EP2935700A2

EP2935700A2 - Method for controlling a sluice drive for a sluice, said sluice drive having an electrical machine, operating circuit, sluice drive, and water power plant

Info

Publication number: EP2935700A2
Application number: EP13815474.5A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Andreas Janssen; Heinrich Uphoff
Original assignee: Wobben Properties GmbH
Current assignee: Wobben Properties GmbH
Priority date: 2012-12-21
Filing date: 2013-12-18
Publication date: 2015-10-28
Also published as: BR112015014225A2; CA2893796C; ZA201503923B; JP2016502006A; WO2014096113A3; CN104870716A; WO2014096113A2; US20150330047A1; AU2013360689B2; RU2627999C2; CL2015001780A1; CA2893796A1; US9758940B2; RU2015129698A; TW201441451A; AU2013360689A1; DE102012224188A1; KR20150096526A; NZ709545A; MX2015007552A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling a sluice drive (200) for a sluice (100), in particular for a roller-type sluice, preferably in a water power plant (1000), wherein the drive has an electrical machine, in particular an asynchronous machine (210), in particular an asynchronous motor/generator. According to the invention, provision is made for the electrical machine, in particular asynchronous machine (210), to have a fan brake (230), wherein the method comprises the steps of: releasing the fan brake (230) if an insufficient power supply is indicated, automatically operating the electrical machine, in particular asynchronous machine (210), wherein the electrical machine, in particular asynchronous machine, is operated as a generator in island mode in which a rotating field is automatically generated.

Description

Method for controlling a water contactor drive for a water contactor with an electric machine, operating circuit, water contactor drive and hydropower plant

The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 for controlling a water contactor drive for a water contactor, in particular for a water roller contactor, preferably in a hydropower plant, wherein the drive comprises an asynchronous machine, in particular an asynchronous motor / generator. Furthermore, the invention relates to an operating circuit for controlling a water contactor drive for a water contactor. Furthermore, the invention relates to a water contactor drive and a hydropower plant.

A hydroelectric power plant serves to convert a potential energy of water into electrical energy. For this purpose, dammed or flowing water is supplied in a water detection via a bed load and an inlet rake of a usually in a turbine pipe, (eg suction pipe or pressure tube) arranged turbine in the flow direction and drives the turbine thereby. The water leaving the turbine is fed via an outlet to the further water drain. Depending on the height of fall between the water intake and the outlet, a distinction is made between low, medium and high pressure hydropower plants; a fall height can be regularly in the range between 1 m and up to 10m, in some cases even above 15m, lie. Depending on the height of fall, different turbine types can be used, as described for example in EP 1 440 240 B1. Regardless of the concrete design of a turbine shows that it should be operated load-dependent; For example, a load-dependent operation of a turbine can be achieved in that a turbine geometry is set variable, z. B. by a pitch angle of turbine blades is changed. However, it may also be necessary to detect an emergency situation and to close a designated also for the protection of a hydropower plant water contactor; for example, this may involve the case of a fully open turbine geometry, even in normal operating or test situations; eg with turbine blades pitched out of the flow (turbine on passage). This can also affect real emergencies; For example, in case of intrusion of possibly acting disadvantageous for a turbine bedload or if in technical problems of the water engine and / or turbine of a hydropower plant, a water flow should be stopped. Under an emergency situation in the present case is thus understood in general any operating situation in which it is necessary or useful to close the water contactor in front of the turbine or in front of the turbine pipe of the turbine. In the present case, a water contactor generally refers to a part of a weir system, in particular in the case of a hydropower plant, which has a movable contactor device, in particular a protective panel, for regulating the water flowing through the weir system, in particular in the case of a hydropower plant. For example, a protective panel may be guided in niches by military piers anchored in the weir. Basically, a distinction is made between a sliding contactor and a rolling contactor, depending on whether the protective panel is movable in slide rails and / or guided by means of castors such as running and guiding rollers of a roller arrangement. Under a water contactor drive is generally understood to mean any drive which is suitable, if necessary. In combination with a gearbox, to put the shield panel directly or via a roller assembly such as running and guiding rollers in motion or to inhibit movement.

A problem in an operating situation, especially emergency situation is that on the one hand a contactor device such as a protective panel with comparatively high weight must be quickly set in motion. Although a weight force of the protective panel initially is fundamentally advantageous for initiating the movement, on the other hand the considerable resistance forces generated by the weight force for moving a protective panel must also be overcome. The resistance forces are primarily attributable to frictional forces acting on the guidance of the protective panel, in particular also as a result of the water force. Protective panels can have weights of possibly several tons to tens of tons.

