EP2939317B1 - Konzentrischer funkenerosiver aerosollader - Google Patents

Konzentrischer funkenerosiver aerosollader Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2939317B1
EP2939317B1 EP13814978.6A EP13814978A EP2939317B1 EP 2939317 B1 EP2939317 B1 EP 2939317B1 EP 13814978 A EP13814978 A EP 13814978A EP 2939317 B1 EP2939317 B1 EP 2939317B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
aerosol
charger
charger according
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP13814978.6A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2939317A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Pascal Borra
Manuel ALONSO
Nicolas JIDENKO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CSIC
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Universite Paris Sud Paris 11
Original Assignee
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CSIC
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Universite Paris Sud Paris 11
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP2939317A1 publication Critical patent/EP2939317A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2939317B1 publication Critical patent/EP2939317B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T23/00—Apparatus for generating ions to be introduced into non-enclosed gases, e.g. into the atmosphere
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/053—Arrangements for supplying power, e.g. charging power
    • B05B5/0533—Electrodes specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/053—Arrangements for supplying power, e.g. charging power
    • B05B5/0533—Electrodes specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of electrodes
    • B05B5/0535—Electrodes specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of electrodes at least two electrodes having different potentials being held on the discharge apparatus, one of them being a charging electrode of the corona type located in the spray or close to it, and another being of the non-corona type located outside of the path for the material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T19/00—Devices providing for corona discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/057—Arrangements for discharging liquids or other fluent material without using a gun or nozzle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/47—Generating plasma using corona discharges
    • H05H1/471—Pointed electrodes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for loading an aerosol and more particularly to a device for charging an aerosol using a continuous discharge type crown.
  • Electric shocks produce reactive gaseous species that can react with aerosol gaseous species to form condensable gaseous species that cause new particles that affect the particle size distribution of the aerosol to be characterized. Electric shocks also produce ozone and nitrogen oxides, these gaseous species are oxidizing and are therefore likely to damage materials or present harmful effects on health.
  • None of the devices heretofore proposed can effectively reduce both the aerosol collection on the electrodes and the collection of ions produced by the discharge on the walls of the charger.
  • the invention overcomes at least one of the aforementioned drawbacks by providing a device for charging the particles more efficiently by limiting both the loss of ions on the walls and the aerosol collection on the electrodes.
  • the invention provides an electric discharge aerosol charger according to claim 1 comprising a body, an ion source comprising two electrodes; the charger being characterized in that the body and at least a first electrode of the ion source are aligned on a same axis of longitudinal symmetry of the charger, the body surrounding the first electrode so as to define a circulation zone of a aerosol as a space defined between the body and the first electrode; the circulation zone of the aerosol being symmetrical with respect to the ion source (3); and in that the first electrode comprises an orifice in communication with the aerosol circulation zone, the orifice being adapted to pass ions formed at the ion source so that they mix with an aerosol circulating in the aerosol circulation zone.
  • the invention finds particular application in the measurement of size and concentration of aerosols by the use of an electric mobility analyzer.
  • the particles are introduced in the form of an aerosol in the charger according to the invention where they receive a defined charge.
  • the particles are sorted by an electrostatic field in a differential mobility analyzer. Aerosols are then counted by electric mobility range. Since electrical mobility is related to particle size, a data inversion gives the size distribution of the particles.
  • the invention is also applicable in various processes requiring a very good control of the charge of the particles and in particular the filtration by electrostatic collection of particles in suspension, the focused deposition of particles, or bipolar coagulation.
  • a corona discharge aerosol charger according to the invention comprises a body 2, a second electrode 31 in the form of a tip and a first electrode 32.
  • the first 32 electrode and the second 31 electrode define between them an ion source 3 where corona ions are formed.
  • the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is typically between 1 and 10 mm.
  • the first electrode may also be a wire or any other object having a small radius of curvature.
  • the aerosol charger further comprises a voltage generator 6 which makes it possible to establish a DC voltage between the first 32 and the second 31 electrodes in order to generate, by a corona effect, ions between the two electrodes 31 and 32.
  • the body 2 and the first electrode 32 are hollow and are aligned with the second electrode 31 on the same axis of longitudinal symmetry AA 'of the charger.
  • the body 2 surrounds the first electrode 32 so as to define a zone 5 for circulating an aerosol Ae between a space defined between the body 2 and the first electrode 32.
  • the aerosol Ae to be charged is injected between the body 2 and the first electrode 32.
  • the first electrode 32 comprises an orifice 321, 321 ', 321 "in communication with the circulation zone 5 of the aerosol Ae, the orifice 321, 321', 321" being adapted to pass through ions formed by corona discharge between the first 32 and second 31 electrodes so that they mix with the aerosol Ae circulating in the aerosol circulation zone Ae.
