roadway is created, which is fast and economical to produce. An additional road surface is not required. In particular, by the solid juxtaposition of the individual segments creates a virtually seamless roadway, which is particularly good and comfortable to drive. In addition, damage due to penetrating into pores or joints freezing water is almost impossible, since the top of the carriageway plate by the nature of the production has virtually no pores and the joints between the individual Segments due to their polished contact surfaces match each other exactly.

A segment prefabricated bridge according to the invention consists of prefabricated segments of concrete, which are placed against one another in the supporting and / or longitudinal direction. The contact surface is at least partially machined by milling and / or grinding. This allows a virtually gapless transition between two segments when they are placed against one another.

Preferably, the segments are designed with a single or multi-cell box cross-section with floor and deck plates, which are connected to webs. This creates a stable and resilient construction of the bridge.

In an alternative embodiment, the segments are plate-shaped and arranged shear-resistant on a carrier. The segments can be placed on a steel or concrete beam, which have shear bolts, which engage in recesses of the segments. The recesses can then be potted in the subsequent composite.

For additional strength of the segments, a transverse bias of the segments is provided.

Due to the according to the subsequent installation position mechanically machined, in particular ground contact surfaces of the segments a very good contact surface of the two juxtaposed segments is created. It is also possible to create individual bridge courses by processing angles of the contact surfaces deviating from the orthogonal with respect to the vertical axis or longitudinal axis of the segments. As a result, a polygon of individual juxtaposed segments is created, which is particularly advantageous for the individual construction of a bridge. You can not only horizontal radii are realized as well as crests, but also gradient for drainage of rainwater already in the individual segments by a corresponding mechanical processing of the contact surfaces of the juxtaposed segments are created.

Does the profiling of juxtaposed contact surfaces of the segments next to contact points and cavities, so these cavities can be used by a casting for power transmission. It is hereby created a very stable bridge structure, which allows an individual design with maximum strength despite a series production of the segments.

The contact points are machined so that the segments are close together, thus forming a nearly seamless contact. The durability of the bridge is thereby positively influenced. In addition, the power transmission is significantly improved.

In addition, the segments are sheared together by means of a toothing. The gearing is made exactly by means of milling and / or grinding, to obtain the desired course of the bridge, without offset of the individual segments.

If the segments are placed together in a positionally accurate manner, then with a corresponding design of the contact surfaces, sealed cavities are created which can be filled with potting material. As grout is grout in question, which penetrates into the cavities and solidifies there.

Advantageously, filling openings for the potting material are provided in the cavity, which is formed by the juxtaposition of the segments. For this purpose, the potting material is advantageously poured into a filling opening until it comes from a further opening of the cavity, which is advantageously arranged at the other end of the cavity, flows out. This ensures that, largely without air pockets, the cavity is completely filled with potting compound.

In order largely to keep the potting compound poured after filling filling openings from the weather, it is advantageous if the filling openings are arranged in the installed position of the segment below. As a result, rain or melt water can not penetrate into the cavity and cause damage here. Incidentally, a largely dense contact point between the two segments is created by the accurate clamping of the individual segments, which also prevents the ingress of water.

Advantageously, the potting material concrete or grout. This low-viscosity concrete flows very well into the cavity and fills it completely. In addition, of course, the contact point may also be provided with adhesive in order to achieve an additional connection of the two segments and a seal here as well.

Also, the individual segments are tightly clamped together with external and / or internal tendons, so a particularly simple and good power transmission and snapshot is achieved.

If the segments have external and / or internal tendon guides and deflection saddles for tendon guidance, a targeted introduction of force is ensured.

Are internal tendons arranged in particular in cantilevers of the segments, it is reliably prevented that the cantilevers can move against each other.

Is at the contact surfaces a centering device, such as a centering cone, which cooperates with an incorporated pocket of the adjacent segment, the segments are mounted accurately to each other and it is an additional removal of a thrust allows.

If an elastomeric strip is arranged on edges of the segments, edge chipping during transport and assembly of the segments is avoided. In addition, an additional seal of the joint between two adjacent segments is obtained.

If recesses for receiving tendon heads are arranged on end segments of the bridge, then the end segments can be integrated into the transition structure of the bridge. The end segments can also accommodate the bridge bearings.

Forms the top of the deck slab of the segment directly a roadway for rubber-tired vehicles, so a very simple bridge structure made of precast concrete elements is created, which can be used directly for driving. An additional concrete or an asphalt layer for reinforcing the segment prefabricated bridge or for operation as a roadway with a corresponding tread is thereby no longer required. The cost of building such a segment prefabricated bridge are thereby cheaper and in particular the construction time is significantly reduced because it can be dispensed with the application of concrete or an asphalt layer.

