EP2935685A1 - Domestic appliance sorption device and domestic appliance equipped with a sorption device - Google Patents

Domestic appliance sorption device and domestic appliance equipped with a sorption device

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Publication number
EP2935685A1
EP2935685A1 EP13805410.1A EP13805410A EP2935685A1 EP 2935685 A1 EP2935685 A1 EP 2935685A1 EP 13805410 A EP13805410 A EP 13805410A EP 2935685 A1 EP2935685 A1 EP 2935685A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air duct
air
sorption device
sorption
process air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13805410.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2935685B1 (en
Inventor
Harald MOSCHÜTZ
Thomas Schneider
Jörg Ziegler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Original Assignee
BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BSH Hausgeraete GmbH filed Critical BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Priority to PL13805410T priority Critical patent/PL2935685T3/en
Publication of EP2935685A1 publication Critical patent/EP2935685A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2935685B1 publication Critical patent/EP2935685B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/42—Details
    • A47L15/48—Drying arrangements
    • A47L15/481—Drying arrangements by using water absorbent materials, e.g. Zeolith
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F58/00—Domestic laundry dryers
    • D06F58/20—General details of domestic laundry dryers 
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F25/00—Washing machines with receptacles, e.g. perforated, having a rotary movement, e.g. oscillatory movement, the receptacle serving both for washing and for centrifugally separating water from the laundry and having further drying means, e.g. using hot air 
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F58/00—Domestic laundry dryers
    • D06F58/20—General details of domestic laundry dryers 
    • D06F58/24—Condensing arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention is in the field of home appliance and household appliance treatment apparatus, in particular laundry and tableware, and relates to a household appliance sorption apparatus having first and second air ducts forming at least one overlay area in which one duct wall of the first and one duct wall of the second Air ducts are adjacent, and with a sorbent layer, which is traversed by process air.
  • the invention also relates to a household appliance equipped with a sorption device with a process air duct through which process air coming from a treatment space flows.
  • the invention is directed in particular to so-called washer-dryers, by which is meant both tumble dryers and multifunctional devices which serve both for washing and for drying laundry.
  • air the so-called process air
  • the hot process air absorbs moisture from the laundry to be dried and releases it as the process progresses.
  • household appliances with sorption devices are known as such, for example, from WO 2009/007289 A1.
  • the process air laden with moisture is conducted into or over a reversibly hydratable desiccant, which may be formed, for example, by zeolite.
  • the desiccant also called sorbent or sorbent extracts moisture from the process air with simultaneous heat release.
  • the resulting dryer and additionally heated process air is then fed back to the laundry to be dried.
  • the sorbent must be regenerated at saturation at the latest.
  • the sorbent is supplied during a so-called desorption heat, which releases the previously stored in the sorbent moisture again.
  • DE 10 2008 032 228 A1 an operating according to this principle device for regenerating a solid sorbent is known, which may be provided in a dishwasher or a classic circulating air dryer.
  • Two zeolite cassettes are accommodated in two enclosures which can be closed by means of flaps, wherein the zeolite cassettes are alternately operated out of phase in their sorption and desorption phases.
  • a sorption device and a household appliance of the type mentioned are known, which allow improved continuous operation.
  • the process air leading process air duct behind a drying chamber which forms a treatment room for laundry to be dried, splits into a first air duct (referred to here as Adsorberkanal) in which a sorption with a sorbent material and a heater, and in at least a further air duct (process air subchannel) on.
  • a first heat exchanger comprises the first and the second air duct.
  • a controllable front Adsorberkanalver gleichvorraum can be arranged.
  • a controllable rear adsorber channel closure device can be arranged at the outlet of the adsorber channel.
  • multiple adsorption phases and desorption phases alternate, in that the adsorber channel is closed at a given time for the entry of moist-warm process air from the drying chamber and an adsorber heater is switched on for regeneration (desorption) of the sorption material.
  • the process air is passed through controllable process air part-channel closure devices through the first air duct (adsorber channel) in such a way that optimal heat exchange occurs there in the heat exchanger.
  • the process air in the adsorber channel flows through a block-shaped sorbent layer in its axial direction.
  • a similar sorption device and a household appliance equipped therewith are disclosed in EP 2 246 470 A1.
  • a first air duct is provided, the wall of which is lined with a sorbent layer.
  • a second fluidly insulated air duct in which a heat exchanger is arranged.
  • the process air is divided by actuation of a selector valve on the two flow-tight air ducts.
  • Regenerable sorption devices have also become known in other areas remote from household appliances.
  • DE 195 12 844 A1 and DE 197 18 047 A1 each describe equipped with a sorption material devices for the treatment and drying of air for the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle.
  • Airflow control elements can be brought into only two defined end positions in which they either direct the air through the device configured in the adsorption mode or in the desorption mode. In the desorption mode, the heated and moisture-laden air is discharged through an exhaust duct to the ambient air of the vehicle.
  • an object of the present invention in the embodiment of a household appliance sorption device or a household appliance of the type mentioned above using as many already provided anyway components to the effect that the outlet temperature of the process air from the device or its inlet temperature into the treatment room precisely can be controlled and limited to a desired setpoint temperature, wherein the efficiency of the sorption and their sorption or desorption is increased.
  • a sorption device of the type mentioned that in the overlay region between the adjacent channel walls at least one passage exists, so that process air can flow from one to the other air duct while flowing through the sorbent layer.
  • the sorbent layer is preferably arranged at least partially between the adjacent channel walls.
  • process air is also provided that seen in the inflow direction of the process air in the sorption, the front axial end of the first air duct is closed, the front axial end of the second air duct is open and at the rear end of the second air duct at least one flow-influencing element is provided such that a passage of a partial air flow of the process air is effected from the second into the first air duct, while a complementary partial air flow flows through the second air duct to the end and combined on the output side with the heated by the sorbent layer part air flow of the process air.
  • the throughput and the inflow into the air ducts or the outflow from the air ducts can be influenced or predetermined by predetermined flow cross sections, throttles and the like.
  • the front end of the second air duct could also be closed, and its rear axial end could be open, and flow-influencing elements could be provided at the rear end of the first air duct, quasi in flow-kinematical reversal.
  • a passage of a partial stream of the process air in the radial, ie obliquely or substantially in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the air duct from the second into the first or (in the reverse configuration) of the first into the second air duct is effected while a supplementary partial flow flows through the second (or in the case of a reverse configuration the first) air duct to the end and then reunites only on the output side with the part of the process air heated by the sorbent.
  • the heating element would expediently be in operative contact with a region of the sorbent layer which faces the first flow channel.
  • the electric heating element would preferably be a heating wire wound on the inner circumferential surface of the sorbent layer.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that it has only a minimum of additional components required compared to known sorption.
  • the sorption device according to the invention is characterized in that the sorption layer can have a comparatively large passage area with a very small possible layer thickness.
  • the embodiment of the invention allows the material thickness of the To be flowed through sorbent - preferably zeolite and / or silica gel - extremely low to design at a considerable amount of the sorbent.
  • the process air can advantageously flow through the sorption layer essentially in the radial direction, ie in non-circular cross-sections, obliquely or substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the air flow channel.
  • the sorption device can be easily arranged in the existing process air circuit in conventional washer-dryers.
  • the term air duct is not to be understood as meaning only a channel through which an inlet can flow to an outlet, but also a flow space that is partially or completely closed or closable in the flow direction at the inlet and / or outlet.
  • each preferred embodiment of the sorption device according to the invention corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the household appliance according to the invention and vice versa, and this even if it is not explicitly stated herein.
  • a first design and manufacturing technology preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the possibility of passage is formed by at least one passage opening in at least one channel wall. With this embodiment, a particularly low-effort and compact realization of the sorption device according to the invention is made possible.
  • a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention provides that the first and the second air duct are formed coaxially.
  • This embodiment is advantageous both in terms of the flow conditions of the sorbent layer and in that the second air duct at least partially surrounding the first air duct at the same time serves as thermal insulation and thus protects surrounding components from high heat load during the desorption.
  • This advantage is particularly useful in a further development of the invention, wherein the first air duct is delimited by an outer jacket against which the sorbent layer bears with an inner layer side, and wherein the inner channel wall of the second air duct is formed by an outer layer side of the sorbent layer.
  • a heating element is in operative contact with a region of the sorbent layer, which faces the second air duct.
  • the heating element which is preferably designed as an electrical heating element, realizes, due to the proximity to or through direct contact with the sorption material, a particularly good heat transfer, which advantageously supports the desorption phase.
  • the electric heating element may particularly preferably be a heating wire wound around the outer surface of the sorbent layer.
  • the flow-influencing elements are preferably formed by controllable flaps, slides and / or diaphragms. In the case of a circular cross-section of the air ducts, the diaphragms can be designed as so-called iris diaphragms.
  • the air ducts have a rectangular cross-section and have a greater width than height.