On the one hand, in the event of an operating situation such as an emergency closing situation, a protective panel or the like can be set in motion against inertial forces and, above all, friction forces in order to avoid damage, in particular in the worst case destruction of the turbine system and / or the hydropower plant (in particular comprising a generator or the like electric Wasserkarftmaschine, in particular also includes a possible transmission or the like powertrain components and / or Stromformer components) of the hydropower plant to avoid. Above all, however, a movement of a protective panel and the upstream control of a water contactor drive can be particularly critical if the emergency situation coincides with a situation in which no power supply is available for the water contactor drive; In particular, this situation proves to be problematic in the event that an electrical machine, ie an electrical Motor / generator, provided with the water contactor drive. Because in the previously explained emergency situation without power supply are then usual measures for braking the electric machine in the water contactor drive only conditionally available due to the lack of power. In such a situation, it could be expected that a protective shield of a water cannon entering unhindered in an emergency situation would cause massive damage at the time of impact at the bottom of the guide of the protective panel; This is due to the inertial forces of a high-impact impact shield. For example, forces of a 30t shield panel at a drop height of 10m may result in the destruction of at least the guide and the bottom of the water contactor and, if necessary, the shield panel itself. In particular, even jamming the same in the guide may be the undesirable consequence.

As a result, in an emergency situation, even in the absence of power supply, not only is it necessary to ensure rapid movement of the protective panel, but also adequate control of the water contactor drive to prevent unimpeded impact of the water shield panel at the bottom.

The German Patent and Trademark Office has in the priority application for the present application, the following prior art research: DE 80 09 242 1 1 1 U1 and DE 893 920th At this point, the invention, whose object is to provide a method and apparatus for controlling a water contactor drive with an asynchronous motor for a water contactor, in particular for a water roller contactor, the retraction of the passive passive, d , H. In particular, without power supply, even without mains power supply and even without uninterruptible power supply fuse ensured, while still preventing the panel protector unchecked or otherwise stops uncontrolled.

The object of the invention is thus to provide a method and a device for controlling a water contactor drive, preferably in operation, which are improved over the prior art, but at least to address one of the problems described above. At least an alternative solution to a known in the prior art solution should be proposed. In particular, a device should and a method can be provided by means of which, in an emergency situation, it is necessary to react reliably and at the same time safely while avoiding further damage.

The object concerning the method is solved by a method of claim 1. According to the invention, it is provided that the asynchronous motor is equipped with a fan brake and the method has, after detecting an emergency situation, steps according to the invention:

- release the fan brake in the event that an insufficient power supply is displayed,

- Automatic operation of the electrical machine, wherein the electric machine is operated in generator island operation, in which a rotating field is generated automatically.

The electric machine (motor / generator) is in particular an asynchronous machine.

For use, an asynchronous motor / generator (asynchronous machine) is preferably provided for the water contactor drive. Although an asynchronous machine for use in a water contactor drive proves to be fundamentally advantageous because it is robust and relatively low maintenance; This is mainly because a mode of operation without brushing is possible. In the case of the three-phase asynchronous motor, the mode of action is based on a rotating field which is generated by the stator winding of the stationary part of the asynchronous motor, namely the stator or stator. In the realized by the stator winding primary side of the three-phase asynchronous motor is a rotating squirrel-cage rotor (also called cage), which represents the secondary side. The self-adjusting current depends on the speed. The rotor of the asynchronous motor usually turns always slower than the rotating field on the coils of the primary side. The control of the asynchronous machine, in particular asynchronous motor, usually takes place via electromechanical contactors. You can see the engine speed, especially engine speed, via inverter, such. B. Control frequency converters by increasing or decreasing the frequency. This is particularly useful in a system such as a water contactor drive, which may require a variable speed, without an adjustable transmission should be used. In a water contactor drive system, a transmission for actuating the roller arrangement, in particular with at least one deflection roller, is preferably provided for moving a water roller contactor. The method according to the concept of the invention proves to be sufficiently reliable and at the same time feasible, in particular without avoiding further damage, even in the event of a lack of power supply. The reliable and damage-free implementation of the method in an emergency situation is particularly advantageous even if a mains power supply is missing and an uninterruptible power supply is not available.

In the context of a particularly preferred development, the method, in particular after the detection of an emergency situation, also comprises the steps: detection of an insufficient, in particular missing, power supply. In particular, a lack of a mains current or a mains voltage and / or a lack of an uninterruptible power supply can be detected. The lack of an uninterruptible power supply may also be due to the fact that a plant (UPS) for uninterruptible power supply is not installed - a preference of the concept of the invention described here is that advantageously the provision of a system (UPS) for uninterruptible power supply is not required since the concept of the invention makes possible a safe operation of the water contactor drive even in an emergency situation without mains current or without mains voltage; This leads to a component and cost savings.

The concept of the invention also leads to an operating circuit of claim 13, for controlling a water contactor drive for a water contactor, in particular for a water roller contactor, preferably in a hydropower plant, wherein the drive comprises an asynchronous machine, in particular an asynchronous motor / generator. According to the invention, it is provided that

- The electric machine, in particular asynchronous machine, a fan brake (230), wherein

- The operating circuit has a first power line, in particular for normal operation, and a second power line, in particular for emergency operation, wherein

- The second power train is designed to operate the electric machine, in particular asynchronous machine, in generator island operation automatically, with a rotating field is generated automatically. In a particularly preferred development, a rotating field can be generated automatically, in particular with at least one first stage of load resistors for a first control and / or regulating stage and a second stage of load resistors for a second control and / or regulating stage. Advantageously, different braking resistors can be realized by way of this.