In order to allow the driving operation of the top of the roadway panel in an advantageous manner, this is provided with a brush stroke structure. The carriageway panel is thus directly accessible. Further measures regarding the processing of the top of the carriageway plate are not required.

In order to create a particularly stable and especially for driving particularly suitable segment, this is made of self-compacting concrete manufactured. Due to the dense structure of the concrete used, in particular in connection with the introduced surface texture, the requirements for high grip, noise emissions, mechanical abrasion by tires and durability with respect to frost and de-icing salt attack and chemical attack, for example by acid rain, are excellently fulfilled.

In particular, the use of a high-strength concrete according to DIN-EN 206-1 is used as a directly passable roadway slab. Damage caused by driving or due to the effects of weather is thereby prevented. As it turns out, this high-strength concrete is ideally suited to meet all the requirements of a concrete carriageway. It is thus a durable and non-slip roadway, which is extremely economical to produce.

Figur 1

einen Schnitt einer Seitenansicht einer Segmentfertigteilbrücke mit Quersegmenten;

Figur 2

eine Vorderansicht eines Segmentes der Figur 1;

Figur 3

einen Schnitt einer Seitenansicht einer Segmentfertigteilbrücke mit Längssegmenten;

Figur 4

eine Vorderansicht mehrerer Segmente der Figur 3.

Further advantages of the invention are described in the following exemplary embodiments. It shows:

FIG. 1

a section of a side view of a segment prefabricated bridge with transverse segments;

FIG. 2

a front view of a segment of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3

a section of a side view of a segment prefabricated bridge with longitudinal segments;

FIG. 4

a front view of several segments of the FIG. 3 ,

In FIG. 1 is a section through a side view of a segment prefabricated bridge 1 with in the supporting direction against contact surfaces 14 juxtaposed plurality of segments 3,4 and 5 shown. The segments extend transversely to the bridge 1 and are in the longitudinal or supporting direction together ranked. The segment prefabricated bridge 1 has two fields, which rest on three bearings 2. In the area of the bearing 2, two end segments 3 and a middle segment 4 are arranged. The segments 3, 4 and 5 are clamped so tightly together with tendons 6 that they are suppressed at the joints 7 between the individual segments 3, 4 and 5, so that they are pressed firmly together even at maximum load. The tendons 6 are mounted in the end segments 3 in recesses 18 with tendon heads.

Each segment 3, 4 and 5 consists in this embodiment of a bottom 8 and a carriageway plate 9, which are interconnected by means of a plurality of webs 13 and form a box cross-section. In the carriageway plate 9 more tendons 10 are arranged, which are stretched after concreting the respective segment 3, 4 and 5 and provide additional strength of the segments 3, 4 and 5.

In the present embodiment, 9 cavities 11 are arranged both in the bottom 8 and in the carriageway plate. The cavities 11 are filled after compression of the individual segments 3, 4 and 5 with potting material and thus provide thrust toothing of the individual segments 3, 4 and 5. Above and below the cavity 11 are in the bottom 8, the deck plate 9 and the Webs 13 as part of contact surfaces 14 contact points 12 are arranged. The contact points 12 are ground and / or milled after the production of each individual segment 3, 4 and 5 according to the requirements of their slot within the bridge 1. Thus, it is possible by this mechanical processing, same series-produced segments 3, 4 and 5, but in particular the segments 5, individually modify, so that, for example, a slope or radii or crests can be mapped in the segment prefabricated bridge 1.

In FIG. 2 is a front view of a segment 5 of a segment prefabricated bridge 1 is shown. It is in this case a three-cell box cross-section shown with a bottom 8, a deck plate 9 and four bars 13. Within the boxes extend the tendons 6, which press the individual segments 3, 4 and 5 to each other. At the contact surface 14 is in the region of the bottom 8 and the carriageway plate 9 each show a part of a composite with an adjacent segment 3, 4 or 5 resulting cavity 11 which extends substantially over the entire length of the bottom 8 and the carriageway plate 9. In other, not shown embodiments of the invention, however, only a partial course of the cavities 11 or only the arrangement of a cavity in the bottom 8 or the carriageway plate 9 or the webs 13 is possible.

The cavity 11 has two openings 15. These openings 15 are used for filling a potting compound. The potting compound is filled in one of the two openings until it runs out of the other opening 15. This ensures that air pockets are largely avoided. This results in a very effective shear toothing of two juxtaposed segments 3, 4 or 5.