  • the domestic appliance according to the invention is provided with a process air duct through which process air coming from a treatment space flows, a sorption apparatus of the type described above being arranged in the process air duct.
  • the sorption device is preferably arranged above the treatment space, because it allows optimal use of the space that is usually available in the upper area of household appliances and prevents the sorbent layer from becoming soaked through process fluid (for example washing or rinsing fluid).
  • process fluid for example washing or rinsing fluid
  • FIG. 2 a semitransparent and perspective view of a sorption device
  • Figure 4 in cross section, the sorption of Figure 2 in the section plane IV-IV.
  • the washer-dryer 1 shows schematically the basic structure of a household appliance, here in the form of a so-called washer-dryer 1.
  • the washer-dryer 1 has a laundry drum rotatably mounted about a rotation axis 2 in a tub which forms a treatment space 3 for laundry 4 to be dried.
  • the treatment room 3 is also part of a drying system, a process air blower 5, a process air circuit 6 with an electric heater 7, an air / air heat exchanger 9 and air ducts 10 in a per se, for example, from DE 10 2010 002 086 A1 (to which reference is also made) known manner.
  • a sorption device 14 is arranged, which will be described in more detail below.
  • the sorption device can be particularly preferably arranged above the treatment space 3 in the housing 15 of the washer-dryer 1 and thereby optimally protected against wetting of the sorption material contained in it.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 show the sorption device 14 in detail.
  • the sorption device comprises an overlay region 16, in which a first air duct 18 and a second air duct 19 extend coaxially about a longitudinal axis 20.
  • the outer channel wall 22 of the first air duct is at least partially ing channel 18 and the inner channel wall 24 of the second air duct 19 adjacent.
  • a sorbent layer 26 is introduced between the channel walls 22 and 24, a sorbent layer 26 is introduced.
  • As a sorbent zeolite is provided, although other suitable sorptive storage materials can be used.
  • the second air duct 19 is seen in the radial direction R outwardly bounded by an outer jacket 28, which forms the extent of the outer duct wall 29 of the second air duct 19 in the overlay region 16.
  • the inner channel wall 24 of the second air duct 19 is formed by the outer layer side 30 of the sorbent layer 26 which is covered by a mesh or sieve-like member 34 which holds the sorbent layer 26 in position or bounded on the outside.
  • the sorbent layer 26 abuts with its inner layer side 35.
  • a passageway 36 for process air 37th Die für Stammsdorfkeit can, depending on the detailed flow direction and design or installation position of the Sorption device radially or obliquely or perpendicular to the longitudinal axis to the inside or in principle also to the outside.
  • the passage option is realized by openings 40 provided on the shell side, which perforate the outer duct wall 22 of the first air duct 18.
  • another mesh or sieve-like element 41 is provided which covers the sorbent layer 26 on the inside and thus prevents undesired escape of the sorption material through the openings.
  • the sorbent layer 26 is a heating element 42 in operative contact, which is formed by a heating wire 43, with which the sorbent layer 26 on the side of its outer jacket (ie around the outer layer side 30 around) is wrapped.
  • the direct contact between the heating element 42 and the material of the sorbent layer 26 results in a particularly good heat transfer, which is particularly advantageous in a desorption phase described below.
  • the front axial region or the front end 50 of the air duct 18 is closed, while the front end 52 of the air duct 19 is open.
  • the rear end 54 of the air duct 18 is open, while the air duct 19 at its rear area or rear end 55 by moving flow-influencing elements - designed here in the form of flaps 56 - if necessary, more or less closable.
  • the air ducts 18, 19 each have a rectangular cross section 60, their width 61 being significantly greater than their height 62.
  • the process air transports the water vapor, which is released from the sorbent layer 26 by heating the sorbent material (sorbent) by means of the heater 42, from the sorbent layer 26.
  • this may result in a heating of the process air, depending on the temperature required for desorption of the water from the sorbent material.
  • a temperature sensor 66 FIG. 1
  • the flaps 56 are opened as needed.
  • a partial airflow 71 of the inflowing process air 46 is made possible to use the second air duct 19 quasi as a bypass and to flow through to the end 55 and exit there.
  • the outlet temperature of the effluent Menden process air 70 is suitably set by the design of the process air circuit 6 in the region of the air ducts 18 and 19 and the adjustment of the heat to be supplied by the heater 42 to a desired value; if necessary, it can be regulated by the heat output.
  • Process air 46 flows into the second air duct 19 in the process air circuit 6. At least part of the process air 37 passes through the sorbent layer 26 and the openings 40, as described above, into the first air duct 18 and deposits moisture in the sorbent layer. In addition to the heat possibly originating from the preceding desorption phase, binding energy and, in particular, condensation enthalpy in the form of heat are thus released from the sorbent layer 26.
  • the temperature of the air leaving the rear open region 54 of the first air-guiding channel 18 drops from the desorption temperature (for example from 300 ° C.) to approximately 100 ° C. to 150 ° C.
  • the temperature of the outflowing air 70 can be regulated as a whole.
  • conventional drying phases without sorption by the sorption apparatus may be desirable or necessary.
  • the controller 64 the heater 7 and the process air blower 5 are turned on and the flaps 56 are fully opened. Because of the higher flow resistance when flowing through the sorbent layer 26, in this configuration, almost all of the inflowing process air 46 flows axially past the sorbent layer 26, so that the second air duct 19 virtually forms a complete bypass for the process air.
  • the process air can be heated alone or in addition by the heater 42.
  • the temperature of the exiting air 70 can be regulated in this case by appropriate control of the heater 42.
  • the air flow in the second air duct 19 additionally serves as heat insulation and protects surrounding components in particular against the high temperatures during the desorption phase described above.
  • the inlet temperature of the process air can be maintained at a desired temperature of, for example, 100 ° C.
  • the material thickness 72 (FIG. 4) of the sorbent layer 26 can be dimensioned very small, because a large number of openings 40 arranged on the shell side provides a comparatively large throughflow area for the process air at the transition between the air ducts.
  • the jacket of the first air duct is preferably surrounded by, for example, only 1 to 2 cm thick layer, for example, of zeolite granules.
  • the sorption device may also have only on one side adjacent or not fully in the vicinity or contact air ducts.
  • the sorption device consists essentially of structures which surround one another in a mantel-shaped manner, the supply air (process air) being supplied through an outer air duct, which preferably widens in the manner of a diffuser 73 to form the second air duct.
  • the inner region is preferably located coaxially in the second air duct another pipe, which forms the first air duct and which is fluidly connected by the shell-side openings arranged with the outer, second air duct.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Drying Of Gases (AREA)
  • Detail Structures Of Washing Machines And Dryers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a sorption device (14) and a domestic appliance with a sorption device and a treatment chamber (3) for domestic objects to be dried, particularly laundry. The sorption device has a first (18) and a second (19) air guide duct, which form at least one overlay region (16), in which one duct wall (22) of the first (18) and one duct wall (24) of the second air guide duct (19) are adjacent, and a sorption agent layer (26), through which process air (46) can flow. To be able to increase the rate of sorption or desorption and to regulate the inlet temperature of the process air into the treatment chamber (3) precisely to a desired target temperature, there is at least one pass-through capability (36) in the overlay region (16) between the adjacent duct walls, so that process air (37) can flow across from the one air guide duct into the other (18, 19) flowing through the sorption agent layer (26).

Description

Haushaltsgeräte-Sorptionsvorrichtung und mit einer  Household appliance sorption device and with a
Sorptionsvorrichtung ausgestattetes Haushaltsgerät  Sorption device equipped household appliance
Die Erfindung liegt auf dem Gebiet der Behandlungsgeräte für Haushaltswaren und Haushaltsgegenstände, wie insbesondere Wäsche und Geschirr, und betrifft eine Haushaltsgeräte-Sorptionsvorrichtung mit einem ersten und einem zweiten Luftführungskanal, die zumindest einen Überlagerungsbereich bilden, in dem eine Kanalwand des ersten und eine Kanalwand des zweiten Luftführungskanals benachbart sind, und mit einer Sorptionsmittelschicht, die von Prozessluft durchströmbar ist. Die Erfindung betrifft zudem ein mit einer Sorptionsvorrichtung ausgestattetes Haushaltsgerät mit einem Prozessluftkanal, durch den aus einem Behandlungsraum kommende Prozessluft strömt. The invention is in the field of home appliance and household appliance treatment apparatus, in particular laundry and tableware, and relates to a household appliance sorption apparatus having first and second air ducts forming at least one overlay area in which one duct wall of the first and one duct wall of the second Air ducts are adjacent, and with a sorbent layer, which is traversed by process air. The invention also relates to a household appliance equipped with a sorption device with a process air duct through which process air coming from a treatment space flows.