The concept of the invention also leads to a water contactor drive of claim 14. In particular, the water contactor drive is designed to control an asynchronous machine for a water contactor, preferably in the form of a water roller contactor drive for a water roller contactor.

The concept of the invention also leads to a hydropower plant of claim 23 with a water contactor drive of the aforementioned type. In the hydropower plant of the water contactor drive is designed to control an electrical machine, in particular asynchronous machine, for a water contactor, in particular for a water roller contactor, said electrical machine, in particular asynchronous machine having a fan brake.

The electric machine, in particular asynchronous machine, according to the invention has a fan brake and further a signaling unit. The signaling unit is advantageously designed to detect and / or display an emergency shutdown situation, in particular also a failure of a supply current or a supply voltage;

an actuator unit which is designed to implement a release of the fan brake, in particular in the event that a missing power supply is indicated;

- An operating circuit for automatically operating the asynchronous machine, wherein the operating circuit is designed to operate the asynchronous machine (as an asynchronous generator) in generator island operation, wherein a rotating field is generated automatically.

Advantageous developments of the inventions can be found in the dependent claims and give in particular advantageous ways to implement the above-described concept within the scope of the task, as well as with regard to further advantages. In a further development variant, the method is also applicable when a power supply is detected. In this case, the current-based measures for braking the asynchronous motor and thus the protective panel such as countercurrent braking, lowering or regenerative braking or DC braking of the asynchronous motor are particularly suitable.

In particular, in the event that an adequate power supply is displayed, is provided: detecting the power supply, in particular a power supply from a power grid and / or a system for uninterruptible power supply (UPS), wherein the electrical machine, in particular asynchronous machine is operated with the power supply , The electrical machine, in particular asynchronous machine, can then be operated at variable rotational speeds, in particular in the event that an adequate power supply is displayed. In particular, it may be provided for this case that the electrical machine, in particular the asynchronous machine, is operated for slow closing of the water contactor and / or an electric stop ramp is driven for the asynchronous machine. This is especially true in the event that a sufficient power supply is displayed, in particular under electrical regulation of the asynchronous machine and / or a frequency converter.

Additionally or alternatively, both in the case of detecting an insufficient, in particular missing, power supply z. B. an insufficient power supply from a power grid and / or insufficient power to a system for uninterruptible power supply (UPS) - in particular additionally in the case of detecting an emergency situation, be provided that an electromechanical stop ramp for the asynchronous motor under rules and / or preferably controlling the fan brake is driven. In general, a known per se fan brake can be provided. In particular, within the scope of a further development, a fan brake may be provided in such a way that an asynchronous motor / generator or similar electric machine is mechanically held in the de-energized state. For example, brake springs can press axially movable armature disks of a rotor against a friction lining against the stator. For example, the braking torque can be transmitted to a shaft via a feather key connection of a friction lining carrier or a toothed driving disk. If a DC voltage is applied to the brake coil, the armature disc releases brake pad so that the engine can run up. This exemplary description of a fan brake serves only to illustrate a possible fan speed. brake operating principle - the invention is not limited to a specific embodiment of a fan brake.

In the context of a preferred development of the method upon detection of an emergency shutdown situation, the release of the fan brake takes place with automatic and self-actuated lifting of the fan brake. In particular, the asynchronous motor can then be driven by the force of gravity of the water contactor, in particular the protective panel, for example, in which the protective panel pulls on the tension cord of the castors and the power of the tension cord is transmitted to the asynchronous machine via the transmission. Specifically, the asynchronous machine can be driven under the action of a weight force of a protective panel of the water contactor. In particular, this can be done via a capacitor arrangement of excitation capacitors. In that case, the asynchronous motor or the like electrical machine generates a rotating field automatically in regenerative island operation.

In particular, even in the case of an insufficient power supply, the asynchronous machine or similar electric machine can be operated with different, in particular substantially predetermined fixed, first and second rotational speeds, in particular in the event that an insufficient power supply is indicated, in particular without power supply. Specifically, at least one control and / or regulating stage, in particular a first control and / or regulating stage as a braking stage and a second control and / or regulating stage as a stopping stage for the asynchronous machine can be run under load switching of the fan brake.

Particularly preferably, braking of the asynchronous machine (in the case of the asynchronous generator operated in isolated mode) can be effected by connecting a first stage of load resistors. In particular, brake control of the asynchronous machine can be voltage-dependent and / or dependent on a position of the water contactor. It has proven to be particularly preferred that the asynchronous machine is controlled at least in two speed levels. For this purpose, it has proved to be advantageous to switch on a first and a second stage of load resistances depending on the voltage and / or depending on a position of the water contactor, in particular to connect a first and a second stage of load resistors.