The area of the contact surface 14, which does not have the cavity 11 or the opening 15, serves as a contact point 12. The contact point 12 is mechanically, preferably processed by grinding and thus ensures a very precise position and shape. In this way, the segment 5 can correspond optimally to the adjacent segment 3, 4 or 5 and has the effect that there is a largely dense contact between the two segments 3, 4 and 5 set against one another. By machining the contact surfaces 14 in the region of the contact points 12 such that they have a predetermined angular offset to the vertical or to the longitudinal axis of the segment 5, a polygonal-like profile of the segment prefabricated part bridge 1 can be achieved. As a result, predetermined positions of the segment prefabricated bridge 1 are very easy and accurate to achieve.

The tendons 6 are guided in external tendon guides 19. Deflections of the tendons 6 can be done by means not shown Umlenksattel.

In the cantilevers of the segment 5 internal tendons 20 are arranged. They have the effect that the cantilevers are retained precisely in shape to the cantilevers of the adjacent segments even under great load.

At the peripheral edges of the segment 5, an elastomeric strip 21 is arranged. By the elastomeric tape 21 damage to the segment during transport and installation are avoided. In addition, a seal of the joint with the elastomeric tape is obtained. The same effect is achieved by a sealing tube instead of the elastomeric band 20.

Centering devices 22 are shown schematically on the webs 13. They facilitate assembly by, for example, conical pins engage in correspondingly formed recesses. When merging adjacent segments they are positioned exactly to each other.

The surface of the deck plate 9 may be concreted in the form of a brush stroke or other structure. The segment prefabricated bridge 1 can thus serve with its surface already as a roadway for rubber-tired vehicles. In particular, the use of a high-strength concrete meets the requirements for a directly drivable surface of the track plate 9. A special superstructure of segment prefabricated bridge 1 is no longer necessary, especially since the individual segments 3, 4 and 5 already have high strength by the shear gearing of the poured cavities 11 and an additional concrete is no longer required. In addition, the exact processing of the contact surfaces 14 in the region of the contact points 12 on a tight connection of adjacent segments 3, 4 and 5. As a result, not only the segment 3, 4, and 5 itself from destruction, for example preserved by incoming water, but also the tendons 6, which are largely isolated in the boxes.

On the carriageway plate 9 concrete guide walls 23 are placed. Characterized in that the entire surface of the track plate 9 is passable, the baffles can be set up as needed and road changes to adapt to the traffic can be easily realized. If the load collective is increased, the load capacity of the bridge can be increased by additional tendons.

FIG. 3 shows a section through a side view of another segment prefabricated bridge 1 ', which is similar to the segment prefabricated bridge 1 of Figure 1 and 2 stored and designed. The difference is that individual segments 50, 51 divide the bridge 1 'not transversely to the supporting direction but along the supporting direction. There are thus individual longitudinal members present, which are divided along the supporting direction and connected to each other.

FIG. 3 provides a view of a central segment 50 with a contact surface 140. In the contact surface 140 is in the upper flange 90 of the central segment 50, a part of a designed in the manner of a tongue and groove connection teeth 110, here a spring shown. The toothing 110 runs along the contact surface 140 in the region of the upper flange 90, which forms the carriageway plate, at the point at which the middle segment 50 makes contact with an adjacent segment 50, 51. The toothing 110 is brought to an exact shape by milling and / or grinding, so that the contact with the adjacent segment 50, 51 is a positive fit. By a corresponding processing of this toothing 110, it is possible to compensate for manufacturing tolerances of the individual segments 50, 51 to the effect that the predetermined position of the individual segments 50, 51 is exactly maintained. In addition, the toothing 110 causes that at a transverse force introduction, For example, by a heavy load traffic, which is guided over the bridge, an offset of the individual segments is avoided.

In the bottom, which forms the lower flange 80 of the carrier, a cavity 11, similar in construction FIGS. 1 and 2 arranged. Laterally of the cavity 11, a contact surface 140 is provided with a contact point 12, which is also processed very accurately.

The individual segments 50, 51 are pressed together, for example, with a tensioning member 60. Then, a potting compound is filled into the cavity 11 via the opening 15 and thus the segments 50, 51 secured against transverse displacement. By processing the teeth 140 and the contact surfaces 140 and pads 12 is also a very precise positioning of the individual segments 50, 51 causes each other. As a result, very high accuracies are achieved, which are not achieved with conventional construction in segment prefabricated bridges.