Die Erfindung ist insbesondere auf sogenannte Waschtrockner gerichtet, womit sowohl Wäschetrockner als auch Mehrfunktionsgeräte gemeint sind, die sowohl zum Waschen als auch zum Trocknen von Wäsche dienen. In einem Waschtrockner wird Luft (die sogenannte Prozessluft) durch ein Gebläse über eine Heizung in eine als Wäschebehandlungsraum dienende Trommel geleitet. Die heiße Prozessluft nimmt Feuchtigkeit aus der zu trocknenden Wäsche auf und gibt diese im weiteren Prozessverlauf wieder ab. Im Hinblick auf die gesteigerten Energieeffizienzanforderungen sind Haushaltsgeräte mit Sorptionsvorrichtungen als solche beispielsweise aus der WO 2009/007289 A1 bekannt. Prinzipiell wird dabei die mit Feuchtigkeit beladene Prozessluft in bzw. über ein reversibel hydratisierbares Trocknungsmittel geleitet, das beispielsweise von Zeolith gebildet sein kann. Das Trocknungsmittel (auch Sorbens oder Sorptionsmittel genannt) entzieht der Prozessluft unter gleichzeitiger Wärmeabgabe Feuchtigkeit. Die dadurch trocknere und zusätzlich erwärmte Prozessluft wird anschließend wieder der zu trocknenden Wäsche zugeführt. Das Sorptionsmittel muss spätestens bei Sättigung regeneriert werden. Dazu wird dem Sorptionsmittel während einer sogenannten Desorptionsphase Wärme zugeführt, die die zuvor im Sorptionsmittel gespeicherte Feuchtigkeit wieder freisetzt. Aus der DE 10 2008 032 228 A1 ist eine nach diesem Prinzip arbeitende Vorrichtung zum Regenerieren eines festen Sorptionsmittels bekannt, die in einem Geschirrspüler oder einem klassischen Umluft-Wäschetrockner vorgesehen sein kann. Dabei sind zwei Zeo- lith-Kassetten in zwei mittels Klappen abschließbaren Umhausungen untergebracht, wobei die Zeolith-Kassetten alternierend in ihren Sorptions- und Desorptionsphasen phasenverschoben betrieben werden. The invention is directed in particular to so-called washer-dryers, by which is meant both tumble dryers and multifunctional devices which serve both for washing and for drying laundry. In a washer-dryer, air (the so-called process air) is passed through a fan via a heater into a drum serving as a laundry treatment room. The hot process air absorbs moisture from the laundry to be dried and releases it as the process progresses. With regard to the increased energy efficiency requirements, household appliances with sorption devices are known as such, for example, from WO 2009/007289 A1. In principle, the process air laden with moisture is conducted into or over a reversibly hydratable desiccant, which may be formed, for example, by zeolite. The desiccant (also called sorbent or sorbent) extracts moisture from the process air with simultaneous heat release. The resulting dryer and additionally heated process air is then fed back to the laundry to be dried. The sorbent must be regenerated at saturation at the latest. For this purpose, the sorbent is supplied during a so-called desorption heat, which releases the previously stored in the sorbent moisture again. From DE 10 2008 032 228 A1 an operating according to this principle device for regenerating a solid sorbent is known, which may be provided in a dishwasher or a classic circulating air dryer. Two zeolite cassettes are accommodated in two enclosures which can be closed by means of flaps, wherein the zeolite cassettes are alternately operated out of phase in their sorption and desorption phases.
Aus der DE 10 2010 002 086 A1 sind eine Sorptionsvorrichtung und ein Haushaltsgerät der eingangs genannten Art bekannt, die einen verbesserten kontinuierlichen Betrieb ermöglichen. Dazu spaltet sich ein die Prozessluft führender Prozessluft-Führungskanal hinter einer Trocknungskammer, die einen Behandlungsraum für zu trocknende Wäsche bildet, in einen ersten Luftführungskanal (hier als Adsorberkanal bezeichnet), in dem sich eine Sorptionseinheit mit einem Sorptionsmaterial und eine Heizung befinden, und in mindestens einen weiteren Luftführungskanal (Prozessluftteilkanal) auf. Ein erster Wärme- tauscher umfasst den ersten und den zweiten Luftführungskanal. Am Eingang des ersten Luftführungskanals kann eine regelbare vordere Adsorberkanalverschlussvorrichtung angeordnet sein. Ebenso kann am Ausgang des Adsorberkanals eine regelbare hintere Adsorberkanalverschlussvorrichtung angeordnet sein. Bei der bekannten Vorrichtung wechseln sich mehrfach Adsorptionsphasen und Desorptionsphasen ab, indem der Adsorberkanal zu gegebener Zeit für den Zutritt feuchtwarmer Prozessluft aus der Trocknungskammer verschlossen wird und eine Adsorberheizung zur Regenerierung (Desorp- tion) des Sorptionsmaterials eingeschaltet wird. Während der Adsorptionsphase wird die Prozessluft durch regelbare Prozessluftteilkanalverschlussvorrichtungen so durch den ersten Luftführungskanal (Adsorberkanal) geleitet, dass es dort im Wärmetauscher zu einem optimalen Wärmetausch kommt. Dabei durchströmt die Prozessluft im Adsorberkanal eine blockartig ausgebildete Sorptionsmittelschicht in deren axialer Richtung. From DE 10 2010 002 086 A1 a sorption device and a household appliance of the type mentioned are known, which allow improved continuous operation. For this purpose, the process air leading process air duct behind a drying chamber, which forms a treatment room for laundry to be dried, splits into a first air duct (referred to here as Adsorberkanal) in which a sorption with a sorbent material and a heater, and in at least a further air duct (process air subchannel) on. A first heat exchanger comprises the first and the second air duct. At the entrance of the first air duct a controllable front Adsorberkanalverschlussvorrichtung can be arranged. Likewise, a controllable rear adsorber channel closure device can be arranged at the outlet of the adsorber channel. In the known device, multiple adsorption phases and desorption phases alternate, in that the adsorber channel is closed at a given time for the entry of moist-warm process air from the drying chamber and an adsorber heater is switched on for regeneration (desorption) of the sorption material. During the adsorption phase, the process air is passed through controllable process air part-channel closure devices through the first air duct (adsorber channel) in such a way that optimal heat exchange occurs there in the heat exchanger. The process air in the adsorber channel flows through a block-shaped sorbent layer in its axial direction.
Eine ähnliche Sorptionsvorrichtung und ein damit ausgestattetes Haushaltsgerät gehen aus der EP 2 246 470 A1 hervor. Hier ist ein erster Luftführungskanal vorgesehen, dessen Wandung mit einer Sorptionsmittelschicht ausgekleidet ist. Neben dem ersten Luftführungskanal verläuft in einem Überlagerungsbereich parallel ein zweiter strömungsmäßig isolierter Luftführungskanal, in dem ein Wärmetauscher angeordnet ist. Die Prozessluft wird durch Betätigung eines Auswahlventils auf die beiden strömungsdichten Luftführungskanäle aufgeteilt. Regenerierbare Sorptionseinrichtungen sind auch auf anderen, haushaltsgerätefernen Gebieten bekannt geworden. So beschreiben die DE 195 12 844 A1 und die DE 197 18 047 A1 jeweils mit einem Sorptionsmaterial ausgestattete Vorrichtungen zur Behandlung und Trocknung von Luft für den Fahrgastinnenraum eines Kraftfahrzeugs. Diese bekannten Vorrichtungen sind über einen Absaugkanal einerseits und über einen Zuströmkanal andererseits mit dem Fahrgastinnenraum verbunden. Luftstromsteuerelemente sind in nur zwei definierte Endlagen bringbar, in denen sie entweder die Luft durch die im Adsorptionsbetrieb oder im Desorptionsbetrieb konfigurierte Vorrichtung leiten. Im Desorptionsbetrieb wird die dabei erwärmte und feuchtigkeitsbeladene Luft durch einen Abluftkanal an die Umgebungsluft des Fahrzeugs abgegeben. A similar sorption device and a household appliance equipped therewith are disclosed in EP 2 246 470 A1. Here, a first air duct is provided, the wall of which is lined with a sorbent layer. In addition to the first air duct extending parallel in a superposition area, a second fluidly insulated air duct, in which a heat exchanger is arranged. The process air is divided by actuation of a selector valve on the two flow-tight air ducts. Regenerable sorption devices have also become known in other areas remote from household appliances. Thus, DE 195 12 844 A1 and DE 197 18 047 A1 each describe equipped with a sorption material devices for the treatment and drying of air for the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle. These known devices are connected via a suction channel on the one hand and via an inflow channel on the other hand with the passenger compartment. Airflow control elements can be brought into only two defined end positions in which they either direct the air through the device configured in the adsorption mode or in the desorption mode. In the desorption mode, the heated and moisture-laden air is discharged through an exhaust duct to the ambient air of the vehicle.