In the case of a water contactor drive, it has proved to be particularly advantageous that the actuator unit has a gas spring accumulator by means of which the fan brake can be released. For this purpose, the actuator unit preferably has a current-locked (ie in the rule powered with mains power supply or with a power supply from an uninterruptible power circuit) Control valve in an actuator pressure line between the gas spring accumulator and the fan brake. Since the control valve is thus normally open, the actuator unit secures a supply of gas pressure to the fan brake by opening the normally open control valve in the actuator pressure line between the gas spring accumulator and the fan brake. Under the gas pressure, the fan brake can automatically and automatically open against a spring force of a brake spring of the fan brake and thus release the rotor of the electric machine for rotation in the stator; So to generate the rotating field. The operating circuit preferably has a number of capacitors and at least a first number of switchable load resistors. A number of switchable load resistors is preferably voltage-dependent and / or switchable depending on a position of the water contactor, in particular a single or a number of two three or more load resistors can be switched on individually or in groups. Preferably, an electromechanical contactor may be provided between the capacitor and the load resistor in order to switch on the number of switchable load resistors, preferably voltage-dependent and / or dependent on a position of the water contactor. In principle, additionally or alternatively to a voltage dependency and / or position dependency, another means of interdependency for connection can be established (for example a time control or another dependency control or control means) in order to realize a braking resistor for the water contactor, in particular by switching on one Number of switchable load resistors. An electromechanical contactor preferably has an electrical control line and an electrical load line, in particular as a three-phase line. In the context of a particularly preferred development of the invention, it is provided that the operating circuit has a control which is designed to switch on a first number of switchable load resistors and / or a second number of switchable load resistors, in particular voltage-dependent and / or dependent on a position of the water contactor and / or switch on depending on another dependency means. The development has recognized that a retraction of a protective panel of the water contactor can be provided with particular advantage with a two- or multi-stage control and / or -regulation. A first stage of a control and / or regulation can be designed, in particular, to set a control panel in motion particularly quickly. A second stage of the control and / or regulation may preferably be designed to effectively implement the deceleration of the protective panel. Thus, an electromechanical stop ramp for the asynchronous machine can be designed such that for a large part of the path of the protective panel a first number of switchable load resistances ensure the most effective possible drive of the water contactor drive and thus the most effective retraction of the protective panel. For a smaller part of the way, the electromechanical stop ramp for the asynchronous machine can be designed to decelerate the water contactor drive as effectively as possible and thus to ensure as effectively as possible a deceleration of the protective board. For example, much of the way between 50% and 95% of the Einfahrweges of the protective panel make. For example, a lesser part of the way can make up between 50% and 5% of the path of entry of the dashboard.

Embodiments of the invention will now be described below with reference to the drawing in comparison with the prior art, which is also partly shown. This is not necessarily to scale the embodiments, but the drawing, where appropriate for explanation, executed in a schematized and / or slightly distorted form. With regard to additions to the teachings directly recognizable from the drawing reference is made to the relevant prior art. It should be noted that various modifications and changes may be made in the form and detail of an embodiment without departing from the general idea of the invention. The disclosed in the description, in the drawing and in the claims features of the invention may be essential both individually and in any combination for the development of the invention. In addition, all combinations of at least two of the features disclosed in the description, the drawings and / or the claims fall within the scope of the invention. The general idea of the invention is not limited to the exact form or detail of the preferred embodiment shown and described below or limited to an article that would be limited in comparison with the subject matter claimed in the claims. For the given design ranges, values within the stated limits should also be disclosed as limit values and be arbitrarily usable and claimable. Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments, and with reference to the drawing; this shows in:

1 is an exemplary view of a water contactor and a water contactor

Drive, wherein the water contactor is formed as a rolling contactor of a weir system in a hydropower plant; 2 schematically shows a water contactor drive with a water roller contactor and an asynchronous machine which has a fan brake and can be connected to a signaling unit, an actuator unit and an operating circuit of a particularly preferred embodiment of a water contactor drive;

Fig. 3 shows the combination of a water contactor drive according to a preferred embodiment with a first part of an operation control for regular operation of an asynchronous machine with a power supply to the mains, however, according to the preferred embodiment without an uninterruptible power supply and with a second part of an operation control, passively designed for a reliable and damage-free operation, wherein a signaling unit, an actuator unit and a second power supply is provided for the second part of the operation control;

4 shows schematically a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of a

Method for controlling a water contactor drive for a water contactor with an asynchronous machine when detecting an emergency situation.