  • the ions are injected at the center of the particles to be charged, which has the effect of limiting the ion losses on the walls of the charger.
  • a flow of dry air Ai is introduced into the orifice 321, 321 ', 321 "so as to cause the ions formed by corona discharge to the circulation zone 5 of the aerosol Ae.
  • the aerosol Ae takes place in post-discharge, the ions are extracted from the ion source 3 by convection and mixed with the aerosol Ae, thus limiting the aerosol collection on the electrodes 32 and 31 and thus the destabilization of the aerosol. discharge.
  • the body 2, 2 ', or 2 " is a conduit consisting of a first flared segment 21, 21', or 21" and a second straight segment 22, 22 ', or 22 ". in the center of the flared portion 21,21 ', 21 "of the body 2, 2', 2".
  • the first electrode 32 ' is of hollow frustoconical shape so as to guide the flow dry air Ai towards the orifice 321, 321 ', 321 "
  • the body 2' consists of a cone 21 'extended by a tube 22'
  • the first electrode 32 ' is placed in the center of the body 2 in that the aerosol flow injected between the first electrode 32 'and the hollow cone 21' is evacuated by the tube 22 'after being charged with ions at the orifice of the first electrode 321 , 321 ', 321 ".
  • the first electrode 32 consists of two plates symmetrical to each other with respect to the axis of longitudinal symmetry AA 'of the charger
  • the body 2 is a rectangular section of pipe constituted by a first flared segment 21 "and a second straight segment 22".
  • the current characteristic I / voltage T of a plasma discharge is not linear.
  • the current characteristic I / voltage T of a plasma discharge depends on the polarity of the second electrode 31. In the case where the second electrode 31 is at a higher potential than the first electrode 32, the succession of discharge regimes is observed. next.
  • the voltage is relatively low, the electric field applied between the two electrodes 31 and 32 causes only ions and electrons present in the air because of the ambient radioactivity. These ions and electrons migrate to the electrodes 31 and 32 in the applied electric field producing a small current.
  • the regime is called "Background ionization". If the voltage between the electrodes 31 and 32 is sufficiently increased, all the electrons produced by radioactivity are captured and the current saturates.
  • the current then increases exponentially with the voltage. This system is called the "Townsend” regime. If the voltage is further increased, the discharge goes into the “Trichel” regime in which the current is pulsed and then “Corona” in which the instantaneous current is constant. If the voltage is further increased, the electric point of rupture is reached: electrons are emitted by the cathode following an impact with an ion or a photon and the current drops. The discharge then enters the so-called “Glow” regime. If the voltage increases until the electrodes 31 and 32 become hot enough for the cathode to emit ions thermally, there is a transition to the arc.
  • the succession of the discharge regimes is as follows. We first observe the Townsend regime and then the "Corona” regime. If the current is further increased, the discharge filament joins the two electrodes. This regime is called the “streamer” regime. Finally, if the voltage increases until the electrodes 31 and 32 become hot enough for the cathode to emit ions thermally, there is a transition to the arc.
  • the "Trichel” diet, the "Corona” diet and the “Glow” diet are the most favorable diets for the formation of charged species.
  • the "streamer” mode is excluded because the filaments vaporize a portion of the electrodes which leads to the formation of particles.
  • the voltage applied between the first electrode 32 and the second electrode 31 makes it possible to determine the discharge regime. In the case of “Trichel” and “Corona” regimes, it is not necessary to add a Ballast resistor to stabilize the discharge.
  • a ballast resistor 61 placed in series with the generator 6 is preferably added in order to stabilize the discharge in the "Glow” regime.
  • the concentric injection of the ions in the center of the particles to be charged makes it possible to limit the losses of ions on the walls of the charger.
  • some of the ions are still collected on the wafer 323 of the first electrode 31 during their passage through the orifice 321, 321 ', 321 "of the first electrode
  • the first electrode 32 may be composed of a layer of insulating material 324 (with reference to FIG. figure 2 ), surrounded by an outer metal layer 322 and an inner metal layer 326, the charger further comprising a voltage generator 7 for establishing a DC voltage between the two metal layers 322 and 326 of the electrode, typically a few hundred volts.
  • the difference in voltage between the two metal layers 322 and 326 of the first electrode 32 creates an electrostatic field which makes it possible to increase the speed of the ions during their passage through the orifice 321, 321 ', 321 "and thus to limit the amount of ions collected on the first electrode 32 at the orifice 321, 321 ', 321 ".
  • a voltage generator 8 is advantageously added (with reference to FIG. figure 3 ) for establishing a DC voltage, typically a few hundred volts, between the outer metal layer 326 of the first electrode 32 and the body 2.
  • the potential difference between the first electrode 32 and the body 2 creates an electrostatic field between the body 2 and the first electrode 32 which limits the collection of ions collected on the first electrode 32.
  • rings 23 (with reference to FIG. figure 5a ) polarized successive of the same polarity as the particles at the level of the party narrowed 22, 22 ', 22 "of the body 2, 2', 2", so as to confine the ions in the center of the narrowed portion 22, 22 ', 22 "of the body 2, 2', 2" by electrostatic repulsion.
  • the narrowed portion 22, 22 ', 22 "of the body 2, 2', 2" may consist of two hemicylindrical electrodes, powered by an alternating current generator 24 (with reference to FIG. figure 5b ), so as to form an oscillating field in the narrowed portion 22, 22 ', 22 "of the body 2, 2', 2".
  • the narrowed portion 22, 22 ', 22 "of the body 2, 2', 2" may consist of three electrodes powered by a three-phase current generator 25 (with reference to FIG. figure 5c ), so as to form a rotating field in the narrowed portion 22, 22 ', 22 "of the body 2, 2', 2".