Vor diesem Hintergrund besteht eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung in der Ausgestaltung einer Haushaltsgeräte-Sorptionsvorrichtung bzw. eines Haushaltsgeräts der eingangs genannten Art unter Verwendung möglichst vieler bereits ohnehin vorgesehener Komponenten dahingehend, dass die Austrittstemperatur der Prozessluft aus der Vorrichtung bzw. ihre Eintrittstemperatur in den Behandlungsraum präzise auf eine gewünschte Solltemperatur geregelt und begrenzt werden kann, wobei der Wirkungsgrad der Sorptionsvorrichtung und ihre Sorptions- bzw. Desorptionsgeschwindigkeit gesteigert ist. Against this background, an object of the present invention in the embodiment of a household appliance sorption device or a household appliance of the type mentioned above using as many already provided anyway components to the effect that the outlet temperature of the process air from the device or its inlet temperature into the treatment room precisely can be controlled and limited to a desired setpoint temperature, wherein the efficiency of the sorption and their sorption or desorption is increased.
Diese Aufgabe wird hinsichtlich einer Sorptionsvorrichtung und eines Haushaltsgeräts mit den Merkmalen des jeweiligen unabhängigen Patentanspruchs gelöst. Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstände abhängiger Patentansprüche, nachfolgender Beschreibung und beigefügter Zeichnung This object is achieved in terms of a sorption device and a household appliance with the features of the respective independent claim. Preferred developments and refinements are subject matter dependent claims, the following description and attached drawings
Demgemäß ist bei einer Sorptionsvorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art vorgesehen, dass im Überlagerungsbereich zwischen den benachbarten Kanalwänden wenigstens eine Durchtrittsmöglichkeit besteht, so dass Prozessluft unter Durchströmen der Sorptionsmittelschicht von dem einen in den anderen Luftführungskanal überströmen kann. Die Sorptionsmittelschicht ist dabei bevorzugt zumindest teilweise zwischen den benachbarten Kanalwänden angeordnet. Für eine optimierte Temperatursteuerung der in den Behandlungsraum gelangenden Prozessluft ist zudem vorgesehen, dass in Einströmrichtung der Prozessluft in die Sorptionsvorrichtung gesehen das vordere axiale Ende des ersten Luftführungskanals geschlossen ist, das vordere axiale Ende des zweiten Luftführungskanals offen ist und am hinteren Ende des zweiten Luftführungskanals wenigstens ein Strömungsbeeinflussendes Element vorgesehen ist, derart dass ein Durchtritt eines Teilluftstroms der Prozessluft von dem zweiten in den ersten Luftführungskanal bewirkt ist, während ein ergänzender Teilluftstrom den zweiten Luftführungskanal bis zum Ende durchströmt und sich ausgangsseitig mit dem durch die Sorptionsmittelschicht erwärmten Teilluftstrom der Prozessluft vereinigt. Accordingly, it is provided in a sorption device of the type mentioned that in the overlay region between the adjacent channel walls at least one passage exists, so that process air can flow from one to the other air duct while flowing through the sorbent layer. The sorbent layer is preferably arranged at least partially between the adjacent channel walls. For an optimized temperature control of the reaching into the treatment room process air is also provided that seen in the inflow direction of the process air in the sorption, the front axial end of the the first air duct is closed, the front axial end of the second air duct is open and at the rear end of the second air duct at least one flow-influencing element is provided such that a passage of a partial air flow of the process air is effected from the second into the first air duct, while a complementary partial air flow flows through the second air duct to the end and combined on the output side with the heated by the sorbent layer part air flow of the process air.
Der Durchsatz und die Einströmung in die Luftführungskanäle bzw. die Ausströmung aus den Luftführungskanälen können durch vorgegebene Strömungsquerschnitte, Drosseln und dergleichen beeinflusst bzw. vorgegeben sein. The throughput and the inflow into the air ducts or the outflow from the air ducts can be influenced or predetermined by predetermined flow cross sections, throttles and the like.
In äquivalenter Weise könnten auch - quasi in strömungskinematischer Umkehr -das vordere Ende des zweiten Luftführungskanals geschlossen und sein hinteres axiales Ende offen und entsprechend am hinteren Ende des ersten Luftführungskanals strö- mungsbeeinflussende Elemente vorgesehen sein. In jedem Fall wird durch dieses Beeinflussungsprinzip wird ein Durchtritt eines Teilstroms der Prozessluft in radialer, d.h. schräg oder im Wesentlich in senkrechter Richtung zur Längsachse des Luftführungskanals von dem zweiten in den ersten bzw. (bei umgekehrter Ausgestaltung) von dem ersten in den zweiten Luftführungskanal bewirkt, während ein ergänzender Teilstrom den zweiten (bzw. bei umgekehrter Ausgestaltung den ersten) Luftführungskanal bis zum Ende durchströmt und sich dann erst ausgangsseitig mit dem durch das Sorptionsmittel erwärmten Teilstrom der Prozessluft wieder vereinigt. In diesem Fall würde das Heizelement zweckmäßig mit einem Bereich der Sorptionsmittelschicht in Wirkkontakt stehen, der dem ersten Strömungskanal zugewandt ist. Bevorzugt wäre dabei das elektrische Heizelement ein auf die innere Mantelfläche der Sorptionsmittelschicht gewickelter Heizdraht. Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, dass diese gegenüber bekannten Sorptionsvorrichtungen nur einen allenfalls geringen zusätzlichen Bauteilebedarf hat. Die erfindungsgemäße Sorptionsvorrichtung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Sorptionsschicht eine vergleichsweise große Durchtrittsfläche bei sehr geringer möglicher Schichtdicke aufweisen kann. Die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung erlaubt es, die Materialdicke des zu durchströmenden Sorbens - vorzugsweise Zeolith und/oder Silicagel - bei erheblicher Menge des Sorbens äußerst gering auszugestalten. Dies ermöglicht einen hohen Wirkungsgrad und eine insbesondere bei der Desorption vorteilhafte hohe Prozess- (desorptions)geschwindigkeit. Die Prozessluft kann dabei die Sorptionsschicht vorteil- hafterweise im Wesentlichen in radialer Richtung, d.h. bei nicht runden Querschnitten schräg oder im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Längsachse des Luftströmungskanals durchströmen. Die Sorptionsvorrichtung kann bei konventionellen Waschtrocknern einfach im vorhandenen Prozessluftkreis angeordnet sein. Unter dem Begriff Luftführungskanal ist im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung nicht etwa nur ein von einem Eingang zu einem Ausgang durchströmbarer Kanal zu verstehen, sondern auch ein in Strömungsrichtung gesehen am Eingang und/oder am Ausgang teilweise oder vollständig strömungsdicht geschlossener oder verschließbarer Strömungsraum. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung und aus der beigefügten Zeichnung sowie aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen, deren Merkmale einzeln und in beliebiger Kombination miteinander angewendet werden können. Insbesondere entspricht jeder bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Sorptionsvorrichtung eine bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des erfin- dungsgemäßen Haushaltsgeräts und umgekehrt, und dies auch dann, wenn darauf hierin nicht explizit hingewiesen ist. Equivalently, the front end of the second air duct could also be closed, and its rear axial end could be open, and flow-influencing elements could be provided at the rear end of the first air duct, quasi in flow-kinematical reversal. In any case, by this influencing principle, a passage of a partial stream of the process air in the radial, ie obliquely or substantially in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the air duct from the second into the first or (in the reverse configuration) of the first into the second air duct is effected while a supplementary partial flow flows through the second (or in the case of a reverse configuration the first) air duct to the end and then reunites only on the output side with the part of the process air heated by the sorbent. In this case, the heating element would expediently be in operative contact with a region of the sorbent layer which faces the first flow channel. In this case, the electric heating element would preferably be a heating wire wound on the inner circumferential surface of the sorbent layer. Another advantage of the invention is that it has only a minimum of additional components required compared to known sorption. The sorption device according to the invention is characterized in that the sorption layer can have a comparatively large passage area with a very small possible layer thickness. The embodiment of the invention allows the material thickness of the To be flowed through sorbent - preferably zeolite and / or silica gel - extremely low to design at a considerable amount of the sorbent. This allows a high degree of efficiency and a high process (desorption) rate which is advantageous, in particular, during desorption. The process air can advantageously flow through the sorption layer essentially in the radial direction, ie in non-circular cross-sections, obliquely or substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the air flow channel. The sorption device can be easily arranged in the existing process air circuit in conventional washer-dryers. In the context of the present invention, the term air duct is not to be understood as meaning only a channel through which an inlet can flow to an outlet, but also a flow space that is partially or completely closed or closable in the flow direction at the inlet and / or outlet. Advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the following description and from the accompanying drawings and from the dependent claims, the features of which can be used individually and in any combination with each other. In particular, each preferred embodiment of the sorption device according to the invention corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the household appliance according to the invention and vice versa, and this even if it is not explicitly stated herein.