Fig. 1 shows a detail of an exemplary construction of a water roller contactor for a shown in Fig. 2 in more detail hydropower plant 1000. The weir has to depict the water contactor 100 here-a water roller contactor on a transfer roller 130 a protective panel 1 10 in a contactor bearing 120. The contactor bearing 120 has a first bearing rail 121 and a second bearing rail 122, which are designed with a groove in each case for forming a slide rail; the protective panel 1 10 is slidably mounted on both sides in the groove of the first and second bearing rail 121, 122. The protective panel 1 10 is held by a tensile strand 131 of the transfer roller 130 of Fig. 2, wherein the Zugstrang 131-present in the form of a rope- of the protective panel 1 10 via castors - namely on a pulley 132 and a cable drum 133 at a framework 101 of the transfer roller 130- is guided. The cable drum is driven via a gear 220 by an asynchronous machine 210 of a water contactor drive 200, wherein the asynchronous machine 210 is associated with a fan brake 230. 1 shows the arrangement of the asynchronous machine 210 of the gearbox 220 and the cable drum 133 with the pull cord 131 of the water contactor 100 in the form of the water roller contactor. The protective panel 110 may have a very considerable weight in the ton range, for example, a weight of 32 tons here, and a drop height in the guidance of the contactor bearing 120 may be several meters, for example up to 10 meters or 15 meters. In an undamped impact of the protective panel 1 10 in the lower position shown in Figure 1 - ie in the final case - would at least the panel 1 10 and their storage are destroyed, which makes the water guard 100 unusable in the worst case; It is therefore appropriate means for passive and simultaneously controlled moving and braking the Schützenafel 1 10 provided in the lower position.

An emergency closure of the water roller contactor can result in the risk of the water turbine passing through (that is to say, for example when the turbine blades or turbine blades or the like are being rinsed out). Another less probable case may be an imminent entry of foreign substances, for example from the bed load, when they should have overcome a bed load or an intake rack. A water contactor 100 in the form shown in FIG. 1 or in the form shown in FIG. 2 can be arranged directly, as shown, in front of a turbine pipe of a schematically illustrated turbine 400. Here, a protective panel 1 10 of the rolling contactor serves as a closure gate in front of a watercourse 500 of the hydropower plant 1000. However, a water contactor 100 can also be formed in a position upstream of the turbine pipe, for example as part of the computing system or as part of the Geschiebefangs (not shown here).

With further reference to FIG. 2, there is schematically shown in detail a front and rear part 123, 124 of a guide of the contactor bearing 120 with the protective panel 1 10 on the tensile strand 131. The protective panel 1 10 is again shown in the lower position -hier emergency position, d. H. lying on the lower boundary 301 and adjacent to an upper boundary 302 of the turbine pipe 300 in front of the turbine 400. For the distance of the lower Absenkbereich B10 immediately above the lower limit 301 is a special, according to the further embodiment explained second control range for braking the protective panel. 1 10 provided with the rolling contactor drive 200. For the distance of the overlying driving range B90 is controlled by the preferred first part described hereinbelow a control and / or regulation of the water contactor drive 200.

Referring again to FIG. 2, the water contactor drive 200 also has the variable speed fan motor 210 as well as the asynchronous machine 210 which can be operated as a motor or generator 210 and the gearbox 220 also includes the fan brake 230 assigned to the asynchronous machine 210 which sits on a common shaft 201 with a rotor of the asynchronous machine 210. Specifically, the fan brake 230 is formed in this embodiment in that the rotor of the asynchronous 210 is frictionally connected to the stator of the asynchronous machine 210. It is envisaged that an actuator unit 240 acts against the force of a brake spring 250; this via suitable connecting means 260. The brake spring 250 has the effect that without actuation of the actuator unit 240, a rotor frictionally engaged with the stator of the asynchronous 210 is positively frictionally engaged. Without actuation of the actuator unit 240, the fan brake engages 230 and the asynchronous 210 is stuck. In a first holding state, not shown in FIG. 2, the protective panel 110 is held in an upper position releasing the turbine pipe 300 for flowing the turbine pipe 300 with water 500, so that the turbine 400 is driven. The fan brake does not need to take the weight of the Schütztafel 1 10; this can be locked and / or held by other construction means (not shown here).

By a first arrow shown in Fig. 2, the holding position HP1 is symbolized. Via a second arrow shown in Fig. 2, the protective panel 1 10 in a second fixed state as shown in Fig. 2 is shown, ie transferred to a lower holding position HP2 after the actuator unit 240, the fan brake 230 has released. For this purpose, the pressure of the brake spring 250 on the rotor to represent a frictional engagement between the rotor and stator due to the force of the actuator 240 is taken back to the brake spring 250. In that case, the rotor of the asynchronous machine 210 in the stator can be rotated in the direction of a generator operation according to speed n for automatic generation of a rotating field. In particular, the operation of the water contactor drive 200 is shown in FIG. For this purpose, reference is made in detail to identical or similar features or features of identical or similar function with the same reference numeral, so that reference may be made to the preceding description relating to these reference numerals. The actuator unit 240 is in the present case of the embodiment of Fig. 3 concretely formed with a pressure accumulator 241, which can be opened via an actuator pressure line 242 and arranged in this control valve 243 to a gas spring accumulator 244. A signaling unit 270 is provided, via a signal line 271 the signal of an emergency situation to a control port 243.1 of the control valve

To give 243. The control connection 243.1 can be, for example, a magnetic coil for moving a valve piston 243.2 of the control valve 243. Is the gas spring storage