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Aerosollader mit elektrischer Entladung, Folgendes beinhaltend:
    - einen Körper (2, 2', 2");
    - eine Ionenquelle (3), welche zwei Elektroden (31, 32, 32', 32") beinhaltet;
    - wobei der Körper (2, 2', 2") und mindestens eine erste Elektrode (32, 32', 32") der Ionenquelle (3) auf einer gleichen Symmetrie-Längsachse (AA') des Laders ausgefluchtet sind, wobei der Körper (2, 2', 2") die erste Elektrode (32, 32', 32") in einer Weise umgibt, dass einen Zirkulationsbereich (5) eines Aerosols als einen zwischen dem Körper (2, 2', 2") und der ersten Elektrode (32, 32', 32") definierten Raum definiert wird;
    - wobei die erste Elektrode (32, 32', 32") eine Öffnung (321, 321', 321") in Kommunikation mit dem Zirkulationsbereich (5) des Aerosols (Ae) beinhaltet, wobei die Öffnung (321, 321', 321") geeignet ist, um Ionen durchzulassen, welche auf Höhe der Ionenquelle (3) gebildet werden, damit sie sich mit einem Aerosol (Ae) vermischen, welches in dem Aerosol (Ae)-Zirkulationsbereich (5) zirkuliert;
    wobei der Lader dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass der Zirkulationsbereich des Aerosols symmetrisch zur Ionenquelle (3) ist.
  2. Aerosollader mit elektrischer Entladung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ionenquelle (3) zudem eine zweite Elektrode (31) beinhaltet, welche mit dem Körper (2, 2', 2") und der ersten Elektrode (32, 32', 32") auf der Symmetrie-Längsachse (AA') des Laders ausgefluchtet ist.
  3. Aerosollader mit elektrischer Entladung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Elektrode (31) eine Spitze oder ein Draht ist.
  4. Aerosollader mit elektrischer Entladung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Körper (2, 2', 2") eine Leitung ist, gebildet aus einem ersten aufgeweiteten Segment (21, 21', 21") und einem zweiten, geraden Segment (22, 22', 22"), wobei die erste Elektrode (32, 32', 32") im Mittelpunkt des ersten, aufgeweiteten Segments (21, 21', 21") positioniert ist.
  5. Aerosollader nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Elektrode (32') eine kegelstumpfartige Form besitzt, wobei der Körper (2') aus einem Kegel (21') besteht, der durch eine Röhre (22') verlängert wird.
  6. Aerosollader nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Elektrode (32") aus zwei miteinander zur Symmetrie-Längsachse (AA') des Laders symmetrischen Platten besteht.
  7. Aerosollader nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, welcher zudem einen Spannungsgenerator (6) beinhaltet, welcher es ermöglicht, eine Gleichspannung zwischen der ersten (32, 32', 32") und der zweiten (31) Elektrode herzustellen.
  8. Aerosollader nach Anspruch 4, zudem beinhaltend einen Ballastwiderstand (61), welcher in Reihe mit dem Generator (6) platziert ist.
  9. Aerosollader nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Elektrode (32, 32', 32") aus einer Schicht Isoliermaterial (324) gebildet ist, welche mit einer äußeren metallenen Schicht (322) und einer inneren metallenen Schicht (326) umgeben ist, wobei der Lader zudem einen Spannungsgenerator (7) beinhaltet, welcher es ermöglicht, eine Gleichspannung zwischen den beiden metallenen Schichten (322, 326) der Elektrode herzustellen.
  10. Aerosollader nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, zudem beinhaltend einen Spannungsgenerator (8), welcher es ermöglicht, eine Gleichspannung zwischen der äußeren metallenen Schicht (326) der ersten Elektrode (32, 32', 32") und dem Körper (2, 2', 2") herzustellen.
  11. Aerosollader nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 10, zudem beinhaltend aufeinanderfolgende Ringe (23), welche mit derselben Polarität polarisiert sind wie die Partikel und auf Höhe des verengten Teils (22, 22', 22") des Körpers (2, 2', 2") in einer Weise positioniert sind, dass die Ionen im Mittelpunkt des verengten Teils (22, 22', 22") des Körpers (2, 2', 2") durch elektrostatische Abstoßung eingeschlossen werden.
  12. Aerosollader nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der verengte Teil (22, 22', 22") des Körpers (2, 2', 2") aus zwei halbzylindrischen Elektroden besteht, welche durch einen Wechselstromgenerator (24) in einer Weise gespeist werden, dass ein oszillierendes Feld in dem verengten Teil (22, 22', 22") des Körpers (2, 2', 2") gebildet wird.
  13. Aerosollader nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der verengte Teil (22, 22', 22") des Körpers (2, 2', 2") aus drei Elektroden besteht, die durch einen Dreiphasenstromgenerator (25) in einer Weise gespeist werden, dass ein Drehfeld in dem verengten Teil (22, 22', 22") des Körpers (2, 2', 2") gebildet wird.
EP13814978.6A 2012-12-28 2013-12-23 Konzentrischer funkenerosiver aerosollader Not-in-force EP2939317B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1262942A FR3000414B1 (fr) 2012-12-28 2012-12-28 Chargeur d'aerosol concentrique par decharge electrique
PCT/EP2013/077949 WO2014102258A1 (fr) 2012-12-28 2013-12-23 Chargeur d'aérosol concentrique par décharge électrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2939317A1 EP2939317A1 (de) 2015-11-04
EP2939317B1 true EP2939317B1 (de) 2019-07-31