Eine erste konstruktiv und fertigungstechnisch bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Durchtrittsmöglichkeit von wenigstens einer Durchgangsöffnung in wenigstens einer Kanalwand gebildet ist. Mit dieser Ausgestaltung ist eine besonders aufwandsarme und kompakte Realisierung der erfindungsgemäßen Sorptionsvorrichtung ermöglicht. A first design and manufacturing technology preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the possibility of passage is formed by at least one passage opening in at least one channel wall. With this embodiment, a particularly low-effort and compact realization of the sorption device according to the invention is made possible.
Eine bevorzugte Gestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung sieht vor, dass der erste und der zweite Luftführungskanal koaxial ausgebildet sind. Diese Ausgestaltung ist sowohl hinsichtlich der Durchströmungsverhältnisse der Sorptionsmittelschicht als auch dadurch vorteilhaft, dass der den ersten Luftführungskanal zumindest teilweise umgebende zweite Luftführungskanal gleichzeitig als Wärmeisolierung dient und so umgebende Bauteile vor hoher Wärmebelastung während der Desorptionsphase schützt. Dieser Vorteil kommt besonders bei einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung zum Tragen, wobei der erste Luftführungskanal von einem äußeren Mantel begrenzt ist, an dem die Sorptionsmittelschicht mit einer inneren Schichtseite anliegt, und wobei die innere Kanalwand des zweiten Luftführungskanals von einer äußeren Schichtseite der Sorptionsmittelschicht gebildet ist. A preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention provides that the first and the second air duct are formed coaxially. This embodiment is advantageous both in terms of the flow conditions of the sorbent layer and in that the second air duct at least partially surrounding the first air duct at the same time serves as thermal insulation and thus protects surrounding components from high heat load during the desorption. This advantage is particularly useful in a further development of the invention, wherein the first air duct is delimited by an outer jacket against which the sorbent layer bears with an inner layer side, and wherein the inner channel wall of the second air duct is formed by an outer layer side of the sorbent layer.
Dabei ist es von der Durchströmbarkeit der Sorptionsmittelschicht und fertigungstechnisch sehr vorteilhaft, wenn die äußere Schichtseite des Sorptionsmittels von einem siebartigen Element bedeckt ist. It is of the flowability of the sorbent layer and manufacturing technology very advantageous if the outer layer side of the sorbent is covered by a sieve-like element.
Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass ein Heizelement mit einem Bereich der Sorptionsmittelschicht in Wirkkontakt steht, der dem zweiten Luftführungskanal zugewandt ist. Das bevorzugt als elektrischer Heizkörper ausgebildete Heiz- element realisiert durch die Nähe zum bzw. durch direkten Kontakt mit dem Sorptionsmaterial einen besonders guten Wärmeübergang, der die Desorptionsphase vorteilhaft unterstützt. Der elektrische Heizkörper kann besonders bevorzugt ein um die äußere Mantelfläche der Sorptionsmittelschicht gewickelter Heizdraht sein. Hinsichtlich des Realisierungs- und Steuerungsaufwands bevorzugt sind die strömungs- beeinflussenden Elemente von steuerbaren Klappen, Schiebern und/oder Blenden gebildet. Bei einem kreisförmigen Querschnitt der Luftführungskanäle können die Blenden als sogenannte Iris-Blenden ausgestaltet sein. Einbautechnisch bevorzugt ist vorgesehen, dass die Luftführungskanäle rechteckigen Querschnitt haben und eine größere Breite als Höhe aufweisen. According to one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a heating element is in operative contact with a region of the sorbent layer, which faces the second air duct. The heating element, which is preferably designed as an electrical heating element, realizes, due to the proximity to or through direct contact with the sorption material, a particularly good heat transfer, which advantageously supports the desorption phase. The electric heating element may particularly preferably be a heating wire wound around the outer surface of the sorbent layer. With regard to the implementation and control effort, the flow-influencing elements are preferably formed by controllable flaps, slides and / or diaphragms. In the case of a circular cross-section of the air ducts, the diaphragms can be designed as so-called iris diaphragms. In terms of installation, it is preferably provided that the air ducts have a rectangular cross-section and have a greater width than height.
Das erfindungsgemäße Haushaltsgerät ist mit einem Prozessluftkanal versehen, durch den aus einem Behandlungsraum kommende Prozessluft strömt, wobei in dem Prozessluftkanal eine Sorptionsvorrichtung der zuvor beschriebenen Art angeordnet ist. The domestic appliance according to the invention is provided with a process air duct through which process air coming from a treatment space flows, a sorption apparatus of the type described above being arranged in the process air duct.
Bevorzugt ist dabei die Sorptionsvorrichtung oberhalb des Behandlungsraums angeordnet, weil damit der üblicherweise im oberen Bereich von Haushaltsgeräten verfügbare Bauraum optimal genutzt werden kann und ein Durchnässen der Sorptionsmittelschicht durch Prozessflüssigkeit (beispielsweise Wasch- oder Spülflüssigkeit) verhindert ist. Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines in der beigefügten Zeichnung figürlich dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels weiter erläutert. Es zeigen: Figur 1 : schematisch ein Haushaltsgerät mit einer Sorptionsvorrichtung, In this case, the sorption device is preferably arranged above the treatment space, because it allows optimal use of the space that is usually available in the upper area of household appliances and prevents the sorbent layer from becoming soaked through process fluid (for example washing or rinsing fluid). The invention will be further explained below with reference to an embodiment shown figuratively in the accompanying drawing. 1 shows schematically a domestic appliance with a sorption device,
Figur 2: in teiltransparenter und perspektivischer Ansicht eine Sorptionsvorrichtung, FIG. 2: a semitransparent and perspective view of a sorption device,
Figur 3: im Längsschnitt die Sorptionsvorrichtung aus Figur 2 in der Schnittebene III-III, und 3 shows a longitudinal section of the sorption device of Figure 2 in the sectional plane III-III, and
Figur 4: im Querschnitt die Sorptionsvorrichtung aus Figur 2 in der Schnittebene IV-IV. Figure 4: in cross section, the sorption of Figure 2 in the section plane IV-IV.
Figur 1 zeigt schematisch den grundlegenden Aufbau eines Haushaltsgeräts, hier in Form eines sogenannten Waschtrockners 1. Der Waschtrockner 1 weist eine drehbar um eine Rotationsachse 2 in einem Laugenbehälter gelagerte Wäschetrommel auf, die einen Behandlungsraum 3 für zu trocknende Wäsche 4 bildet. Der Übersicht halber ist die an sich bekannte Zweiheit von Laugenbehälter und Wäschetrommel nicht dargestellt; in der Zeichnung erscheint nur der Behandlungsraum 3. Der Behandlungsraum 3 ist auch Teil eines Trocknungssystems, das ein Prozessluftgebläse 5, einen Prozessluftkreis 6 mit einer elektrischen Heizung 7, einen Luft/Luftwärmetauscher 9 und Luftleitkanäle 10 in einer an sich beispielsweise aus der DE 10 2010 002 086 A1 (auf die insoweit auch Bezug genommen wird) bekannten Weise umfasst. Im Bereich 12 des Waschtrockners 1 ist eine Sorptionsvorrichtung 14 angeordnet, die nachfolgend noch näher beschrieben wird. Die Sorptionsvorrichtung kann besonders bevorzugt oberhalb des Behandlungsraums 3 im Gehäuse 15 des Waschtrockners 1 angeordnet und dadurch optimal vor einem Durchnässen des in ihr enthaltenen Sorptionsmaterials geschützt sein. 1 shows schematically the basic structure of a household appliance, here in the form of a so-called washer-dryer 1. The washer-dryer 1 has a laundry drum rotatably mounted about a rotation axis 2 in a tub which forms a treatment space 3 for laundry 4 to be dried. For the sake of clarity, the known duality of tub and laundry drum is not shown; in the drawing, only the treatment room 3. The treatment room 3 is also part of a drying system, a process air blower 5, a process air circuit 6 with an electric heater 7, an air / air heat exchanger 9 and air ducts 10 in a per se, for example, from DE 10 2010 002 086 A1 (to which reference is also made) known manner. In the area 12 of the washer-dryer 1, a sorption device 14 is arranged, which will be described in more detail below. The sorption device can be particularly preferably arranged above the treatment space 3 in the housing 15 of the washer-dryer 1 and thereby optimally protected against wetting of the sorption material contained in it.