244 pressurized, this can solve the brake spring 250; this with a counter force GK against the pressure force DK of the brake spring 250. Thus, a rotor in a stator of the asynchronous machine 210 can be guided to a movable position and move in this - this corresponds to the release of the fan brake 230th

The mechanical principle of action of the roller contactor drive 200 is as follows. The winch system, here as transfer roller 130 of castors, is fed by a pull cord 131 on a cable drum 133. The cable drum is driven by the water contactor drive 200, namely completely from the asynchronous machine 210, which operates as a motor driving the gear 220 and about the guide roller 133. Thus, the protective panel 1 10 of the rolling contactor as a closure for the watercourse 500 or the turbine pipe 300th serve the hydroelectric power plant 1000. In regular operation, a power grid 600 is available for displaying a three-phase current I, which is shown here with lines for three phases, I ₂ , I ₃ . Without an uninterruptible power supply and only via a frequency converter 712 in a first part of an operating circuit 700, the power can be supplied via a first power line 710 of the asynchronous machine 210. In the de-energized state of a relay or the like electro-mechanical contactor 720 -here in the form of a Normalbetriebsschützes- the phases, l ₂ , I3 of the power line I with the asynchronous machine 210 are electrically connected, so that it is driven. The normal operation contactor 720 is for this purpose in an electrical branch line 713 for connection to the power line 71 1 via the frequency converter 712; this in the energy-free - ie not attracted - state of the normal operation contactor. The frequency converter 712 is a three-phase frequency converter with braking resistors. The uninterruptible power supply system can be provided in the present case; For example, for an operating voltage of 400 V in three phases, with a corresponding number of batteries and a bypass. The fan brake 230 may, as in the present case, act via a brake pressure, which in the present case is made available via a brake spring force of the brake spring 250.

In the state of the normal operation contactor 720, which is acted upon without a control current, the latter opens and disconnects the electrical branch line 713. A corresponding control signal line 720 is led to the normal operation contactor 720. This state corresponds to a state of the asynchronous machine 210 without power supply, be it a power supply. supply of power grid 600 or a power supply from a non-provided here but in individual cases existing uninterruptible power supply UPS. The asynchronous machine 210 can be operated at, for example, 400 V and at a frequency between, for example, 3 and 50 Hz with a corresponding AC voltage. In the second part of an operating circuit 700 provided for the emergency operation, the operating circuit 700 is designed in a second power train 730 for a regenerative island operation in a special way. In isolated operation, the asynchronous machine 210 is designed for the operation of a generator in isolated operation.

The weight G of a protective panel 1 10 of the water contactor 100 generates in the above-described release of the fan brake 230, a rotational movement of the rotor in the stator of the asynchronous 210 and thus provides for a self-supply of the control and / or regulation of the drive 200th A capacitor assembly 731 of excitation capacitors, a The first arrangement 732, a number of load resistors in turn for the three phases, I ₂ , I ₃ and a second arrangement 733 of load resistors in turn for the three phases, I ₂ , I _{3 of} an electrical emergency operating line 714 can be connected via suitable contactors for the emergency operating part 730 , A first load contactor is switchable, for example, with a control current generated by the reactive power and the rotating field of the excitation capacitors. The second emergency contactor 716 can also be switched via the rotating field and the current thus generated as a control current. Corresponding control signal lines 721 ', 722' are led to the emergency operation contactors 721, 722.

In principle, an asynchronous machine 210 can be operated as a generator under limited conditions in stand-alone operation, ie without connection to the power grid 600, for example as an emergency power generator. A preferred option for island operation is that of operation as a self-excited asynchronous generator. Without connection to an external three-phase network 600 capable of providing inductive and / or capacitive reactive power for magnetization, the reactive power may be provided by a parallel connected capacitor bank 731 which itself discharges capacitive reactive power; In particular, the engine generates inductive reactive power. In isolated mode, the frequency is particularly constant by a frequency converter 712. The voltage amplitude can be controlled taking into account the maximum phase current amplitude. If overloaded, the voltage amplitude can be reduced if necessary. With suitable control electronics, a high-quality island operation can be carried out by means of the asynchronous generator. ren, as proposed here. For this purpose, a number of excitation capacitors 731.1, 731.2, 731.3, a first number of switchable load resistors 732.1, 732.2, 732.3 and a second number of switchable load resistors 733.1, 733.2, 733.3; in each case three for a first second and third phase of the second power line 730. Basically, there is no need for an uninterruptible power supply in the first part of the operating circuit of the first power line 710 on the power grid 600; the advantage of the embodiment shown here is that it is unnecessary. Basically uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) are used to ensure the supply of critical electrical loads in case of disturbances in the power grid 600. However, in simple embodiments of an uninterruptible power supply UPS, the power supply for a short period of time, eg. B. several milliseconds, are interrupted, which is tolerated by the connected consumers without loss of function.