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EP13814978.6A Not-in-force EP2939317B1 (de) 2012-12-28 2013-12-23 Konzentrischer funkenerosiver aerosollader

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US (1) US10177541B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2939317B1 (de)
FR (1) FR3000414B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2014102258A1 (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH713662A2 (de) * 2017-03-30 2018-10-15 Soudronic Ag Pulversprühkopf und Pulverbeschichtungsanlage mit einem solchen.
CH713909A1 (de) 2017-06-21 2018-12-28 Soudronic Ag Vorrichtung zur unterbruchlosen Beschichtung von Dosenzargen und Betriebsverfahren.
WO2019075603A1 (zh) * 2017-10-16 2019-04-25 天津策浪生物科技有限公司 用于流化床设备的电喷雾装置、流化床设备及方法
EP3671983A1 (de) * 2018-12-19 2020-06-24 Blueair Cabin Air AB Ionisator
CN117206081B (zh) * 2023-09-28 2024-05-17 广州镜湖香精科技有限公司 一种低功耗静电驱动的气味捕集装置

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SE458077B (sv) * 1987-07-03 1989-02-20 Astra Vent Ab Anordning foer transport och ev samtidig rening av luft
JP3046951B2 (ja) * 1998-04-27 2000-05-29 株式会社セイスイ 空気清浄化装置
ATE313384T1 (de) * 1999-04-23 2006-01-15 Battelle Memorial Institute Richtungsverstellbarer ehd- aerosol-zerstäuber
US6082628A (en) * 1999-05-14 2000-07-04 Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas Powder charger and sprayer
DE10348217A1 (de) * 2003-10-16 2005-05-25 Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Aerosolauf- oder Aerosolumladung in einen definierten Ladungszustand einer bipolaren Diffusionsaufladung mit Hilfe einer elektrischen Entladung im Aerosolraum
TWI365769B (en) * 2009-10-15 2012-06-11 Univ Nat Chiao Tung Particles charger with high-speed airflow for enhancing charging efficiency

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3000414A1 (fr) 2014-07-04
US20150349501A1 (en) 2015-12-03
EP2939317A1 (de) 2015-11-04
WO2014102258A1 (fr) 2014-07-03
US10177541B2 (en) 2019-01-08
FR3000414B1 (fr) 2015-07-10

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