Die Figuren 2 bis 4 zeigen die Sorptionsvorrichtung 14 im Detail. Die Sorptionsvorrichtung umfasst einen Überlagerungsbereich 16, in dem ein erster Luftführungskanal 18 und ein zweiter Luftführungskanal 19 um eine Längsachse 20 koaxial verlaufen. In dem Überlagerungsbereich ist zumindest abschnittsweise die äußere Kanalwand 22 des ersten Luftfüh- rungskanals 18 und die innere Kanalwand 24 des zweiten Luftführungskanals 19 benachbart. Zwischen den Kanalwänden 22 und 24 ist eine Sorptionsmittelschicht 26 eingebracht. Als Sorptionsmittel ist Zeolith vorgesehen, wobei auch andere geeignete sorptive Speichermaterialien verwendet werden können. Der zweite Luftführungskanal 19 ist in radialer Richtung R gesehen nach außen von einem äußeren Mantel 28 begrenzt, der insoweit die äußere Kanalwand 29 des zweiten Luftführungskanals 19 im Überlagerungsbereich 16 bildet. Die innere Kanalwand 24 des zweiten Luftführungskanals 19 ist von der äußeren Schichtseite 30 der Sorptionsmittelschicht 26 gebildet, die von einem netz- oder siebartigen Element 34 bedeckt ist, das die Sorptionsmittelschicht 26 in Position hält bzw. außenseitig begrenzt. An der äußeren Kanalwand 22 liegt die Sorptionsmittelschicht 26 mit ihrer inneren Schichtseite 35 an. FIGS. 2 to 4 show the sorption device 14 in detail. The sorption device comprises an overlay region 16, in which a first air duct 18 and a second air duct 19 extend coaxially about a longitudinal axis 20. In the overlapping area, the outer channel wall 22 of the first air duct is at least partially ing channel 18 and the inner channel wall 24 of the second air duct 19 adjacent. Between the channel walls 22 and 24, a sorbent layer 26 is introduced. As a sorbent zeolite is provided, although other suitable sorptive storage materials can be used. The second air duct 19 is seen in the radial direction R outwardly bounded by an outer jacket 28, which forms the extent of the outer duct wall 29 of the second air duct 19 in the overlay region 16. The inner channel wall 24 of the second air duct 19 is formed by the outer layer side 30 of the sorbent layer 26 which is covered by a mesh or sieve-like member 34 which holds the sorbent layer 26 in position or bounded on the outside. On the outer channel wall 22, the sorbent layer 26 abuts with its inner layer side 35.
Zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Luftführungskanal 18, 19 besteht in Richtung R in der äußeren Kanalwand 22 des ersten Luftführungskanals 18 und damit durch die Sorptions- mittelschicht 26 eine Durchtrittsmöglichkeit 36 für Prozessluft 37. Die Durchtrittsmöglichkeit kann je nach detaillierter Strömungsrichtung und Ausgestaltung bzw. Einbaulage der Sorptionsvorrichtung radial bzw. schräg oder senkrecht zur Längsachse nach innen bzw. grundsätzlich auch nach außen bestehen. In der nachfolgend bevorzugt beschriebenen Ausgestaltung der Sorptionsvorrichtung ist die Durchtrittsmöglichkeit durch mantelseitig vorgesehene Öffnungen 40 realisiert, die die äußere Kanalwand 22 des ersten Luftführungskanals 18 perforieren. Je nach Dimensionierung der Öffnungen ist es bevorzugt, wenn zumindest im Bereich der Öffnungen ein weiteres Netz oder siebartiges Element 41 vorgesehen ist, das die Sorptionsmittelschicht 26 innenseitig bedeckt und so ein unerwünschtes Austreten des Sorptionsmaterials durch die Öffnungen verhindert. Between the first and second air duct 18, 19 is in the direction R in the outer channel wall 22 of the first air duct 18 and thus through the sorbent medium layer 26 a passageway 36 for process air 37th Die Durchtrittsmöglichkeit can, depending on the detailed flow direction and design or installation position of the Sorption device radially or obliquely or perpendicular to the longitudinal axis to the inside or in principle also to the outside. In the preferred embodiment of the sorption device described below, the passage option is realized by openings 40 provided on the shell side, which perforate the outer duct wall 22 of the first air duct 18. Depending on the dimensioning of the openings, it is preferred if at least in the region of the openings another mesh or sieve-like element 41 is provided which covers the sorbent layer 26 on the inside and thus prevents undesired escape of the sorption material through the openings.
Mit der Sorptionsmittelschicht 26 steht ein Heizelement 42 in Wirkkontakt, das von einem Heizdraht 43 gebildet ist, mit dem die Sorptionsmittelschicht 26 auf der Seite ihres äußeren Mantels (also um die äußere Schichtseite 30 herum) umwickelt ist. Durch den direkten Kontakt zwischen dem Heizelement 42 und dem Material der Sorptionsmittelschicht 26 ergibt sich ein besonders guter Wärmeübergang, der in einer nachfolgend noch beschriebenen Desorptionsphase besonders vorteilhaft ist. In Einströmrichtung 45 der in die Sorptionsvorrichtung 14 einströmenden Prozessluft 46 gesehen ist der vordere axiale Bereich bzw. das vordere Ende 50 des Luftführungskanals 18 geschlossen, während das vordere Ende 52 des Luftführungskanals 19 offen ist. Das hintere Ende 54 des Luftführungskanals 18 ist offen, während der Luftführungskanal 19 an seinem hinteren Bereich oder hinteren Ende 55 durch bewegliche Strömungsbeeinflussende Elemente - hier in Form von Klappen 56 ausgestaltet - bedarfsweise mehr oder weniger verschließbar ist. Wie insbesondere aus Figur 4 erkennbar, haben die Luftführungskanäle 18, 19 jeweils einen rechteckigen Querschnitt 60, wobei ihre Breite 61 deutlich größer ist als ihre Höhe 62. With the sorbent layer 26 is a heating element 42 in operative contact, which is formed by a heating wire 43, with which the sorbent layer 26 on the side of its outer jacket (ie around the outer layer side 30 around) is wrapped. The direct contact between the heating element 42 and the material of the sorbent layer 26 results in a particularly good heat transfer, which is particularly advantageous in a desorption phase described below. As viewed in the inflow direction 45 of the process air 46 flowing into the sorption device 14, the front axial region or the front end 50 of the air duct 18 is closed, while the front end 52 of the air duct 19 is open. The rear end 54 of the air duct 18 is open, while the air duct 19 at its rear area or rear end 55 by moving flow-influencing elements - designed here in the form of flaps 56 - if necessary, more or less closable. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 4, the air ducts 18, 19 each have a rectangular cross section 60, their width 61 being significantly greater than their height 62.
Nachfolgend wird der Betrieb des Haushaltsgeräts (Figur 1 ) bzw. der Sorptionsvorrichtung näher beschrieben: The operation of the household appliance (FIG. 1) or the sorption device is described in more detail below:
In einer sogenannten Desorptionsphase - also in der Phase, in der das Sorptionsmittel 26 sich durch Ausbringen zuvor aufgenommener und gespeicherter Feuchtigkeit regeneriert - sind durch eine Steuerung 64 (Figur 1 ) die Klappen 56 (Figur 3) geschlossen, das Pro- zessluftgebläse 5 und die Heizung 42 eingeschaltet. Dadurch strömt Prozessluft 46 zunächst in den zweiten Luftführungskanal 19 durch dessen offenes Ende 50 ein, verlässt im Überlagerungsbereich 16 den zweiten Luftführungskanal 19, durchströmt die Sorptionsmittelschicht 26, strömt anschließend durch die Durchtrittsmöglichkeit 36 (nämlich hier durch die Öffnungen 40) in den ersten Luftführungskanal 18 über und schließlich durch dessen offenes hinteres Ende 54 aus. Dabei transportiert die Prozessluft den Wasserdampf, der durch das Aufheizen des Sorptionsmaterials (Sorbens) mittels der Heizung 42 aus der Sorptionsmittelschicht 26 freigesetzt wird, aus der Sorptionsmittelschicht 26 ab. Zusätzlich mag sich dabei eine Aufheizung der Prozessluft ergeben, je nach der Temperatur, die zur Desorption des Wassers von dem Sorptionsmaterial erforderlich ist. Sofern die von einem Temperaturfühler 66 (Figur 1 ) gemessene Temperatur der am Ausgang 68 ausströmenden Prozessluft 70 eine vorgegebene oder vorgebbare Solltemperatur (beispielsweise 100° C) erreicht, werden die Klappen 56 bedarfsweise geöffnet. So wird einem Teilluftstrom 71 der einströmenden Prozessluft 46 ermöglicht, den zweiten Luftführungskanal 19 quasi als Bypass zu nutzen und bis an dessen Ende 55 zu durchströmen und dort auszutreten. Dadurch erfolgt eine Beimischung des Teilluftstroms 71 , der den zweiten Luftführungskanal 19 endseitig und - sofern er nicht oder nur relativ geringfügig durch die Heizeinrichtung 42 erwärmt wird - mit niedrigerer Temperatur verlässt, zu dem Teilluftstrom, der wie vorbeschrieben die Sorptionsmittelschicht zum ersten Luftführungskanal 18 durchströmt und dabei erwärmt wird. Die Austrittstemperatur der ausströ- menden Prozessluft 70 wird zweckmäßig durch die Auslegung des Prozessluftkreises 6 im Bereich der Luftführungskanäle 18 und 19 und die Einstellung der von der Heizeinrichtung 42 zu liefernden Heizleistung auf einen gewünschten Wert eingestellt; gegebenenfalls kann sie über die Heizleistung geregelt werden. In a so-called desorption phase - ie in the phase in which the sorbent 26 regenerates by discharging previously stored and stored moisture - the flaps 56 (FIG. 3) are closed by a control 64 (FIG. 1), the process air blower 5 and the Heating 42 switched on. As a result, process air 46 first flows into the second air duct 19 through its open end 50, leaves the second air duct 19 in the overlapping area 16, flows through the sorbent layer 26, then flows through the passage 36 (namely through the openings 40) into the first air duct 18 over and finally through its open rear end 54. In this case, the process air transports the water vapor, which is released from the sorbent layer 26 by heating the sorbent material (sorbent) by means of the heater 42, from the sorbent layer 26. In addition, this may result in a heating of the process air, depending on the temperature required for desorption of the water from the sorbent material. If the temperature measured by a temperature sensor 66 (FIG. 1) of the process air 70 flowing out of the outlet 68 reaches a predetermined or predefinable setpoint temperature (for example 100 ° C.), the flaps 56 are opened as needed. Thus, a partial airflow 71 of the inflowing process air 46 is made possible to use the second air duct 19 quasi as a bypass and to flow through to the end 55 and exit there. This results in an admixture of the partial air flow 71, the second air duct 19 ends and - if it is not or only slightly heated by the heater 42 - leaves at a lower temperature, the partial air flow, as described above, the sorbent layer flows through the first air duct 18 and it is heated. The outlet temperature of the effluent Menden process air 70 is suitably set by the design of the process air circuit 6 in the region of the air ducts 18 and 19 and the adjustment of the heat to be supplied by the heater 42 to a desired value; if necessary, it can be regulated by the heat output.