In detail, FIG. 4 shows the sequence of an emergency closing control method for the water gun drive 200 via the operating circuit 700, or more specifically via the second part of the operating circuit 700, namely to the emergency operating circuit using the second power line 730

At the beginning of the process in a first step VS1, the operating circuit 700 is in normal operation, ie. H. the normal operation contactor 720 is acted upon Ström and thus closed - as shown in Fig. 3. The asynchronous machine 210 is operable via a power supply of the power grid 600 as a motor via the frequency converter 712 and the normal operation contactor 720. If in a second process step VS2 an emergency situation detected, in principle, the control of the water protection drive 200 via the frequency converter 712 with the power supply be done from the power grid 600. It can be used in normal operation via the frequency converter 712 with different and possibly variable speeds; this z. B. for slowly lifting the panel 1 10 with start and stop ramps or slow lowering the same with start and stop ramps. In principle, when the power grid 600 is available, an emergency shutdown with a targeted stop ramp can be carried out. This can in particular also include common electrical braking methods by a generator operation of the asynchronous machine 210.

If, in a further method step VS3, it is recognized that a power supply from the power grid 600 is not possible (Y path), the present control system offers drive the water contactor drive 200 the advantage that this is passively feasible. Ie. the control method of the water contactor drive 200 is in the case without external power supply from the power grid 600 and also without power from a next to the frequency converters 712, if necessary, existing uninterruptible power supply UPS feasible.

In a modification of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, a UPS may be provided; However, the passive method presented here has the advantage that costly uninterruptible power supply systems can be saved. If the situation is given by a combination of the method steps VS2, VS3 that an emergency closure of the water contactor 100 is required even without a power supply, this can be detected and displayed by the signaling unit 270. In a fourth method step VS4, a fan brake 230 can be released by the actuator unit 240 described by way of example. In this case, a driving of the asynchronous machine 210 in accordance with the weight G of the protective panel 1 10 follows as a generator - thus, in step VS5, a rotating field is generated by means of the stage 731 of excitation capacitors 731.1, 731 .2, 731 .3. A corresponding voltage and a control current generated thereby in a control power line 720 'can be used to open the normal operating relay 720 as far as this does not open automatically when it is designed as energized energized relay.

A control current provided in a control current line 721 'can switch on the first stage 732 of load resistors 732.1, 732.2, 732.3 as a function of voltage and / or depending on a position of the water contactor or at a first rotational speed n-; for example, to adequately brake a dash panel 1 10 between 50% and 95% of the way - i.e. in the indicated in Fig. 2 driving range B90.

With a further increased higher speed n + or a second control voltage achieved in a second control voltage line 722 ', the second emergency contactor 722 can be switched to connect the second stage 733 of load resistors 733.1, 733.2, 733.3. It may additionally or alternatively to the circuit, the position of the roll support be decisive. This can in a second steeper stop ramp a considerable residual braking of the protective panel 1 10 in FIG. th lowering range B10 cause. Thus, in method step VS6, a first stop ramp can be implemented via the first unit 732 of load resistors and in method step VS7 a second stop ramp can be implemented via the second unit 733 of load resistors. In emergency mode, a first and second stop ramp can thus be driven passively via the second part of the operating circuit, namely the second power line 730. As a result, a safe braking of the protective panel 1 10 can be implemented without mains power and / or without frequency converter 712; a passive start-up of the protective panel 1 10 can be implemented via the previously described actuator 240 with the normally open control valve 243. Nevertheless, in the event of an emergency power supply from the power grid 600 and in the event of a functioning frequency converter 712 (N path), the method steps VS4 and VS5 can still be carried out. However, retraction of the protective panel 110 can be effected in a current-controlled manner in the method step VS9. The process ends with the protective panel retracted in step VS8.

Claims

claims

1. A method for controlling a water contactor drive (200) for a water contactor (100), in particular for a water roller contactor, preferably in a hydropower plant (1000),

wherein the drive comprises an electric machine, in particular an asynchronous machine (210), in particular an asynchronous motor / generator, characterized in that

- The electric machine, in particular asynchronous machine (210), a fan brake (230),

the method comprising the steps of:

- releasing the fan brake (230) in the event that an insufficient power supply is displayed,

- Automatic operation of the electrical machine, in particular asynchronous machine (210),

wherein the electric machine, in particular asynchronous machine, is operated in generator island mode, in which a rotating field is generated automatically.

2. The method of claim 1 in the event that an adequate power supply is indicated, further comprising the step of:

- Detecting the power supply, in particular a power supply from a power grid (600) and / or a system for uninterruptible power supply (UPS), wherein the electrical machine, in particular asynchronous machine (210) is operated with the power supply.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,

characterized in that the asynchronous machine (210) is operated at variable rotational speeds, in particular in the event that an adequate power supply is indicated.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the asynchronous machine (210) is operated for slow closing of the water contactor and / or an electric stop ramp for the asynchronous machine is driven, in particular in the event that an adequate power supply is displayed in particular under electrical regulation of the asynchronous machine (210) and / or of a frequency converter (712).

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 further comprising the steps:

- Recognizing an emergency closing situation and / or

- Detecting an insufficient, especially missing, power supply.