In FIG. 4 is a cross section through a segment prefabricated bridge 1 'shown. In the illustration, the toothing 110 as well as the cavity 11 and the contact point 12 with respect to their mode of action is clearly visible. The toothing 110 and the contact point 12 is made very precisely by milling and / or grinding and thereby forms an exact stop surface for the adjacent segment. In the segment prefabricated bridge 1 'shown here, two middle segments 50 and one edge segment 51 each are used. Together they form the hollow boxes and the width of the bridge 1 '. The middle segments are designed in the form of double T-beams. The segments extend in an advantageous embodiment over the entire length of the bridge. But you can also in type of execution according to FIGS. 1 and 2 be contiguous or shared and unconnected in the area of supports. In another bridge, not shown, it is of course also possible that in particular the lower flange 80 is not formed closed and thus does not form a closed box. The single ones Segments 50, 51 are then only connected to each other via the upper belt, ie, the roadway panel 9 and secured by a toothing 110 or a cavity 11 with contact point 12 against displacement by transverse forces and positioned exactly to each other.

Of course, combinations of segment prefabricated bridges 1 and 1 'are possible in which a division and connection of segments is present, which extend both in the longitudinal and transverse direction of the bridge. The illustrated further details of the embodiments of the individual bridges 1 and 1 'can be combined with each other.

The present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. Modifications within the scope of the claims are possible at any time. Thus, the entire contact surface can be machined and thus a precisely fitting toothed profiling can be created. Also, the segment prefabricated bridge can be provided with rails and thus allow instead of a driving operation with rubber-tired vehicles operation with rail vehicles or a combined driving.

Claims (14)

1. A segmented prefabricated bridge made of prefabricated segments (3, 4, 5, 50, 51) made of concrete, the segments being arranged adjacent to each other at contact surfaces (14, 140) in the longitudinal direction or load-bearing direction, the contact surfaces (14, 140) comprising contact points (12) and toothing (110), and the segments (3, 4, 5, 50, 51) being pressed against each other by means of a tendon (6, 60), characterized in that the segments (3, 4, 5, 50, 51) are pressed tightly together, and that the contact surfaces (14, 140) are at least partially machined by milling and/or grinding according to the subsequent installed orientation thereof, and very precise positioning of the individual segments (50, 51) relative to each other is brought about by the machining of the contact surfaces (14, 140) and a connection having high shear strength is brought about by the toothing (110).
2. The segmented prefabricated bridge according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the segment (3, 4, 5, 50, 51) comprises a single-cell or multi-cell box section having a floor (8) and/or bottom chord (80) and roadway plate (9) connected by means of ligaments (13).
3. The segmented prefabricated bridge according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the segments (3, 4, 5, 50, 51) are implemented as plates and shear resisting arranged on a beam.
4. The segmented prefabricated bridge according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the segments (3, 4, 5, 50, 51) are pretensioned in the transverse and/or longitudinal direction.
5. The segmented prefabricated bridge according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjacent segments (3, 4, 5, 50, 51) form contact points (12) and hollow spaces (11).
6. The segmented prefabricated bridge according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow space (11) comprises filling openings (15) for a grouting material, particularly concrete.
7. The segmented prefabricated bridge according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the segments (3, 4, 5, 50, 51) comprise external and/or internal tendon guides (19).
8. The segmented prefabricated bridge according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a centering device (22) is disposed at the contact surfaces (14, 140).
9. The segmented prefabricated bridge according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that an elastomer band (21) is disposed at the edges of the segments (3, 4, 5, 50, 51).
10. The segmented prefabricated bridge according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that end segments (3) are provided with recesses (18) are arranged to accommodate tendon heads.
11. The segmented prefabricated bridge according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the top side of the roadway plate (9) of the segment (3, 4, 5, 50, 51) directly forms, that is, without an additional concrete or asphalt coating, a roadway for vehicles having rubber tires.
12. The segmented prefabricated bridge according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that guide walls, particularly concrete guide walls (23), are mounted on the top side of the roadway plate (9).
13. The segmented prefabricated bridge according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the segments (3, 4, 5, 50, 51) are made of self-compressing concrete and/or high performance concrete.
14. A segment for a segmented prefabricated bridge according to any of the preceding claims, the segment (3, 4, 5, 50, 51) comprising a contact surface (14, 140) having contact points (12) and toothing (110) characterized in that the contact surface (14, 140) is at least partially machined by means of milling and/or grinding according to the subsequent installation orientation of the segment (3, 4, 5, 50, 51), in order to be able to bring about very precise positioning of the individual segments (50, 51) to each other by means of the machining of the contact surfaces (14, 140), and to be able to bring about a shear-resistant connection of the segments (3, 4, 5, 50, 51) to each other by means of the toothing (110).

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