Während des Behandlungsvorgangs (Trocknung) von Wäsche 4 im Behandlungsraum 3 schaltet die Steuerung 64 die Heizung 42 ab und das Gebläse 5 ein. Im Prozessluftkreis 6 strömt Prozessluft 46 in den zweiten Luftführungskanal 19 ein. Zumindest ein Teil der Prozessluft 37 tritt durch die Sorptionsmittelschicht 26 und die Öffnungen 40 - wie zuvor beschrieben - in den ersten Luftführungskanal 18 über und scheidet in der Sorptionsmittelschicht Feuchtigkeit ab. Neben der aus der vorhergehenden Desorptionsphase gegebenenfalls noch stammenden Wärme wird so zusätzlich Bindungsenergie und insbesondere Kondensationsenthalpie in Form von Wärme aus der Sorptionsmittelschicht 26 abgegeben. Die Temperatur der aus dem hinteren offenen Bereich 54 des ersten Luftfüh- rungskanals 18 austretenden Luft sinkt dabei von der Desorptionstemperatur (von beispielsweise 300° C) auf etwa 100° C bis 150° C ab. Auch hier kann durch geeignete Einstellung der Strömungsbeeinflussenden Elemente (Klappen) 56 die Temperatur der ausströmenden Luft 70 insgesamt reguliert werden. Je nach Auslegung des Haushaltsgeräts 1 und den Betriebsparametern (beispielsweise der Beladungsmenge und Feuchte von in die Wäschetrommel 3 eingebrachter Wäsche 4) können konventionelle Trocknungsphasen ohne Sorption durch die Sorptionsvorrichtung wünschenswert oder erforderlich sein. Dann werden durch die Steuerung 64 die Heizung 7 und das Prozessluftgebläse 5 eingeschaltet und die Klappen 56 vollständig geöffnet. Wegen des höheren Strömungswiderstandes beim Durchströmen der Sorptionsmittelschicht 26 strömt in dieser Konfiguration nahezu die gesamte einströmende Prozessluft 46 an der Sorptionsmittelschicht 26 axial vorbei, so dass der zweite Luftführungskanal 19 quasi einen vollständigen Bypass für die Prozessluft bildet. In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung kann die Prozessluft dabei allein oder zusätzlich durch die Heizung 42 erwärmt werden. Die Temperatur der austretenden Luft 70 kann in diesem Fall durch entsprechende Regelung der Heizung 42 reguliert werden. Vorteilhafterweise dient der Luftstrom im zweiten Luftführungskanal 19 zusätzlich als Wärmeisolation und schützt umgebende Bauteile insbesondere vor den hohen Temperaturen während der zuvor beschriebenen Desorptionsphase. So kann die Eintrittstemperatur der Prozessluft auf einer gewünschten Temperatur von beispielsweise 100° C gehalten werden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist, dass die Materialdicke 72 (Figur 4) der Sorptionsmittelschicht 26 sehr gering dimensioniert werden kann, weil eine Vielzahl mantelseitig angeordneter Öffnungen 40 eine vergleichsweise große durchströmbare Durchtrittsfläche für die Prozessluft beim Übergang zwischen den Luftfüh- rungskanälen bietet. Der Mantel des ersten Luftführungskanals ist vorzugsweise mit einer beispielsweise nur 1 - 2 cm dicken Schicht z.B. aus Zeolith-Granulat umgeben. During the treatment process (drying) of laundry 4 in the treatment room 3, the controller 64 turns off the heater 42 and the fan 5 a. Process air 46 flows into the second air duct 19 in the process air circuit 6. At least part of the process air 37 passes through the sorbent layer 26 and the openings 40, as described above, into the first air duct 18 and deposits moisture in the sorbent layer. In addition to the heat possibly originating from the preceding desorption phase, binding energy and, in particular, condensation enthalpy in the form of heat are thus released from the sorbent layer 26. The temperature of the air leaving the rear open region 54 of the first air-guiding channel 18 drops from the desorption temperature (for example from 300 ° C.) to approximately 100 ° C. to 150 ° C. Again, by suitable adjustment of the flow-influencing elements (flaps) 56, the temperature of the outflowing air 70 can be regulated as a whole. Depending on the design of the household appliance 1 and the operating parameters (for example, the loading amount and humidity of laundry 4 introduced into the laundry drum 3), conventional drying phases without sorption by the sorption apparatus may be desirable or necessary. Then, by the controller 64, the heater 7 and the process air blower 5 are turned on and the flaps 56 are fully opened. Because of the higher flow resistance when flowing through the sorbent layer 26, in this configuration, almost all of the inflowing process air 46 flows axially past the sorbent layer 26, so that the second air duct 19 virtually forms a complete bypass for the process air. In a preferred embodiment, the process air can be heated alone or in addition by the heater 42. The temperature of the exiting air 70 can be regulated in this case by appropriate control of the heater 42. Advantageously, the air flow in the second air duct 19 additionally serves as heat insulation and protects surrounding components in particular against the high temperatures during the desorption phase described above. Thus, the inlet temperature of the process air can be maintained at a desired temperature of, for example, 100 ° C. It is particularly advantageous that the material thickness 72 (FIG. 4) of the sorbent layer 26 can be dimensioned very small, because a large number of openings 40 arranged on the shell side provides a comparatively large throughflow area for the process air at the transition between the air ducts. The jacket of the first air duct is preferably surrounded by, for example, only 1 to 2 cm thick layer, for example, of zeolite granules.
Die Sorptionsvorrichtung kann auch nur an einer Seite benachbarte oder nicht vollumfänglich in Nachbarschaft oder Kontakt stehende Luftführungskanäle aufweisen. Beson- ders bevorzugt besteht wie dargestellt die Sorptionsvorrichtung im Wesentlichen aus einander mantelformig umgebenden Strukturen, wobei die Zuluft (Prozessluft) durch eine äußere Luftleitung zugeführt wird, die sich bevorzugt in Art eines Diffusors 73 unter Bildung des zweiten Luftführungskanals erweitert. Im inneren Bereich befindet sich bevorzugt koaxial in dem zweiten Luftführungskanal eine weitere Rohrleitung, die den ersten Luftführungskanal bildet und die durch die mantelseitig angeordneten Öffnungen fluidisch mit dem äußeren, zweiten Luftführungskanal verbunden ist. The sorption device may also have only on one side adjacent or not fully in the vicinity or contact air ducts. Particularly preferably, as shown, the sorption device consists essentially of structures which surround one another in a mantel-shaped manner, the supply air (process air) being supplied through an outer air duct, which preferably widens in the manner of a diffuser 73 to form the second air duct. In the inner region is preferably located coaxially in the second air duct another pipe, which forms the first air duct and which is fluidly connected by the shell-side openings arranged with the outer, second air duct.