6. The method according to claim 5,

characterized in that an insufficient power supply from a power grid (600) and / or an insufficient power supply of a system for uninterruptible power supply (UPS) comprises.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that the asynchronous machine (210) is operated with different, in particular substantially predetermined fixed, first and second rotational speeds, in particular in the event that an insufficient power supply is displayed, in particular without power supply is operated.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that the release of the fan brake (230) with automatic and automatic lifting of the fan brake (230), in particular a rotor of a stator of the asynchronous machine (210) takes place.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that under the action of a weight force (G) of a protective panel (110) of the water contactor (100) the asynchronous machine (210) is driven and the rotating field, in particular via a capacitor arrangement (731) of excitation capacitors (731 .1, 731.2, 731.3) , is produced.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that at least one control and / or regulating stage, in particular a first control and / or regulating stage (VS6) (preferably as a braking stage) and a second control and / or regulating stage (VS7) (preferably as stop stage), for the asynchronous machine (210), in particular under load switching of the fan brake (230), is driven.

1 1. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a first stage (732) of load resistors (732.1, 732.2, 732.3) is switched on, preferably a first and a second stage (733) of load resistors (733.1, 733.2, 733.3) is switched on.

12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the asynchronous machine (210) is controlled at least in two speed levels, in particular a first speed level is voltage dependent and / or selected depending on a position of the water contactor and / or a second speed level voltage dependent and / or depending on a position of the water contactor is selected.

13. operating circuit (700) for controlling a water contactor drive (200) for a water contactor (100), in particular for a water roller contactor, preferably in a hydropower plant (1000),

- The electric machine, in particular asynchronous machine (210), a fan brake (230), wherein

- The operating circuit (700) has a first control line, in particular for a normal operation, and a second control line, in particular for an emergency operation, wherein

the second control line is designed to operate the electric machine, in particular the asynchronous machine, automatically in regenerative island operation, wherein a rotating field can be generated automatically, in particular with at least one first stage (732) of load resistances for a first control and / or regulating Stage (VS6) and a second stage (733) of load resistors for a second control and / or regulation stage (VS7).

14. A water contactor drive (200) for a water contactor (100) for controlling an asynchronous machine (210), in particular a water roller contactor drive for a water roller contactor, preferably in a hydropower plant (1000),

characterized in that

- The electric machine, in particular asynchronous machine (210), a fan brake (230), and further comprising:

an actuator unit (240) configured to implement a release of the fan brake (230), in particular in the event that an insufficient power supply is indicated;

an operating circuit (700) for controlling a water contactor drive (200) for the water contactor (100) for automatically operating the electric machine, in particular the asynchronous machine (210),

wherein the operating circuit (700) is designed to operate the electric machine, in particular asynchronous machine (210), in regenerative island operation,

wherein a rotating field is automatically generated, in particular with at least a first stage (732) of load resistors and a second stage (733) of load resistors.

15. The water contactor drive (200) of claim 14 further comprising:

- A signaling unit (270) which is designed to detect an emergency situation and / or display.

16. A contactor drive (200) according to claim 14 or 15,

characterized in that the actuator unit (240) comprises a gas spring accumulator (244) by means of which a brake spring (250) of the fan brake (230) is releasable.

17. Water contactor drive (200) according to one of claims 14 to 16,

characterized in that the actuator unit (240) an energized closed and normally open control valve (243) in a Aktuatordruckleitung (242) between a pressure accumulator (241) and a gas spring accumulator (244), in particular for actuating a brake spring (250) of the fan brake ( 230).

18. A contactor drive (200) according to any one of claims 14 to 17,

characterized in that the operating circuit (700), in particular in a second control line (720), a number of excitation capacitors (731.1, 731.2, 731.3) and at least a first number of switchable load resistors (732.1, 732.2, 732.3).

19. A contactor drive (200) according to any one of claims 14 to 18,

characterized in that the operating circuit (700), in particular in a second control line (720), a first number of switchable load resistors (732.1, 732.2, 732.3) and a second number of switchable load resistors (733.1, 733.2, 733.3).

20. A contactor drive (200) according to any one of claims 14 to 19,

characterized in that the operating circuit (700) is formed, in particular in a second control line (720), a first stage (732) switchable load resistors and / or a second stage (733) switchable load resistors voltage-dependent and / or depending on a position of the water contactor zuzuschalten, in particular via a first and / or second relay or the like electro-mechanical contactor (721, 722).

21. A contactor drive (200) according to any one of claims 14 to 20,

characterized in that the operating circuit (700) is formed, in particular in a first control line (710), an asynchronous machine (210) with variable rotational speed via a regular control power supply, in particular a power grid (600) to control electrically.

22. A contactor drive (200) according to any one of claims 14 to 20,

characterized in that the operating circuit (700), in particular in a first control line (710), free from a system for uninterruptible power supply (UPS).

23. Hydropower plant (1000) with a water contactor drive (200) according to one of claims 14 to 22 for controlling an electrical machine, in particular an asynchronous machine (210), for a water contactor (100), in particular for a water roller contactor, wherein the asynchronous machine (210 ) has a fan brake (230).