Bezugszeichenliste LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
Waschtrockner washer dryer
Rotationsachse axis of rotation
Behandlungsraum treatment room
Wäsche Laundry
Prozessluftgebläse Process air fan
Prozessluftkreis Process air circuit
elektrische Heizung electric heating
Luft/Luftwärmetauscher Air / air heat exchanger
Luftleitkanäle air ducts
Bereich Area
Sorptionsvorrichtung sorption
Gehäuse casing
Überlagerungsbereich Overlay area
erster Luftführungskanal first air duct
zweiter Luftführungskanal second air duct
Längsachse longitudinal axis
äußere Kanalwand des ersten Luftführungskanals innere Kanalwand des zweiten Luftführungskanals Sorptionsmittelschicht outer duct wall of the first air duct duct inner duct wall of the second air duct sorbent layer
Mantel coat
äußere Kanalwand des zweiten Luftführungskanals äußere Schichtseite outer duct wall of the second air duct outer layer side
siebartiges Element sieve-like element
innere Schichtseite inner layer side
Durchtrittsmöglichkeit Passage way
Prozessluft process air
Öffnungen openings
siebartiges Element sieve-like element
Heizelement heating element
Heizdraht heating wire
Einströmrichtung 46 Prozessluft inflow 46 process air
50 vorderes Ende des ersten Luftführungskanals 50 front end of the first air duct
52 vorderes Ende des zweiten Luftführungskanals52 front end of the second air duct
54 hinteres Ende des ersten Luftführungskanals54 rear end of the first air duct
55 hinteres Ende des zweiten Luftführungskanals55 rear end of the second air duct
56 Klappen 56 flaps
60 Querschnitt  60 cross section
61 Breite  61 width
62 Höhe  62 height
64 Steuerung  64 control
66 Temperaturfühler  66 temperature sensor
68 Ausgang  68 output
70 ausströmende Prozessluft  70 outflowing process air
71 Teilluftstrom  71 partial air flow
72 Materialdicke  72 material thickness
73 Diffusor  73 diffuser
R radiale Richtung R radial direction

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE PATENT CLAIMS
Haushaltsgeräte-Sorptionsvorrichtung (14) , Household appliance sorption device (14),
- mit einem ersten (18) und einem zweiten (19) Luftführungskanal, die zumindest einen Überlagerungsbereich (16) bilden, in dem eine Kanalwand (22) des ersten und eine Kanalwand (24) des zweiten Luftführungskanals benachbart sind, und - with a first (18) and a second (19) air duct, which form at least one overlay area (16), in which a channel wall (22) of the first and a channel wall (24) of the second air duct are adjacent, and
- mit einer Sorptionsmittelschicht (26), die von Prozessluft (46) durchströmbar ist,- with a sorbent layer (26) through which process air (46) can flow,
- wobei im Überlagerungsbereich (16) zwischen den benachbarten Kanalwänden (22, 24) wenigstens eine Durchtrittsmöglichkeit (36) besteht, so dass Prozessluft (37) unter Durchströmen der Sorptionsmittelschicht (26) von dem einen in den anderen Luftführungskanal (18, 19) überströmen kann, - wherein in the overlay area (16) between the adjacent channel walls (22, 24) there is at least one passage possibility (36), so that process air (37) flows from one air duct (18, 19) into the other while flowing through the sorbent layer (26). can,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
- in Einströmrichtung (45) der Prozessluft (46) in die Sorptionsvorrichtung (14) gesehen das vordere axiale Ende (50) des ersten Luftführungskanals (18) geschlossen ist, das vordere axiale Ende (52) des zweiten Luftführungskanals (19) offen ist und - Seen in the inflow direction (45) of the process air (46) into the sorption device (14), the front axial end (50) of the first air duct (18) is closed, the front axial end (52) of the second air duct (19) is open and
- am hinteren Ende (55) des zweiten Luftführungskanals (19) wenigstens ein strö- mungsbeeinflussendes Element (56) vorgesehen ist, derart dass ein Durchtritt eines Teilluftstroms der Prozessluft von dem zweiten (19) in den ersten Luftführungskanal (18) bewirkt ist, während ein ergänzender Teilluftstrom den zweiten Luftführungskanal (19) bis zum Ende durchströmt und sich ausgangsseitig mit dem durch die Sorptionsmittelschicht (26) erwärmten Teilluftstrom der Prozessluft vereinigt. - At least one flow-influencing element (56) is provided at the rear end (55) of the second air duct (19), such that a partial air flow of the process air is caused to pass from the second (19) into the first air duct (18), while a supplementary partial air flow flows through the second air duct (19) to the end and combines on the outlet side with the partial air flow of the process air heated by the sorbent layer (26).
Sorptionsvorrichtung (14) nach Anspruch 1 , Sorption device (14) according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
- die Durchtrittsmöglichkeit (36) von wenigstens einer Durchgangsöffnung (40) in wenigstens einer Kanalwand gebildet ist. - The passage possibility (36) is formed by at least one through opening (40) in at least one channel wall.
Sorptionsvorrichtung (14) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, Sorption device (14) according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
- der erste (18) und der zweite (19) Luftführungskanal koaxial ausgebildet sind. - The first (18) and the second (19) air duct are designed coaxially.
4. Sorptionsvorrichtung (14) nach wenigstens einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 4. Sorption device (14) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
- der erste Luftführungskanal (18) von einem äußeren Mantel (28) begrenzt ist, an dem die Sorptionsmittelschicht (26) mit einer inneren Schichtseite (35) anliegt, und - the first air duct (18) is delimited by an outer jacket (28), on which the sorbent layer (26) rests with an inner layer side (35), and
- dass die innere Kanalwand (24) des zweiten Luftführungskanals (19) von einer äußeren Schichtseite (30) der Sorptionsmittelschicht (26) gebildet ist. - that the inner channel wall (24) of the second air duct (19) is formed by an outer layer side (30) of the sorbent layer (26).
5. Sorptionsvorrichtung (14) nach Anspruch 4, 5. Sorption device (14) according to claim 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
- die äußere Schichtseite (30) der Sorptionsmittelschicht (26) von einem siebartigen Element (34) bedeckt ist. - The outer layer side (30) of the sorbent layer (26) is covered by a sieve-like element (34).
6. Sorptionsvorrichtung (14) nach wenigstens einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 6. Sorption device (14) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
- ein Heizelement (42) mit einem Bereich (30) der Sorptionsmittelschicht (26) in Wirkkontakt steht, der dem zweiten Luftführungskanal (19) zugewandt ist. - A heating element (42) is in effective contact with an area (30) of the sorbent layer (26) which faces the second air duct (19).
7. Sorptionsvorrichtung (14) nach Anspruch 6, 7. Sorption device (14) according to claim 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
- das Strömungsbeeinflussende Element eine steuerbare Klappe (56) und/oder ein Schieber und/oder eine Blende ist. - The flow-influencing element is a controllable flap (56) and/or a slide and/or a diaphragm.
8. Sorptionsvorrichtung (14) nach wenigstens einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 8. Sorption device (14) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
- die Luftführungskanäle (18, 19) rechteckigen Querschnitt (60) haben und eine größere Breite (61 ) als Höhe (62) aufweisen. - The air ducts (18, 19) have a rectangular cross section (60) and a greater width (61) than height (62).
9. Haushaltsgerät mit 9. Household appliance with
einem Prozessluftkanal (6, 10), durch den aus einem Behandlungsraum (3) kommende Prozessluft (46) strömt, a process air duct (6, 10) through which process air (46) coming from a treatment room (3) flows,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
- in dem Prozessluftkanal (10) eine Sorptionsvorrichtung (14) nach wenigstens einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche angeordnet ist. - A sorption device (14) according to at least one of the preceding claims is arranged in the process air duct (10).
10. Haushaltsgerät nach Anspruch 9, 10. Household appliance according to claim 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
- die Sorptionsvorrichtung (14) oberhalb des Behandlungsraums (3) angeordnet ist. - The sorption device (14) is arranged above the treatment room (3).
EP13805410.1A 2012-12-19 2013-12-16 Soprtion device for household appliances and houshold appliance with such a device Not-in-force EP2935685B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL13805410T PL2935685T3 (en) 2012-12-19 2013-12-16 Soprtion device for household appliances and houshold appliance with such a device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012223776.3A DE102012223776A1 (en) 2012-12-19 2012-12-19 Sorption device for a household appliance and corresponding household appliance
PCT/EP2013/076726 WO2014095738A1 (en) 2012-12-19 2013-12-16 Domestic appliance sorption device and domestic appliance equipped with a sorption device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2935685A1 true EP2935685A1 (en) 2015-10-28
EP2935685B1 EP2935685B1 (en) 2017-02-22

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13805410.1A Not-in-force EP2935685B1 (en) 2012-12-19 2013-12-16 Soprtion device for household appliances and houshold appliance with such a device

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EP (1) EP2935685B1 (en)
CN (1) CN104870709B (en)
DE (1) DE102012223776A1 (en)
PL (1) PL2935685T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2014095738A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2014095738A1 (en) 2014-06-26
CN104870709A (en) 2015-08-26
PL2935685T3 (en) 2017-08-31
EP2935685B1 (en) 2017-02-22
DE102012223776A1 (en) 2014-06-26
CN104870709B (en) 2016-11-16

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